人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world Building up your vocabulary 词汇讲练 （含答案）

Unit
5
Building
up
your
vocabulary
词汇讲练
P60
What
do
the
italicised
words
refer
to
in
the
sentences?
句中的斜体词指的是什么？
refer
to
_______________________________________
reference
n.
参考；
参照；涉及；提及
Guess
the
meanings
of
“refer
to”
and
its
function
in
the
following
sentences:
1).
He
referred
to
a
history
book
to
find
out
when
the
French
Revolution
happened.
2).
What
I
have
to
say
refers
to
all
of
you,
so
you’d
better
listen
attentively.
3).
The
book
referred
to
by
the
psychology
expert
can
teach
you
how
to
find
what
is
causing
pressure
in
your
pare
“refer
to”
with
“look
up”:
4).
If
you
don’t
know
what
the
word
means,
refer
to
the
dictionary/look
it
up
in
the
dictionary.
_________(含义)
练：5).
The
Letter
______________________(被提到的)
at
the
meeting
by
Professor
White
is
written
by
his
father.
.
I
often
___________________(查阅)
the
words
I
don’t
know
in
the
dictionary
or
on
the
Internet.
.
You
can
________________(参考我的笔记)
if
you
review
what
you
have
studied.
2.P62
China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilization
which
has
continued
all
the
way
through
into
modern
times,
despite
the
many
ups
and
downs
in
its
history.
中国以其古老的文明闻名于世，它一直延续到现代，尽管它在历史上经历了许多沉浮。
despite相当于in
spite
of
表“_____________”
Tell
the
difference
between
“despite”
and
“though”:
8).
Though
the
weather
was
bad,
they
still
went
training.
=Despite
the
bad
weather,
they
still
went
training.
=Despite
the
fact
that
the
weather
was
bad,
they
still
went
training.
改下下面句子：
9).
Tom
failed
the
exam
though
he
studied
hard.
=
Tom
failed
the
exam
despite
_________________________.
10).
He
stormed
out
of
the
house
though
it
rained.
=He
stormed
out
of
the
house
despite
____________________.
翻译：11).
She
can
speak
Chinese
well
_______________________________________________(尽管在中国只待了一年).
12).
__________________________/_____________________________(虽然生病了),he
went
to
school
as
usual.
3.
P62
Over
the
years,
the
system
developed
into
different
forms,
as
it
was
a
time
when
people
were
divided
geographically,
leading(which
led)
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
在多年的发展历程中，因为在那段时间里人们在地理上是分开的，这就造成了方言和文字的多样化。
variety
n.
[C]
(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；
[单数](同一事物的)不同种类，多种样式
[UC]
变化；多样性
vary
vi.
改变；相异
vary
in...在某方面不同
vary
with...随..变化而变化
vary
from...to..
从..到...不同
various
adj.各种各样的
a
(wide)
variety
of/varieties
of
各种各样的...
13).
无论在过去，现在还是将来，时间不会随着世界的发展而变化。
whether
it
is
in
the
past,
at
present,
or
in
the
future,
time
will
not
____________________________________
14).
各种各样的花在街上展出了，人们蜂拥而至。
___________________________
flowers
were
on
show
in
the
street,
and
people
came
in
great
numbers.
P62
Written
Chinese
has
also
become
an
important
means
by
which
China’s
present
is
connected
with
its
past.
汉字书写也成为连接中国的过去与现在的一种重要手段。
means
n.
[C]
方式，方法，途径
常见搭配：
by
this
means=________________
用这种方法
by
means
of...借助...手段/方法
by
no
means=at
no
time/in
no
way/in
no
case/under
no
circumstances
______________________
by
all
means
一定；
当然可以，没问题（常用作交际用语）
a
means
of
(doing)
sth.
一种做某事的方法
15).
Television
is
_____________________________________________(一种有效的通讯方式)
communication.
16).
My
experience
shows
that
we
should
not
be
afraid
of
losing
face,
____________________________________
__________________________________________________只有用这种方法，你才会取得进步。（倒装句）
5.
P62
As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs,
an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China’s
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角
色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
appreciate
vt.
欣赏，赏识；感激，感谢
appreciation
n.
[U]
欣赏；感激
appreciative
adj.
感激的
appreciate
sb.
doing
sth.
感激(某人)做某事
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could.../I
would
be
grateful
if
you
could...如果你能...的话，我将不胜感激。
17).
I
would
appreciate
you
calling
back
this
afternoon.(改写)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
18).
我想向那些在我遇到困难时总是及时给予帮助和鼓励的人表达我的感激之情。
I’d
like
to
________________________________
to
those
___________________________________________
when
I’m
______________________.
6.
P62
That
writing
system
was
of
great
importance
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化非常重要。
“of
+名词”
结构:
此结构用来说明句子主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征，常见名词有color,
size,
age,
height,
weight,
shape,
type,
kind,
price,
quality等，名词前可用different,
the
same等来修饰。
拓展：be
of
+n.=be
adj.
be
helpful/helpless=be
of
(no)
help
有帮助的/没帮助的
be
useful/useless=be
of
(no)
use
有用的/没用的
be
valuable=be
of
value有价值的，宝贵的
be
beneficial
=
be
of
(no)
benefit
有益处的/没益处的
be
significant=be
of
significance有重大意义
19).
Their
products
are
_______________________(质量[quality]好)
and
sold
all
over
the
country.
20).
The
twins
___________________________(身高相同的)
are
different
in
weight.
21).
The
discovery
of
the
new
drug
is
________________________(很重要)
to
people
who
______________(患...病)
heart
trouble.
7.
P62
Even
today,
no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak,
they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。
“no
matter
+
特殊疑问词”
引导让步状语从句表“无论...，不管...”,可以改写成”疑问词+ever”.
whoever(anyone
who)/whichever/whatever(anything
that)引导名词性从句时(表从；定从；主从；同从)
22).
__________________________________________________(无论谁求助于他),
he
is
always
ready
to
help.
23).
_________________________________________________(你说什么都是对的).
24).
_______________________________（不管我女儿做什么）,
I
support
her.
25).
___________________________________________(任何一个先到教室的人)turn
on
the
lights.
8.
When
I
started
studying
German,
it
was
a
struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，这很难。
struggle
n.
[单数]
难事
[C]
斗争，努力
It
is
(not)
a
struggle
to
do
sth.
做...（不）是件难事。
struggle
vi.
奋斗，努力；斗争；争夺；挣扎脱身
struggle
to
do
sth.
努力做...
struggle
with/against...和...斗争
struggle
for...为...奋斗/斗争
struggle
to
one’s
feet
挣扎着站起来
26).
My
father
____________________________________(努力养一个大家庭)
on
a
very
low
income
many
years
ago.
27).
语境串记：我们的一生都在为成功而奋斗，然而，让每天都有意义并非易事。当我们一次次失败时，放弃的想法萦绕心头。但对鲜花和掌声的渴望告诉我们，在困难面前跌倒时，要挣扎着站起来（继续奋斗）。
We
________________________
success
all
our
life;
however,
it
is
_____________
to
make
every
day
meaningful.
The
__________(think)
of
giving
up
haunts
us
when
we
fail
again
and
again,
but
the
desire
________
flowers
and
applause
tells
us
___________________________
when
we
fall
over
before
trouble.
9.
P64
It
was
exercise
for
the
brain;
the
more
I
learnt
of
a
language,
the
more
my
brain
would
grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼；一门语言我了解得越多，我的大脑就越得到成长。
“the
+比较级(+主语+谓语),
the
+比较级(+主语+谓语)
表“（...）越...（...）就越...”
28).
一个人越博学(learned),
他往往变得越谦虚(modest).
___________________
a
man
is,
____________________
he
usually
becomes.
29).
人们认为，工作越努力，得到的结果越好。
__________________________________________
you
work,
_________________________
you’ll
get.
P66
...our
relationship
is
close
and
we’re
equals,
so
I
only
need
a
few
words
t
bridge
the
gap
between
us.
...我们的关系很亲密，而且我们是同等的人，因此我只需说几个字，就能消除我们之间的距离。
equal
n.
______________
adj.
相等的，相同的；平等的；胜任的(be
equal
to)
equally
adv.
平等地；同样地
equality
n.
平等，相等
unequal
adj.
不相等的，不平等的
30).
语境串记：All
men
are
born
___________,
so
everyone
hopes
to
be
treated
__________
because
__________
is
the
essential(基本的)
demand.
31).
In
terms
of(按照)
working
experience
and
ability,
I
believe
Tom
__________________
the
job.
11.
P66
...I
must
make
it
a
question,
not
a
demand,
e.g.,
“Could
you
open
the
window,
please?”
而且我必须以问题的形式说，不能用命令的口气，比如“请问，你能开下窗户吗？”。
demand
n.
[C]
(坚决的)要求，所需之物
[U]
(顾客的)要求，需要
vt.
强烈要求；需要
demanding
adj.
苛求的，要求高的
a/the
demand
for...对...的需求/要求
in
demand
有需求的，受欢迎的
meet/satisfy
one’s
demands
(for...)
满足某人(对...)的需求/要求
demand
to
do
sth.要求做某事
make
the
demand
that.../demand
that.../It
is
demanded
that...
提出...的要求(虚拟语气)
32).
老师要求学生按时上课。（一句多译：动词和名词的各种用法）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
33).
As
a
________________(demand)
child,
John
made
every
effort
to
do
whatever
he
intended
to
do.
12.
Does
each
sentence
relate
to
the
main
idea?
每句话都与主旨有关吗？
relate
to
与...相关，涉及；谈到（相当于_____________）
related
adj.
相关的，有联系的
in
relation
to
关于
relate
vt.
把..联系起来，使有联系；讲述，叙述
relate
sth.
to
sb.
向某人叙述某事
relate
A
to
B
把A和B联系起来
be
related
to
..与...有关/有联系
34).
You
should
write
down
all
the
information
____________________(和...相关的)
the
problem.
Unit
5
Building
up
your
vocabulary
词汇讲练参考答案：
指的是；和...相关；提及；涉及；参考；查阅
1）参考；
2）与...相关
3）提到
4）查阅
5).
referred
to
6)
look
up
7)
refer
to
my
notes
2.
虽然，尽管，不管，不顾
9).
studying
hard
10).
the
rain
11).
despite
the
fact
that
she
has
been
in
China
for
only
one
year.
12).
Though
he
was
ill/Despite
his
illness,
3.
13).
vary
with
the
development
of
the
world
14).
A
wide
variety
of
4.
in
this
way;
绝不
15).
an
effective
means
of
16).
Only
in
this
way/by
this
means
will
you
make
progress
5.
17).
I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
call
back
this
afternoon.
18).
express
my
appreciation，
who
give
timely
help
and
encouragement
when
I’m
in
trouble.
6.
19).
of
high/good
quality
20).
of
the
same
height
21).
of
great/vital
importance,
suffer
from
7.
22).
No
matter
who/Whoever
asks
him
for
help
23).
Whatever
you
say/Anything
that
you
say
is
right
24).
No
matter
what/Whatever
my
daughter
does
25).
Whoever/Anyone
who
reaches
the
classroom
first
8.
26).
struggled
to
support
a
big
family
27).
struggle
for,
a
struggle;
thought;
for;
to
struggle
to
our
feet
9.
28).
The
more
leaned;
the
more
modest
29).
It
is
believed
that
the
harder;
the
better
result
10.
相等的人；相等物
30).
equally,
equally;
equality
31).
is
equal
to
11.
32).
The
teacher
made
the
demand
that
students
(should)
attend
class
on
time.
The
teacher
demanded
that
students
(should)
attend
class
on
time.
The
teacher
demanded
students
to
attend
class
on
time.
33).
demanding
12.
refer
to
34).
related
to/referring
to