句子种类（按功能分）
班级：
姓名：
句子种类
1.
按功能（使用目的和语气）可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
2.
按结构可分为三类：简单句（6种句型）、并列句、复合句（从句）。
考点一.陈述句
1.定义：用来陈述一个事实或表达一种观点的句子；分为肯定和否定两种形式，句末用句点“.”；
肯定句，
一般读
(升/降调？），疑问句
一般读
(升/降调？）。
例句：The
epidemic(疫情)
is
serious
around
the
world.
There
are
more
and
more
patients
now.
It
is
important
for
us
to
stay
at
home,
although
it
is
not
easy.
We
can’t
go
outside
without
wearing
masks
during
the
COVID-19.
在新冠疫情期间我们不能不戴口罩出门。
2.常用的将肯定句改为否定句的方法：
（1）谓语动词是be，完成时中的have/has/had或情态动词(can,will等)时，在它们之后加not构成否定式
He
is
a
doctor.
He
has
been
to
Italy.
He
will
come
back
in
a
week.
（2）谓语中只有行为动词，则在其前加助动词do
(第三人称单数形式用does，过去式用did)，再加not构成否定式，原来的行为动词变原形。
He
has
a
book.
He
went
to
Italy.
考点二：疑问句
用来询问
类别
结构
例句
1.一般疑问句(常用Yes
/
No回答)
be动词
/
助动词
/
情态动词＋主语＋谓语动词原形＋其他？
—Will
she
go？—
（肯定回答）—
（否定回答）
2.
特殊疑问句(以特殊疑问词wh-或
h-开头)
特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句？
--How
many
advantages
are
mentioned
in
the
passage？
--
(3个优点)
3.
选择疑问句(不用Yes
/
No回答，而要用完整的句子回答)
（1）一般疑问句＋A
or
B？
—Do
most
young
men
like
popular
music
or
rock
music？--
(答对即可)
（2）特殊疑问句，+A
or
B？
—Which
do
most
young
men
like，
popular
music
or
rock
music？
--
(答对即可)
4.反意疑问句
回答----yes、no搭配不变。
例如Yes,
I
do.
（1）肯定陈述句，+
be动词
/
助动词
/
情态动词
+not
+主语
？He
dislikes
it,
he?
—He
went
to
Italy，didn’t
he？—
不，他去了。
是的，他没有去。
前肯后否恰相反，否定副词代词要留心，否定前缀不能算。回答全凭事实定。
（2）否定陈述句，+
be动词
/
助动词
/
情态动词＋主语
？He
knew
nothing
about
it,
？
—He
didn’t
go
to
Italy，did
he？—
不，他去了。
是的，他没有去---There
is
little
milk
in
the
fridge,
is
there?--
（是几乎没有牛奶。）
（3）祈使句，+will
you
/
won’t
you？
—Give
me
a
hand，will
you/won’t
you？—
不，我会。
是的，我不会。
（4）Let’s+其它，shall
we？
Let’s
go
to
the
park，
？
（5）Let
us+其它，will
you？
Let
us
go
to
the
park，
？
基本原则
基本原则：反义疑问句构成----前肯后否，前否后肯。表达意义几乎一致，只是形式不同。反义疑问句回答----yes、no搭配不变，翻译变yes”不”，no
“是”。
注意事项
当陈述部分有never，seldom,
hardly，few，little，barely,
scarcely,
nothing，none,
rarely
，no,
not,
no
one,
nobody,
neither等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句为肯定形式
考点三：祈使句
定义：表命令、请求、建议等的句子,
句末通常用“.”
或“！”。
其前省略主语you
特征：以动词原形开头，
否定形式在句子前面加Don’t
/
never
；let
sb
do；名字+”，”动词原形开头
构成
例句
1.
以动词原形开头
请关灯。
让我们行动起来吧！
2.名字+”，”+祈使句
Tom,
请把相机递给我。递pass；
3.
Don’t+动词原形
不要浪费水。
4.
Never＋动词原形
永不放弃。
5.
No＋名词或动名词
禁止泊车/丢垃圾。
考点四：感叹句
1.定义：用以表喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。用what或how引导(此时what/how意为“么”)，句末用“！”口语中也可以用such/so
2.感叹句的引导词what和how的选用：
第一步：先去掉
“主谓+其他”部分。如果没有主谓，直接第二步
第二步:判定句末最后一个词的词性。若是名词，一般用what；若是冠词+可数名词单数，则用how。若是形容词或副词，则用how。（what引导，核心词是名词；How引导，核心词是形容词或副词）
类别
结构
例句
1.
what引导
(1)What＋a
/
an＋形容词＋可数名词单数形式＋主语＋谓语！
slow
train
(it
is)!
enjoyable
experience
(it
was)！
(2)What＋形容词＋可数名词复数形式或不可数名词＋主语＋谓语
clever
boys
(they
are)！
nice
weather
(it
is)！
2.
how引导
(1)How＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语！
nice
(it
was)！
well
the
girl
plays！
(2)How＋主语＋谓语！
I
missed
you！
he
wished
for
a
drink！
(3)How＋形容词＋
a
/
an＋
可数名词单数形式＋主语＋谓语！
slow
a
train
(this
is)！
enjoyable
an
experience
(it
was)！
3.常考感叹句
(1)
(2)
great
progress
he
made!
(3)
good
weather
it
is!
(4)
great
fun
it
is!
(5)
funny
it
is！
(6)
big
success
it
is!
(7)
big
surprise
it
is!
(8)
exciting
news
it
is!
(9)
honest
boy
he
is!
(10)
exciting
the
news
is!
(11)
honest
a
boy
he
is！
(12)
good
news！
(13)
exciting
the
news
is！
(14)
pity/shame！
(15)
great
knowledge
you
have！
句子种类（按结构分）
按结构可分为三类：简单句（6种句型）、并列句、复合句（从句）。
考点一：简单句，
特征：一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。
1.1
There
be（am/is/are/was/were）...“某地有...”，谓语动词“就近原则”
There
a
pen
and
two
books
on
the
desk.
There
two
books
and
a
pen
on
the
desk.
There
a
temple
on
top
of
the
mountain
3
years
ago.
1.2将来时There
will
be（原形）...或There
is/are
going
to
be...
There
a
football
match
next
month.
类别
例句
主语＋不及物动词
(S＋Vi)
(S＋Vi+介词+O)
谁在乎呢？
太阳从东方升起。
2.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语
(S＋Vt＋O)
我们学习英文。
3.
主语＋系动词＋表语（即形容词）
(S＋Vt＋P)
他很诚实。
4.
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
(S＋Vt＋indirect
O＋direct
O)
妈妈给我买了一个礼物。(1)
（2）
5.
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(S＋Vt＋O＋OC)
他发现那只狗死了。
6.主语+谓语+副词(程度/地点/时间)
他学习很努力。
在母亲节，我送给妈妈一些花。
2.
读写句子原则：先看时态和结构，再看人称
注意：主系表结构中，能做系动词的是以下三类系动词：
1.表示特征或状态的：be，
感官系动词（look，
feel，
smell，
taste，
sound），
seem，
appear（出现)，
turn
out（结果是、证明是）等
例The
silk
dress
feels
soft.
这条丝绸裙子摸起来很柔软。
2.表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化：become，
get，
grow，
turn，
fall，
go，
come，
run等。
例
He
becomes/gets
interested
in
English.
他(变得)对英语感兴趣了。
go
bad
变质，变坏
3.表示保持状态，均可翻译成“保持”keep，
remain，
continue，stay等。
例
Keep
quiet！保持安静！
She
remains
silent.
他保持沉默。
keep/stay
a
healthy
lifestyle
保持健康的生活习惯。
考点二：并列句
and，or构成
1.
It’s
important
for
us
to
have
a
balanced
diet
exercise
regularly
every
day
to
keep
healthy.
2.
You
can
stay
at
home
go
to
the
cinema
at
weekends.
考点三：复合句(宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句)
1.
宾语从句：由句子做宾语，考察连接词、语序、时态等。
（1）从句是陈述句时，引导词用that(从句不缺少任何时态，
that
无实际意义，只起到连接作用，一般可以省，若that前有except/in/but/besides则that不能省。
My
teacher
tells
us
it's
everyone's
duty/responsibility
to
.
我的老师告诉我们保护环境是每一个地球人的责任。
I
knew
nothing
about
him
except
he
was
from
the
south.除了知道他来自南方，我们对他一无所知。
（2）从句是一般疑问句时，引导词用whether(or
not)
/if
,翻译成”是否”，在从句中不做任何成分,从句是陈述语序。
I
wonder
he
will
offer
a
helping
hand
to
the
poor.
He
wondered
e-books
would
replace/take
the
place
of
paper
books
or
not.
They
don’t
know
or
not
they
will
come.
（3）从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用相应的疑问代词(who,
what,which,whatever等,做主语)或疑问副词(where，when，how，why做状语)，从句用陈述语序。
主句+疑问词+从句
I
don’t
know
to
do.
I
I
don’t
know
to
do
it.
I
want
to
know
CTM
is
so
popular
among
foreigners.
（4）宾语从句时态（从句时态一般根据主句时态而定）
He
says
that
China
(win）
this
battle
at
last.
“将会”(适用性原则：主现从意，即主句现在时，从句时态根据句意定)
He
said
that
China
(win)
this
battle
at
last.“将会”(呼应性原则：主过从过，即主句过去时，从句相应过去时)
Ms
Xie
said
that
the
earth
（move）around
the
sun.(特殊性原则，从真从现)
Could
you
tell
me
when
we
(can)
go
to
school?（could
you
tell委婉语，表征求意见，不是过去时态）
（5）当主句和从句主语一致时：主句+疑问词+主语+谓语
可以变为疑问词+to
do
I
don't
know
what
I
should
do.
I
don't
know
.
She
doesn't
know
how
she
uses
it.
She
doesn't
know
.
（6）语序不变的特殊情况(连接词在从句中做主语)：I
don’t
know
.（我不知道他怎么了)
Could
you
tell
me
what
happened
to
him?
Could
you
tell
me
which
one
is
right?
(7)
主句谓语为think，believe，guess，suppose，expect等，且主句主语是第一人称
I/
We，从句的否定转移到主句，即否定前移。
我认为他不能解决这个问题。
讲义答案：
句子种类（按功能分）
考点一：
降
升
He
isn’t
a
doctor.
He
hasn’t
been
to
Italy
He
won’t
come
back
in
a
week.
考点二：
1.
Yes,
she
will
No,
she
won’t
2.
Three
3.
Rock
music/
popular
music
4.
(1)Does
Yes,
he
did
No,he
didn’t
5.
(2)did
he
Yes,
he
did
No,he
didn’t
No
,there
isn’t
(3)
Yes,
I
will
No,
I
won’t
(4)shall
we
will
you
考点三：
1.
Turn
off
the
lights
let’s
do
it
2.
Tom
,pass
me
the
camera.
3.
Don’t
waste
water
4.
Never
give
up
5.
No
parking/littering
考点四：
1.what
a
what
what
what
2.
How
How
How
How
How
How
3.What
What
What
How
What
a
What
a
What
What
an
How
How
What
How
What
a
句子种类（按结构分）
考点一：
1.
is
are
was
will
be
will
be
2.Who
care?
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
We
learn
English
He
is
very
honest.
My
mom
bought
a
gift
for
me.
He
found
that
dog
dead.
He
studies
very
hard.
I
send
some
flowers
to
my
mom
on
Mothers’
Day.
考点二；
and
or
考点三：
（1）
That
to
protect
environment.
That
（2）
Whether
whether
whether
（3）
What
how
why
（4）
Will
win
would
win
moves
could
（5）
What
to
do
how
to
do
it
（6）
What’s
wrong
with
you
（7）
I
don’t
think
he
can
solve
this
problem.
（8）句子种类
班级
姓名
1、选择题
(
)1.
—What's
the
matter,
Jenny?
—______something
wrong
with
my
bike.
A.
It
has
B.
I
have
C.
It
is
D.
There
is
(
)2.
Mary
and
Tom
______
have
any
basketballs,
so
they
want
to
buy
one.
A.don't
B.
doesn't
C.
isn't
D.
aren't
(
)3.
—______is
your
father?
—He's
an
engineer
in
a
big
factory.
A.
Who
B.
What
C.
Which
D.
Where
(
)4.
—______
is
it
from
your
home
to
school?
—It's
about
10
kilometers
by
car.
A.
How
far
B.
How
long
C.
How
soon
D.
How
often
(
)5.
—______
do
you
go
to
Mrs.Rainbow's
colour
therapy?
—Once
every
two
weeks.
A.
How
often
B.
How
soon
C.
How
long
D.
How
far
(
)6.
Boys
and
girls,
______
learning
and
have
fun.
A.keep
B.
to
keep
C.
keeping
D.
kept
(
)7.
______carefully,
please!
Look
at
the
road
sign.
There
is
a
school
ahead.
A.
Drive
B.
To
drive
C.
Driving
D.
Drives
(
)8.
David,
______
make
trouble
at
school.
A.
can't
B.
never
C.
doesn't
D.
do
(
)9.
—______
sweet
song
it
is！
—Yeah.
It's
My
Heart
Will
Go
On
sung
by
Celine
Dion.
A.
How
B.
How
a
C.
What
a
D.
What
(
)10.
I'd
like
to
have
some
more
soup.
______
delicious
it
is！
A.
What
B.
What
a
C.
How
D.
How
a
(
)11.
—______fine
weather
it
is
today！
Let's
go
out
and
enjoy
the
sunshine！
—Sounds
great！
A.
What
B.
How
C.
How
a
D.
What
a
(
)12.
There
______
a
dog
and
three
pigs
sleeping
in
front
of
my
house
last
night.
A.is
B.
was
C.
are
D.
were
(
)13.
My
brother
is
so
funny
and
he
always
______
me
happy.
A.makes
B.
made
C.
let
D.
lets
(
)14.
The
man
is
my
teacher.
He
______
us
English
this
year.
A.
has
B.
have
C.
teaches
D.
teach
(
)15.
When
I
got
home,
I
found
my
pet
cat
______.
A.
sleep
B.
sleeping
C.
slept
D.
to
sleep
(
)16.
Yesterday
afternoon,
Jack
______
kites
in
the
park
with
his
friends.
A.
flew
B.
flies
C.
flying
D.
to
fly
(
)17.
I
want
to
know
______
he
still
lives
here
after
so
many
years.
A.
whether
B.
where
C.
what
D.
when
(
)18.
—It's
so
late.
Why
not
write
the
report
tomorrow？
—But
I
don't
know
______
I
can
do
it
if
not
now.
A.
why
B.
when
C.
how
D.
where
(
)19.
—Mr.
Wang，could
you
tell
me
how
long
______
the
magazines？
—For
almost
ten
days.
A.
I
can
borrow
B.
can
I
borrow
C.
I
can
keep
D.
can
I
keep
(
)20.
—Could
you
tell
me
______？
—Talking
about
festivals.
A.
how
they
are
playing
B.
what
they
are
doing
C.
where
they
are
going
D.
why
they
are
practicing
二、小语篇特训
Lan,
a
student
of
Grade
Seven
from
Shanxi
was
taking
a
drawing
class.Guess
1.____she
drew—a
house
with
wings(翅膀).When
the
teacher
asked
2._____she
drew
that,
Lan
said
if
her
house
3._____fly,
it
wouldn’t
fall
down
in
an
earthquake.?
(
)1.A.that
B.what
C.how
D.where
(
)2.A.why
B.how
C.that
D.whether
(
)3.A.can
B.could
C.may
D.might
三、语法选择
A
Chinese
sci-fi(科幻)movie,
The
Wandering
Earth,
sweeps
all
over
the
country.
In
1.
movie,
based
on(基于)
a
short
story
by
Chinese
sci-fi
writer
Liu
Cixin,
who
is
famous
for
his
novel
The
Three-Body
Problem,
the
Earth
is
in
danger
of
being
destroyed(被毁灭)
by
the
dying
sun.So
humans
around
the
world
work
together
2.
a
huge
engine(引擎)
system
that
will
push
the
Earth
away
from
the
sun.
Instead
of(而不是)
leaving
the
Earth
alone,
this
time
we’re
taking
3.
with
us.The
whole
trip
is
expected
to
last
2,500
years,
during
which
time
humans
will
go
through
100
generations(代).
However,
who
4.
the
world??
For
thousands
of
years,
“homeland”
5.
a
soft
place
in
the
hearts
and
minds
of
Chinese
people.
One
old
idiom(成语)is
luoyeguigen,
which
means
returning
to
one’s
homeland
in
old
age,
like
fallen
6.
returning
to
the
roots
of
their
tree.It
shows
7.
Chinese
people
have
had
deep
feelings
for
their
homeland.?
The
movie
was
put
on
8.
Feb.5,
the
first
day
of
Chinese
New
Year.
It
was
a
time
when
many
people
had
just
made
the
hard
journey
back
to
their
hometowns.So
to
them,
9.
only
one
possible
way
to
tell
the
story:
the
Earth
goes
wherever
humans
go,
because
it’s
our
home.
More
10.
,
The
Wandering
Earth
is
the
first
“made
in
China”
sci-fi
movie
on
the
big
screen(屏幕).The
writer,
Liu
Cixin
and
the
director,
Guo
Fan
are
both
Chinese.?
(
)1.A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
(
)2.A.build
B.building
C.built
D.to
build
(
)3.A.it
B.its
C.they
D.them
(
)4.A.save
B.saves
C.saved
D.will
save
(
)5.A.has
B.have
had
C.will
have
D.has
had
(
)6.A.leaf
B.leaves
C.flower
D.flowers
(
)7.A.that
B.how
C.when
D.whether
(
)8.A.in
B.on
C.at
D.with
(
)9.A.there
is
B.there
are
C.there
has
D.there
have
(
)10.A.important
B.importantly
C.importance
D.unimportant
4、阅读
配对阅读。左栏是五个人的健康烦恼，右栏是一些健康建议，请为左栏的每个人选择合适的建议。
(
)11.
Mary
has
so
much
work
and
has
to
stay
up
until
midnight
this
week.
Then
she
finds
it
hard
to
fall
asleep
after
a
long
night’s
work.(
)12.
Little
Jimmy
has
a
toothache.
The
tooth
aches
even
worse
when
he
drinks
cold
water
or
hot
soup.
He
cannot
sleep
because
of
the
ache.(
)13.
Susan
easily
gets
tired
these
days.
It
seems
she
has
lost
interest
in
many
things,
even
meeting
friends.
She
doesn’t
know
what
is
wrong
with
her.(
)14.
Michael’s
back
aches
and
even
his
neck
feels
a
little
painful.
He
thinks
maybe
it
has
something
to
do
with
his
work
as
a
writer.(
)15.
John
finds
something
wrong
with
his
eyes.
He
has
trouble
seeing
stars
on
a
clear
night
or
walking
through
a
dark
room,
such
as
a
movie
theater.
A.
If
you
don’t
take
in
enough
Vitamin
A,
you
may
find
it
hard
to
see
clearly
in
the
dark.
Eating
carrots
may
help
deal
with
this
problem.
Lack
of
vitamin
A
affects
the
body’s
growth
or
even
cause
night
blindness.B.
Don’t
eat
too
much
candies
or
chocolate.
Do
remember
to
brush
your
teeth
after
meals
for
stronger
teeth.
However,
you
should
see
a
dentist
first
as
there
has
already
been
something
wrong
with
your
teeth.C.
Go
to
see
a
dentist
once
or
twice
every
year.
Even
if
you
don’t
have
a
toothache,
you
should
still
have
a
tooth
check.
Some
dentists
may
advise
you
to
have
your
teeth
washed
once
a
year.D.
Don’t
drink
too
much
coffee
or
tea
before
going
to
bed.
Drink
water
instead.
If
this
problem
cannot
be
solved,
you
may
go
to
see
a
doctor.
E.
Get
up
early
and
do
some
exercise
like
running
or
swimming
every
day.
Some
days
later，
you
will
find
yourself
full
of
energy
and
become
active
again.F.
Don’t
watch
too
much
TV
or
play
computer
games
for
too
long.
Get
your
eyes
some
rest
every
40
or
50
minutes.
Stop
using
your
mobile
phone
too
often.
G.
Do
not
sit
for
too
long
a
time.
Do
not
work
in
front
of
the
computer
all
day
long.
It
is
bad
for
your
neck
and
your
back
and
it
will
also
hard
for
you
to
lose
weight.
句子种类
答案
1、
选择题
1—5
DABAA
6---10
AABCC
11---15
ABACB
16---20
AABCB
2、
小语篇特训
BAB
3、
语法选择
1—5
CDADD
6—10
BABAB
4、
阅读
DBEGA
