Unit 2 Colour 语法——宾语从句详解及练习（含答案)

牛津英语9A
Unit2
语法--宾语从句详解和练习
一．定义：
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
e.g.?We
know?that
Mr.
Green
teaches
English.
I
am
glad
that
you
can
come
for
dinner.
二：在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that
(that
常可省略),whether,
if
代词：who,
whose,
what
,which
副词：when
,where,
how,
why
等。
that引导的宾语从句
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say,
think,
insist,
wish,
hope,
demand,
imagine,
wonder,
know,
suppose,
see,
believe,
agree,
admit,
deny,
expect,
explain,
order,
command,
feel,
dream,
suggest,
hear,
mean,
notice,
prefer,
request,
require,
propose,
declare,
report等。
例句：The
boy
believes
that
he
will
travel
through
space
to
other
planets.
注意事项：
①：当主句谓语动词是
think,
believe,
suppose,
expect
等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I
don’t
think
it
is
right
for
him
to
treat
you
like
that.:
②：在以下情况中不能省略
当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。:
例句：He
said
(that)
you
were
too
young
to
understand
the
matter
and
that
he
was
asked
not
to
tell
you.
③：当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。　
例句：Just
then
I
noticed,
for
the
first
time,
that
our
master
was
wearing
his
fine
green
coat
and
his
black
silk
cap.
④：当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。　
例句：I
can’t
tell
him
that
his
mother
died.
⑤：注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I
find
it
necessary
that
we
should
do
the
homework
on
time.
2.由whether,if
引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I
wonder
whether(if)
they
will
come
to
our
party.
注意事项：只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
①：在带to的不定式前　例句：We
decided
whether
to
walk
there.
②：在介词的后面　例句：I’m
thinking
of
whether
we
should
go
to
see
the
film.
③：在动词discuss和decide后面的宾语从句时　
例句：We
discussed
whether
we
had
a
sports
meeting
next
week
④：直接与or
not连用时(此点考查频率较高)　
例句：I
can’t
say
whether
or
not
they
can
come
on
time.
注意事项：只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
①：if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He
asked
if
I
didn’t
come
to
school
yesterday.
三：连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,
say,
tell,
ask,
answer,
know,
decide,
show,
find
out,
imagine,
suggest,
doubt,
wonder,
discover,
understand,
inform,
advise等。
英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
例句：Can
you
tell
me
whom
you
are
waiting
for?
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None
of
us
knows
where
these
new
parts
can
be
bought.
四．宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：I
believe
that
they
will
come
soon.
He
asked
me
whether
I
was
a
teacher.
They
wanted
to
know
what
they
can
do
for
us.
五．宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例：
She
says
that
she
is
a
student.
She
said
that
she
was
a
student.
She
says
that
she
will
fly
to
Japan
in
a
week.
She
said
that
she
would
fly
to
Japan
in
a
week..
注意：如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
He
told
me
that
Japan
is
an
island
country.
注意事项：Could
you
tell
me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could
you
tell
me
when
we
will
visit
the
History
Museum
专项练习
1.
—
The
match
is
so
exciting.
The
opposite
team
is
really
strong.
—
You’re
right.
But
I
am
sure
____
our
team
will
win!
A.
if
B.
that
C.
whether
D.
why
2.－I’m
not
sure
______
you
eat
vegetables
every
day.
－Everybody
knows
______
they
are
good
for
health,
so
I
eat
them
every
day.
A.
if;
that
B.
that;
if
C.
that;
that
D.
if;
if
3.The
film
shows
us______
life
was
like
in
Beijing
in
the
past.
A.
what
everyday
B.
what
every
day
C.
how
everyday
D,
how
every
day
4.______to
have
the
meeting_____
yet.
A.
If;
isn't
decided
B.
When;
hasn't
been
decided
C.
Whether;
isn't
decided
D.
How;
hasn't
decided
5.
—Could
you
tell
me
_____________?
—Of
course.
Go
straight
ahead
and
you'll
see
it's
just
opposite
the
museum.
A.
how
can
I
get
to
the
nearest
bus
station
B.
where
the
nearest
flower
shop
was
C.
how
I
could
get
to
the
nearest
bookshop
D.
which
is
the
way
to
the
nearest
Bank
of
China
6.-
I
don't
know
if
Dad
________
tonight.
If
he
_________,
I
will
call
you.
A.
comes
back;
will
come
back
B.
will
come
back;
comes
back
C.
comes
back;
comes
back
D.
will
come
back;
will
come
back
7.
Which
of
the
following
sentences
is
RIGHT?
A.
I’m
not
sure
that
he
will
give
back
the
money.
B.I
don’t
know
what
the
matter
is
with
her
C.
He
asked
me
if
or
not
I
wanted
to
play
D.
Could
you
tell
me
which
is
the
way
to
the
park?
8.
I’d
like
to
know
________
next
week.
A.
whether
will
he
come
B.
whether
he
will
come
C.
if
will
he
come
D.
if
he
comes
9.
Catherine?said?that?she?___?to?Guangzhou.?
A.?has?never?gone????
??B.?had?never?gone??????
C.?has?never?been???
D.?had?never?been?
10.Our
Geography
teacher
told
us
that
the
earth_________
the
sun.
A.
went
around
B.
goes
around
C.is
going
around
D.
was
going
around
11.一What
did
Max
just
say
to
you?
—He
asked
me_________
.
A.
if
I
would
like
to
go
skating
B.when
did
I
buy
this
CD
C.
where
I
will
spend
the
weekend
D.
that
I
had
a
good
time
12.?He?asked?____.?
A.?what?wrong?with?his?was?radio????
?B.?what?his?radio?was?wrong?with??
C.?what?wrong?with?his?radio?was?????
D.?what?was?wrong?with?his?radio?
二、用that，if或whether填空，完成下列句子。
1.
Mary
thinks
_______________
it
is
a
good
idea
to
bring
an
umbrella.
2.
Many
people
believe
________________
colours
can
change
their
moods.
3.
I
don’t
know
________________
she
can
play
the
piano
or
not.
4.
I
hope
________________
the
teacher
will
help
me
with
the
project.
5.
He
thought
________________
we
should
start
earlier.
6.
—John,
would
you
like
to
go
camping
with
me
this
afternoon?
—I’d
like
to,
but
I’m
not
sure
________________
my
parents
will
agree.
7.
I’m
not
good
at
English,
and
I
wonder
________________
or
not
I
can
pass
the
English
test.
8.
I
believe
________________
I
have
made
a
wise
decision,
so
I
won’t
change
my
mind.
9.
—I
hope
________________
all
my
dreams
can
come
true.
—If
you
try
your
best,
they
will
surely
be
realized.
10.
—May
I
ask
________________
you
will
come
to
our
party
this
weekend?
—Yes,
I’ll
be
glad
to.
Thanks
for
your
invitation.
参考答案：
一：
BAABD
BDBBB
AD
二：
1.that
2.that
3.whether
4.that
5.that
6.if/whether
7.whether
8.that
9.that
10.whether