中考专区二轮专题语法攻克专题---状语从句（无答案）

状语从句
概述
定义
状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。
位置
状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类
根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用
它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。
状语从句的分类
(1)时间状语从句
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。
when/while/as
(当……时)
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，又可以是瞬时动词。when有时表示“就在那时”。
1.
When
she
came
in,
I
stopped
eating.(瞬时动词)当她进来的时候，我停下吃东西。
2.
When
I
lived
in
the
countryside,
I
used
to
carry
some
water
for
him.(延续性动词）
当我住在乡下的时候，我经常带些水给他。
while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。while有时还可以表示对比。
1.
While
my
wife
was
reading
the
newspaper,
I
was
watching
TV.
(同时发生)
当我妻子在读报纸的时候，我在看电视。
2.
I
like
playing
football
while
you
like
playing
basketball.（对比）
我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。
as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。
1.
We
always
sing
as
we
walk.
(一边……一边)我们总是边唱边走。
2.
As
we
were
going
out,
it
began
to
snow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生）
我们刚一出门就开始下雪了。
before
(在……之前)
before的本意为“在……之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“就/才……”
1.
Make
sure
that
all
the
lights
are
off
before
you
go
to
bed.
睡前确定所有的灯都关上。
2.
You
can’t
watch
TV
before
you
finish
your
homework.写完作业才能看电视。
since
(自从；既然)
表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
1.
It’s
a
long
time
since
I
met
you
last.
好久不见。
2.
Mr.
Green
has
taught
in
that
school
since
he
came
to
China
three
years
ago.
自从三年前来到中国，Mr.
Green就在那所学校教书。
since可以引导原因状语从句；一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。
1.
Since
you
are
free
today,
you
had
better
help
me
with
my
mathematics.既然今天你有时间，最好能帮我补补数学。
till/until(直到)
主句为肯定式，主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词，且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到
until
/
till
从句所表示的时间为止。
1.
He
waited
until/till
I
returned.他会等到我回来。
2.
He
kept
learning
Math
till
his
mother
came
back.
直到他妈妈回来，他一直在学数学。
主句为否定式（包括含no,
nobody,
nothing,
never,
hardly,
little
等否定词的肯定句）一般先译从句“直到……”，后译主句，not译成“才”，即“直到……才……”
1.
He
didn’t
leave
until/till
he
was
asleep.直到他睡着，他才离开。
2.
She
didn’t
sleep
until/till
I
returned.她直到我回来才睡下。
其他：every
time,
each
time,
the
moment/minute,
immediately,
instantly,
directly
(2)结果状语从句
结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的从属连词如下表。
so…that（如此……以至于）
1.
so+adj./adv.+that
2.
so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that
3.so
many/few
+复数可数名词+
that
4.
so
much/little+不可数名词+that
1.
It
was
so
hot
that
we
wanted
to
go
swimming.天如此热以至于我们想去游泳。
2.
The
poor
family
has
so
little
money
that
they
can’t
afford
the
expensive
car.
这个家庭有如此少的钱，以至于买不起这昂贵的车。
such…that（如此……以至于）
1.such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that
2.such+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that
3.such+不可数名词+that
such与a
lot
of
组成固定搭配，此时a
lot
of
为名词性的，只能用such搭配如：such
a
lot
of
people
1.
He
is
such
a
marvelous
joker
that
you
can’t
help
laughing.
他是如此出色的一个段子手，以至你会不禁大笑。
2.
There
are
such
a
lot
of
people
on
the
beach
that
we
have
no
place
to
enjoy
our
holiday.
海滨有如此多的人，以至我们没地度假。
其他：otherwise,
or
else否则
(3)目的状语从句
从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。
so
that
以便……（达到某种目的）
You
must
speak
louder
so
that
you
can
be
heard
by
all.你要大点声说，这样大家就都能听到你了。
in
order
that
为了……
She
got
up
early
in
order
that
she
could
get
to
school
on
time.=She
got
up
early
in
order
to
get
to
school
on
time.
为了能够准时到校，她很早起床。
(4)条件状语从句
if
(如果)
1.由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。
（真实条件句）构成：
1)
主句：一般将来时
从句：一般现在时
2)
主句：祈使句
从句：一般现在时
3)
主句：含情态动词
从句：一般现在时
1.
If
you
ask
him,
he
will
help
you.如果你让他帮忙，他会帮的。
2.
Study
hard,
if
you
want
to
pass
the
exam.如果想通过考试，要努力学习。
3.
I
can
go
with
you
if
you
want.如果你想，我可以跟你走。
2.
if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设；
（非真实条件句）表示与现在事实相反的情况，构成：
从句：if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were)
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
1.
If
I
were
you,
I
would
invite
him
to
the
party.如果我是你，我就会邀请他去派对。
2.
If
I
had
any
money
with
me,
I
could
lend
you
some.如果那会我有钱，我就会借给你。
unless
(除非)
表示强烈的否定；意思上=if
not
翻译为：除非,若不,除非在……的时候；
1.
You
will
fail
unless
you
work
harder.你如果不努力，就会失败。
2.
Don’t
come
unless
I
call
you.除非我叫你，否则不要来。
as
long
as
(只要……就)
as
long
as也表示一种条件，但不是很强烈，是一种假设的条件。
I
will
be
ready
to
help
you
as
long
as
you
need
me.只要你需要，我随时可以帮忙。
其他：providing（that）/
provided（that）/
suppose（that）/supposing（that）
Supposing
he
can’t
come,
who
will
do
the
work?
注意：
1).
unless
从句里的谓语只能是肯定式，因为unless本身表示否定；unless=if
not
Let's
go
out
for
a
walk
unless
you
are
too
tired.
=If
you
are
not
too
tired,
let's
go
out
for
a
walk.
如果你不是很累，我们出去散个步吧。
2).在真实条件句中，主句不能用be
going
to表示将来，该用shall,
will.
If
you
will(愿意)
wait
a
minute,
I’ll
go
and
tell
my
mother
that
you
are
here.
如果你愿意等一分钟，我将去告诉我妈妈你在这里。
3).下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词，而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”
If
you
will
read
the
book,
I
will
lend
it
to
you.如果你愿意读书，我就会借给你。
Will
you
marry
me?
你愿意嫁给我吗？
(5)让步状语从句
1).
让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。
2).
引导让步状语从句的连词有:although,
though,
as,
if,
even
if,
even
though,
while,
whether
(...)
or
not,
whatever,
no
matter
what/how/why
Though
they
are
twin
brothers,
they
don’t
look
like
each
other.尽管他们是双胞胎，但看起来一点都不像。
(6)地点状语从句
where(在…地方)
where引导的地点状语从句，（there+）主句”
“哪里……哪里就……”。
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.有志者事竟成。
You
should
have
put
the
book
where
you
found
it.你应该把书放回原处。
wherever(无论在哪)
anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词，但是常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相当于wherever,
anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。
Wherever
the
sea
is,
you
will
find
seaman.无论海在何处，你都能找到海员。
I’ll
go
anywhere
you
go.我会跟你去任何地方。
(7)原因状语从句
as(既然)
引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。
As
the
weather
is
cold,
I
stay
at
home.既然天很冷，我还是待在家里吧。
As
it
is
raining,
you’d
better
take
a
taxi.既然碗面下着雨，你最好打个车。
since(因为)
引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”），较为正式，语气比because弱。
Since
everybody
is
here,
let's
begin
our
meeting.既然人都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
because(因为)
引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，表述直接原因，语气较强，最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because
of短语互换。
The
woman
prefers
winter
because
she
can
skate.这个女人更喜欢冬天，因为那时她可以滑冰。
for(因为)
引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
He
must
be
ill,
for
he
is
absent
today.他一定是生病了，因为今天他没来。
其他：now
that,
in
case(万一)；
seeing
that
既然，因为，鉴于；considering
that鉴于，考虑到
He
took
a
spoonful(n.满满的一勺)
and
tasted
it
in
case
it
was
hot.
Seeing
that
it
is
ten
o’clock,
we
shall
not
wait
for
her
any
longer.
(8)比较状语从句
than比,
as和...一样
You
sing
better
than
I
do.
I
haven’t
done
as
much
as
I
should
have
liked.我没做得像我希望的那样好。
(9)方式状语从句
as照着...方式；正如
like像…一样;
如同;
好像；
as
if好像…一样,仿佛,似乎
I
am
as
you
can
image
short
of
money.
正如你能想象的那样，我很缺钱。
I
feel
just
like
I
did
when
I
was
a
boy.
I
remember
the
whole
thing
as
if
it
happened
yesterday.
易错点
1.
状语从句的区分和转换
so…that…与…enough
to…的转换
当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可用“enough
to
do
sth.”来转换
The
man
is
so
strong
that
he
can
lift
the
heavy
box.→
The
man
is
strong
enough
to
lift
the
heavy
box.
当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可以用“enough
for
sb.
to
do
sth.”来替换，但注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The
question
is
so
easy
that
I
can
work
it
out.→
The
question
is
easy
enough
for
me
to
work
out.
so...that...与too...to...的转换
当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是否定句时，可以用“too...to...”来替换。
The
girl
is
so
young
that
she
can't
dress
herself.
→
The
girl
is
too
young
to
dress
herself.
当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是否定时，如果要用“too...to...替换“so...that...”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too...for
sb.
to
do
sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The
bag
is
so
heavy
that
she
can't
move
it.
→
The
bag
is
too
heavy
for
her
to
move.
It
is
so
hot
that
we
can't
sleep.
→
It
is
too
hot
for
us
to
sleep.
so...that...与such…that的转换
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。
It’s
such
an
interesting
film
that
we
all
want
to
see
it.
→
It’s
so
interesting
a
film
that
we
all
want
to
see
it.
从用法上看，so后应接形容词或副词，而such后接名词(参见以上例句)。但有时“so+形容词”后还可接一个名词，且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)。试比较：
正：He
is
so
clever
a
child
that
we
all
like
him.这小孩很聪明，我们都喜欢他。
正：They
are
such
clever
children
that
we
all
like
them.
误：They
are
so
clever
children
that
we
all
like
them.
2.
if在宾语从句和状语从句中不同的含义。
在宾语从句中我们说过if在宾语和状语从句中意义不同，宾语从句中意为“是否”，而条件状语从句中作“如果”理解
I
don’t
know
if
they
will
come
tomorrow.
我不知道明天他们会不会来。
If
we
I
get
any
information
about
him,
I
will
tell
you.如果我得到他的任何信息，我都会告诉你。
综合练习
一、选择题
1.John
fell
asleep
_________
he
was
listening
to
the
music.
A.after
B.before
C.while
D.as
soon
as
2.Can
you
play
game
with
us
when
your
homework
_________?
A.is
finished
B.will
finish
C.finish
D.will
be
finished
3.Lin
Shuhao
is
_________
famous
_________
all
the
basketball
fans
in
China
know
him.
A.too;
to
B.enough
to
C.so;
that
D.as;
as
4.Mr.
Green
speaks
very
loudly
_________
all
the
students
can
hear
him
clearly.
A.when
B.so
that
C.because
D.in
order
to
5.You
will
fall
behind
others
_________
you
work
hard.
A.if
B.unless
C.though
D.since
6.We
should
give
the
boy
another
chance
_________
he
has
made
some
mistakes.
A.though
B.when
C.unless
D.because
7.Tom
was
sleeping
_________
his
brother
was
reading
a
magazine.
A.until
B.while
C.before
D.after
8._________
he’s
old,
he
can
still
carry
this
heavy
bag.
A.Though
B.Since
C.For
D.So
9.I
was
late
for
class
yesterday
_________
there
was
something
wrong
with
my
bike.
A.when
B.that
C.until
D.because
10.We
will
stay
at
home
if
my
aunt
_________
to
visit
us
tomorrow.
A.comes
B.come
C.will
come
D.is
coming
11.---Do
you
know
if
he
_________
to
play
basketball
with
us?
---I
think
he
will
come
if
he
_________
free
tomorrow.
A.comes;
is
B.comes;
will
be
C.will
come;
is
D.will
come;
will
be
12.You
should
finish
your
lessons
_________
you
go
out
to
play.
A.before
B.after
C.when
D.while
13.I
hurried
_________
I
wouldn’t
be
late
for
class.
A.since
B.so
that
C.as
if
D.unless
14.When
you
read
the
book,
you’d
better
make
a
mark
_________
you
have
any
questions.
A.which
B.that
C.where
D.though
15._________
well
you
can
drive,
you
must
drive
carefully.
A.So
long
as
B.In
order
that
C.No
matter
how
D.The
moment
16.
In
the
zoo
if
a
child
_____
into
the
water
and
can’t
swim,
the
dolphins
may
come
up
______
him.
A.
will
fall;
to
help
B.
falls;
to
help
C.
will
fall;
help
D.
falls;
helping
17.
The
police
asked
the
children
_______
cross
the
street
________
the
traffic
lights
turned
green.
A.
not;
before
B.
don’t;
when
C.
not
to;
until
D.
not;
after
18.
I’ll
go
swimming
with
you
if
I
________
free
tomorrow.
A.
will
be
B.
shall
be
C.
am
D.
was
19.
In
the
exam,
the
________
you
are,
______
the
_______
mistakes
you
will
make.
A.
careful;
little
B.
more
careful;
fewest
C.
more
careful;
fewer
D.
more
careful;
less
20.
He
took
off
his
coat
_______
he
felt
hot.
A.
because
B.
as
C.
if
D.
since
21.
It
is
______
that
we’d
like
to
go
out
for
a
walk.
A.
a
lovely
day
B.
too
lovely
a
day
C.
so
lovely
a
day
D.
such
lovely
a
day
22.
Mary
had
______
much
work
to
do
that
she
stayed
at
her
office
all
day.
A.
such
B.
so
C.
too
D.
very
23.
_______
I
felt
very
tired,
I
tried
to
finish
the
work.
A.
Although
B.
Because
C.
As
D.
As
if
二、根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。
1.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。
Li
Ming
didn’t
come
to
school
_________
_________
_________
_________.
2.
无论他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。
I
am
not
angry
with
him,
_________
_________
_________
jokes
he
_________
on
me.
3.
布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。
Mrs.
Bruce
was
_________
kind
to
her
students
_________
they
_________
her
_________
their
mother.
4.
只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。
Our
parents
will
be
pleased
with
our
performance
_________
_________
_________
we
try
our
best.
5.
你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？
Will
you
please
call
me
_________
_________
_________
you
get
to
Shanghai?
6.
这个七岁的女孩如此酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。
The
seven-year-old
girl
likes
playing
the
piano
_________
_________
_________
she
has
kept
practicing
for
two
years.
7.
他长大后想当一名记者。
He
wants
to
be
a
journalist
_________
_________
_________
_________.
8.
既然他的腿受伤了，他今天就不能来上学了
_________
_________
_________
his
leg,
he
can’t
get
to
school
today.
9.
如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
to
protecting
the
environment,
the
world
will
become
much
more
beautiful.
10.
虽然她很忙，她还坚持自学英语。
_________
_________
_________
_________,
she
kept
on
learning
English
by
herself.
11.
无论你逃到天涯海角，我都会找到你！
_________
_________
_________
you
go,
I
will
find
you
at
last!