2021-2022学年人教版(2019) 必修二：Unit 4 History and traditions 知识点 课件（48张）

(共47张PPT)
2021-2022学年人教版(2019)
必修二：
Unit
4
History
and
traditions
知识点
课件
break
away
from
从......脱离，逃脱
The
tiger
broke
away
from
the
cage
and
fled
into
the
forest.
老虎从笼子里挣脱出来，逃进了森林。
break其他短语
break
out
break
in
break
off
break
up
break
into
break
down
break
through
战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然发生、爆发
强行进入，打断
断开，停顿，突然中止
破碎，解散，(同某人)绝交
强行闯入，突然开始（笑、唱等）
出故障，（身体）垮掉，(谈判)失败
突破，克服
1
A
quarrel
________________
between
them
because
he
told
lies
to
her.
2
If
George
keeps
on
working
so
hard,
he'll
________________
sooner
or
later.
3
Don't
________________
when
we
are
talking.
Wait
your
turn.
4
The
new
policy
will
encourage
more
people
to
speak
to
the
media
and
____________________
the
tradition
of
“Silence
is
golden”.
broke
out
break
down
break
in
break
away
from
result
in
+doing/n.
导致，造成
The
great
increase
in
tourism
in
recent
years
has
resulted
in
the
construction
of
many
hotels.
近年来旅游业迅猛发展，因此人们兴建了许多旅馆。
Acting
before
thinking
often
results
in
failure.
做事不先考虑常会导致失败。
拓展
result
from
由......造成，+原因
result
in
造成，导致，+结果，=cause/lead
to/bring
about
Sometimes
failure
results
from
carelessness
and
may
result
in
discouragement.
有时候失败是有粗心大意造成的，而且可能会让人沮丧。
as
a
result
结果
as
a
result
of
由于......
without
result
徒劳，毫无结果
belong
to
属于，是......的成员
The
future
belongs
to
the
well-educated.
未来属于受过良好教育的人。
He
belongs
to
the
football
club.
他是足球俱乐部的成员。
注意：
1
belong
to
无被动语态和进行时态
2
belong
to
中to是介词，+名词或代词
3
belong
to可以作后置定语，形式为belonging
to,相当于含belong
to的定语从句。
She
was
upset
that
the
valuable
necklace
belonging
to
her
(=which/that
belongs
to
her)
was
lost
yesterday.
昨天，她那条宝贵的项链丢了，她很伤心。
拓展
1
belong
vi.应在（某处）
It's
a
good
habit
to
teach
children
to
lay
things
where
they
belong
when
they
are
young.
在孩子小的时候叫他们把东西放在应该放的地方是个好习惯。
2
belonging
n.
归属；所有物，财物
When
I
came
here,
I
felt
a
strong
sense
of
belonging.
来到这儿的时候，我有一种强烈的归属感。
Having
sold
most
of
his
blongings,
he
almost
had
nothing
left
in
the
house.
他已经卖掉了大部分的财物，房子里几乎什么都没有留下。
as
well
as
1
连接并列成分，如名词，形容词，动词，介词短语等，意为“和，也；不但...而且...；既......又......”,强调的是as
well
as前的成分（引导两个主语时就前一致；not
only,
but
also
强调后者）。
2
“除......之外”=besides=in
addition
to，+名词或动词ing,
尤其是位于句首时
3
同级比较，“和......一样好”，此时well是副词。
defence
常见搭配：
in
defence
保卫，守护
in
defence
of
为了保卫……
in
sb.’s
defence
为某人辩护
例句：
We
shouldn’t
forget
the
soldiers
who
died
in
defence
of
our
country.
我们不应该忘记那些为保卫祖国而献身的战士。
I
have
to
say
in
her
defence
that
she
knew
nothing
about
it
beforehand.
我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
归纳拓展：
defend
v.
防御，保护；辩解，辩白
defend
sb./sth.
from/against
保卫……免受……
defend
sb.
from/against
针对……为某人辩解
defensive
adj.
防御的，保护的，保卫的
defenceless
adj.
不能自卫的，无防御的
surround
vt.
围绕，环绕，包围
常见搭配:
surround…with…
用……包围……
be
surrounded
by/with
被……包围
例句：
In
ancient
times,
people
surrounded
the
town
with
a
high
wall.
在古代，人们用高墙围住城镇。
Our
house
is
surrounded
by/with
trees,
so
we
can
enjoy
their
shade
in
summer.
我们的房子被树木环抱，所以夏天我们可以在树荫下乘凉。
归纳拓展：
surrounding
adj.
周围的，附近的
surroundings
n.
环境
in…surroundings
在……环境中
Evidence
n.
证据，根据，证明
常见搭配:
There
is
evidence
that…
有证据表明……
例句：
There
is
growing
evidence
that
people
whose
diets
are
rich
in
vitamins
are
less
likely
to
develop
some
types
of
cancers.
越来越多的证据表明，饮食中富含维生素的人患某些癌症的可能性较低。
At
present
we
have
no
evidence
of
complex
life
on
other
planets.
目前我们没有证据证明其他行星上有复杂生命。
拓展
1
evident
adj.
清楚的，显然的
it
is
evident
that
...=It
is
clear/obvious
that...
显然......
It
is
evident
that
practice
is
very
important
for
learning
a
language.
显然，练习对学习语言很重要。
2
evidently
adv.
明显地，显然地
keep
one's
eyes
open
保持警觉，注意，留心，常与for
搭配
Please
keep
your
eyes
open
for
opportunities,
for
they
wait
for
no
one.
请留意寻找机会，因为他们不会等待任何人。
拓展：eye其他搭配
keep
an
eye
on
照看，留神，留意
fix/keep
one's
eyes
on
注视，盯着看
catch
one's
eye
引起某人注意
have
an
eye
for
对......有鉴赏力、识别力、眼力
look
sb
in
the
eye(s)
直视某人，正视某人
in
one's
eyes
依某人看，在某人眼里
She
has
a
good
eye
for
beauty.
她对美很有鉴赏力。
Beauty
is
in
the
eye
of
the
beholder.
情人眼里出西施。
I
was
doing
my
homework
when
a
bird
caught
my
eye.
我正在做作业，这时一只鸟引起了我的注意。
句式分析
so
what
is
the
difference
between
them,
if
any?
如果确有不同含义的话，那他们之间的区别是什么呢？
这是一个主从复合句，if
any
是一个省略的状语从句，完整为if
there
is
any
difference
if省略结构
在if引导的条件状语从句中有时可以省略从句的主语和谓语动词。
1
if
any
即使有，如果有的话
2
if
not
如果不是
3
if
so
如果这样的话
4
if
ever
如果有过/发生过的话
5
if+形容词：
if
necessary
如果有必要的话
if
possible
如果可能的话
charge
（1）vt.
充电
Alex
forgot
to
charge
the
battery.
亚历克斯忘记了给电池充电。
（2）v.&
n.
收费，要价
What
do
you
charge
for
making
a
suit?
做一套西服你要多少钱？
The
restaurant
charged
us
400
yuan
for
the
wine.
餐厅向我们收了400元酒水钱。
If
you
buy
this
machine,
the
delivery
will
be
free
of
charge.
如果你买这台机器，我们将免费送货。
总结：
charge
for…
收……的费用
charge
sb.
money
for
sth.
因某事向某人收费
free
of
charge（=
for
free）
免费
（3）vt.&
n.
控告，指控
The
paper
charged
her
with
using
the
company’s
money
for
her
own
purpose.
这家报纸指控她将公司的钱挪为私用。
He
has
been
arrested
on
a
charge
of
murder.
他因被控谋杀而被捕。
总结：
charge
sb.
with
(doing)
sth.=
accuse
sb.
of
(doing)sth.
控告/指控某人做某事
on
a
charge
(of
sth.)
(因某事)被指控
（4）n.
掌管，主管
Soon
he
will
take
charge
of
the
department.
他不久会负责管理这个部门。
Mr
Green
is
in
charge
of
this
factory.
=
This
factory
is
in
the
charge
of
Mr
Green.
格林先生负责管理这家工厂。
总结：
take
charge
of
掌管，负责
in
charge
of…
主管……,负责……(主语通常为人)
in
the
charge
of
sb.=
in
sb’s
charge
由某人掌管（主语通常为物）
有无冠词the意义不同的短语
in
charge
of
负责
in
the
charge
of
由.....负责
in
control
of
控制，管理
in
the
control
of
由.....控制，管理
in
possession
of
拥有
in
the
possession
of
为.....所有
go
to
prison
去坐牢
go
to
the
prison
去探监
on
earth
究竟
on
the
earth
在地球上
be
sea
乘船
be
the
sea
在海边
announce
vt.
宣布，宣告；（尤指通过广播的）通知
The
teacher
announced
to
us
the
result
of
the
expriment
at
the
beginning
of
the
first
class.
在第一节课的时候，老师向我们宣布了实验结果。
We
are
pleased
to
announce
that
all
five
candidates
are
successful.
我们高兴地宣布，五位候选人全都当选了。
It
has
been
officially
announced
that
he
will
pay
a
second
visit
to
China
soon.
官方消息称，他不就将再次来中国访问。
总结:
announce
sth
to
sb=announce
to
sb.
sth.
向某人宣布某事
It's
announced
that...
据宣布（It为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句）
拓展：
1.announcement
n.
宣布，通告
make
an
announce
发表公告
2.
announcer
n.播音员，广播员
The
announcer
made
an
announcement
that
all
the
details
should
be
announced
through
the
broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播发布。
approach
1.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近
Walk
softly
as
you
approach
the
bed
because
the
baby
is
sleeping.
当你走近床时步子要轻，因为婴儿正在睡觉。
With
winter
approaching,
many
animals
are
storing
food.
冬季临近，许多动物在储存食物。
2
着手处理（问题、工作等）
He
tried
everything
to
approach
the
difficult
problem.
他尝试了一切办法来解决这个问题。
3
[C]
方法，路径，通道；[U]（在时间或距离上的）靠近，接近
His
approach
to
the
problem
is
wrong.
他处理这个问题的方法是错误的。
All
the
approaches
to
the
airport
were
blocked
by
the
police.
所有通往机场的道路都被警察封锁了。
The
approach
of
the
exam
is
making
him
very
nervous.
考试的临近正使他非常紧张。
总结
an
approach
to......的方法，通往......的道路
the
approach
of......的来临/临近
ensure
vt.确保，保证，担保
常见搭配：ensure
(sb.)
sth.
保证（某人）某事/物
ensure…from/against
确保……不受……伤害
All
necessary
steps
have
been
taken
to
ensure
their
safety.
已采取所有必要措施来确保他们的安全。
A
good
sleep
will
ensure
you
a
quicker
recovery.
好的睡眠会确保你更快恢复。
Our
workout
system
will
ensure
that
you
lose
weight
and
build
muscles
quickly
and
safely.
我们的健身方法将确保你快速而安全地减肥并增强肌肉。
These
safety
facilities
are
used
to
ensure
workers
from
accidents.
这些安全设施是用来确保工人不出事故的。
generous
adj.
慷慨的，大方的
常见搭配:
be
generous
with
sth.
在某方面大方
be
generous
in
doing
sth.
乐于做某事
It’s
generous
of
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人做某事真是慷慨
He
is
generous
with
his
money.
他不吝啬金钱。
She
is
generous
in
giving
help.
她乐于助人。
It
was
generous
of
him
to
contribute
a
lot
of
money
to
the
rural
schools.
他很慷慨，为乡村学校捐了很多钱。
归纳拓展：
generosity
n.
慷慨，大方
generously
adv.
慷慨地，大方地
position
（1）vt.
安装，安置，使处于
Large
television
screens
were
positioned
at
either
end
of
the
stadium.
体育场的两端安装了大型电视屏幕。
She
quickly
positioned
herself
behind
the
desk.
她迅速在桌子后面就位。
（2）n.
位置；适当的位置；姿态，姿势；处境，状况
常见搭配：
in
a…
position
(to
do
sth.)
(做某事)处于……的处境
out
of
/in
position
不在/在恰当的位置
From
his
position
on
the
cliff
top,
he
had
a
good
view
of
the
harbor.
他在悬崖之巅，海港景色一览无余。
They
had
to
stand
for
hours
without
changing
position.
他们得一动不动地站几个小时。
He’s
going
to
be
in
a
very
difficult
position
if
things
go
badly
for
him.
如果情况变糟的话，他的处境将非常困难。
All
parking
signs
have
now
been
placed
in
position.
所有停车标记都已安放就位。
（3）n.
观点，态度，立场。常与介词on搭配
What’s
your
position
on
this
problem?
你对这个问题持什么态度？
The
principal
took
the
position
that
the
students
should
have
enough
exercise.
那位校长认为学生应该有足够的锻炼。
（4）n.
职务，职位
Bruce
is
thinking
of
applying
for
the
position.
布鲁斯正在考虑申请那个职位。
eager
adj.
热切的，渴求的，渴望的
Kate
was
in
a
hurry
to
grow
up,
eager
for
knowledge
and
experience.
凯特急于长大，渴望获取知识和经验。
Many
students
are
eager
to
find
a
good
way
to
have
their
English
writing
improved
in
a
short
period.
许多学生渴望找到一个能在短期内提高英语写作水平的好方法。
Tom
was
eager
for
you
to
come
to
the
party.
汤姆渴望你能来参加晚会。
These
children
are
eager
that
their
parents
(should)
come
home.
这些孩子热切希望他们的父母回家。
常见搭配：
be
eager
for…
渴求得到……
be
eager
(for
sb.)to
do
sth.
渴望（某人）做某事
be
eager
that…
热切希望……（从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，should
可以省略）
归纳拓展：
eagerly
adv.
热切地
eagerness
n.
渴望，热切
“渴望……”
的其他表达：
（1）渴望获得某物
long
for
sth.
be
greedy
for
sth.
be
dying
for
sth.
be
thirsty
for
sth.
be
anxious
for
sth.
（2）渴望做某事
long
to
do
sth.
be
dying
to
do
sth.
be
anxious
to
do
sth.
make
up
（1）构成；编造（故事，谎言等）；化妆
The
Chinese
make
up
the
largest
single
ethnic
group
in
the
city’s
public
schools.
华人在该市公立学校中构成最大的一个族群。
I
think
it
is
very
unkind
of
you
to
make
up
stories
about
him.
我认为你编造关于他的谣言是很不厚道的做法。
They
made
him
up
as
an
old
man
for
the
last
act
of
the
play.
在这出戏的最后一幕，他们把他扮演成一个老人。
（2）补上（失去的东西）；补偿，弥补（常与for连用）；和解，和好（常与with连用）
Can
I
leave
early
this
afternoon
and
make
up
the
time
tomorrow?
我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间可以吗？
Nothing
can
make
up
for
the
loss
of
a
child.
失去一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。
How
do
you
think
I
can
make
up
with
Tom?
你觉得我怎样才能跟汤姆和解？
用单词的适当形式填空。
MMMMost
people
use
the
_____________(shorten)
name:
“the
United
Kingdom”
or
“the
UK”.
They
use
the
same
flag,
______________(know)
as
the
Union
Jack,
as
well
as
share
the
same
currency
and
military
defence.
They
had
castles
______________(build)
all
around
England,
and
make
changes
to
the
legal
system.
When
we
finally
reached
the
service
desk
to
ask
for
audio
guides,
we
heard
it
______________(announce)
that
there
were
no
audio
guides
left.
We
found
ourselves
very
______________(surprise)
by
the
large
number
of
visitors
and
the
amount
of
noise
at
the
entrance
of
National
Gallery.
shortened
known
built
announced
surprised
过去分词--作定语、宾补
一
过去分词作定语
1
及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与动词之间是动宾关系，且表示动作已经完成，或只表示动宾关系。
Tom
drank
some
boiled
water
and
hurried
to
school.
汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。（表被动和完成）
When
he
came
into
power,
he
decided
to
be
a
leader
loved
by
everyone.
当他开始掌权时，他决定做一个受大家爱戴的领袖。（只表被动）
2
不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表被动；并且只作前置定语。
When
I
woke
up
next
morning,
I
found
the
ground
was
covered
with
fallen
leaves.
当我早上醒来时，发现地上全是落叶。（只表示完成）
3
形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感觉得动词，其过去分词表示“感到......的”，表示被修饰词所处的状态。
It
was
a
great
pleasure
to
have
such
a
devoted
friend.
有这么一个忠实的朋友真是太令人高兴了。
The
scared
boy
told
me
the
scaring
news
in
a
scared
voice.
那个吓坏了的男孩用惊恐的声音告诉了我这个可怕的消息。
4
过去分词作定语的位置
（1）单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但是left只作后置定语。
The
broken
vase
has
been
thrown
outside.
那个碎了的花瓶已经被扔到外面去了。
The
books
left
are
for
my
students.
剩下的书是给我的学生的。
注意：
单个的过去分词修饰something,
everything,anything,nothing
,nobody等复合不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。
He
is
one
of
those
invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
Is
there
anything
unfinished?
还有什么没有完成的吗？
(2)过去分词短语作后置定语要放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
I
borrwed
a
book
written
by
Mark
Twain
from
the
library.
=
I
borrowed
a
book
which/that
was
written
by
Mark
Twain
from
the
library.
二
过去分词作宾补
1
作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
（1）及物动词的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语是组成过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和组成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
I
want
the
letter
posted.
我想把这封信寄出去。
（2）少数不及物动词如go,
fall等过去分词作宾语补足雨，仅仅表示动作已经完成。因此，宾语与组成过去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
She
found
her
necklace
gone
on
her
way
home.
她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。
（3）动词seat,
hide,
dress等的过去分词作宾补一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。
When
I
came
in,
I
found
a
strange
girl
seated
in
the
corner.
我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
2
过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
（1）感官动词后的过去分词作宾补：
see,
notice,
watch,
hear,
feel,
find等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系，表示被动且完成或者只表被动。
I
heard
the
English
song
sung
twice
in
the
next
room.
我听到隔壁房间唱了两遍这首英文歌。（表被动、完成）
I'd
like
to
see
the
pan
carried
out.
我想看到这个计划被实施下去。（只表被动）
2）使役动词后的过去分词作宾补：make,
have,
get,
leave,
keep等使役动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。
He
tried
to
speak
slowly
to
make
himself
understood.
他试图慢慢的说话，以使别人明白他的意思。
The
guests
left
most
of
the
dishes
untouched
because
they
didn't
taste
delicious.
大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为他们都不可口。
（3）with结构中的过分作宾补：with结构中的过分作宾补时，与宾语之间是动宾关系，并且表示被动动作的完成或状态。
John
received
an
invitation
to
dinner
and
with
his
work
finished,
he
gladly
accepted
it.
约翰收到了一份宴请函，因为工作已经完成，所以他欣然接受了邀请，（表示被动且完成）
Tom
always
sleeps
with
his
window
closed.
汤姆总是关着窗户睡觉。（表示被动、状态）