2022高考英语二轮总复习专题七：定语从句（学案含解析）

专题七　定语从句
核心考点课堂突破　
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)...China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
　　　　　it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.?
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
　　　　　paintings
were
almost
lifelike.?
3.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9
am
to
5
pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,　　　　　
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.?
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
　　　　　had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.?
5.(2018·北京卷)She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,　　　　　helps
them
keep
fit.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding
her
good
intentions,I
eat
all
the
food
what
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.　　　　　?
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank
you
for
your
letter,what
really
made
me
happy.　　　　　?
3.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.　　　　　?
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)In
the
cafe,customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.　　　　　?
5.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)They
also
had
a
small
pond,which
they
raised
fish.　　　　　?
考点归纳
考点一　关系代词与关系副词
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
who
人
主语
Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother?
whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr
Smith
is
the
person
with
whom
I
am
working.
The
boy
(whom)
she
loved
died
in
the
war.
whose
人、物
定语
I
like
those
books
whose
topics
are
about
history.
The
boy
whose
father
works
abroad
is
my
deskmate.
that
人、物
主语、宾语
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
She
is
the
pop
star
(that)
I
want
to
see
very
much.
which
物
主语、宾语
The
book
(which)
I
gave
you
was
worth
$10.
The
picture
which
was
about
the
accident
was
terrible.
as
人、物
主语、宾语
He
is
such
a
person
as
is
respected
by
all
of
us.
This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
lost
yesterday.
as作宾语一般不省略
when
时间
时间状语
I
will
never
forget
the
day
when
we
met
there.
可用on
which替换
where
地点
地点状语
This
is
the
house
where
I
was
born.
可用in
which替换
why
原因
原因状语
I
can’t
imagine
the
reason
why
he
turned
down
my
offer.
可用for
which替换
注意1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用inwhich或that或不填任何关系词。
Theway(that/inwhich)hefinishedthetasksuccessfullywasdifficulttounderstand.(作状语)
Theway(that/which)heexplainedtomewasnotdifficulttounderstand.(作宾语)
2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/duringwhich;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。
TherewasatimewhenwehadnoTVsets.
Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedourcountry.
考点二　that与which,who,whom的用法区别
情况
用法说明
例句
只用
that的
情况
1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时
2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.先行词被the
only,the
very修饰时
6.句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时
He
told
me
everything
that
he
knows.
All
the
books
that
you
offered
have
been
given
out.
This
is
the
best
film
that
I
have
ever
read.
We
talked
about
the
persons
and
things
that
we
remembered.
He
is
the
only
man
that
I
want
to
see.
Who
is
the
man
that
is
making
a
speech?
只用
which,
who,
whom
的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人
3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,ones时多用who
He
has
a
son,who
has
gone
abroad
for
further
study.
I
like
the
person
to
whom
the
teacher
is
talking.
Those
who
respect
others
are
usually
respected
by
others.
考点三　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
类别
语法意义及特征
例句
限制性
定语
从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开
The
accident
happened
at
the
time
when
I
left.
非限制
性定语
从句
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略
His
mother,whom
he
loved
deeply,died
ten
years
ago.
考点四　as与which的区别
定语从句
区别
例句
限制性定语从句中
名词前有such和the
same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which
He
is
not
such
a
fool
as
he
looks.
Don’t
read
such
books
as
you
can’t
understand.
非限制性定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,像”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,指代主句中某物或整个句子所表达的内容
They
won
the
game,as
we
had
expected.
They
won
the
game,which
we
hadn’t
expected.
As
is
well
known,he
was
a
famous
film
star
in
the
1980s.
注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:
①asanybodycansee正如大家能看到的那样
②aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样
③asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样
④ashasbeensaidbefore如之前所述
⑤asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的
考点五　定语从句与同位语从句的区别
that引导同位语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,而that引导定语从句时则充当主语、宾语或表语等成分
Don’t
you
forget
the
promise
(that)
you
made?
He
makes
a
promise
that
he
will
make
you
very
rich
if
you
work
with
him.
what,whether和how不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导同位语从句
There
is
some
doubt
whether
she
will
be
dismissed
from
school.
定语从句前面的名词既可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词;而同位语从句所修饰的词一般是抽象名词,从句说明该名词所指的具体内容
The
patient
accepted
the
advice
that
smoking
should
be
given
up.(同位语从句)
This
is
the
advice
which
was
given
by
Tom.(定语从句)
专项训练巩固提升　
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.She
brought
with
her
three
friends,none
of
　　　　　I
had
ever
met
before.?
2.It
was
on
the
farm
　　　　　we
worked
that
I
got
to
know
her.?
3.A
person
　　　　　e-mail
account
is
full
won’t
be
able
to
send
or
receive
any
e-mails.?
4.You
should
read
only
such
books
　　　　　you
can
understand
without
much
difficulty.?
5.Today,we’ll
discuss
a
number
of
cases
　　　　　beginners
of
English
fail
to
use
the
language
properly.?
6.The
reason
　　　　　he
wants
to
sell
his
house
is
that
he
needs
a
lot
of
money
for
his
operation.?
7.Eric
received
training
in
computer
for
one
year,after
　　　　　he
found
a
job
in
a
big
company.?
8.She
was
pleased
with
the
way
　　　　　he
had
accepted
her
criticism.?
9.We
shouldn’t
spent
our
money
testing
so
many
people,most
of
　　　　　are
healthy.At
the
age
　　　　　other
people
retire,Francis
began
the
greatest
cause
in
his
life.?
10.They
talked
of
things
and
persons
　　　　　they
remembered
in
the
school.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.This
is
the
longest
train
which
I
have
ever
seen.　　　　　?
2.Which
we
all
know,swimming
is
a
very
good
sport.　　　　　?
3.The
radio
set
which
I
bought
it
last
week
has
gone
wrong.　　　　　?
4.The
day
will
come
which
the
people
all
over
the
world
will
win
liberation.　　　　　?
5.He
is
a
man
of
great
experience,from
who
much
can
be
learned.　　　　　?
6.Chapin,for
who
money
is
now
no
problem,starts
a
new
film
company
with
his
friends.　　　　　?
7.It
was
a
meeting
that
importance
I
didn’t
realize
at
that
time.　　　　　?
8.They
have
decided
to
stay
at
home,that
is,I
think,a
wise
choice.　　　　　?
9.I’ll
tell
you
all
what
he
told
me
last
week.　　　　　?
10.His
parents
wouldn’t
let
him
marry
anyone
whom
family
was
poor.　　　　　?
Ⅲ.语法填空
The
books
on
the
desks,1.　　　　　covers
are
shiny,are
prizes
for
us.The
book
is
well
written
and
well
printed.There
are
few,if
any,mistakes
in
it.?
This
is
the
book
2.　　　　　I
have
read
dozens
of
times.When
you
read
the
book,you’d
better
make
a
mark
3.you
have
any
questions.From
this
experience
I
have
learnt
that
questioning
can
serve
as
a
bridge
4.
helps
us
to
seek
the
truth.?
The
book
has
helped
me
greatly
in
my
daily
communication,especially
at
work
5.　　　　　a
good
impression
is
a
must.?
I
am
looking
forward
to
the
day
6.　　　　　
my
daughter
can
read
this
book
and
know
my
feelings
for
her.?
I
borrowed
another
book
from
the
library
last
week,7.my
classmate
recommended
to
me.To
be
honest,I
don’
really
like
the
author.It
is
not
such
a
book
8.can
be
considered
exciting.Besides,I
just
can’t
understand
the
way
9.　　　　　he
describes
things,which
might
be
the
reason
10.　　　　　
his
works
are
not
widely
read.?
Ⅳ.短文改错
Nowadays
Senior
3
students
are
general
faced
with
a
lot
of
pressure,which
is
rather
common.To
reduce
it,the
followed
suggestions
may
help.First
of
all,know
exactly
what
lead
to
your
pressure,and
then
you
can
take
measures
to
deal
with
it.Secondly,set
up
a
goal
what
is
not
too
high,in
another
words,don’t
put
too
much
pressure
on
yourself.Thirdly,find
a
way
to
relax
you
occasionally.For
example,you
can
listen
to
music,go
swim
or
just
simply
go
walking.
Eventually,make
friend
with
others,for
example,your
classmates,your
teachers,your
parents.They
will
understand
you
and
come
to
your
help
when
you
are
really
in
the
trouble.In
a
word,never
get
yourself
stuck
in
the
pressure
for
“impossible
is
nothing”.
专题七　定语从句
核心考点·课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.1.where　2.whose　3.which　4.who　5.which
Ⅱ.1.what→that　2.what→which　3.where→when　4.what→that/which　5.在which前加in或which→where
专项训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.1.whom　2.where　3.whose　4.as　5.where　6.why　7.which
8.that　9.whom;when　10.that
Ⅱ.1.which→that　2.Which→As　3.去掉it　4.which→when
5.who→whom　6.who→whom　7.that→whose　8.that→which
9.what→that　10.whom→whose
Ⅲ.1.whose　2.that/which　3.where　4.that/which　5.where
6.when　7.which　8.as　9.that　10.why
5