2022高考英语二轮总复习：专题三介词和介词短语（学案含解析）

专题三　介词和介词短语
核心考点课堂突破　
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Orange
trees
are
more
　　　　　decoration;they
are
a
symbol
of
good
fortune
and
wealth.?
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Bamboo
plants
are
associated
　　　　　health,abundance
and
a
happy
home.?
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The
artist
was
finally
humbled(谦卑)
by
the
greatest
artist
　　　　　earth,Mother
Nature.?
4.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums
must
compete
　　　　　people’s
spare
time
and
money
with
other
amusements.?
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern
methods
　　　　　tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,and
are
expensive
to
perform
consistently
over
a
large
area.?
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)We
were
first
greeted
with
the
barking
by
a
pack
　　　　　dogs,seven
to
be
exact.?
7.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)I
was
searching
　　　　　these
three
western
lowland
gorillas
I’d
been
observing.?
8.(2018·北京卷)—Good
morning,Mr
Lee’s
office.
—Good
morning.I’d
like
to
make
an
appointment
　　　　　next
Wednesday
afternoon.?
9.(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)It
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
crowds
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
　　　　　work.?
10.(2017·全国Ⅲ卷)After
school
she
plans
to
take
a
year
off
to
model
full-time
before
going
to
university
to
get
a
degree
　　　　　engineering
or
architecture.?
11.(2017·江苏卷)Determining
where
we
are
in
relation
　　　　　our
surroundings
remains
an
essential
skill
for
our
survival.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)After
that
I
poured
oil
into
a
pan
and
turned
off
the
stove.　　　　　?
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Then
I
can
spare
some
time
to
learn
it
again,so
that
we
can
practice
together
on
every
day.　　　　　?
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m
glad
to
know
that
you’ve
come
China
to
learn
kung
fu
in
a
school
in
my
hometown.　　　　　?
4.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)From
now
on,I
started
to
play
football
with
classmates
after
school.　　　　　?
5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)When
I
studied
chemistry
high
school,I
reconsidered
my
goal
and
decided
to
be
a
doctor.　　　　　?
6.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)I
want
my
cafe
to
have
a
special
theme
such
as
like
“Tang
Dynasty”.　　　　　?
考点归纳
考点一　介词分类
简单介词
about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on
合成介词
inside,into,onto,out
of,outside,throughout,upon,within,without
短语介词
according
to,because
of,instead
of,up
to,due
to,owing
to,thanks
to
双重介词
from
among,from
behind,from
under,till
after,in
between
分词转化
成的介词
considering(就……而论),including
形容词转
化成的介词
like,unlike,near,opposite
考点二　方位介词
介词
图　示
意　义
例　　句
in
在……
之内
We
went
for
a
ride
in
the
car.
on
在……
上面
The
three
brothers
sat
down
on
the
carpet.
over
在……
(正)上方
She
had
to
jump
over
the
fence
to
get
home.
under
在……
(正)下方
Most
of
the
iceberg
is
under
the
water.
above
在……
上方
The
plane
flew
above
the
clouds.
below/
beneath
在……
下方
The
fields
are
below
sea
level.
by
在……
旁边
—Where’s
the
bank?
—It’s
just
by
the
post
office.
beside
He
does
not
hesitate
to
ask
her
to
sit
beside
him.
near
在……
附近
He
was
born
in
a
small
village
near
the
town.
续　表　　
介词
图　示
意　义
例　　句
next
to
紧挨……
A
man
next
to
me
was
smoking,and
the
smoke
really
bothered
me.
behind
在……
后面
Keith
wandered
along
behind
us.
before
在……
之前
She
placed
a
plate
of
food
before
him.
outside
在……
外面
He
was
wearing
his
shirt
outside
his
jeans.
to
到……去
The
army
marched
to
the
front
line.
from
从……来
He
flew
from
London
to
Paris.
(a)round
围绕……
The
wind
and
snow
still
howled
around
them.
between
在……
之间
(指二者)
He
was
sitting
between
two
old
ladies.
among
在……之
间(指三
者或三
者以上)
We
stood
there
among
piles
of
wooden
boxes.
across
横过、
越过……
Pipes
carry
oil
across
the
desert.
through
穿过……
We
drove
through
the
tunnel.
onto
向上
A
strong
wind
arose
and
blew
our
boat
onto
the
rock.
into
进入……
The
olives
were
packed
into
jars
by
hand.
out
of
从……
出来
Julia
ran
out
of
the
room.
续　表　　
介词
图　示
意　义
例　　句
along
沿着
He
drove
his
car
along
East
Street.
up
向上
The
child
climbed
up
three
stairs
without
help.
down
向下
She
nailed
down
the
corners
of
the
carpet.
考点三　常用介词区别
表示时间的in,on,at
at表示片刻的时间;in表示一段时间;on总是与日子有关
表示时间的since,from
since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用;from指从时间的某一点开始
表示时间的in,after
in指在一段时间之后;after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中
表示地理位置的in,on,to
in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外
表示“在……上”的on,in
on只表示在某物的表面上;in表示占去某物一部分
表示“穿过”的through,across
through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across表示在表面上通过,与on有关
表示“关于”的about,on
about指涉及;on指专门论述
between与among的区别
between表示在两者之间;among用于三者或三者以上的中间
表示“用”的in,with和by
with表示使用具体的工具;in表示使用某种材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音;表示使用交通方式多用by,名词前不加冠词,用in或on时,名词前要加冠词
as与like的区别
as意为“作为,以……地位或身份”;like意为“像……一样”,指情形相似
in与into的区别
in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置
表示“除……之外”的介词
besides表示包含,“除……之外还有……”;except表示排除,“除……之外”,不放在句首;but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no
one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等连用;except
for表示“除……之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。apart
from表示“此外,除……之外还有……”,相当于besides/as
well
as
续　表　　
表示原因的介词
for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用;at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到……而……”;from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等;of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等;with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因;by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
考点四　常用介词短语
at
at
lunch在吃午饭;at
table在吃饭;at
school在上学;at
peace在和平时期;at
first=at
the
beginning初期;at
the
beginning
of在……的初始阶段;at
the
end
of...在……结束时
in
in
a
sense从某种意义上说;in
common共同,共有;in
place在适当的位置;in
practice在实践中,实际上;in
public公开地,当众;in
turn依次,轮流,反过来;in
case以免,万一;in
detail详细地;in
office在执政;in
power当权,在执政;in
progress在进行中;in
return作为回报;in
time及时,最终;in
the
way挡路;in
exchange
for用以交换……;in
favour
of同意,支持;in
the
meanwhile同时;in
spite
of不管,不顾;in
terms
of就……来说;in
addition
to此外,除……以外
on
on
behalf
of代表;on
condition
that以……作为条件;on
sale出售;on
strike在罢工;on
the
increase正在增加;on
the
go忙个不停;on
the
air正在广播;on
the
contrary相反
under
under
control在控制之中;under
discussion在讨论中;under
development在发展中;under
construction在建设中;under
repair在修理中
for
for
lack
of由于缺乏;for
the
benefit
of为了……的利益;as
for就……而论,关于
续　表　　
by
by
chance=by
accident偶然,碰巧;by
name用名字,名叫;by
far到目前为止
out
of
out
of
order发生故障,失调;out
of
place不得其所的,不适当的;out
of
control失去控制;out
of
one’s
reach某人够不着的地方;out
of
the
question不可能;out
of
question毫无疑问
of+抽
象名词
of
great
value=very
valuable;of
great
help=very
helpful;of
great
importance=very
important;of
great
use=very
useful;of
significance=significant;of
interest=interesting;of
benefit=beneficial
to+
one’s+
情感
名词
amazement
(惊奇),admiration
(羡慕),annoyance
(烦恼),astonishment
(惊奇),delight
(欣喜),amusement
(娱乐),despair(绝望),disappointment(失望),embarrassment(难堪),happiness(幸福),horror
(恐怖),joy
(高兴),puzzlement
(疑惑),relief
(放心),satisfaction
(满意),regret
(遗憾),shame
(羞愧),sorrow
(悲伤),surprise
(惊讶)
注意1.of+抽象名词=形容词
①of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词
②of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
Thebookisofgreatvaluetoourresearch.
这本书对我们的研究有很大的价值。
Iregrettohaveboughtabookofnouse.
我非常后悔买了一本没有用的书。
IfindEnglishofvitalimportance.
我认为英语极为重要。
2.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”。
to+one’s+情感名词=tothe+情感名词+ofsb.
Toourgreatsurprise,theboyliedtotheteacher.
令我们非常吃惊的是,那个男孩对老师撒谎了。
专项训练巩固提升　
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.We’ll
be
free
tomorrow,so
I
suggest
a
visit
　　　　　the
history
museum.?
2.Mom
told
me
that
nothing
　　　　　red
looked
good
against
my
skin.?
3.“We
didn’t
know
what
had
happened
　　　　　her,”
said
the
woman
at
the
door.?
4.　　　　　
electricity,life
would
not
be
so
convenient
today.?
5.Cinderella
left
her
shoe
on
the
stairs
　　　　　purpose.?
6.　　　　　reality,it’s
the
chair
that
does
the
important
work.?
7.So
scientists
have
come
up
　　　　　a
shocking
idea.?
8.　　　　　
the
way,what’s
your
name??
9.We
can
hardly
believe
such
a
young
boy
should
have
traveled
around
the
world
all
　　　　　himself.?
10.He
was
wearing
dark
glasses
to
protect
his
eyes
　　　　　the
sun.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.My
aunt
advised
my
sister
to
marry
Henry,but
she
married
with
Frank
at
last.　　　　　?
2.From
this
experience,I
have
realized
a
good
decision
benefits
from
people.　　　　　?
3.We
can
finish
the
work
either
this
week
or
in
next
week.　　　　　?
4.More
than
one
official
has
served
for
the
people
heart
and
soul.　　　　　?
5.You
are
required
to
write
your
story
with
your
own
words.　　　　　?
6.We
walked
down
the
stairs
instead
taking
the
elevator.　　　　　?
7.I
have
made
rapid
progress
under
the
help
of
my
teacher.　　　　　?
8.This
term
I
joined
in
the
Chinese
painting
club
in
our
school.　　　　　?
9.An
incident
happening
in
a
rainy
Sunday
afternoon
changed
my
attitude.　　　　　?
10.Because
eating
too
much
without
much
exercise,he
has
put
on
weight.　　　　　?
Ⅲ.语法填空
A
pet
shop
is
to
provide
the
first
ever
pet
and
human
first
aid
training
course
1.　　　　　their
team
of
600
shop
floor
staff
at
stores
2.　　　　　the
US.?
The
full
day
course
will
cover
two
parts
with
the
first
half
focused
3.　　　　　
humans
and
the
second
stage
on
dog
and
cat
first
aid.Topics
covered
will
include
varieties
4.
daily
situations
that
require
first
aid
skills
such
as
dealing
5.　　　　　minor
injuries,shock
and
unconsciousness.?
Lucy
Ross,Head
of
Training
at
Pets
Corner,said,
“At
Pets
Corner,we
have
always
tried
to
apply
an
honest
and
moral
approach
6.　　　　　
everything
that
we
do
and
this
includes
having
the
best
trained
staff
in
the
industry.Every
human
customer
7.　　　　　
well
as
their
pet
animals
is
also
welcome
into
our
stores—so
it
makes
sense
that
our
staff’s
first
aid
knowledge
extends
8.　　　　　
the
standard
expectations.It’s
our
mission
to
provide
all
of
our
staff
9.　　　　　the
tools
and
knowledge
they
need
to
feel
confident
10.　　　　　helping
both
pets
and
customers.”?
Ⅳ.短文改错
Joshua
Lionel
Cowen
was
born
in
August
25,1877
in
New
York
City.When
he
was
seven,he
made
a
toy
train
out
of
wood
with
an
engine
was
built
in
it.Later,the
engine
blew
up
and
his
family
didn’t
blame
him.At
the
age
23,he
worked
in
a
fan
company.He
fixed
a
battery-powered
fan
motor
in
a
wooden
train.Then
he
sends
the
wooden
train
to
a
toy
store,and
there
it
replaced
the
train
pushing
round
by
hand,and
was
showed
in
the
shop
window.Soon
it
was
popular
with
the
customers
who
brought
Christmas
gift.It
was
because
of
his
invention
which
the
company
took
off.Success
comes
from
practice.If
you
have
any
good
idea,put
it
into
practice,and
eventual
one
day,you
will
succeed
like
Joshua
Lionel
Cowen.
专题三　介词和介词短语
核心考点·课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.1.than　2.with　3.on　4.for　5.of/for　6.of　7.for
8.for　9.from　10.in　11.to
Ⅱ.1.off→on　2.去掉介词on　3.come后加to　4.now→then　5.在high前加in/at　6.去掉such
as后的like
专项训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.1.to　2.but　3.to　4.Without　5.on　6.In　7.with　8.By
9.by　10.from
Ⅱ.1.去掉with　2.去掉from　3.去掉in　4.去掉for　5.with→in　6.在instead后加of　7.under→with　8.去掉joined后的in
9.in→on　10.在because后加of
Ⅲ.1.to　2.in　3.on　4.of　5.with　6.to　7.as　8.beyond　9.with
10.in
8