2022高考英语二轮总复习：专题四形容词和副词（学案含解析）

专题四　形容词和副词
核心考点课堂突破　
高考感悟
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
　　　　　(extreme)
challenging.?
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese
love
their
“Lucky
Bamboo”
plants
and
you
will
see
them
often
in
their
homes
and
offices.　　　　　(certain)
during
the
holiday
period,this
plant
is
a
must.?
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The
　　　　　(beauty)
long
branches
covered
with
pink-colored
buds(蓓蕾)
make
fantastic
decorations.?
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One
day
the
emperor
wanted
to
get
his
portrait(画像)
done
so
he
called
all
great
artists
to
come
and
present
their
　　　　　(fine)
work,so
that
he
could
choose
the
best.?
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)As
the
small
boat
moved,　　　　　
(gentle)
along
the
river
he
was
left
speechless
by
the
mountains
being
silently
reflected
in
the
water.?
6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)In
the
18th
and
19th
centuries,　　　　　(wealth)
people
travelled
and
collected
plants,historical
objects
and
works
of
art.?
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
　　　　　(poor)
studied.?
8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists
have
responded
by
noting
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating(聚集)
around
human
settlements,leading
to
the
illusion(错觉)
that
populations
are
　　　　　(high)
than
they
actually
are.?
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Her
years
of
hard
work
have
　　　　　(final)
been
acknowledged
after
a
customer
nominated(提名)her
to
be
Cheshire’s
Woman
of
the
Year.?
10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)“...We
are
so
proud
of
her.It’s
　　　　　(wonder).”?
11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They
also
shared
with
us
many
　　　　　(tradition)
stories
about
Hawaii
that
were
　　　　　(huge)
popular
with
tourists.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Today
I
tried
cooking
a
simply
dish
myself.　　　　　?
2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’m
surely
you’ll
have
a
good
time.　　　　　?
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In
order
to
make
surely
all
of
us
are
in
good
health,she
makes
special
plans
for
us.　　　　　?
4.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My
mom
is
really
concerning
with
the
health
of
everyone
in
our
family.　　　　　?
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Best
of
luck
with
your
learning
kung
fu
in
China.See
you
sooner.　　　　　?
6.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I
became
interesting
in
playing
football
thanks
to
a
small
accident.　　　　　?
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)I
stopped
the
ball
and
kicked
it
hardly
back
to
the
playground.　　　　　?
8.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)First,I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,whose
uniform
looked
so
coolly.　　　　　?
9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
Then,when
I
was
in
the
fifth
grade,I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
too
much.　　　　　?
考点归纳
考点一　复合形容词的构成
形容词+
名词+ed
kind-hearted
名词+
形容词
world-famous
形容词+
形容词
dark-blue
名词+
现在分词
peace-loving
形容词+
现在分词
ordinary-looking
名词+
过去分词
snow-covered
副词+
现在分词
hard-working
数词+
名词+ed
three-legged
副词+过
去分词
newly-built
数词+名词
twenty-year
考点二　形容词作定语的位置
形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时
nobody
absent,everything
possible
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后
the
best
book
available,the
only
solution
possible
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置
the
only
person
awake
和空间、时间、单位连用时
a
bridge
50
meters
long
成对的形容词可以后置
a
huge
room
simple
and
beautiful
形容词短语一般后置
a
man
difficult
to
get
on
with
考点三　副词的分类
时间
副词
soon,now,early,finally,once,recently
频度
副词
always,often,frequently,seldom,never
地点
副词
here,nearby,outside,upwards,above
疑问
副词
how,where,when,why
方式
副词
gently,hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really
连接
副词
how,when,where,why,whether,however,
meanwhile
程度
副词
extremely,simply,surely,so,almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather
关系
副词
when,where,why
考点四　形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成
1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
◆规则变化
构　成
例词
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est
small
smaller
smallest
great
greater
greatest
hard
harder
hardest
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-st
fine
finer
finest
cute
cuter
cutest
able
abler
ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est
fat
fatter
fattest
thin
thinner
thinnest
hot
hotter
hottest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-est
easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest
early
earlier
earliest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est
clever
cleverer
cleverest
narrow
narrower
narrowest
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和most
careful
more
careful
most
careful
popular
more
popular
most
popular
efficiently
more
efficiently
most
efficiently
特别提醒①有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common,handsome,quiet,wicked,pleasant,cruel,stupid和以-ow,-er结尾的词。
②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrong(错误的),excellent(优秀的),favourite(最喜爱的),possible(可能的),empty(空的)等。
◆不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good,well
better
best
bad,ill
worse
worst
many,much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
2.形容词和副词比较等级常见句式
项　目
例　句
as...as.../not
so
(as)...as...,意为“和……(不)一样……”
She
is
as
tall
as
her
mother.
I
am
not
as/
so
good
a
player
as
you
are.
比较级
(+
than),意为“一方比另一方……”
This
picture
is
more
beautiful
than
that
one.
I
have
never
seen
a
more
interesting
film.
续　表　　
项　目
例　句
less
+原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……”
This
room
is
less
beautiful
than
that
one.
the
+比较级,the
+比较级,意为“越……越……”
The
harder
you
work,the
more
progress
you
will
make.
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义
I
have
never
spent
a
more
worrying
day.
more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……”
He
is
more
shy
than
unfriendly.
以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等
The
book
is
superior
to
that
one
I
just
finished
reading.
no+比较级+than两者都不
This
book
is
no
more
interesting
than
that
once.
The+比较级+of
the
two两者中较为……
the
older
of
the
two
注意1.可以修饰比较级的程度副词有:still,rather,much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,byfar,agreatdeal
2.常用as...as结构的词组:
(1)aslongas只要
(2)asfaras远到……;就……而言
(3)assoonas一……就……
(4)aswellas既……又;和……一样好
(5)asgoodas与……几乎一样;几乎;简直是;和……一样好
(6)as...aspossible尽可能……
(7)asbusyasabee非常忙碌
考点五　倍数的表达
A
is+倍数+比较级+than+B
This
building
is
three
times
higher
than
that
one.
A
is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
This
building
is
three
times
as
high
as
that
one.
续　表　　
A
is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height
等)+of+B
This
building
is
three
times
the
height
of
that
one.
A
is+倍数+that+of+B
The
output
of
this
year
is
3
times
that
of
2019.
A
is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
The
output
of
this
year
is
3
times
what
it
was
in
2019.
考点六　常用的分词形容词和副词
有些动词的分词可以用作形容词,在该形容词后加-ly
则可以构成相应的副词。
形容词
副　词
exciting令人兴奋的
excited兴奋的
excitingly令人兴奋地
excitedly兴奋地
disappointing令人失望的
disappointed失望的
disappointingly令人失望地
disappointedly失望地
surprising令人吃惊的
surprised吃惊的
surprisingly令人吃惊地
surprisedly吃惊地
shocking令人震惊的
shocked震惊的
shockingly令人震惊地
shockedly震惊地
amazing令人惊奇的
amazed感到惊奇的
amazingly令人惊奇地
amazedly感到惊奇地
interesting有趣的
interested感兴趣的
interestingly有趣地
interestedly感兴趣地
embarrassing令人尴尬的
embarrassed感到尴尬的
embarrassingly令人尴尬地
embarrassedly感到尴尬地
confusing令人感到困惑的
confused感到困惑的
confusingly令人感到困惑地
confusedly感到困惑地
专项训练巩固提升　
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.In
fact,1924
is
often
considered
the
beginning
of
a
　　　　　(true)
modern
Olympic
era.?
2.Raymond’s
parents
wanted
him
to
have
the
　　　　　(good)
possible
education.?
3.The
new
group
of
students
is
better-behaved
than
the
other
group
who
stayed
here
　　　　　(early).?
4.The
final
score
of
the
basketball
match
was
93-94.We
were
only
　　　　　(narrow)
beaten.?
5.Alan
is
a
careful
driver,but
he
drives
the
least
　　　　　(careful)
of
my
friends.?
6.She
devoted
herself
　　　　　(entire)
to
her
research
and
it
earned
her
a
good
reputation
in
her
field.?
7.The
committee
is
discussing
the
problem
right
now.It
will
　　　　　(hope)
have
been
solved
by
the
end
of
next
week.?
8.Scientists
hope
that
these
precautions
will
prevent
any
　　　　　(far)
damage
to
the
paintings.?
9.Bob
ran
the
100
meters
in
9.91
seconds,and
I
have
not
seen
a
　　　　　(good)
one
this
year.?
10.Mr
Smith
used
to
smoke
　　　　　(heavy)
but
he
has
given
it
up.?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.He
had
such
many
falls
that
he
was
black
and
blue
all
over.　　　　　?
2.Although
the
climate
and
the
landscape
are
pleased,people
lead
a
tough
life
there.　　　　　?
3.I’m
sure
we’ll
have
a
wonderfully
time
together.　　　　　?
4.I
could
good
remember
the
incident
that
happened
on
the
cold
Monday
evening.　　　　　?
5.Unfortunate,there
are
too
many
people
in
my
family.　　　　　?
6.I
went
to
visit
her
this
morning,but
she
got
very
much
angry
with
me
for
spending
my
money
on
flowers.　　　　　?
7.After
an
hour
or
so
we
began
to
feel
very
frightening.　　　　　?
8.After
learning
the
basics
of
the
subject,nothing
else
seemed
very
practically
to
me.　　　　　?
9.Located
in
North
America,Canada
is
the
second
large
country
with
the
largest
number
of
lakes
in
the
world.　　　　　?
10.Nothing
is
much
easy
to
defeat
you
when
you
often
assess
yourself
negatively.　　　　　?
Ⅲ.语法填空
Some
time
ago,a
friend
of
mine,who
worked
in
a
part
of
the
city
I
didn’t
know
very
1.　　　　　(good),invited
me
to
call
on
him.It
took
me
hours
to
get
there
and
I
took
2.(greatly)
trouble
to
find
a
proper
spot
to
park
my
car.As
I
was
already
three-quarters
of
an
hour
late,I
parked
my
car
3.　　　　　(quick).?
At
noon,just
as
I
was
leaving
my
friend’s
office,it
4.(sudden)
struck
me
that
I
had
no
idea
where
I
had
parked
my
car.I
could
5.　　　　　(hard)
go
up
to
a
policeman
and
tell
him
that
I
had
lost
a
small
green
car
somewhere!Walking
down
the
street,I
examined
each
car
6.　　　　　(close)
and
was
very
happy
to
see
a
small
green
car
just
behind
an
old
car.But
How
7.　　　　　(disappoint)
I
was
to
discover
that
though
the
car
was
8.(exact)
like
my
own,it
belonged
to
someone
else!Feeling
quite
9.　　　　　(tire),I
went
off
for
lunch.Some
time
10.　　　　　(late),I
left
the
restaurant
and
walked
down
the
street.Turning
the
corner,I
nearly
jumped
for
joy:my
car
was
right
in
front
of
me,and
there
was
no
problem
this
time.?
Ⅳ.短文改错
Mr
Page,
How
are
you
doing?
It’s
a
honour
to
invite
you
to
our
school
give
a
lecture
to
the
students.What
the
students
are
interesting
in
is
what
Princeton
University
is
like.However,the
students
are
eager
to
know
that
how
they
can
be
admitted
by
the
university.Busy
as
you
are,you
are
still
willingly
to
prepare
for
the
lecture.Here,I
expressed
gratitude
to
you
on
behalf
of
all
the
students.What’s
worse,the
lecture
will
be
holding
between
4:00
pm
to
5:00
pm
next
Tuesday
in
the
lecture
hall
in
the
second
floor
of
the
school
main
building.
Hope
to
see
you
then.
Yours,
Li
Hua
专题四　形容词和副词
核心考点·课堂突破
高考感悟
Ⅰ.1.extremely　2.Certainly　3.beautiful　4.finest　5.gently
6.wealthy　7.poorly　8.higher　9.finally　10.wonderful
11.traditional;hugely
Ⅱ.1.simply→simple　2.surely→sure　3.surely→sure
4.concerning→concerned　5.sooner→soon　6.interesting→interested　7.hardly→hard　8.coolly→cool　9.too→very/so
专项训练·巩固提升
Ⅰ.1.truly　2.best　3.earlier　4.narrowly　5.carefully　6.entirely　7.hopefully　8.further　9.better　10.heavily
Ⅱ.1.such→so　2.pleased→pleasing　3.wonderfully→wonderful
4.good→well　5.Unfortunate→Unfortunately　6.去掉much
7.frightening→frightened　8.practically→practical　9.large→largest　10.easy→easier
Ⅲ.1.well　2.great　3.quickly　4.suddenly　5.hardly　6.closely
7.disappointed　8.exactly　9.tired　10.later
8