高中英语人教版（新课程标准）必修1 Unit 1 Friendship Learning about Language课件(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
Unit
1　Friendship
Learning
about
Language
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
观察上面对话,
完成下列句子:
1.
“I
don’t
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary,
”
said
Anne.
安妮说:
“我不想在日记中记流水账。”
→Anne
said
that
______________to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary.
?
she
didn’t
want
2.
“What
do
you
call
your
diary?
”
Anne’s
sister
asked
her.
安妮的姐姐问她:
“你怎么称呼你的日记?
”
→Anne’s
sister
asked
her
what
____________diary.
?
she
called
her
【语法精讲】
“I
feel
that
happiness
is
achieved
through
hard
work,
”
President
Xi
said.
(引号内为直接引语)
→President
Xi
said
that
he
felt
that
happiness
was
achieved
through
hard
work.
(第一个that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)
直接引语
将别人的话一字不改地放在引号内。引语前常使用逗号,
而不是冒号;
引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写
间接引语
用自己的话对别人的话进行转述,
不用加引号。间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化
直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则
一、人称变化的三原则
1.
“第一人称随主”原则:
如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰,
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
2.
“第二人称随宾”原则:
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰,
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,
也可以用第一人称。
3.
“第三人称不更新”原则:
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰,
从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
【即学活用】
将下列句子改为间接引语
(1)She
said,
“My
brother
wants
to
go
shopping
with
me.
”
→She
said
______________________________________.
?
(2)I
said
to
him,
“You
have
made
the
mistake
again.
”
→I
told
him
that
___________________________.
?
(3)Mr
Smith
said,
“Jack
is
a
good
worker.
”
→
Mr
Smith
said
_____________________.
?
her
brother
wanted
to
go
shopping
with
her
he
had
made
the
mistake
again
Jack
was
a
good
worker
二、时态的变化(以主句为过去时为例)
1.
一般情况
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时
Mother
said,
“Jack
is
a
good
boy.
”
→
Mother
said
that
Jack
was
a
good
boy.
“I
haven’t
heard
from
my
parents
these
days,
”
said
Mary.
→Mary
said
that
she
hadn’t
heard
from
her
parents
those
days.
They
said,
“We
caught
the
thief
in
the
street.
”
→They
said
that
they
had
caught
the
thief
in
the
street.
2.
直接引语变间接引语,
时态无变化的情况
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言;
The
teacher
said,
“The
earth
is
round.
”
→The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
is
round.
My
teacher
said
to
us
yesterday,
“Early
birds
catch
worms.
”
昨天我的老师对我们说:
“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)
→My
teacher
told
us
yesterday
that
early
birds
catch
worms.
昨天我的老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。
Tom
said,
“I
was
born
on
April
21,
1980.
”
→Tom
said
he
was
born
on
April
21,
1980.
【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语
(1)She
said,
“I
am
reading
a
book.
”
→She
said
____________________.
?
(2)She
said,
“I
will
go
to
see
my
friend.
”
→She
said
__________________________.
?
(3)She
said,
“I
had
called
him
before
I
came
here.
”
→She
said
that
___________________________________.
?
(4)He
said,
“I
get
up
at
six
every
morning.
”
→
He
said
___________________________.
?
she
was
reading
a
book
she
would
go
to
see
her
friend
she
had
called
him
before
she
went
there
he
gets
up
at
six
every
morning
三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
类型
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this/these
that/those
时间状语
now
then
today
that
day
tonight
that
night
this
week(month.
.
.
)
that
week(month.
.
.
)
yesterday
the
day
before
last
week(month.
.
.
)
the
week(month.
.
.
)before
two
weeks(months.
.
.
)ago
two
weeks(months.
.
.
)before
tomorrow
the
next
day
next
week(month.
.
.
)
the
next
week(month.
.
.
)
The
girl
said,
“I
will
come
this
morning.
”
→The
girl
said
that
she
would
go
that
morning.
David
said,
“I
haven’t
seen
her
today.
”
→David
said
that
he
hadn’t
seen
her
that
day.
Bob
said,
“My
sister
was
here
three
days
ago.
”
→Bob
said
that
his
sister
had
been
there
three
days
before/earlier.
类型
直接引语
间接引语
地点状语
here
there
方向性
动词
come
go
bring
take
【点津】不变化的特例
上面的变化要根据说话的实际情况来定,
不能机械照搬。假如就在当地转述,
here就不必改为there。如果就在当天转述,
yesterday,
tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语
(1)She
said,
“It
is
nine
o’clock
now.
”
→She
said
that
_____________________.
?
(2)She
said,
“I
went
there
yesterday.
”
→She
said
that
_____________________________.
?
(3)She
said,
“I
will
go
there
tomorrow.
”
→She
said
that
____________________________________.
?
(4)The
captain
said,
“They
will
arrive
the
day
after
tomorrow.
”
→The
captain
said
that
_______________________________.
?
it
was
nine
o’clock
then
she
had
gone
there
the
day
before
she
would
go
there
the
next/following
day
they
would
arrive
in
two
days’
time
四、句子结构的变化
1.
直接引语是陈述句,
变为间接引语时,
常变成由that引导的宾语从句。
在口语中,
that可以省略。主句谓语“said
to
sb.
”常改为“told
sb.
”。
He
said,
“I
was
cooking
when
the
earthquake
happened.
”
→He
said(that)
he
was
cooking
when
the
earthquake
happened.
She
said
to
me,
“I
came
back
an
hour
ago.
”
→She
told
me
(that)
she
had
come
back
an
hour
before.
2.
直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,
间接引语中用whether(.
.
.
or.
.
.
或.
.
.
or
not)或if引导。如果主句中谓语动词是said,
则将其改为asked。
“Do
you
think
a
diary
can
become
your
friend?
”
the
writer
says.
→The
writer
asks
us
if
we
think
a
diary
can
become
our
friend.
3.
直接引语为特殊疑问句时,
间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导。
“When
did
you
go
to
bed
last
night?
”
Father
said
to
Anne.
→Father
asked
Anne
when
she
went
to
bed
the
night
before.
【名师点津】
直接引语为疑问句,
变为间接引语时,
要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
【巧学助记】巧记“直”变“间”
陈述句变间接引语:
去掉引号加that。
一般疑问句变间接引语:
去掉引号加if/whether,
陈述语序要记住。
特殊疑问句变间接引语:
直接去引号,
陈述莫忘掉,
小心助动词,
丢它最重要。
以上变化请牢记,
时态人称和状语,
小心变化别马虎。
【即学活用】同义句转换
(1)The
boy
said,
“I
was
talking
when
the
teacher
came
in.
”
→The
boy
_________he
was
talking
when
the
teacher
came
in.
?
(2)“Which
room
do
you
live
in?
”
he
asked.
→He
asked
me
___________I
lived
in.
?
(3)“Has
he
ever
worked
in
Shanghai?
”
Jim
asked.
→Jim
asked
_________he
had
ever
worked
in
Shanghai.
said
(that)
which
room
whether/if
课堂测评
Ⅰ.
将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.
The
local
reporter
said,
“The
foreigners
have
arrived
at
the
scene
of
the
accident.
”
→The
local
reporter
said
that
_______________________________________
________?
2.
Mary
asked
John,
“Can
you
come
and
help
me
water
my
flowers?
”
→Mary
asked
John
______________________________________________.
?
3.
The
teacher
asked
Peter,
“Why
didn’t
you
attend
the
first
class
this
morning?
”
→The
teacher
asked
Peter
____________________________________________.
?
the
foreigners
had
arrived
at
the
scene
of
the
accident.
whether/if
he
could
go
and
help
her
water
her
flowers
why
he
hadn’t
attended
the
first
class
that
morning
4.
They
told
their
son,
“The
earth
circles
round
the
sun
all
the
time.
”
→They
told
their
son
that
_____________________________________.
?
5.
The
young
man
said
to
me,
“I
was
born
in
1990.
”
→The
young
man
____________________________.
?
6.
Tom
said,
“I
am
going
to
play
basketball
tomorrow.
”
→Tom
said
that
______________________________________.
?
the
earth
circles
round
the
sun
all
the
time
told
me
that
he
was
born
in
1990
he
was
going
to
play
basketball
the
next
day
7.
Mother
asked
me,
“Had
you
finished
your
homework
by
9
o’clock
last
night?
”
→Mother
asked
me
________________________________________________
___________.
?
8.
He
says,
“I
bought
you
a
book
yesterday.
”
→He
says
that
___________________________.
?
whether/if
I
had
finished
my
homework
by
9
o’clock
the
night
before
he
bought
me
a
book
yesterday
Ⅱ.
完成句子
1.
I
asked
him
______________________________________.
?
我问他那个晚上是否将待在家里。
2.
Mr
Smith
said
that
__________________________________in
the
world.
?
史密斯先生说中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
3.
Jack
asked
John
_________________when
he
met
him
in
the
street.
?
杰克在街上碰到约翰的时候问他正要往哪里去。
4.
Kate
asked
_________________________________.
?
凯特问我的妹妹是否喜欢这条蓝色的裙子。
whether/if
he
would
stay
at
home
that
night
China
is
the
biggest
developing
country
where
he
was
going
whether
my
sister
liked
the
blue
dress
5.
“_____________________?
”
Mother
asked
me.
?
“他现在住在哪里?
”妈妈问我。
6.
He
______________that
if
he
had
enough
time,
____________________.
?
他告诉他的母亲如果有足够的时间,
他会去游泳。
7.
He
asked
us
whether
Tom
______________________________.
?
他问我们汤姆是那天还是前一天离开的。
8.
He
______me,
“________________________.
”?
他对我说:
“我把书留在你的房间里了。”
Where
does
he
live
now
told
his
mother
he
would
go
swimming
had
left
that
day
or
the
day
before
said
to
I
left
the
book
in
your
room
9.
Father
asked
Peter,
“_____________________________?
”?
父亲问彼得:
“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的?
”
10.
The
little
girl
replied/answered
loudly,
“______________________________
_______.
”?
小女孩大声回答道:
“太阳从东边升起,
西边落下。”
When
did
you
go
to
bed
last
night
The
sun
rises
in
the
east
and
sets
in
the
west
【语法应用】
　　用间接引语讲述李平和他的爸爸就学习问题的交流。
1.
李平告诉我两天前他和他的爸爸交谈了一下。
2.
他的爸爸问他想做什么,
是否想成为一名律师。
3.
李平告诉爸爸下周有个考试。他不知道他已经失败过多少次了,
还有他能否赶上其他同学。
4.
他的爸爸告诉他失败是成功之母。
5.
最后,
李平希望他的爸爸从那时起不要给他太多压力。
　　Li
Ping
told
me
that
he
had
had
a
talk
with
his
father
two
days
before.
His
father
asked
him
what
he
wanted
to
be
and
whether
he’d
like
to
be
a
lawyer.
Li
Ping
told
his
father
that
there
would
be
an
exam
the
next
week.
He
didn’t
know
how
many
times
he
had
failed
and
whether
he
could
catch
up
with
others.
His
father
told
him
that
failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
At
last,
Li
Ping
hoped
that
his
father
would
not
give
him
too
much
pressure
from
then
on.
?