专题04
动词和动词短语
一、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.3
天津卷
单选）Henry
David
Thoreau
was
happy
to????????????from
social
life,
seeking
a
harmonious
relationship
with
nature
in
the
quietness
of
his
life.
A.
judge
B.
differ
C.
withdraw
D.
benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：梭罗乐于退出社会生活，在宁静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A.judge判断；B.differ不同于；C.withdraw撤退、（使）退出；D.benefit对……有用。根据句意可知，本空应填withdraw。故选：C。
2.（2021.6
浙江卷
完形填空）
At
this
store,
people??????8??????and
then
go
off
to
the
side
to?bag?their
own
groceries.
My
mother
was
putting
her
groceries
into
shopping
bags
when
a?stranger??came
up
her
and
said.
8.A.show
up
B.call
in
C.check
out
D.sit
down
【答案】选C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A.
show
up出现，露面；B.
call
in召来，拜访；C.
check
out结账离开；D.
sit
down坐下。根据句意
"人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品"
可知是
"结账"，故选C。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷
完形填空）
They
rushed
to
the
window,
30
or
40
birds
all
trying
to??????13??????at
the
same
time,
and
pepperoni—everywhere.
13.A.wake
up
B.get
out
C.take
off
D.break
in
【答案】选B
【解析】考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A.
wake
up
唤醒??
B.
get
out??????
出去????
C.
take
off
脱下；起飞
D.
break
in
闯入。故选B。
4.（2021.6新高考1卷
完形填空）
?????11??????a
bit
and
the
cakes
pile
up.
As
I
told
my
parents
at
dinner
that
first
night,
it
was
all
a
little
more
high-pressure
than
I'd?expected.
11.A.Calm
down
B.Slow
down
C.Stay
on
D.Move
on
【答案】选B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知，这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
5.（2021.3
天津卷
完形填空）
With
that
thought
in
mind,
Pruitt??????7??????a
plan
and
posted
it
on
the
community
website.
A.came
up
with
B.stuck
to
C.gave
up
D.broke
away
from
【答案】选A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A.
come
up
with提出；B.
stick
to坚持；C.
give
up放弃；D.
break
away
from突然逃跑。根据后文
"a
plan
and
posted
it
on
the
community
website"
指想出了一个计划，come
up
with符合语境。故选A。
二、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）There
will
still
be
lots
of
challenges
if
we
are
to
_____
garbage
in
a
short
time.
A.
clarify
B.
justify
C.
satisfy
D.
classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A.
clarify澄清；B.
justify证明；C.
satisfy
满足；D.
classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
2.
The
speed
of
6G
will
exceed
125
GB/s,
______
a
new
generation
of
virtual
reality.
A.
allowing
for
B.
accounting
for
C.
calling
for
D.
compensating
for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125
GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A.
allowing
for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B.
accounting
for解释；C.
calling
for需要，要求；呼吁；D.
compensating
for补偿。根据空前The
speed
of
6G
will
exceed
125
GB/s可知，125
GB/s
的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
3．（2020·天津卷单项填空）I
never
worried
about
my
son
while
I
was
away
because
my
mother
______
him.
A．drank
a
toast
to
B．played
a
joke
on
C．kept
an
eye
on
D．made
an
apology
to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A.
drank
a
toast
to为……干杯；B.
played
a
joke
on开……的玩笑；C.
kept
an
eye
on照看，留意，密切注视；D.
made
an
apology
to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
4．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We
offered
to
give
Sharon
a
ride
home,
but
she
______,
saying
that
she
felt
like
walking.
A．understood
B．accepted
C．compromised
D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A.
understood
理解；B.
accepted接受；C.
compromised妥协；D.
declined谢绝。根据“saying
that
she
felt
like
walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We
can’t
______
buying
a
new
printer
for
our
company.
The
one
we
have
doesn’t
work.
A．take
up
B．carry
out
C．keep
on
D．put
off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A.
take
up占据；B.
carry
out实施；C.
keep
on
继续；D.
put
off推迟。根据“the
one
we
have
doesn’t
work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
6．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We
offered
to
give
Sharon
a
ride
home,
but
she
______,
saying
that
she
felt
like
walking.
A．understood
B．accepted
C．compromised
D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A.
understood
理解；B.
accepted接受；C.
compromised妥协；D.
declined谢绝。根据“saying
that
she
felt
like
walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
三、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A
city
is
the
product
of
the
human
hand
and
mind,
__________
man's
intelligence
and
creativity.
A.
resembling
B.
reflecting
C.
reviewing
D.
restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate
heard
a
man's
voice
in
the
background,
but
she
couldn't
___________
what
he
was
saying.
A.
set
aside
B.
take
back
C.
make
out
D.
keep
off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：
凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set
aside“存储，留出”；
take
back“收回，拿回”；make
out“辨认出，理解，了解”；
keep
off“（使）避开”。故选C。
3.
（2019·北京卷·完形填空）He
asks
you
questions
and
actually
remembers
the
answers,
so
the
next
time
you
ride
with
him,
he'll
___21___
those
things.
A.
act
on
B.
settle
on
C.
check
on
D.
agree
on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，
Wilson会检查（check
on）上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
四、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】8.
It
took
him
a
long
time
to___________
the
skills
he
needed
to
become
a
good
dancer.
A.
display
B.
acquire
C.
teach
D.
test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A
display显示；B.
acquire获得；C.
teach教；D.
test测试。故选B。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】3.
At
first
Robert
wouldn't
let
his
daughter
go
diving,
but
eventually
he___________
as
she
was
so
confidence
about
her
skills.
A.
gave
in
B.
dressed
up
C.
broke
in
D.
turned
up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A.
gave
in屈服，让步；B.
dressed
up打扮；C.
broke
in闯入；打断；D.
turned
up出现。根据转折词but及原因as
she
was
so
confident
about
her
skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
3.【2018·江苏】25.
Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?which?_______
a
clear
road
map
and
timetable.
A.
calls?for
B.
calls?on
C.
calls?off
D.
calls?up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.
calls
for需要；B.
calls
on号召；C.
calls
off取消；D.
calls
up使想起。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
4.【2018·江苏】22.
Kids?shouldn’t?have?access?to?violent?films?because?they?might?_______
the?things?they
see.
A.
indicate
B.
investigate
C.
imitate
D.
innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A.
indicate指示；B.
investigate调查；C.
imitate模仿；D.
innovate改革。故选C。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识记与掌握。
2017年高考真题
1.
【2017·天津卷】5.
Mr.
and
Mrs.
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
_____,
get
married,
and
have
kids.
A.
settled
down
B.
keep
off
C.
get
up
D.
cut
in
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.
安顿下来；B.
远离；C.起床；D.
插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
考点：考查动词短语。
【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的记忆，包括动词本身的含义、一词多义以及词组的搭配，做题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系再进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
2.【2017·江苏卷】30.
A
quick
review
of
successes
and
failures
at
the
end
of
year
will
help
_______
your
year
ahead.
A.
shape
B.
switch
C.
stretch
D.
sharpen
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的辨析。A.
shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B.
switch转变，交换，
调班；C.
stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D.
sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
考点：考查动词的辨析
3.【2017·
江苏】25.Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
_______
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
A.
held
out
B.
brought
out
C.
picked
out
D.
given
out
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。held
out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B.
brought
out使显现，阐明，出版；
C.picked
out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D.
given
out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句
意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
考点：考查动词短语辨析专题04
动词和动词短语
一、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.3
天津卷
单选）
Henry
David
Thoreau
was
happy
to????????????from
social
life,
seeking
a
harmonious
relationship
with
nature
in
the
quietness
of
his
life.
A.
judge
B.
differ
C.
withdraw
D.
benefit
2.（2021.6
浙江卷
完形填空）
At
this
store,
people??????8??????and
then
go
off
to
the
side
to?bag?their
own
groceries.
My
mother
was
putting
her
groceries
into
shopping
bags
when
a?stranger??came
up
her
and
said.
8.A.show
up
B.call
in
C.check
out
D.sit
down
3.（2021.6全国甲卷
完形填空）
They
rushed
to
the
window,
30
or
40
birds
all
trying
to??????13??????at
the
same
time,
and
pepperoni—everywhere.
13.A.wake
up
B.get
out
C.take
off
D.break
in
4.（2021.6新高考1卷
完形填空）
?????11??????a
bit
and
the
cakes
pile
up.
As
I
told
my
parents
at
dinner
that
first
night,
it
was
all
a
little
more
high-pressure
than
I'd?expected.
11.A.Calm
down
B.Slow
down
C.Stay
on
D.Move
on
5.（2021.3
天津卷
完形填空）
With
that
thought
in
mind,
Pruitt??????7??????a
plan
and
posted
it
on
the
community
website.
A.came
up
with
B.stuck
to
C.gave
up
D.broke
away
from
二、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）There
will
still
be
lots
of
challenges
if
we
are
to
_____
garbage
in
a
short
time.
A.
clarify
B.
justify
C.
satisfy
D.
classify
2.
The
speed
of
6G
will
exceed
125
GB/s,
______
a
new
generation
of
virtual
reality.
A.
allowing
for
B.
accounting
for
C.
calling
for
D.
compensating
for
3．（2020·天津卷单项填空）I
never
worried
about
my
son
while
I
was
away
because
my
mother
______
him.
A．drank
a
toast
to
B．played
a
joke
on
C．kept
an
eye
on
D．made
an
apology
to
4．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We
offered
to
give
Sharon
a
ride
home,
but
she
______,
saying
that
she
felt
like
walking.
A．understood
B．accepted
C．compromised
D．declined
5．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We
can’t
______
buying
a
new
printer
for
our
company.
The
one
we
have
doesn’t
work.
A．take
up
B．carry
out
C．keep
on
D．put
off
6．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We
offered
to
give
Sharon
a
ride
home,
but
she
______,
saying
that
she
felt
like
walking.
A．understood
B．accepted
C．compromised
D．declined
三、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A
city
is
the
product
of
the
human
hand
and
mind,
__________
man's
intelligence
and
creativity.
A.
resembling
B.
reflecting
C.
reviewing
D.
restoring
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate
heard
a
man's
voice
in
the
background,
but
she
couldn't
___________
what
he
was
saying.
A.
set
aside
B.
take
back
C.
make
out
D.
keep
off
3.
（2019·北京卷·完形填空）He
asks
you
questions
and
actually
remembers
the
answers,
so
the
next
time
you
ride
with
him,
he'll
___21___
those
things.
A.
act
on
B.
settle
on
C.
check
on
D.
agree
on
四、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】8.
It
took
him
a
long
time
to___________
the
skills
he
needed
to
become
a
good
dancer.
A.
display
B.
acquire
C.
teach
D.
test
2.【2018·天津】3.
At
first
Robert
wouldn't
let
his
daughter
go
diving,
but
eventually
he___________
as
she
was
so
confidence
about
her
skills.
A.
gave
in
B.
dressed
up
C.
broke
in
D.
turned
up
3.【2018·江苏】25.
Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?which?_______
a
clear
road
map
and
timetable.
A.
calls?for
B.
calls?on
C.
calls?off
D.
calls?up
4.【2018·江苏】22.
Kids?shouldn’t?have?access?to?violent?films?because?they?might?_______
the?things?they
see.
A.
indicate
B.
investigate
C.
imitate
D.
innovate
2017年高考真题
1.
【2017·天津卷】5.
Mr.
and
Mrs.
Brown
would
like
to
see
their
daughter
_____,
get
married,
and
have
kids.
A.
settled
down
B.
keep
off
C.
get
up
D.
cut
in
2.【2017·江苏卷】30.
A
quick
review
of
successes
and
failures
at
the
end
of
year
will
help
_______
your
year
ahead.
A.
shape
B.
switch
C.
stretch
D.
sharpen
3.【2017·
江苏】25.Working
with
the
medical
team
in
Africa
has
_______
the
best
in
her
as
a
doctor.
A.
held
out
B.
brought
out
C.
picked
out
D.
given
out
