专题01
冠词、名词、
一、2021年高考真题
1.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空）
Ecotourism
is
commonly
regarded
as
low
impact(影响)travel
to
undisturbed
places.
It
is
different
from
traditional
tourism
because
it
allows
the
traveler
to
become
educated
about
the
areas
-
both
in
terms
of
geographical
conditions
and
cultural
characteristics,
and
often
provides
money
for
conservation
and
benefits
the
___62___(develop)of
the
local
areas.
…..
Due
to
___65___
growing
popularity
of
environmentally-related
and
adventure
travel,
various
types
of
trips
are
now
being
classified
as
ecotourism.
Actually,
a
true
eco-friendly
trip
must
meet
the
following
principles:
【答案】62.development
65.the
【解析】
62.
考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
65.
考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing
popularity
of
environmental-related
and
adventure
travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
2.（2021年全国乙卷短文改错）I
love
doing
housework.
I
always
assist
my
parents
in
doing
the
dish
after
meals…..
【答案】
dish→dishes
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语“do
the
dishes”译为“洗餐具”。故将dish改为dishes。
3.
（2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空）What
is
so
breathtaking
about
the
experience
is
the
out-of-this-world
scenes.
The
rolling
sea
of
clouds
you
see
once
you
are
at
the
top
will
remind
you
how
tiny
we
____57____
(human)
are.
……
As
the
song
goes,
this
long
and
winding
road
“will
never
disappear”,
and
it
will
always
stick
in
the
visitor’s
memory.
It
sure
does
in
mine.
While
you’re
in
China,
Mount
Huangshan
is
____65____
must
to
visit!
【答案】57.humans
65.a
【解析】
57.
考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
62.
考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
4.
（2021年全国甲卷语法填空）We
hired
our
bikes
from
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
but
did
the
job.
It
took
us
about
3
hours
to
go
all
___48___
way
around
the
Xi'an
City
Wall.
Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
___49___
(watchtower)
to
fake
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
daily
routines.
【答案】
48.the
49.
watchtowers
【解析】
48.
考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all
the
way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
49.
考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
5.
（2021年全国甲卷短文改错）
Many
students
say
they
will
talk
to
their
friend
or
classmates
because
they're
of
the
same
age
and
can
understand
each
other.
【答案】
friend→friends
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：许多同学说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”为可数名词，结合句中their，所以此处要用复数。故friend改为friends。
6.
（2021年浙江卷语法填空）
In
1844
they
bought
it
for
$1,200
and
some
land
from
Charles
Dresser,
who
performed
their
___38___
（marry）ceremony
in
1842.
…….
___44___
Lincolns
enlarged
the
house
to
a
full
two
stories
in
1856
to
meet
the
needs
of
their
growing
family.
Three
of
the
four
Lincoln
sons
were
born
here.
【答案】38.
marriage
44.The
【解析】
38.
考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage
ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
44.
考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
7.
(2021年1月天津7)Great
improvements
in
public
health
have
been
brought
about
by
________
in
medical
science.
A．traditions
B．advances
C．pressures
D．examples
【答案】B
【解析】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A.
traditions传统；B.
advances前进，进步；C.
pressures压力；D.
examples例子。根据上文“Great
improvements
in
public
health
have
been
brought
about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
二、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be
of
interest
to
sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.
【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese
New
Year
is
a
61
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
4.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
【答案】将vacations改为vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer
vacation
译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
5.
（2020·江苏卷单项填空）The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.
reservation
B.
transformation
C.
distinction
D.
submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A.
reservation预订；B.
transformation改革，变革；C.
distinction区别；D.
submission提交。根据前文The
health
security
systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
三、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.
priority优先；优先权；B.
potential潜在的，可能的；C.
proportion比例，占比；D.
pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。
statement“陈述说明”；
impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；
impression“印象，感想”；
judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of
___69___
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
4【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
【答案】
Suddenly
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
almost
hit
me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.
First,
I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
looked
so
coolly.
Then,
when
I
was
in
the
five
grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
too
much.
…
【答案】
Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
（1）I
would
like
to
do.
First,
I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
looked
so
（2）.
Then,
when
I
was
in
the
（3）
grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
（4）
much.
【解析】（1）
考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。
（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so
much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too
much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so
much
或very
much，故将too改为very/so。
6.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody
wears___57___
same
style
of
clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
附赠：2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】6.
The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
D.
invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.
advice建议；B.
order命令；C.
possibility可能性；D.
invitation邀请。故选C。
【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·江苏】32.
Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment
B.
association
C.
acquisition
D.
assumption
【答案】D
【解题指导】本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually
happening实际发生和instead
of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。
3.
【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
4.
【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
5.
【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
___62___
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
6.
【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】Unexpectedly,
I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at
____62____
top
of
her
lungs.
That
makes
her
baby
scream,
and
then
a
400-pound
male
appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at
the
top
of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
7.
【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
___66___(science)who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
8.
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
56
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
8.
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】F
Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
64
(weigh)
problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
1.
【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】As
65
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as
a
result表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
2.
【2017·新课标卷II
·语法填空】It
ran
for
just
under
seven
kilometers
and
allowed
people
to
avoid
terrible
61 (crowd)
on
the
roads
above
as
they
travelled
to
and
fromwork.
【答案】crowds
【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。
2.
【2017·新课标卷II
·语法填空】This
included
digging
up
the
road,
laying
(lay)
the
track
and
then
building
a
strong
roof
over
64 top.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在
top前加the。专题01
冠词、名词、
一、2021年高考真题
1.（2021年全国乙卷语法填空）
Ecotourism
is
commonly
regarded
as
low
impact(影响)travel
to
undisturbed
places.
It
is
different
from
traditional
tourism
because
it
allows
the
traveler
to
become
educated
about
the
areas
-
both
in
terms
of
geographical
conditions
and
cultural
characteristics,
and
often
provides
money
for
conservation
and
benefits
the
___62___(develop)of
the
local
areas.
…..
Due
to
___65___
growing
popularity
of
environmentally-related
and
adventure
travel,
various
types
of
trips
are
now
being
classified
as
ecotourism.
Actually,
a
true
eco-friendly
trip
must
meet
the
following
principles:
2.（2021年全国乙卷短文改错）I
love
doing
housework.
I
always
assist
my
parents
in
doing
the
dish
after
meals…..
3.
（2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空）What
is
so
breathtaking
about
the
experience
is
the
out-of-this-world
scenes.
The
rolling
sea
of
clouds
you
see
once
you
are
at
the
top
will
remind
you
how
tiny
we
____57____
(human)
are.
……
As
the
song
goes,
this
long
and
winding
road
“will
never
disappear”,
and
it
will
always
stick
in
the
visitor’s
memory.
It
sure
does
in
mine.
While
you’re
in
China,
Mount
Huangshan
is
____65____
must
to
visit!
4.
（2021年全国甲卷语法填空）We
hired
our
bikes
from
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
but
did
the
job.
It
took
us
about
3
hours
to
go
all
___48___
way
around
the
Xi'an
City
Wall.
Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
___49___
(watchtower)
to
fake
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
daily
routines.
5.
（2021年全国甲卷短文改错）
Many
students
say
they
will
talk
to
their
friend
or
classmates
because
they're
of
the
same
age
and
can
understand
each
other.
6.
（2021年浙江卷语法填空）
In
1844
they
bought
it
for
$1,200
and
some
land
from
Charles
Dresser,
who
performed
their
___38___
（marry）ceremony
in
1842.
…….
___44___
Lincolns
enlarged
the
house
to
a
full
two
stories
in
1856
to
meet
the
needs
of
their
growing
family.
Three
of
the
four
Lincoln
sons
were
born
here.
7.
(2021年1月天津7)Great
improvements
in
public
health
have
been
brought
about
by
________
in
medical
science.
A．traditions
B．advances
C．pressures
D．examples
二、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.
3.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese
New
Year
is
a
61
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
4.（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
5.
（2020·江苏卷单项填空）The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.
reservation
B.
transformation
C.
distinction
D.
submission
三、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
3.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of
___69___
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
are
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
4【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly
football
feel
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
5.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.
First,
I
wanted
to
be
a
fireman,
whose
uniform
looked
so
coolly.
Then,
when
I
was
in
the
five
grade,
I
wanted
to
be
a
teacher
because
I
liked
my
English
teacher
too
much.
…
6.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody
wears___57___
same
style
of
clothes.
附赠：2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】6.
The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
D.
invitation
2.【2018·江苏】32.
Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment
B.
association
C.
acquisition
D.
assumption
3.
【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
67
(cause).
4.
【2018·新课标卷I·短文改错】During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
5.
【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
___62___
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
6.
【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】Unexpectedly,
I'm
face-to-face
with
the
gorilla,
who
begins
screaming
at
____62____
top
of
her
lungs.
That
makes
her
baby
scream,
and
then
a
400-pound
male
appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at
the
top
of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
7.
【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
___66___(science)who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
8.
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
56
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
8.
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】F
Researchers
have
found
that
there
is
a
direct
link
between
the
increase
in
food
eaten
outside
the
home
and
the
rise
in
64
(weigh)
problems.
