专题09
定语从句
1.（2021.1
浙江卷
语法填空）
BMI
is
an
internationally
recognized
measurement
tool??????2??????gives
an
indication
of
whether
someone
is
a
healthy
weight.
2.（2021.3
天津卷
单选）
At
the
Chinese
art
festival,
there
are
different
stands????????????artists
demonstrate
their
skills
and
teach
the
visitors.
A.where
B.which
C.
that
D.
when
3.（2021.3
天津卷
单选）
William
Hastie
once
suggested
that
history
informs
us
of
past
mistakes????????????we
can
learn
without
repeating
them.
A.
from
which
B.
in
which
C.
with
whom
D.
for
whom
二、2020年高考真题
1.
（2020江苏高考真题）Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
__________
students
can
choose
for
free.
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
when
D.
whom
2.
（2020天津高考真题）Dr.
Rowan,
__________
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
A.
whose
B.
of
whom
C.
of
which
D.
which
5.
（2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题）In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
61
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
三、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
21.We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Their
child
is
at
the
stage__________
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield，
___62___
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
5.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
___64___
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
6.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】
In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
7.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
___58___gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
8.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
___8___
they
go.
9.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The
students
benefitting
most
from
college
are
those
___9___
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life.
四、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】5.
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
2.【2018·天津】2.
Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
3.【2018·江苏】23.
Self-driving?is?an?area?_______
China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
4.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
66
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes
(cause).
4.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
My
grandpa
said
last
summer
they
earned
quite
a
lot
by
selling
the
fish.
5.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
_started_
(start)
a
soil-testing
program
___69___
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
6.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Many
westerners
57
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
2017年高考真题
1.【2017·北京卷】31.
The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
2.【2017·江苏】28.
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
_______
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
it’s
C.
whose
D.
whom专题09
定语从句
一、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.1
浙江卷
语法填空）
BMI
is
an
internationally
recognized
measurement
tool??????2??????gives
an
indication
of
whether
someone
is
a
healthy
weight.
【答案】that
或
which
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives
an
indication
of
whether
someone
is
a
healthy
weight.是BMI
is
an
internationally
recognized
measurement
tool的定语从句，先行词为tool,
故答案为that/which。
2.（2021.3
天津卷
单选）
At
the
Chinese
art
festival,
there
are
different
stands????????????artists
demonstrate
their
skills
and
teach
the
visitors.
A.where
B.which
C.
that
D.
when
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意︰在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。分析句子成分结构可知，stands作先行词，空格后的句子为定语从句来修饰stands
，从句中不缺主宾表，故选关系副词，先行词stands在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故选：A。
3.（2021.3
天津卷
单选）
William
Hastie
once
suggested
that
history
informs
us
of
past
mistakes????????????we
can
learn
without
repeating
them.
A.
from
which
B.
in
which
C.
with
whom
D.
for
whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意︰威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子成分结构可知，past
mistakes为先行词，"we
can
learn
without
repeating
them"
为定语从句，从句中的谓语动词为can
learn。由此可知，此处讲述的是要从过去的错误中学习，固定短语：learn
from"从……中学习”，所以应用from
which引导定语从句。故选：A。
二、2020年高考真题
1.
（2020江苏高考真题）Many
lessons
are
now
available
online,
from
__________
students
can
choose
for
free.
A.
whose
B.
which
C.
when
D.
whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many
lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
2.
（2020天津高考真题）Dr.
Rowan,
__________
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago,
has
had
to
do
all
his
own
typing.
A.
whose
B.
of
whom
C.
of
which
D.
which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______
secretary
resigned
two
weeks
ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr.
Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr.
Rowan’s
”，表示“……的”
，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。
5.
（2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题）In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
61
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
三、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
21.We
have
entered
into
an
age
_______
dreams
have
the
best
chance
of
coming
true.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an
age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。
故选C。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Their
child
is
at
the
stage__________
she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she
can
say
individual
words
but
not
full
sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the
stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【答案】One
afternoon
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one
afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9am
to
5pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield，
___62___
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the
pet
shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
___64___
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】
In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
【答案】
In?the?cafe,?customers?will?enjoy?
themselves?in?the?historical?environment??is?created?for?them.?
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment
在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故
把what改为that/which。
7.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,
there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
___58___gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
8.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
___8___
they
go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The
students
benefitting
most
from
college
are
those
___9___
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
四、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·北京】5.
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
as
D.
that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____
helps
them
keep
fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
2.【2018·天津】2.
Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
A.
whom
B.
that
C.
whose
D.
her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
3.【2018·江苏】23.
Self-driving?is?an?area?_______
China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting
line.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in
which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
4.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
66
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes
(cause).
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
4.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
My
grandpa
said
last
summer
they
earned
quite
a
lot
by
selling
the
fish.
【答案】
which改成in
which或where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in
which或where。
5.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
_started_
(start)
a
soil-testing
program
___69___
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
6.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Many
westerners
57
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】that或who
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
2017年高考真题
1.【2017·北京卷】31.
The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
A.
that
B.
as
C.
where
D.
when
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who,
whom,
whose,
that,
which,
as
等）和关系副词（when,
where,
why等）。
1.
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
eg.
An
architect
is
a
person
who
/
that
designs
houses
and
buildings.
The
city
where
/
in
which
I
was
born
is
on
the
new
railway
line.
2.
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。
e.g.
I
find
it
difficult
to
cooperate
with
those
who
always
stick
to
their
own
opinions.
I
find
it
difficult
to
cooperate
with
the
one
who
always
sticks
to
his
own
opinion.
The
suit
(which
/
that
)
the
tailor
made
for
me
doesn’t
fit
me.
3.
非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that,
关系副词why,
不可用于非限定性定语从句。
4.
作介词宾语的关系代词
在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。
e.g.
The
man
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now
is
head
of
our
department.
Mrs.
Nye,
with
whom
you
shook
hands
just
now,
is
head
of
our
department.
The
room
in
which
my
family
live
used
to
be
a
garage.
2.【2017·江苏】28.
In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
_______
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
A.
which
B.
it’s
C.
whose
D.
whom
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the
World
Food
Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，
whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，
其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
考点：考查定语从句
3.【2017·天津】9.
My
eldest
son,
_______
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world,
is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
A.
that
B.
whose
C.
his
D.
who
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My
eldest
son,
根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。
考点：考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that,
which,
whom,
as，
who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose做定语；where,
why,
when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。
