2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit 4 Natural disasters 核心词汇学案（含答案）

2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit
4
Natural
disasters
核心词汇
1.
rescue
(1)
n.
援救，营救；营救行动
常见用法：come/go
to
one’s
rescue
来/去营救某人
例：A
real
friend
is
the
one
who
comes
to
your
rescue
in
your
hour
of
need.
其他搭配：rescue
workers
救援人员
the
rescue
team
救援队
（2）v.
营救；援救
常见用法：rescue…from…
把……从……营救出来
例：A
rescue
worker
from
the
rescue
team
rescued
a
boy
from
the
river.
【巧学助记】
1.
They
are
trying
to
rescue
the
company
______
ruin.
2.
A
lot
of
soldiers
were
sent
to
the
city
______
(rescue)
those
who
are
trapped
in
the
building.
3.
That
woman,
together
with
her
two
children,
______________________________
(被从……营救出来)
the
sinking
boat
by
a
passing
boat.
4.
When
these
miners
were
trapped
in
the
coal
mine,
the
firefighters
_______________
(来营救他们).
2.
damage
(1)
n.
损坏；损失;
损害赔偿金（常用复数）
常见用法：do/cause
damage
to
对……造成损害
例：Throwing
the
rubbish
everywhere
will
do/cause
serious
damage
to
our
environment.
(2)
vt.
损害；破坏
常见搭配：be
badly/seriously/slightly
damaged
遭受严重/轻微损害
例：My
car
was
badly
damaged,
but
luckily
the
kids
were
not
seriously
hurt.
【巧学助记】
1.
Eating
too
much
meat
one
time
will
do
damage
________
your
stomach.
2.
Damage
_______
(cause)
by
the
earthquake
disaster
was
very
serious.
3.
David
threatened
to
report
his
neighbor
to
the
police
if
the
________
(damage)
were
not
paid.
4.
这场事故不是很严重。那辆汽车只是轻微受损。
It
wasn’t
a
serious
accident.
The
car
______________________________.
3.
destroy
vt.
破坏，摧毁，毁灭
常见用法：be
completely/totally
destroyed
被彻底摧毁
destroy
one’s
life/faith/hope/confidence
毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心
例：The
old
Summer
Palace
was
destroyed
in
the
fire
in
1860
and
a
number
of
cultural
relics
were
lost.
The
failure
in
the
exam
didn’t
destroy
her
confidence
and
she
worked
harder
before.
【词汇拓展】
destruction
n.
破坏；毁灭
destructive
adj.
毁灭性的，引起破坏的
【巧学助记】
1.
A
huge
amount
of
environmental
damage
has
been
brought
about
by
the
_______
(destroy)
of
the
rainforest.
2.
Earthquakes
are
among
the
most
_________(destroy)
natural
disasters.
It
can
strike
without
warning.
3.
Mr.
Smith
was
caught
in
a
rainstorm
yesterday
and
his
new
car
_________
(destroy)
completely.
4.
This
accident
___________________
(毁掉了他的自信).
It
took
him
a
long
time
to
cheer
up.
3.
affect
(1)
vt.
影响
to
produce
a
change
in
sb.
例：My
teacher
affected
me
a
lot
when
I
was
young.
(2)vt.
深深打动；使悲伤/怜悯等
Many
people
were
affected
by
the
death
of
Yuan
Longping,
the
father
of
hybrid
rice.
(3)（疾病）侵袭；使感染
例：COVID-19
affected
many
people
around
the
world
in
2020.
【词汇拓展】
affection
n.
喜爱；钟爱
have
an
affection
for
喜爱……
affecting
adj.
动人的，感人的
【巧学助记】
1.
Thanks
to
the
government’s
aid,
those
_________
(affect)
by
the
earthquake
have
moved
to
the
safety.
2.
Deeply
_______
(affect)
by
the
story
of
the
girl
whose
eyesight
________
(affect)
by
the
disease,
all
the
students
moved
into
tears.
3.
I
feel
a
lot
of
_________
(affect)
for
my
grandmother,
who
often
tells
me
some
_______
(affect)
stories.
5.
shelter
(1)
n.
避难所；庇护；居所
常见用法：under
the
shelter
of
在……的庇护下
take
shelter
from
躲避……
例：The
hedgehog
(刺猬)
took
shelter
from
the
rain
under
the
mushroom.
They
enjoyed
their
picnic
under
the
shelter
of
a
huge
tree.
(2)
vt.
保护；掩蔽
vi.
躲避（风雨或危险）
常见用法:
shelter…from…
保护……免收……
shelter
from…
躲避……
例：
Trees
shelter
the
house
from
the
wind.
We
sat
in
the
shade(背阴处),
sheltering
from
the
sun.
【巧学助记】
1.
Some
parents
are
just
too
protective.
They
want
to
shelter
their
kids
________
everything.
2.
It
is
dangerous
to
take
shelter
________
rain
under
a
tree
especially
during
a
summer
rainstorm.
3.
We
were
caught
in
a
thunderstorm,
without
anywhere
_________
(shelter).
6.
ruin
(1)
v.
破坏；毁坏
常见用法：ruin
one’s
health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
例：This
mistake
ruined
his
chances
of
getting
the
offer.
(2)n.
破坏；损坏
常见用法：in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
go
to
ruin/fall
into
ruin
衰落；衰败
reduce
sth.
to
ruins
把某物夷为废墟
例：The
whole
city
lay
in
ruins
after
the
earthquake.
They
don’t
want
to
see
our
country
fall
into
financial
ruin,
or
have
children
go
hungry.
【词义辨析】ruin,
damage,
destroy
ruin
严重地损坏，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。
例：The
illness
has
ruined
my
life.
damage
指部分性破坏、损坏，一般还可以修复
例：You
have
damaged
my
bike;
you’d
better
get
it
repaired.
destroy
彻底的破坏、损坏，一般不能或很难再修复
例：The
bomb
completely
destroyed
that
building.
【巧学助记】
1.
Two
days
later,
the
fighting
between
the
two
countries
left
the
area
_______
ruins.
2.
She
went
through
a
period
of
emotional
adjustment
after
her
company
fell
______
ruins.
3.
The
rain
________
our
holiday
and
we
had
to
change
our
plan.
4.
The
city
took
on
a
new
look
after
being
reduced
to
________
(ruin)
because
of
an
earthquake.
7.
shock
(1)
n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
常见用法:
in
shock震惊,吃惊
例：He's
still
in
a
state
of
shock.
The
news
of
his
death
came
as
a
great
shock
to
everyone.
She
was
taken
to
hospital
suffering
from
shock.
(2)
vt.
(使)震惊
常见用法:It
shocks
sb.
to
see/hear...看到/听到……使某人震惊。
例：It
shocked
them
to
hear
that
he
had
gone
abroad.
听说他出国的消息,他们惊讶不已。
【词汇拓展】
(1)
shocked
adj.惊愕的,震惊的be
shocked
at
/by
对……感到震惊
be
shocked
to
do
sth.对做某事感到震惊
shocked
look/expression/voice震惊的表情/声音
(2)
shocking
adj.令人震惊的,令人憎恶的
It's
shocking
that....
……是令人震惊的。
【巧学助记】
1.I
looked
at
my
husband
________shock，waiting
for
him
to
tell
me
that
I
had
misunderstood
everything.
2.
It
shocked
me________
(
think
)
how
close
we
had
come
to
being
killed.
3.
People
were
________
(
shock
)
to
see
that
the
little
girl
was
often
beaten
by
her
stepmother.
The
________
(
shock
)
news
________
(
shock
)
all
the
people
around,
which
was
also
________shock
to
her
father
who
was
working
abroad.
4.
_____________________
(听到……让我震惊)that
the
hospital
was
closing
down.
5.
The
parents______________________
(对……感到震惊)
the
news
that
their
son
needed
an
operation
on
his
knee.
8.
trap
(1)
vt.
使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；使中计
常见用法：be
trapped
in
困在……中
trap
sb
into
(doing)
sth.
诱使某人（做）某事
例：Jack’s
friends
often
turned
to
him
for
help
when
they
were
trapped
in
trouble.
The
police
trapped
the
thief
into
a
situation
where
he
could
not
escape.
(2)
n.
陷阱；圈套
常见用法：
lay/set
a
trap
for
sb.
给某人设下圈套
fall/walk
into
a
trap
落入圈套
例：The
soldiers
set
a
trap
for
the
enemy.
If
you
choose
this
way,
you
are
likely
to
fall
into
a
trap.
【巧学助记】
1.
Think
carefully
before
you
answer
questions
online.
You
may
be
trapped
_______
giving
away
personal
information.
2.
The
soldiers
were
sent
to
the
flood-hit
area
to
save
the
people
who
______
(trap)
in
the
buildings.
9.
bury
(1)
vt.
埋葬，安葬，覆盖，遮盖，掩盖
常见用法：bury…in…
把……埋到……里
bury
one’s
face
in
one’s
hands
以手掩面
例：On
hearing
the
news,
she
buried
her
face
into
her
hands
and
wept.
(2)
vt.
使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等）
常见用法：
be
buried
in
=
bury
oneself
in…
专心致志于……
例：You’ll
have
to
bury
yourself
in
your
studies
if
you
want
to
pass
the
exam.
【巧学助记】
1.
Since
she
moved
here,
she
__________
（bury）in
her
research
work.
2.
The
volcano
erupted
and
the
lava
poured
down
the
mountain,
________
(bury)
several
villages.
10.
breathe
v.
呼吸
常见用法：
breathe
in/out
吸气/呼气
例：
His
illness
is
a
result
of
breathing
in
paint
fumes（油漆气体）
over
many
years.
He
breathed
deeply
before
speaking
again.
【词汇拓展】
breath
n.呼吸的空气;一次吸人的空气
out
of
breath气喘吁吁,上气不接下气
hold
one's
breath
屏住呼吸
take
a
deep
breath深吸一口气
lose
one's
breath
喘不过气来
【误区警示】
lose
one's
breath
与
be
out
of
breath
虽然含义相同,但是
lose
one's
breath表示动作,
be
out
of
breath表示状态。
【巧学助记】
1.
The
morning
air
is
so
good
_________
(breathe).
2.
The
doctor
told
me
to
________________
(深深吸气)
and
then
____________________
(慢慢呼气).
3.
Fred
entered
without
knocking
and,
__________________________
(上气不接下气)，
sank
into
a
chair.
11.
effort
n.
努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
常见用法：
make
an
effort
to
do
sth.
尽力做某事
It
takes
effort
to
do
sth.花费精力去做某事
spare
no
effort
to
do
sth.不遗余力地做某事
put
effort
into
(doing)
sth.努力做某事
in
an
effort
to
do
sth.为了做某事
with
/
without
effort费力地/毫不费力地
例：They
are
making
efforts
to
reduce
poverty.
I
will
make
every
effort
to
achieve
my
goal.
【巧学助记】
1.
We
should
recognize
our
children’s
efforts
_________
(push)
themselves
and
work
hard
to
achieve
a
goal.
2.
Many
parents
arrange
everything
for
their
children
and
______________________
(不易余地地)
to
pave
the
way
for
their
success.
3.
China
______________________
(正在努力)
develop
the
economy
to
improve
the
quality
of
people’s
lives.
4.
Life
is
a
continuous
process
of
fighting
and
no
one
can
achieve
success
______________
(毫不费力地).
12.
suffer
(1)
vi.
（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨，常与from连用
常见用法：
suffer
from
a
bad
cold/the
loss
of
memory/a
headache/toothache
(2)vt.
遭受，蒙受
后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience
常见用法：
suffer
pain/hardship/a
defeat/a
loss/punishment
【词汇拓展】
sufferer
n.
受苦者，受难者，患病者
suffering
n.
苦难，痛苦；让人痛苦的事（常用复数）
【巧学助记】
1.
The
old
man
is
said
to
have
gone
through
many
__________
(suffer)
during
the
war.
2.
After
_________
(suffer)
serious
damage
caused
by
the
terrible
earthquake,
the
city
realized
the
importance
of
living
in
harmony
with
nature.
3.
Many
countries
_______________
(遭受巨大损失)
in
the
financial
crisis.
4.
Mary
is
_________________
(身体不好).
13.
supply
n.&
vt.
(1)
n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品.
supply
and
command供求
the
electricity/water/gas
supply
电力/水/煤气供应.
medical/relief
supplies医疗用品/救援物资
(2)
vt.
供应;供给
supply
sb./sth.
with
sth.
supply
sth.
to
sb./sth.
为某人/某物提供某物
They
supply
the
country
with
oil.
=They
supply
oil
to
the
country.他们为那个国家供应石油。
【词语辨析】supply
,
provide
与offer
(1)
supply尤指大量供应、供给
supply
sb.
with
sth.
=supply
sth.
to
sb.
(2)
provide强调提供所需之物
provide
sb.
with
sth.=
provide
sth.
for
sb.·
I
provide
him
with
all
his
rights.
我向他提供了他的所有权利。
(3)
offer强调主动提供offer
sb.
sth.
=
offer
sth.
to
sb.
They
decided
to
offer
Jo
the
job.他们决定让乔做这个工作。
【巧学助记】
1.
At
the
beginning
of
the
semester,
students
________
(supply)
with
a
list
of
books
that
they
are
expected
to
read.
2.
They
will
supply
us
________
technology
in
support
without
asking
for
anything
in
return.
3.
This
book
will
supply
some
scientific
methods
________us
in
English
learning.
4.
Our
school
library
can
provide
all
kinds
of
good
books
________
students.
5.
Finally,
the
manager
offered
a
good
job
________
me.
14.
survive
(
1
)vt.&
vi.(经历事故、战争或疾病后)活下来,幸存(不用于被动语态)。作及物动词时其后常跟war，accident，flood,
fire，earthquake，air
crash
等词语。
She
was
the
only
person
to
survive
the
accident.
His
doctor
says
it's
a
miracle
that
he
has
survived.
(2)
vi.&
vt.
从(困难)中挺过来,艰难渡过
Many
birds
didn't
survive
the
severe
winter.
I’ve
had
tough
few
months,
but
I’ll
survive.
(
3)
vi.（靠很少的钱)v继续维持生活
常见用法:
survive
on
sth.依靠……生活
How
does
the
family
survive
on
such
a
small
monthly
wage?
(
4)
vt.
比……活(或存在)的时间长
常见用法：survive
sb.
by
+时间比某人多活……
She
survived
her
husband
by
ten
years.丈夫去世后她又活了十年。
【词汇拓展】
survival
n.
幸存，生存
survivor
n.
幸存者，生还者
【巧学助记】
1.
In
the
traffic
accident,
the
__________
(survive)
were
all
badly
injured.
2.
Earthquakes
cannot
be
predicted
,
but
your
chances
of
__________
(survive)
are
much
larger
if
you
know
what
to
do
when
an
earthquake
strikes.
3.
Baptiste
Dubanchet
is
biking
across
Europe,
surviving
entirely
_________
discarded
food.
4.
幸运的是，
所有的乘客在这次空难中生还。
Luckily,
all
the
passengers
_________________________________.
5.
他在贫穷的学生时代靠很少的钱度日。
He
_________________________
during
his
days
as
a
poor
student.
15.
strike
(1)
vi.
&
vt.
(struck
,
struck/stricken)
侵袭;突击;击打
常见用法：
be
struck
with/by被……打动
strike...
into
one's
heart使……刻骨铭心
It
strikes/hits
sb.
that.
(=It
occurs
to
sb.
that...)某人突然想起……
strike
a
match划火柴
strike
twelve
(钟)
敲12点
You'll
be
struck
by
her
beauty
the
moment
you
see
her.你一见到她,就会被她的美丽打动。
It
strikes
me
that
the
man
was
not
telling
the
truth.我突然感觉到这个人没有说实话。
(2)
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
常见用法：
be
on
strike在罢工(状态）
go
on
strike举行罢工(动作)
end/call
off
a
strike
结束罢工
【巧学助记】
一、判断下列句子中
strike的词性及含义
1.
The
country
was
struck
by
such
terrible
storms
as
few
citizens
had
ever
experienced
before.
2.
As
the
clock
struck
nine，players
took
up
their
positions
and
the
match
began.
3.
Just
before
September,
Miller
was
struck
by
a
car
and
lost
his
right
arm.
4.
It
struck
her
that
she
could
turn
to
her
teacher
for
help.
4.
Before
the
flight
made
a
stopover(中途停留)
in
France,
the
captain
announced
that
because
of
a
strike
no
flights
were
leaving
Paris.
二、
结合strike的用法完成句子
1.
我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。
_____________________________
I
had
met
him
somewhere.
2.
我被三峡的天然美景深深打动了。
I
______________________
the
natural
beauty
of
the
Three
Gorges.
3.
这所学校给我的印象是非常雅致。
This
school
__________________________________
very
elegant.
2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit
4
Natural
disasters
核心词汇
答案版
1.
rescue
(1)
n.
援救，营救；营救行动
常见用法：come/go
to
one’s
rescue
来/去营救某人
例：A
real
friend
is
the
one
who
comes
to
your
rescue
in
your
hour
of
need.
其他搭配：rescue
workers
救援人员
the
rescue
team
救援队
（2）v.
营救；援救
常见用法：rescue…from…
把……从……营救出来
例：A
rescue
worker
from
the
rescue
team
rescued
a
boy
from
the
river.
【巧学助记】
1.
They
are
trying
to
rescue
the
company
______
ruin.
2.
A
lot
of
soldiers
were
sent
to
the
city
______
(rescue)
those
who
are
trapped
in
the
building.
3.
That
woman,
together
with
her
two
children,
______________________________
(被从……营救出来)
the
sinking
boat
by
a
passing
boat.
4.
When
these
miners
were
trapped
in
the
coal
mine,
the
firefighters
_______________
(来营救他们).
【答案】1.
from
2.
to
rescue
3.
was
rescued
from
4.
came
to
their
rescue
2.
damage
(1)
n.
损坏；损失;
损害赔偿金（常用复数）
常见用法：do/cause
damage
to
对……造成损害
例：Throwing
the
rubbish
everywhere
will
do/cause
serious
damage
to
our
environment.
(2)
vt.
损害；破坏
常见搭配：be
badly/seriously/slightly
damaged
遭受严重/轻微损害
例：My
car
was
badly
damaged,
but
luckily
the
kids
were
not
seriously
hurt.
【巧学助记】
1.
Eating
too
much
meat
one
time
will
do
damage
________
your
stomach.
2.
Damage
_______
(cause)
by
the
earthquake
disaster
was
very
serious.
3.
David
threatened
to
report
his
neighbor
to
the
police
if
the
________
(damage)
were
not
paid.
4.
这场事故不是很严重。那辆汽车只是轻微受损。
It
wasn’t
a
serious
accident.
The
car
______________________________.
【答案】1.
to
2.
caused
3.
damages
4.
was
only
slightly
damaged
3.
destroy
vt.
破坏，摧毁，毁灭
常见用法：be
completely/totally
destroyed
被彻底摧毁
destroy
one’s
life/faith/hope/confidence
毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心
例：The
old
Summer
Palace
was
destroyed
in
the
fire
in
1860
and
a
number
of
cultural
relics
were
lost.
The
failure
in
the
exam
didn’t
destroy
her
confidence
and
she
worked
harder
before.
【词汇拓展】
destruction
n.
破坏；毁灭
destructive
adj.
毁灭性的，引起破坏的
【巧学助记】
1.
A
huge
amount
of
environmental
damage
has
been
brought
about
by
the
_______
(destroy)
of
the
rainforest.
2.
Earthquakes
are
among
the
most
_________(destroy)
natural
disasters.
It
can
strike
without
warning.
3.
Mr.
Smith
was
caught
in
a
rainstorm
yesterday
and
his
new
car
_________
(destroy)
completely.
4.
This
accident
___________________
(毁掉了他的自信).
It
took
him
a
long
time
to
cheer
up.
【答案】
1.
destruction
2.
destructive
3.
was
destroyed
4.
destroyed
his
confidence
3.
affect
(1)
vt.
影响
to
produce
a
change
in
sb.
例：My
teacher
affected
me
a
lot
when
I
was
young.
(2)vt.
深深打动；使悲伤/怜悯等
Many
people
were
affected
by
the
death
of
Yuan
Longping,
the
father
of
hybrid
rice.
(3)（疾病）侵袭；使感染
例：COVID-19
affected
many
people
around
the
world
in
2020.
【词汇拓展】
affection
n.
喜爱；钟爱
have
an
affection
for
喜爱……
affecting
adj.
动人的，感人的
【巧学助记】
1.
Thanks
to
the
government’s
aid,
those
_________
(affect)
by
the
earthquake
have
moved
to
the
safety.
2.
Deeply
_______
(affect)
by
the
story
of
the
girl
whose
eyesight
________
(affect)
by
the
disease,
all
the
students
moved
into
tears.
3.
I
feel
a
lot
of
_________
(affect)
for
my
grandmother,
who
often
tells
me
some
_______
(affect)
stories.
【答案】
1.
affected
2.
affected;
was
affected
3.
affection;
affecting
5.
shelter
(1)
n.
避难所；庇护；居所
常见用法：under
the
shelter
of
在……的庇护下
take
shelter
from
躲避……
例：The
hedgehog
(刺猬)
took
shelter
from
the
rain
under
the
mushroom.
They
enjoyed
their
picnic
under
the
shelter
of
a
huge
tree.
(2)
vt.
保护；掩蔽
vi.
躲避（风雨或危险）
常见用法:
shelter…from…
保护……免收……
shelter
from…
躲避……
例：
Trees
shelter
the
house
from
the
wind.
We
sat
in
the
shade(背阴处),
sheltering
from
the
sun.
【巧学助记】
1.
Some
parents
are
just
too
protective.
They
want
to
shelter
their
kids
________
everything.
2.
It
is
dangerous
to
take
shelter
________
rain
under
a
tree
especially
during
a
summer
rainstorm.
3.
We
were
caught
in
a
thunderstorm,
without
anywhere
_________
(shelter).
【答案】1.
from
2.
from
3.
to
shelter
6.
ruin
(1)
v.
破坏；毁坏
常见用法：ruin
one’s
health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
例：This
mistake
ruined
his
chances
of
getting
the
offer.
(2)n.
破坏；损坏
常见用法：in
ruins
严重受损；破败不堪
go
to
ruin/fall
into
ruin
衰落；衰败
reduce
sth.
to
ruins
把某物夷为废墟
例：The
whole
city
lay
in
ruins
after
the
earthquake.
They
don’t
want
to
see
our
country
fall
into
financial
ruin,
or
have
children
go
hungry.
【词义辨析】ruin,
damage,
destroy
ruin
严重地损坏，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值。
例：The
illness
has
ruined
my
life.
damage
指部分性破坏、损坏，一般还可以修复
例：You
have
damaged
my
bike;
you’d
better
get
it
repaired.
destroy
彻底的破坏、损坏，一般不能或很难再修复
例：The
bomb
completely
destroyed
that
building.
【巧学助记】
1.
Two
days
later,
the
fighting
between
the
two
countries
left
the
area
_______
ruins.
2.
She
went
through
a
period
of
emotional
adjustment
after
her
company
fell
______
ruins.
3.
The
rain
________
our
holiday
and
we
had
to
change
our
plan.
4.
The
city
took
on
a
new
look
after
being
reduced
to
________
(ruin)
because
of
an
earthquake.
【答案】
1.
in
2.
into
3.
ruined
4.
ruins
7.
shock
(1)
n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克
常见用法:
in
shock震惊,吃惊
例：He's
still
in
a
state
of
shock.
The
news
of
his
death
came
as
a
great
shock
to
everyone.
She
was
taken
to
hospital
suffering
from
shock.
(2)
vt.
(使)震惊
常见用法:It
shocks
sb.
to
see/hear...看到/听到……使某人震惊。
例：It
shocked
them
to
hear
that
he
had
gone
abroad.
听说他出国的消息,他们惊讶不已。
【词汇拓展】
(1)
shocked
adj.惊愕的,震惊的be
shocked
at
/by
对……感到震惊
be
shocked
to
do
sth.对做某事感到震惊
shocked
look/expression/voice震惊的表情/声音
(2)
shocking
adj.令人震惊的,令人憎恶的
It's
shocking
that....
……是令人震惊的。
【巧学助记】
1.I
looked
at
my
husband
________shock，waiting
for
him
to
tell
me
that
I
had
misunderstood
everything.
2.
It
shocked
me________
(
think
)
how
close
we
had
come
to
being
killed.
3.
People
were
________
(
shock
)
to
see
that
the
little
girl
was
often
beaten
by
her
stepmother.
The
________
(
shock
)
news
________
(
shock
)
all
the
people
around,
which
was
also
________shock
to
her
father
who
was
working
abroad.
4.
_____________________
(听到……让我震惊)that
the
hospital
was
closing
down.
5.
The
parents______________________
(对……感到震惊)
the
news
that
their
son
needed
an
operation
on
his
knee.
【答案】
1.
in
2.
to
think
3.
shocked;
shocking
,
shocked,
a
4.
It
shocked
me
to
hear
5.
were
shocked
by/at
8.
trap
(1)
vt.
使陷入困境；使陷入圈套；使中计
常见用法：be
trapped
in
困在……中
trap
sb
into
(doing)
sth.
诱使某人（做）某事
例：Jack’s
friends
often
turned
to
him
for
help
when
they
were
trapped
in
trouble.
The
police
trapped
the
thief
into
a
situation
where
he
could
not
escape.
(2)
n.
陷阱；圈套
常见用法：
lay/set
a
trap
for
sb.
给某人设下圈套
fall/walk
into
a
trap
落入圈套
例：The
soldiers
set
a
trap
for
the
enemy.
If
you
choose
this
way,
you
are
likely
to
fall
into
a
trap.
【巧学助记】
1.
Think
carefully
before
you
answer
questions
online.
You
may
be
trapped
_______
giving
away
personal
information.
2.
The
soldiers
were
sent
to
the
flood-hit
area
to
save
the
people
who
______
(trap)
in
the
buildings.
【答案】
1.
into
2.
were
trapped
9.
bury
(1)
vt.
埋葬，安葬，覆盖，遮盖，掩盖
常见用法：bury…in…
把……埋到……里
bury
one’s
face
in
one’s
hands
以手掩面
例：On
hearing
the
news,
she
buried
her
face
into
her
hands
and
wept.
(2)
vt.
使陷入；掩藏（感情、错误等）
常见用法：
be
buried
in
=
bury
oneself
in…
专心致志于……
例：You’ll
have
to
bury
yourself
in
your
studies
if
you
want
to
pass
the
exam.
【巧学助记】
1.
Since
she
moved
here,
she
__________
（bury）in
her
research
work.
2.
The
volcano
erupted
and
the
lava
poured
down
the
mountain,
________
(bury)
several
villages.
【答案】1.
has
buried
2.
burying
10.
breathe
v.
呼吸
常见用法：
breathe
in/out
吸气/呼气
例：
His
illness
is
a
result
of
breathing
in
paint
fumes（油漆气体）
over
many
years.
He
breathed
deeply
before
speaking
again.
【词汇拓展】
breath
n.呼吸的空气;一次吸人的空气
out
of
breath气喘吁吁,上气不接下气
hold
one's
breath
屏住呼吸
take
a
deep
breath深吸一口气
lose
one's
breath
喘不过气来
【误区警示】
lose
one's
breath
与
be
out
of
breath
虽然含义相同,但是
lose
one's
breath表示动作,
be
out
of
breath表示状态。
【巧学助记】
1.
The
morning
air
is
so
good
_________
(breathe).
2.
The
doctor
told
me
to
________________
(深深吸气)
and
then
____________________
(慢慢呼气).
3.
Fred
entered
without
knocking
and,
__________________________
(上气不接下气)，
sank
into
a
chair.
【答案】1.
to
breathe
2.
breathe
in
deeply;
breathe
out
slowly
3.
out
of
breath
11.
effort
n.
努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
常见用法：
make
an
effort
to
do
sth.
尽力做某事
It
takes
effort
to
do
sth.花费精力去做某事
spare
no
effort
to
do
sth.不遗余力地做某事
put
effort
into
(doing)
sth.努力做某事
in
an
effort
to
do
sth.为了做某事
with
/
without
effort费力地/毫不费力地
例：They
are
making
efforts
to
reduce
poverty.
I
will
make
every
effort
to
achieve
my
goal.
【巧学助记】
1.
We
should
recognize
our
children’s
efforts
_________
(push)
themselves
and
work
hard
to
achieve
a
goal.
2.
Many
parents
arrange
everything
for
their
children
and
______________________
(不易余地地)
to
pave
the
way
for
their
success.
3.
China
______________________
(正在努力)
develop
the
economy
to
improve
the
quality
of
people’s
lives.
4.
Life
is
a
continuous
process
of
fighting
and
no
one
can
achieve
success
______________
(毫不费力地).
【答案】1.
to
push
2.
spare
no
effort
3.
is
making
an
effort
to
4.
without
effort
12.
suffer
(1)
vi.
（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨，常与from连用
常见用法：
suffer
from
a
bad
cold/the
loss
of
memory/a
headache/toothache
(2)vt.
遭受，蒙受
后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience
常见用法：
suffer
pain/hardship/a
defeat/a
loss/punishment
【词汇拓展】
sufferer
n.
受苦者，受难者，患病者
suffering
n.
苦难，痛苦；让人痛苦的事（常用复数）
【巧学助记】
1.
The
old
man
is
said
to
have
gone
through
many
__________
(suffer)
during
the
war.
2.
After
_________
(suffer)
serious
damage
caused
by
the
terrible
earthquake,
the
city
realized
the
importance
of
living
in
harmony
with
nature.
3.
Many
countries
_______________
(遭受巨大损失)
in
the
financial
crisis.
4.
Mary
is
_________________
(身体不好).
【答案】
1.
sufferings
2.
suffering
3.
suffered
huge
losses
4.
suffering
from
ill
health.
13.
supply
n.&
vt.
(1)
n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品.
supply
and
command供求
the
electricity/water/gas
supply
电力/水/煤气供应.
medical/relief
supplies医疗用品/救援物资
(2)
vt.
供应;供给
supply
sb./sth.
with
sth.
supply
sth.
to
sb./sth.
为某人/某物提供某物
They
supply
the
country
with
oil.
=They
supply
oil
to
the
country.他们为那个国家供应石油。
【词语辨析】supply
,
provide
与offer
(1)
supply尤指大量供应、供给
supply
sb.
with
sth.
=supply
sth.
to
sb.
(2)
provide强调提供所需之物
provide
sb.
with
sth.=
provide
sth.
for
sb.·
I
provide
him
with
all
his
rights.
我向他提供了他的所有权利。
(3)
offer强调主动提供offer
sb.
sth.
=
offer
sth.
to
sb.
They
decided
to
offer
Jo
the
job.他们决定让乔做这个工作。
【巧学助记】
1.
At
the
beginning
of
the
semester,
students
________
(supply)
with
a
list
of
books
that
they
are
expected
to
read.
2.
They
will
supply
us
________
technology
in
support
without
asking
for
anything
in
return.
3.
This
book
will
supply
some
scientific
methods
________us
in
English
learning.
4.
Our
school
library
can
provide
all
kinds
of
good
books
________
students.
5.
Finally,
the
manager
offered
a
good
job
________
me.
【答案】
1.
are
supplied
2.
with
3.
to
4.
for
5.
to
14.
survive
(
1
)vt.&
vi.(经历事故、战争或疾病后)活下来,幸存(不用于被动语态)。作及物动词时其后常跟war，accident，flood,
fire，earthquake，air
crash
等词语。
She
was
the
only
person
to
survive
the
accident.
His
doctor
says
it's
a
miracle
that
he
has
survived.
(2)
vi.&
vt.
从(困难)中挺过来,艰难渡过
Many
birds
didn't
survive
the
severe
winter.
I’ve
had
tough
few
months,
but
I’ll
survive.
(
3)
vi.（靠很少的钱)v继续维持生活
常见用法:
survive
on
sth.依靠……生活
How
does
the
family
survive
on
such
a
small
monthly
wage?
(
4)
vt.
比……活(或存在)的时间长
常见用法：survive
sb.
by
+时间比某人多活……
She
survived
her
husband
by
ten
years.丈夫去世后她又活了十年。
【词汇拓展】
survival
n.
幸存，生存
survivor
n.
幸存者，生还者
【巧学助记】
1.
In
the
traffic
accident,
the
__________
(survive)
were
all
badly
injured.
2.
Earthquakes
cannot
be
predicted
,
but
your
chances
of
__________
(survive)
are
much
larger
if
you
know
what
to
do
when
an
earthquake
strikes.
3.
Baptiste
Dubanchet
is
biking
across
Europe,
surviving
entirely
_________
discarded
food.
4.
幸运的是，
所有的乘客在这次空难中生还。
Luckily,
all
the
passengers
_________________________________.
5.
他在贫穷的学生时代靠很少的钱度日。
He
_________________________
during
his
days
as
a
poor
student.
【答案】1.
survivors
2.
survival
3.
on
4.
survived
the
air
crash
5.
survived
on
very
little
money
15.
strike
(1)
vi.
&
vt.
(struck
,
struck/stricken)
侵袭;突击;击打
常见用法：
be
struck
with/by被……打动
strike...
into
one's
heart使……刻骨铭心
It
strikes/hits
sb.
that.
(=It
occurs
to
sb.
that...)某人突然想起……
strike
a
match划火柴
strike
twelve
(钟)
敲12点
You'll
be
struck
by
her
beauty
the
moment
you
see
her.你一见到她,就会被她的美丽打动。
It
strikes
me
that
the
man
was
not
telling
the
truth.我突然感觉到这个人没有说实话。
(2)
n.罢工;罢课;袭击
常见用法：
be
on
strike在罢工(状态）
go
on
strike举行罢工(动作)
end/call
off
a
strike
结束罢工
【巧学助记】
一、判断下列句子中
strike的词性及含义
1.
The
country
was
struck
by
such
terrible
storms
as
few
citizens
had
ever
experienced
before.
2.
As
the
clock
struck
nine，players
took
up
their
positions
and
the
match
began.
3.
Just
before
September,
Miller
was
struck
by
a
car
and
lost
his
right
arm.
4.
It
struck
her
that
she
could
turn
to
her
teacher
for
help.
4.
Before
the
flight
made
a
stopover(中途停留)
in
France,
the
captain
announced
that
because
of
a
strike
no
flights
were
leaving
Paris.
二、
结合strike的用法完成句子
1.
我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。
_____________________________
I
had
met
him
somewhere.
2.
我被三峡的天然美景深深打动了。
I
______________________
the
natural
beauty
of
the
Three
Gorges.
3.
这所学校给我的印象是非常雅致。
This
school
__________________________________
very
elegant.
【答案】
一、
1.
vt.侵袭
2.
vt.敲(钟）
3.
vt.碰,撞
4.
vt.突然想到
5.
n.罢工
二、
1.
It
struck
me
that
2.
was
deeply
struck
by
3.
struck
me
as
being