2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit 4 Natural disasters 重点短语和句型 学案（含答案）

2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit
4
Natural
disasters
重点短语和句型
短语
1.
on
hand
现有（尤指帮助）
例：The
emergency
services
were
on
hand
with
medical
advice.
【短语拓展】
in
hand
在手头；在进行中
by
hand
用手
at
hand
在手边；即将到来
hand
in
hand
手拉手地；密切关联
hand
in
提交，交上
hand
out
分发
hand
over
移交
【巧学助记】
1.
I
feel
really
sorry
that
we
don’t
have
these
products
____________
(现有).
2.
Poverty
and
poor
health
often
go
_____________________
(密切关联).
3.
We
are
asked
to
_______________
(交)
vacation
homework
on
the
first
day
of
the
semester.
4.
Rice
farmers
here
still
plant
and
harvest
their
crops
_____________________
(手工).
5.
There
are
good
cafes
and
a
restaurant
close
_____________________
(在手边).
2.
sweep
away
消灭，彻底消除
例：We
clean
the
house
and
sweep
away
bad
luck.
【短语拓展】
sweep
up
打扫，清扫
sweep
aside
对……置之不理；不理会；全然无视
sweep
out
打扫干净，清扫干净（房间等）
【巧学助记】
1.
Parents
can’t
_____________(消除)
all
obstacles
(障碍)
for
their
children,
who
should
learn
to
be
independent.
2.
Get
a
broom
and
____________
(清扫)
that
glass,
will
you?
3.
All
their
advice
was
______________
(被无视),
which
is
out
of
expectations.
3.
calm
(…)
down
(使……)平静下来，(使……)镇定下来
例：When
you
are
angry,
try
to
do
something
relaxing
to
calm
yourself
down.
Calm
down
for
a
minute
and
listen
to
me.
【巧学助记】
1.
Moved
by
what
she
said,
he
could
hardly
____________
(平静下来).
2.
The
child
was
crying
,
so
the
nurse
gave
him
some
toys
to
________________
(使他平静下来).
三、句型
1.
as
if
引导的从句
as
if意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句。其意义和用法与as
though
相同。
(1)引导表语从句,
常置于系动词
look
,
seem，sound,
feel，smell等之后。
Listen
to
the
thunder!
It
seems
as
if
it
is
going
to
rain.听雷声!看来似乎要下雨了。
It
looks
as
if
she's
gone
away
for
a
few
days.看起来她好像已经出去几天了。
(2)引导方式状语从句。
He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
something.他张开嘴似乎要说什么。
(3
)as
if/as
though引导的从句的语气:
①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大,那么从句就用陈述语气;
②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据,只是表达一种假设,愿望、怀疑或推测,那么就用虚拟语气。
下表为表示虚拟的情况:
as
if/as
though
引导的从句
虚拟情况
从句谓语
与现在事实相反
一般过去时
（be动词一般用were）
与过去事实相反
过去完成时
与将来事实相反
would/might/could+动词原形
He
talks
as
if
he
knew
everything
about
it.
(与现在事实相反)
He
continued
working
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
（与故去事实相反）
It
seems
as
if
the
rain
would
never
stop.
(与将来事实相反)
【巧学助记】
1.He
speaks
English
as
if
he
_________
(be)
a
native
English
speaker.
2.
He
described
the
character
as
if
he
_________
(meet)
them
face
to
face.
3.
Tom
raised
his
hands
as
if
__________(say)
something.
4.
Eliza
remembers
everything
exactly
as
if
it
__________
(happen)
yesterday.
2.
leave
+宾语+宾补结构
在"
leave
+宾语＋宾补"结构中，leave是使役动词，表示“让……处于（某种状态、某地等）”。具体形式如下:
(
1
)
leave+宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
His
illness
has
left
him
very
weak.
It's
cruel
of
him
to
leave
the
poor
beggar
outside.
I
can't
find
my
purse.
I
could
have
left
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I
am
not
sure.
(
2)
leave
+宾语+名词(多表示一种结果)
His
parents
died
two
years
ago
,
leaving
him
an
orphan.他的父母两年前去世了,他成了孤儿。
(
3
)
leave
+宾语＋现在分词(现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系)
Kate's
sudden
leaving
left
us
all
wondering
what
was
going
to
happen.
凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。
(
4
)
leave
+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动或动作的完成,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系)
The
bad
weather
left
the
project
half
finished.
【巧学助记】
1.
Vincent
van
Gogh’s
paintings
often
leave
audience
______
(guess)
and
make
them
use
their
imagination.
2.
She
didn’t
feel
excited
at
the
news
that
she
was
offered
a
good
job,
leaving
us
_______
(confuse).
3.
The
big
fire
left
the
kitchen
seriously
_______(damage)
and
the
oven
completely
______
(destroy).
4.
她把钥匙忘在了办公室。
She
________________________________.
3.
“主语+be+adj.
(+for
sb.)
+不定式”句型
句型特点：
（1）此处的形容词多表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词有：easy,
difficult,
hard,
important,
impossible,
interesting,
pleasant,
nice,
comfortable,
dangerous,
cheap,
heavy等。
（2）不定式中的动词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
（3）不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并由for引出
（4）若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上符合句意的相应介词。
例：The
chair
is
comfortable
to
sit
on.
【巧学助记】
1.
The
question
is
difficult
for
such
a
little
boy
___________
(answer).
2.
The
machine
is
easy
___________
(operate)
and
anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.
3.
这位秘书很不好相处。
This
secretary
is
_________________________________________.
4.
sb.
be
doing
sth.
when…
此句表示“某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，句中when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。
when表示“这时，那时（突然）”时，相当于and
then,
and
just
then
或and
at
that
time.
when可以suddenly连用以加强语气。在此句型中，when不能用while替换。
例：
He
is
dreaming
a
wonderful
dream
when
the
fire
alarm
begins
ringing.
【句型拓展】
(1)
be
about
to
do
sth.
when
…某人正要做某事，这时突然……
(2)be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
when…某人正要做某事，这时突然……
(3)had
just
done
sth.
when…
某人刚做完某事，这时突然……
【巧学助记】
1.
The
train
________
(leave)
when
I
hurried
to
the
station.
2.
Jack
_______
(work)
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
3.
Tom
was
about
_________
(close)
the
window
when
his
attention
was
attracted
by
a
bird.
4.
The
coach
was
on
the
point
of
________
(give)
up
when
our
team
scored
a
goal.
5.
“make
+
it+形容词/名词+不定式/从句”
句型
句型特点：
（1）此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式/从句
（2）可用于此结构的动词除了make外，还包括：think,
believe,
make,
find,
consider,
feel等。
（3）宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词。
例：
This
makes
it
possible
for
agriculture
and
industry
to
develop
quickly.
He
makes
it
a
rule
never
to
borrow
money.
He
makes
it
clear
what
he
intended
to
do.
【巧学助记】
1.
I
must
make
_________
clear
that
I
will
support
you
forever.
2.
She
says
these
activities
at
bedtime
can
get
kids
all
excited
and
make
_________
hard
for
them
to
calm
down
and
sleep.
3.
I
find
it
difficult
_________
(do)
the
job
well.
翻译句子
4.
他认为养家是他的责任。
____________________________________
5.
我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
_____________________________________
6.
我们都认为跟他们争论此事是值得的。
_______________________________________
2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit
4
Natural
disasters
重点短语和句型
答案版
短语
1.
on
hand
现有（尤指帮助）
例：The
emergency
services
were
on
hand
with
medical
advice.
【短语拓展】
in
hand
在手头；在进行中
by
hand
用手
at
hand
在手边；即将到来
hand
in
hand
手拉手地；密切关联
hand
in
提交，交上
hand
out
分发
hand
over
移交
【巧学助记】
1.
I
feel
really
sorry
that
we
don’t
have
these
products
____________
(现有).
2.
Poverty
and
poor
health
often
go
_____________________
(密切关联).
3.
We
are
asked
to
_______________
(交)
vacation
homework
on
the
first
day
of
the
semester.
4.
Rice
farmers
here
still
plant
and
harvest
their
crops
_____________________
(手工).
5.
There
are
good
cafes
and
a
restaurant
close
_____________________
(在手边).
【答案】1.
on
hand
2.
hand
in
hand
3.
hand
in
4.
by
hand
5.
at
hand
2.
sweep
away
消灭，彻底消除
例：We
clean
the
house
and
sweep
away
bad
luck.
【短语拓展】
sweep
up
打扫，清扫
sweep
aside
对……置之不理；不理会；全然无视
sweep
out
打扫干净，清扫干净（房间等）
【巧学助记】
1.
Parents
can’t
_____________(消除)
all
obstacles
(障碍)
for
their
children,
who
should
learn
to
be
independent.
2.
Get
a
broom
and
____________
(清扫)
that
glass,
will
you?
3.
All
their
advice
was
______________
(被无视),
which
is
out
of
expectations.
【答案】
1.
sweep
away
2.
sweep
up
3.
swept
aside
3.
calm
(…)
down
(使……)平静下来，(使……)镇定下来
例：When
you
are
angry,
try
to
do
something
relaxing
to
calm
yourself
down.
Calm
down
for
a
minute
and
listen
to
me.
【巧学助记】
1.
Moved
by
what
she
said,
he
could
hardly
____________
(平静下来).
2.
The
child
was
crying
,
so
the
nurse
gave
him
some
toys
to
________________
(使他平静下来).
【答案】1.
calm
down
2.
calm
him
down
三、句型
1.
as
if
引导的从句
as
if意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句。其意义和用法与as
though
相同。
(1)引导表语从句,
常置于系动词
look
,
seem，sound,
feel，smell等之后。
Listen
to
the
thunder!
It
seems
as
if
it
is
going
to
rain.听雷声!看来似乎要下雨了。
It
looks
as
if
she's
gone
away
for
a
few
days.看起来她好像已经出去几天了。
(2)引导方式状语从句。
He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
something.他张开嘴似乎要说什么。
(3
)as
if/as
though引导的从句的语气:
①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大,那么从句就用陈述语气;
②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据,只是表达一种假设,愿望、怀疑或推测,那么就用虚拟语气。
下表为表示虚拟的情况:
as
if/as
though
引导的从句
虚拟情况
从句谓语
与现在事实相反
一般过去时
（be动词一般用were）
与过去事实相反
过去完成时
与将来事实相反
would/might/could+动词原形
He
talks
as
if
he
knew
everything
about
it.
(与现在事实相反)
He
continued
working
as
if
nothing
had
happened.
（与故去事实相反）
It
seems
as
if
the
rain
would
never
stop.
(与将来事实相反)
【巧学助记】
1.He
speaks
English
as
if
he
_________
(be)
a
native
English
speaker.
2.
He
described
the
character
as
if
he
_________
(meet)
them
face
to
face.
3.
Tom
raised
his
hands
as
if
__________(say)
something.
4.
Eliza
remembers
everything
exactly
as
if
it
__________
(happen)
yesterday.
【答案】1.
were
2.
had
met
3.
to
say
4.
happened
2.
leave
+宾语+宾补结构
在"
leave
+宾语＋宾补"结构中，leave是使役动词，表示“让……处于（某种状态、某地等）”。具体形式如下:
(
1
)
leave+宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
His
illness
has
left
him
very
weak.
It's
cruel
of
him
to
leave
the
poor
beggar
outside.
I
can't
find
my
purse.
I
could
have
left
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I
am
not
sure.
(
2)
leave
+宾语+名词(多表示一种结果)
His
parents
died
two
years
ago
,
leaving
him
an
orphan.他的父母两年前去世了,他成了孤儿。
(
3
)
leave
+宾语＋现在分词(现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系)
Kate's
sudden
leaving
left
us
all
wondering
what
was
going
to
happen.
凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。
(
4
)
leave
+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动或动作的完成,其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系)
The
bad
weather
left
the
project
half
finished.
【巧学助记】
1.
Vincent
van
Gogh’s
paintings
often
leave
audience
______
(guess)
and
make
them
use
their
imagination.
2.
She
didn’t
feel
excited
at
the
news
that
she
was
offered
a
good
job,
leaving
us
_______
(confuse).
3.
The
big
fire
left
the
kitchen
seriously
_______(damage)
and
the
oven
completely
______
(destroy).
4.
她把钥匙忘在了办公室。
She
________________________________.
【答案】1.
guessing
2.
confused
3.
damaged;
destroyed
4.
left
her
keys
in
the
office
3.
“主语+be+adj.
(+for
sb.)
+不定式”句型
句型特点：
（1）此处的形容词多表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词有：easy,
difficult,
hard,
important,
impossible,
interesting,
pleasant,
nice,
comfortable,
dangerous,
cheap,
heavy等。
（2）不定式中的动词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
（3）不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并由for引出
（4）若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上符合句意的相应介词。
例：The
chair
is
comfortable
to
sit
on.
【巧学助记】
1.
The
question
is
difficult
for
such
a
little
boy
___________
(answer).
2.
The
machine
is
easy
___________
(operate)
and
anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.
3.
这位秘书很不好相处。
This
secretary
is
_________________________________________.
【答案】1.
to
answer
2.
to
operate
3.
very
difficult
to
get
along
with
4.
sb.
be
doing
sth.
when…
此句表示“某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，句中when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。
when表示“这时，那时（突然）”时，相当于and
then,
and
just
then
或and
at
that
time.
when可以suddenly连用以加强语气。在此句型中，when不能用while替换。
例：
He
is
dreaming
a
wonderful
dream
when
the
fire
alarm
begins
ringing.
【句型拓展】
(1)
be
about
to
do
sth.
when
…某人正要做某事，这时突然……
(2)be
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
when…某人正要做某事，这时突然……
(3)had
just
done
sth.
when…
某人刚做完某事，这时突然……
【巧学助记】
1.
The
train
________
(leave)
when
I
hurried
to
the
station.
2.
Jack
_______
(work)
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
3.
Tom
was
about
_________
(close)
the
window
when
his
attention
was
attracted
by
a
bird.
4.
The
coach
was
on
the
point
of
________
(give)
up
when
our
team
scored
a
goal.
【答案】1.
had
left
2.
was
working
3.
to
close
4.
giving
5.
“make
+
it+形容词/名词+不定式/从句”
句型
句型特点：
（1）此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式/从句
（2）可用于此结构的动词除了make外，还包括：think,
believe,
make,
find,
consider,
feel等。
（3）宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词。
例：
This
makes
it
possible
for
agriculture
and
industry
to
develop
quickly.
He
makes
it
a
rule
never
to
borrow
money.
He
makes
it
clear
what
he
intended
to
do.
【巧学助记】
1.
I
must
make
_________
clear
that
I
will
support
you
forever.
2.
She
says
these
activities
at
bedtime
can
get
kids
all
excited
and
make
_________
hard
for
them
to
calm
down
and
sleep.
3.
I
find
it
difficult
_________
(do)
the
job
well.
翻译句子
4.
他认为养家是他的责任。
____________________________________
5.
我们认为抱怨是没有用的。
_____________________________________
6.
我们都认为跟他们争论此事是值得的。
_______________________________________
【答案】
1.
it
2.
it
3.
to
do
4.
He
considers
it
his
duty
to
support
his
family.
5.
We
think
it
no
use
complaining.
6.
We
all
found
it
worthwhile
to
argue
with
them
about
this
matter.