人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Language points 课件（23张）

(共23张PPT)
Book3
Unit
4　
Astronomy：the
science
of
the
stars
Language
Points
宾语从句
从句：as
it
happened
so
long
ago
as“因为”，引导原因状语从句
1.
No
one
knows
exactly
how
the
earth
began,
as
it
happened
so
long
ago.
(Line
1)
句子主干：No
one
knows
exactly
how
the
earth
began
主语从句
2.
What
it
was
to
become
was
uncertain
until
between
4.5
and
3.8
billion
years
ago
when
the
dust
settled
into
a
solid
globe.
（L6)
它变成什么没人确定，直到45-48亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成一个固态的球体。
句子主干：What
it
was
to
become
was
uncertain
until
between
4.5
and
3.8
billion
years
ago
when
the
dust
settled
into
a
solid
globe
定语从句,由when引导
作时间状语，
是定语从句的先行词
:
what
在主语从句中作become
的表语
3.
The
earth
became
so
violent
that
it
was
not
clear
whether
the
shape
would
last
or
not.(L8)
地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
句型：so
+adj./adv.+
that
...
“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句
主语从句
it
was
not
clear
whether
the
shape
would
last
or
not
last
adj.
the
last
bus
n.
the
last
to
leave
,
at
last
adv.
come
last
vi.
持续
lasted
-lasted
The
bad
weather
lasted
for
four
days.
与time有关的短语:
(1)
time
及时；终于；迟早
(2)
no
time
立即，立刻
(3)
a
time
依次；逐一；每次,一次
(4)
no
time
在任何时候都不；决不(置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装)
(5)
one
time
曾经，一度
(6)
times
有时，偶尔
(7)
time
按时，准时
(8)once
upon
a
time
从前
(9)
take
your
time
不着急，慢慢来
in
in
at
at
at
at
on
4.
They
were
in
time
to
produce
carbon
dioxide,
nitrogen,water
vapour
and
other
gases,
which
were
to
make
the
earth’s
atmosphere.（Para2
L10)
它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
(1)
Do
you
want
to
get
up
__________to
have
breakfast
with
your
family？
你想及时起床和家人一起吃早饭吗？(2017·全国Ⅲ)
(2)
The
manager
wants
to
see
changes
in
the
company,
and
I
am
sure
he
will________.
经理希望看到公司的变化，我相信他迟早会的。
(3)
He
rushed
out
of
the
kitchen
no
time
when
he
heard
the
shout.
他听到喊声立刻从厨房里冲了出去。
(4)
Everyone
may
make
mistakes
.
每个人都会偶尔犯错误。
in
at
times
in
time
5.
is
What
is
even
more
important
that
as
the
earth
cooled
down,
water
began
to
appear
on
its
surface.
主语从句
表语从句
What
many
scientists
believe
is
that
the
continued
presence
of
water
allowed
the
earth
to
dissolve
harmful
gases
and
acids
into
the
oceans
and
seas.
(
Para3
L21)
He
couldn't
understand
that
he
had
been
asked
to
teach
history.
→What
he
couldn't
understand
is
that
he
had
been
asked
to
teach
history.
表从中的时间状语从句
It
is
no
wonder
that
he
has
passed
the
exam.
6.
It
was
not
immediately
obvious
that
water
was
to
be
fundamental
to
the
development
of
life.
(Line
18)
真正的主语从句
It
is
well-known
that
water
is
fundamental
to
survival.
be+adj.to...短语：
be
fundamental
to...,
be
harmful
to...,
be
similar
to
,
be
important
to...
7.
This
produced
a
chain
reaction，which
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop.这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。(
L25)
(1)句中
made
it
possible
for
life
to
develop
属于
“make＋it＋形容词/名词(宾补)＋to
do/that
从句”结构。
it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。
think,
feel,
consider,
find,
believe...
(2)
make＋宾语＋宾补
(
do/
done/
adj.)
注意：当“make＋宾语＋do
sth.
”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。
(1)
I
must
make_____
clear
that
I
will
support
you
forever.
(2)
The
police
made
the
young
boy
against
the
wall.
(3)
The
man
spoke
loudly
to
make
himself
(hear).
(4)
The
boy
was
made
(work)
for
over
ten
hours
a
day.
stand
heard
to
work
it
exist
vi.
存在；生存
existence
n.
存在；生存
(1)
exist
on
=live
on
靠……生活/生存
(2)
There
exist(s)/existed...某地有……；存在……
(4)
come
into
existence/
being(＝begin
to
exist)
产生；成立
8.
They
laid
eggs
too
and
existed
on
the
earth
for
more
than
140
million
years.
(Para4
L40)
它们也下蛋，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
9.
Later
when
the
plants
grew
into
forests,
reptiles
appeared
for
the
first
time.
(L38)
(1)
for
the
first
time在句中作时间状语;
the
first
time名词短语，用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句
I
saw
the
film
for
the
first
time.
I
loved
this
picture
the
first
time
I
saw
it.
句型：It/
This/That
is
the
first..time
that
sb.
have/
has
done...
It/
This/That
was
the
first..time
that
sb.
had
done...
①
This
is
the
first
time
that
I
___________(see)
a
panda.
②
This
was
the
first
time
that
I
____________(consult)with
my
lawyer.
have
seen
had
consulted
10.
still
remains
a
mystery.
(Line
41)
remain在这里是系动词，意思是“保持；仍然是”，后面可接形容词、过去分词、名词、介词短语等作表语。
She
remained
silent
all
night.
The
work
remained
unfinished.
The
labour
shortage
remains
a
problem.
People
there
remain
in
poverty.
主语从句
Why
they
suddenly
disappeared
11.Thus
they
have，in
their
turn，become
the
most
important
animals
on
the
planet.(Para5)
于是他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
与turn有关的短语
(1)
one’s
turn接着；轮到某人
(2)
turn依次，轮流；反过来
(3)
turns
轮流；交替地
(4)
turns
to
do
sth.轮流做某事
(5)
It’s
one’s
turn
to
do
sth.轮到某人做某事
in
in
by
take
12.
They
are
putting
too
much
carbon
dioxide
into
the
atmosphere,
which
prevents
heat
from
escaping
from
the
earth.
(
L
48)
prevent
/
stop
/
…
(from)
doing…
keep
....from
doing
prevent
/
stop
/
keep
…
from
being
done…
①
The
government
has
to
close
those
factories
to
prevent
the
water
of
the
river
from_______________(pollute).
②
Carbon
dioxide,
which
makes
a
barrier
between
us
and
the
sun,
prevents
heat
________(get)
out
of
the
atmosphere
easily,
so
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer.
being
polluted
getting
13.
So
whether
life
will
continue
on
the
earth
for
millions
of
years
to
come
will
depend
on
whether
this
problem
can
be
solved.
(
L50)
所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
主语从句
宾语从句
谓语动词
注意：主语从句的“是否”和介词后的宾语从句的“是否”都不能由if引导，只能由whether来引导。
How
life
began
on
earth
is
one
of
the
biggest
puzzles
that
scientists
found
hard
to
solve.
(Page
27
)地球上的生命是如何开始的是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜之一。
14
puzzle
n.
谜；难题；
vt.&
vi.
(使)迷惑；(使)为难
(2)
puzzling
adj.
令人费解的
(3)
puzzled
adj.
迷惑不解的；困惑的
be
puzzled
about
...
(1)What
he
said
at
the
meeting
made
most
of
us_________.
(2)To
explain
the
(puzzle)
findings,
he
offers
two
theories.
(3)She
listened
with
a
(puzzle)
expression
on
her
face.
puzzling
puzzled
puzzled
Using
language
1.
倍数表达法：
（两倍用
twice
/
two
times
）
1.
A
+
倍数+
as
+形容词+
as
B
2.
A+
倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+
than
B
3.
A+
倍数+
the
size
/
length
/
width...of
B
The
river
is
four
times
as
long
as
the
one
in
our
city.
=The
rive
is
three
times
longer
than
the
one
in
our
city.
=The
rive
is
four
times
the
length
of
the
one
in
our
city.
2.
as...as...的结构：
as
+
形容词或副词原级
+
as
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so/as…
as.
I
can
run
as
fast
as
you.
　
He
cannot
run
so/as
fast
as
you.
2）当as…
as
中间有名词时:
　　as
+形容词+
a
+单数名词+as
　　as
+
many/much
+名词+as
He
is
as
honest
a
student
as
you.
I
can
carry
as
much
paper
as
you
can.
关于as...as的常见句型：?
(1)as...as
possible?
Please
answer
my
question
as
soon
as
possible.
(2)as...as
usual/before?
She
looks
as
pretty
as
before.
(3)as
long
as...
It
took
us
as
long
as
three
years
to
carry
out
the
plan.
You
will
get
my
bike
as
long
as
you
keep
your
promise.
(4)as
far
as?
He
walked
as
far
as
the
railway
station
yesterday
evening.?
(5)as
well
as?
She
cooks
as
well
as
her
mother
does.