2021-2022学年人教版(2019)必修一:Welcome
Unit
知识点讲义
Welcome
Unit
Vocabulary
Extensive
exchange
vt.&.n
1.
exchange?n.?交换,交流;兑换。
常用短语:in
exchange
for交换?
I
will
teach
you
Chinese
in
exchange
for
your
teaching
me
English.我将教你汉语,作为交换,你教我英语。
2.
exchange?vt.?交换,交流;交易,兑换。例如:
We
exchanged
name
cards
when
we
met
yesterday.昨天我们见面的时候交换了名片。
Where
can
I
exchange
foreign
currency?我到哪能兑换外币?
常用搭配:exchange
sth.
with
sb.与某人交换某物
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
exchange
sth.
for
sth.用某物来换某物
They
exchanged
hostages
with
each
other.他们彼此交换了人质。
I'd
like
to
exchange
a
watch
for
a
camera.我想用表换相机。
【习题】1.翻译句子。
要是有人吓唬你并且要你用一百万元来换你的性命,会怎么样?
What
if
someone
frightens
you
and
makes
you
______
1
million
yuan
______
your
life?
答案:exchange
for
2.翻译句子。
——你父亲对你的新工作是什么态度?——直到现在我还没有跟他交换意见。
—What's?your?father's?attitude?to?your?new?job?—I
______
______
ideas
______
him
up
to
now.?
答案:haven't
exchanged
with
3.Tom?offered?to?clean?the?community?______?a?week's?accommodation?(住宿).
A.in?exchange
for
B.in
control
of
C.in
line
with
D.in
place
of
答案:A
解析:in
exchange
for交换;in
control
of掌管,控制;in
line
with与……成一排;in
place
of代替。结合选项分析题干可知A项符合语境。句意:Tom提出清扫社区来交换一个星期的住宿。
impression&
impress?
1.
impress?vt.使钦佩;给……留下深刻的好印象;使意识到;vi.留下印象,引人注目。
(1)impress
sb.
with/by...以……使某人钦佩/使某人留下深刻印象(不用于进行时)
We
were
very
impressed
by
the
high
standard
of
work.工作水准之高给我们留下了深刻的印象。
(2)impress
sth./itself
on/upon
sth.使某事/物铭记于心
Her
words
impressed
themselves
on
my
memory.她的话语我铭记在心里。
(3)impress
sth.
on/upon
sb.使某人意识到/了解/明白(某事的重要性/程度)
I've
impressed
the
importance
of
knowledge
upon
them.我已让他们意识到知识的重要性。
impression?n.印象。
make/leave
an
impression
on
sb.=leave
sb.
with
an
impression给某人留下好印象
You'll
have
to
play
better
than
that
if
you
really
want
to
make
an
impression
on
all
of
them.
你如果真的想给他们都留下好印象,就得表演得比这更好。
拓展:
impressive?adj.令人钦佩的;令人赞叹的;给人深刻印象的
The
film's
special
effects
are
particularly
impressive.那部电影的特技效果尤其令人赞叹。
【习题】1.翻译句子。
令我佩服的是他记得我们所有人的名字。
It
______
______
that
he
remembered
all
our
names.
答案:impressed/impresses
me
2.翻译句子。
他的认真给我们留下了深刻的印象。
We
were
______
______
his
carefulness.
答案:impressed
with/by
3.Hangzhou
is
such
an
_____?city
that
it
often
makes
a
strong
_____?on
visitors
and
its
sights
never
fail
to
attract
foreign
tourists.
A.impressed;?impression
B.impressing;?impression
C.impressive;?impress
D.impressive;?impression
答案:D
解析:第一空位于冠词后名词前,故应填形容词,结合句意应选用impressive“给人深刻印象的”,排除A、B;第二空位于“a
strong”之后,因此应选填名词impression“印象”,故答案选D。
concentrate&concentration?
1.
concentrate?vi.?&?vt.?全神贯注;专心致志(于某事物)
concentrate
on专心,专注
I
can
not
concentrate
on
my
studies
with
all
that
noise
going
on.吵闹声不绝于耳,我无法集中精神学习。
concentrate...?on?doing/sth?...?集中……做……
We
must
concentrate
our
efforts
on
improving
education.?我们必须集中精力改进教育工作。
2.
concentration?n.专注,专心
Perhaps
your
lack
of
concentration
can
be
due
to
feeling
burned
out
by
your
job.你之所以注意力不集中,可能是由于你觉得自己的工作太累了。
3.?表示“专注于……”的短语还有:
focus/fix
one's
attention
on
put
one's
mind
to
put
one's
heart
into?
【习题】1.翻译句子。
如果他把精力集中在学习上的话,他就能通过考试。
If
he
_______
on
his
study,
he
will
pass
the
exam.
答案:concentrates/focuses
2.翻译句子。
是你该专注于学习的时候了。
It's
time
for
you
to
______
______
attention
on?study.
答案:concentrate/
focus/
fix
your
3.按要求改写句子。
Put
your
mind
to
what
you
are
able
to
do
instead
of
worrying
about
something
that
probably
won't
happen.
(改为同义句)
Instead
of
worrying
about
something
that
probably
won't
happen,
______
______
what
you
are
able
to
do.
答案:concentrate/
focus
on
confident?&
confidence?
1.
confident?adj.
1)自信的;有自信心的
be
confident
about对……有信心
We
should
be
confident
about?our
future.我们应该对自己的未来充满信心。
肯定的;确信的;有把握的
be
confident
of
(doing)
sth对(做)......有把握【某人确信自己做事和成功的能力】
be
confident
that...
确信
.......【某人确信某事会以自己希望或期待的方式发生】
The
team
feels
confident
of
winning.这个队觉得有把握取胜。
I'm
confident
that
you
will
get
the
job.我肯定你能得到那份工作。
confidence?n.?自信心;把握
have
confidence
in...
对
......有把握/有信心
with
confidence
充满信心
confidence
in
oneself?自信
I
didn't
have
any
confidence
in
myself.我对自己一点信心都没有。
He
answered
the
questions
with
confidence.他有把握地回答了那些问题。
【习题】1.翻译句子。
Freddy对自己的歌唱非常有信心。
Freddy
was
very
______
______
his
singing.
答案:confident
about
2.翻译句子。
看起来这家公司对成功很有把握。
It
seems
that
the
company
is
______
______
success.?
答案:confident
of/
about
3.首字母填空。
I
always
thought
the
worst
of
myself
and
had
no
c______
in
a
lot
of
things.?
答案:confidence
4.选词填空。
Our
goal
is
to
prepare
students
to
go
into
the
business
world
______
confidence.
(with/for
)
答案:with
解析:分析句子结构可知,句子主谓宾成分完整,且设空处后为名词confidence,故设空处应填介词with,组成介词短语with
confidence?“充满信心地”作状语。句意:我们的目标是帮助学生做好准备,满怀信心地进入商界。
organisation?&
organise
1.
organise(=organize)?vt.&?vi.?组织,筹划,安排
He
has
the
ability
to
organise.
他有组织能力。
2.
organisation?(=organization)n.?组织;机构;安排;筹备
I
leave
most
of
the
organisation
of
the
conference
to
my
assistant.我把这些会议的大部分筹备工作留给我的助手。
拓展:
organised/organized?adj.?有组织的;有条理的
organiser/organizer?n.?组织者
【习题】1.翻译句子。
发言前首先整理下自己的思路,这样你就可以更有条理地阐明自己的观点。
Before
a
speech,?
______
your
thoughts?first,
so
that
you
can
explain
your
idea
in
a
more
______
way.
答案:organize/
organise;
organised/
organized
2.翻译句子。
工人们有权自行组织工会。
The
workers
have
the
right
to
______
______
into
unions.
答案:organize/organise;
themselves
3.翻译句子。
他们设立了一个机构来为地震灾民提供资金和其他援助。
They
______
______
an?______
to
provide
money
and
other
help
for
the
victims
of
the
earthquake.
答案:set
up
organization/
organisation
curious?&curiosity
1.?curious?adj.
1)?好奇的,求知欲强的,爱探究的。
be
curious
about?...对……好奇
be
curious
to
do?...好奇地做……,极想做……
Children
are
naturally
curious
about
everything
around
them.孩子们天生对他们周围的一切感到好奇。
I'm
curious
to
know
what
is
written
in
his
letter.我极想知道他在信中写了点什么。
2)?奇妙的,奇异的,稀奇的。
The
butterfly's
eye
is
rather
curious.蝴蝶的眼睛相当奇妙。
It
was
curious
that
she
didn't
tell
anyone.她没有告诉任何人,这很反常。
2.?curiosity?n.
1)?[U]好奇心;求知欲。
curiosity
about
sth.对……感到好奇
curiosity
to
do
sth.好奇做某事
out
of
curiosity出于好奇
2)?[C]奇物,珍品,古董
There
are
many
curiosities
in
the
curiosity
shop.在那个古董商店有许多奇物珍品
【习题】1.翻译句子。
奇怪的是她没有道别就离开了。
It's
______
______
she
left
without
saying
goodbye.
答案:curious/
strange/
unusual
that
2.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
They
are
all
surprised
at
my
son's
______
(curious).
答案:curiosity
解析:根据空格前的名词所有格my
son's可知,设空处要填名词,curious相对应的名词是curiosity,意为“好奇心”,故填curiosity。句意:他们都对我儿子的好奇心感到吃惊。
3.用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
The
boss
is
curious
______
(find)
out
the
reason
why
some
employees
want
to
go
to
other
companies.
答案:to
find
解析:分析题干可知本题考查be
curious
to
do“极想做……”,故填to
find。句意:老板极想查出为什么一些雇员想到其他公司去。
Grammar
practice
简单的基本句型
根据英语动词的不同用法,英语句子可分为以下几种基本句型。英语句子不论多么复杂、多么冗长,都是由这七种基本句型扩展而来的。
主语+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语又称作双宾语)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(宾语和宾语补足语又称作复合宾语)
主语+系动词+表语
主语+谓语+状语
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
重难点辨析:
1.?在“主+谓+间宾+直宾”结构中,间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前,但两者可进行位置的转换,转换时需借助借助介词to或for。
需借助to的及物动词有:give,?pass,
lend,
show,
send,?hand,
write,
bring,
offer,
tell等。
Pass?me?the
book,
please.=Pass?the
book?to?me,
please.请把书递给我。
需借助for的及物动词有:get,
find,
save,
earn,
take,
gain,
fetch,
order
(订购),
buy,
draw,
make,?cook,
fix,
build等。
My
friend
cooked
me
a
dinner.=My
friend
cooked
a
dinner
for
me.我朋友为我做了一顿晚餐。
2.?在“主+谓+间宾+直宾(双宾语)”结构中,不论间宾还是直宾,它们都是谓语动词的宾语,且间宾和直宾可借助介词to或for进行位置的转换;而在“主+谓+宾+宾补(复合宾语)”结构中,宾补是对宾语的补充说明,可理解为“宾语是什么或让宾语干什么”,它的逻辑主语是宾语。
We?bought
him?a
present.=We
bought
a
present
for
him.我们给他买了件礼物。
We?elected
him
president.我们选他当总统。(宾补president的逻辑主语是him,即:他当总统)
3.?有些动词既可作系动词又可作及物动词,如keep,
stay,
smell,
taste,
feel,
become,
get,
grow,
turn,
prove等。此时判断句子是“主+系+表”还是“主+谓+宾”结构的方法有两种:
A.?可从这两种句型结构的基本特征判断:“主+系+表”结构中系动词后需跟表示主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等的词作表语;及物动词后要跟名词或代词等作宾语说明该动作的对象。
Dinner
smells
good.饭菜闻起来很香。(主+系+表)
【表语good说明主语dinner的特征】
She
smelt
the
flowers.她闻了闻花。(主+谓+宾)
【宾语the
flowers是smelt该动作的对象】
?可将句中的动词换做be动词后看句子逻辑能否成立,句意是否通顺,如果通顺则是“主+系+表”结构,反之则是“主+谓+宾”。
将Dinner
smells
good.中smells换成is,变成Dinner
is
good.句子意思通顺,符合逻辑,是“主+系+表”结构。
将She
smelt
the
flowers.中smelt换成was后,变成She
was
the
flowers不合逻辑,句意不通,此句应是“主+谓+宾”结构。
4.?“主+系+表”结构与被动语态结构的区别。
“be+过去分词”这一结构既可以是系表结构,也可以是被动语态结构。这两种结构主要的区别是:系表结构强调状态,被动语态强调动作。
This?glass?is?broken.这块玻璃是破的。(系表结构,指主语的状态)
This?window?was?broken?by?Kate?yesterday.
这窗户是Kate昨天打破的。(被动语态,强调动作)
【习题】1.判断下面的句子属于哪种类型的句子结构。
They
decided
to
offer
the
job
to
Peter.
A主语+谓语+宾语
B?主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
答案:A
解析:句子的主语是They,谓语是decided,后面的不定式短语作宾语,属于“主谓宾”结构,答案选A。句意:他们决定让Peter做这个工作。
2.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
The
weather
is
becoming
warmer
and
warmer.
A?主+系+表
B?主+谓+宾+宾补
答案:A
解析:主语为The
weather,?is
becoming为系动词,warmer
and
warmer作表语。故答案选A。
3.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
The
headmaster
came
in
with
a
smile.
A主+系+表
B主+谓+宾
C主+谓+状
D主+谓+宾+状
答案:C
解析:该句是“主+谓+状”结构。主语为“The
headmaster”,谓语是不及物短语动词“came
in”,“with
a
smile”是介词短语在句中作状语。答案选C。句意:校长微笑着进来了。
4.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
The
headmaster
came
in
with
a
smile.
A主+系+表
B主+谓+宾
C主+谓+状
D主+谓+宾+状
答案:C
解析:该句是“主+谓+状”结构。主语为“The
headmaster”,谓语是不及物短语动词“came
in”,“with
a
smile”是介词短语在句中作状语。答案选C。句意:校长微笑着进来了。
简单的基本句型:主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
英语中有些动词经常带两个宾语(又称双宾语),一个指人,叫间接宾语;一个指物,叫直接宾语。构成简单句的基本句型:主语+谓语+间宾+直宾。后面可以跟双宾语的动词如下:
1.?give类:give,?pass,
lend,
show,
send,?hand,
write,
bring,
offer等动词;这些动词后的宾语能进行直接宾语与间接宾语位置的转换,当直接宾语位于间接宾语前时,间接宾语前需加介词to。
Pass?me?the
book,
please.=Pass?the
book?to?me,
please.请把书递给我。
2.?get类:get,
find,
save,
earn,
take,
gain,
fetch,
order
(订购),
buy,
draw,
make,?cook,
fix,
build等;这些动词后的双宾语能进行直接宾语与间接宾语位置的转换,当直接宾语位于间接宾语前时,间接宾语前需加介词for。
Fetch?me?some?coffee,
please.=Fetch
some?coffee?for?me,
please.请给我取点儿咖啡。??
?
?
?
??
注意:explain,
introduce,
mention,
deliver,
announce等后跟双宾语时,间接宾语前需加介词to;且不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。
He
explained
the
rules
of
the
game
to
me.他给我解释了游戏规则。?
双宾语的特殊情况
1.?当直接宾语是代词(it/them),间接宾语是名词时,或者两个宾语都是代词时,通常把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,并在其前加介词to或for。例如:
This
pen
is
Lucy’s.
Please
pass
it
to
her.这只钢笔是Lucy的,请递给她吧。
2.?当强调直接宾语时,常用:动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语。例如:
My
mother
cooks
breakfast
for
us
every
day.我母亲每天为我们做早餐。
3.?当间接宾语比直接宾语长时,常用:动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语。例如:
He
often
gives
his
seat
to
a
person
carrying
a
baby.他经常给抱小孩的人让座。
【习题】1.选出下列属于“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构的句子。
A.They
had
a
house
built
for
them.
B.The
old
man
promised
his
grandson
the
money.
答案:B
解析:A项是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句子,a
house
是宾语;built
for
them是宾语补足语;B项是“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”的句子,his
grandson是间宾,the
money
是直接宾语。所以选B。
2.选出下列属于“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构的句子。
A.Volunteers?order(订购)new
books
for
the
children
living
in
a
lonely
area.
B?She
brought
her
boyfriend
to
the
party.
答案:A
解析:分析句子结构可知,A是“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构的句子,主语是“?Volunteers?”,谓语是“order”,the
children
living
in
a
lonely
area是间宾;?new
books?是直宾;B是“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”结构,主语是“She”,谓语是“brought”,her
boyfriend是宾语,to
the
party是状语。故选A。
3.选出下列属于“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构的句子。
A?The
party
gained
over
50%
of
the
vote.
B?The
boss
offered?John?the
job.
答案:B
解析:选项A.The
party
gained
over
50%
of
the
vote.是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构,主语是“The
party”,谓语是“gained”,宾语是“50%
of
the
vote”;选项B.The
boss
offered?John?the
job
.是“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构,John是间接宾语,the
job是直接宾语,所以选B。
4.选出下列不属于“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构的句子。
A.The
boss
offered
him
a
good
job.
B.Shall
I
order
you
a
taxi?
C.?I
may
not
have
mentioned
it
to
her.
D.She
didn't
pass
her
driving
test.
答案:D
解析:A是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直宾”结构,主语是“The
boss”,谓语是“offered”,him是间宾;a
good
job是直宾;B是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直宾”结构,主语是“I”,谓语是“shall
order”,you是间宾;a
taxi是直宾;C是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直宾”结构,主语是“I”,谓语是“may
not
have
mentioned”,her是间宾;it是直宾。D不是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直宾”结构,句子的宾语只有一个“her
driving
test”。所以选D。
简单的基本句型:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
由动词的种类(及物动词、不及物动词、系动词)决定了英语简单句的基本句型,其中及物动词之后可以跟三种宾语形式,分别是宾语、双宾语及复合宾语。复合宾语即宾语+宾语补足语,其结构形式为:主语+vt.+宾语+宾补;宾补可以由以下词或词组充当:
1.?名词(短语)作宾语补足语,例如:
The
teacher
made
Tom?monitor
of
the
class.老师让Tom当这个班的班长。
2.?形容词作宾语补足语,例如:
It
took
them
15
minutes
to
get
the
boat?ready.?他们花了15分钟把船备好。
3.?副词作宾语补足语(多为表地点方位的副词),例如:
I
reserved
a
table
on
the
second
floor
and
show
me?upstairs,
please.我在二楼预定了餐台,请带我上楼去。
4.?介词(短语)作宾语补足语,例如:
We
must
get
food
and
emergency
aid?into
the
area?as
quickly
as
possible.我们必须尽快把食品和紧急救援物资送进那个地区。
5.?不定式作宾语补足语,例如:
I
had
to
force
myself?to
get
up?this
morning.今天早晨我不得不逼迫自己起床。
6.?分词作宾语补足语,例如:
Please
keep
us?informed
of
any
change
of
address?as
soon
as
possible.地址如有变更,请尽早通知我们。
You
shouldn’t
have
had
me?waiting
for
so
long.?It
was
a
waste
of
my
precious
time.你本不应该让我等那么久,这是在浪费我宝贵的时间。
注意:
1.?在这个句型里,当宾语是动词不定式短语、宾语从句时,常常用形式宾语it代替真正的宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句子后部
He
considers
it
his
duty
to
mention
this
to
her.他认为向她提及这件事是他的责任。(在这句里to
mention
this
to
her是真正的宾语,his
duty是宾语补足语,it是形式宾语)
I
think
it
best
that
you
should
stay
with
us.我认为你最好与我们待在一起。(在这句里,that...with
us是宾语从句,best是宾语补足语,it是形式宾语)。
2.?当复合宾语中的宾语变为主语,句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语就变为主语补足语了。
People
elected
him
president
of
the
small
country.人们选举他做这个小国的总统。(president在本句中作宾补)
He
was
elected
president
of
the
small
country.他被推选为这个小国的总统。(president在本句中作主补)
【习题】1.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
I
do
not
consider
it?necessary?to
report
the
incident.
A?主+谓+直宾+间宾
B?主+谓+宾+宾补
答案:B
解析:该句谓语部分为do
not?consider,it是形式宾语,to
report
the
incident为真正宾语,necessary宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的情况,故该句为“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。答案选B。
2.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
I
had
my
watch
repaired
yesterday.
A?主+系+表
B?主+谓+宾
C?主+谓+宾+宾补
D?主+谓+直宾+间宾
答案:C
解析:该句中I是主语,had是谓语,my
watch是宾语,repaired是过去分词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的情况,故该句属于“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。答案选C。
3.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
I?saw?a?thief?stealing?something.
A?主+谓+宾+宾补
B?主+谓+宾+状
答案:A
解析:该句中I是主语,saw是谓语,a?thief是宾语,stealing?something是现在分词短语作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的状态,故本句属于“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。答案选A。
4.选出下面属于“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构的句子。
A.Don't
let
your
child
play?with
matches.
B.The
sun
sets
in
the
west.
答案:A
解析:A项是省略主语You的祈使句,谓语部分是Don't
let,your
child是宾语,play
with
matches是宾语补足语,该句是“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构;B项set(落下)是不及物动词在句中作谓语,in
the
west是介词短语作地点状语,故该句是“主+谓+状”结构。答案选A。
简单的基本句型:主语+系动词+表语
1.?主语(Subject):主语是一句话的中心,是句子叙述的对象,表示所说的是谁或是什么,其位置一般放在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词(短语)、代词、动名词(短语)、形容词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、从句或某些固定词组等来充当。例如:
Li
Lei?is
a
Chinese
boy.李磊是个中国男孩。?
He?is
from
England.他来自英格兰。?
Feeding
the
birds?is
my
hobby.我的爱好是喂鸟。?
What
she
said?is
right.她所说的是对的。?
2.?系动词(Linking
Verb):在英语中,系动词的功能主要是把表语(名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句)和它的主语联系在一起,说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态等。它有自己的意义但不完整,不能在句中独立作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起才能表达完整的意义。
系动词分三类:
(1)?表状态或持续性的动词be,
keep,?remain,
stay,
lie,?stand等。
His
mother
is
a
doctor.他的母亲是名医生。
(2)?感官类连系动词:feel,
smell,
sound,?look等。
His
voice
sounded
strange
on
the
phone.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。
The
flower
smells
nice.花闻起来很香。
(3)?表转变或结果的连系动词:become,
get,
grow,
turn,
go,
prove,?turn
out,
fall?等。
It
is
getting
dark.天渐渐变暗了。
His
conclusion
turned
out
to
be
right.他的结论是对的。
3.?表语(Predicative):表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语位于系动词之后,与系动词联系十分紧密。通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、非谓语动词、从句来充当。
【习题】1.选出下列属于“主+系+表”结构的句子。
A.?It’s
rude?to
ask
a
lady
her
age.
B.He's
always
worrying
about
his
weight.
答案:A
解析:A项中It是形式主语,to
ask
a
lady
her
age是真正的主语,is是系动词,rude是表语,属于“主+系+表”结构;B选中He是主语,is
worrying
about是谓语,his
weight是宾语,属于“主+谓+宾”结构。故选A。
2.选出下列属于“主+系+表”结构的句子。
A.The
noise?kept
him?awake.
B.His
advice?proved
to
be
valuable.
答案:B
解析:A项中The
noise是主语,kept是谓语,him是宾语,awake是宾语补足语,属于“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构;B项中His
advice是主语,proved是系动词,to
be
valuable是表语,属于“主+系+表”结构,故选B。
3.选出下列属于“主+系+表”结构的句子。
A.How
to
solve
the
problem
is
a
hot
potato.
B.They
made
a
fire
to
keep
the
room
warm.
答案:A
解析:A项中How
to
solve
the
problem是主语,is是系动词,a
hot
potato是表语,属于“主+系+表”结构,该句意为:如何解决这个问题是个棘手的问题。B项中They是主语,made是谓语,a
fire是宾语,to
keep
the
room
warm是状语,属于“主+谓+宾+状”结构。答案选A。
4.判断以下句子哪个属于“主+系+表”结构。
I
am
showing
him
my
pictures.
B.The
soup
tastes
delicious.
C.The
birds
are
singing?happily.
D.We
often
speak
English
in
class.
答案:B
解析:A项是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”结构,am
showing是谓语部分,him是间接宾语,my
pictures是直接宾语(show后可跟双宾语,show?sb.
sth.意为“给某人看某物”);B项是“主+系+表”结构,taste是感官类系动词,delicious是形容词作表语;C项是“主+谓+状”结构,are
singing是谓语部分,happily是副词作状语;D项是“主+谓+宾+状”结构,speak是谓语,English是宾语,in
class是介词短语作状语。综上,答案选B项。
简单的基本句型:主语+谓语+宾语+状语
“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”句型是在“主语+谓语+宾语”句型的基础上添加状语而成。这一句型的谓语动词必须是及物动词或短语;状语可以由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)、形容词、with复合结构等充当,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、程度、让步等意义。状语位置灵活,可放句首、句中、句末。
该句型常见的有以下几种情况:
主语+谓语+宾语+副词状语
Fortunately,
our
team
won
the
game.幸运的是,我们队赢了这场比赛。
He
left
school
early.他很早就离开了学校。
2.
主语+谓语+宾语+介词短语状语
He
is
studying
English
in
the
room.他现在正在房间里学习英语。
3.?主语+谓语+宾语+不定式状语
He
studied
three
foreign
languages
to
find
a
good
job.为了找一份好工作,他学习了三种外语。
4.?主语+谓语+宾语+分词状语
Not
receiving
any
letter
from
him,
I
gave
him
a
call.由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。
Given
more
time,
I
would
do
the
job
much
better.如果给我更多的时间,我会把工作做得更好。
5.?主语+谓语+宾语+with复合结构状语
With
the
problem
solved,
they
have
more
chances
to
succeed.随着问题的解决,他们成功的可能性更大。
主语+谓语+宾语+形容词状语
Unable
to
afford
the
time,
I
had
to
give
up
the
plan.由于抽不出时间,我不得不放弃这个计划.
More
important,
he
has
got
a
steady
job.更重要的是,他得到了一份稳定的工作。
?【习题】1.判断以下句子哪个属于“主+谓+宾+状”结构。
A.He
is
going
to
build
the
children
a
doll’s
house.
B.Glad
to
accept
the
suggestion,
he
nodded
his
agreement.
C.We
can
travel
around
the
world.
D.Lucy’s
ideas
are
always
inspiring.
答案:B
解析:A项是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”结构,“is
going
to
build”是谓语部分,“the
children”是间接宾语,“a
doll’s
house”是直接宾语;B项是“主+谓+宾+状”结构,“nodded”是谓语,“his
agreement”是宾语,“Glad
to
accept
the
suggestion”是形容词短语作状语;C项是“主+谓+状”结构,“can
travel”是谓语部分,“around
the
world”是介词短语作状语;D项是“主+系+表”结构,“inspiring”是形容词作表语。综上,答案选B。
2.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
Encouraged
by
his
parents,
he
still
lacks
confidence.
A.主+谓+状
B.主+谓+宾+宾补
C.主+谓+直宾+间宾
D.主+谓+宾+状
答案:D
解析:
该句中he是主语,lacks是谓语,confidence是宾语,still是副词在句中作状语,Encouraged
by
his
parents是过去分词短语作状语。故该句为“主+谓+宾+状”结构,答案选D。
3.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
You?will
face
different
challenges?in?your?new
school.
A?主+谓+宾+宾补
B主+谓+状
C主+谓+宾+状
D主+系+表
答案:C
解析:“You”是主语;“will
face”是谓语部分,“different
challenges”是宾语,“in
your
new
school”是介词短语作状语。故该句为“主+谓+宾+状”结构,答案选C。
4.判断下列句子属于哪种句型结构。
How
did
you
deal
with
new
challenges?
A?主+谓+宾+宾补
B?主+谓+宾+状
C?主+谓+状
D?主+系+表
答案:B
解析:该句是“主+谓+宾+状”结构的特殊疑问句。其中you是主语,deal
with是短语动词作谓语,new
challenges是宾语,How是副词作状语表示方式。答案选B。
there
be的综合用法
1.?肯定式
There
be+主语+状语,这里be的单复数形式要采用“就近一致”的原则,即和紧邻be的主语一致。例如:
There
is
a
computer
and
two
books
on
the
desk.桌子上有有台电脑和两本书。
There
are
50
students
and
a
teacher
in
this
classroom.这个教室里有50名学生和一位老师。
2.?否定式
There
be+not+主语+状语。例如:
There
are
not
any
books
on
the
desk.=There
are
no
books
on
the
desk.桌子上没有书。
3.?一般疑问句式
Be
there
+主语+状语?,例如:
—Is
there
Wi-Fi
in
the
classroom?教室里有无线网吗?
—Yes,
there
is.是的,有的。
—Are
there
many
students
in
this
school?这个学校有很多学生吗?
—No,
there
aren't.不,没有。
4.?特殊疑问句式
(1)对表示人的主语提问,用Who+be
+状语?,例如:
There
is?a
girl?in
the
classroom.教室里有个女孩。→Who
is
in
the
classroom?谁在教室里?
(2)?对表示物的主语提问,用What+be
+状语?,无论主语是单数还是复数,be动词用单数形式,例如:
There
are?many
English
books?over
there.那边有很多英语书。→What's
over
there?那边是什么?
(3)?对数字提问,用How
many/much+名词+be
there+状语?,例如:
There
are?50?students
in
this
classroom.教室里有50名学生。→How
many
students
are
there
in
the
classroom?教室里有多少名学生?
拓展:
1.
there
be句型的时态
一般现在时:There
is
/are+主语+其他.
一般过去时:There
was/
were+主语+其他.
一般将来时:There
will
be+主语+其他.
现在完成时:There
has/have
been+主语+其他.
过去完成时:There
had
been+主语+其他.
例如:Once
upon
a
time,
there
was
a
king
in
the
temple.从前庙里有个国王。
There
will
be
a
meeting
tomorrow
morning.明天上午将有一个会议。
2.
there
be根据句意需要可以和情态动词连用,构成“There
may/must/could
be+主语+其他.”。例如:
There
are
a
lot
of
clouds
in
the
sky.
There
must
be
a
rain
today.天空乌云密布,今天一定会下雨。
3.
there
be根据句意需要,还可以与seem
to,appear?to,happen
to,used
to,is
likely
to等结合,构成“There+seem/appear/happen/used/is
likely
+to
be+主语+其他.”,组成不同的含义。例如:
There
seemed
to
be
no
one
who
really
understood
me.似乎没人真正理解我。
4.?there除动词be外,还可以和其它一些表示存在概念的状态动词,如remain,exist,live,lie,stand等连用,构成“There
remain/exist/live/lie/stand+主语+其他.”。例如:
There
lies
a
river
behind
the
house.屋后有一条河。
?【习题】1.翻译句子。
我打电话时你办公室正好没人。
There
______
______
______
no
one
in
your
office
when
I
phoned.
答案:happened
to
be
2.选词填空。
There
______?piles
of
books?and
a
desk
in
the
classroom.?(is/are)
答案:are
解析:There
be句型谓语动词的单复数需根据“就近一致”的原则,由于该句谓语动词临近的主语为piles
of
books是复数形式,故选are。
3.选词填空。
There?happened
to?______?a?bird
flying
above.?(be/have)
答案:be
解析:分析题干可知,此处是there
be句型和happen
to
do的结合,故选be。句意:碰巧有只鸟从上方飞过。
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
There
______
(be)
a
wonderful
concert
next
week.
答案:will
be
4.按要求改写句子。
There
is?a
computer?on
the
desk.?(对划线部分提问)
______
______
on
the
desk?
答案:What
is
解析:
划线词a?computer指物,所以用what?提问,对there
be句型中表示物的主语提问时,应用“What+be+状语?”形式,be?动词用单数,时态和原句时态一致。答案为What
is。