2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit3 Sports and fitness 课后练习（含答案）

2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一：Unit3
Sports
and
fitness
课后练习
1.阅读填句
　　It
comes
as
no
surprise
that
exercise
is
good
for
your
health.
Positive
changes
happen
to
your
body
before,
during,
and
after
a
workout.
　1　?
　　Build
up
your
body
　　There
are
quite
a
few
scientific
reasons
to
do
strength
training.
It
makes
muscles
(肌肉)
bigger
and
bones
stronger,
thus
lowering
the
risk
for
certain
diseases.
Running
is
an
easy
but
effective
way
to
help
build
your
muscles.
　2　
But
a
recent
study
found
that
a
short
run
can
benefit
the
legs
in
the
short
term.
And
for
now,
experts
say
running
has
more
benefits
than
risks.
?
　　Improve
your
brainpower
　　Exercise
can
help
your
brain,
not
just
your
body.
Physical
activity
helps
brain
cells
(细胞)
grow.
　3　
That’s
because
physical
exercise
quickly
increases
a
person’s
heart
rate
and
carries
more
blood
to
the
brain,
improving
the
brainpower.
?
　　Establish
a
mind-body
connection
　　Too
much
stress
can
lead
to
inflammation
(炎症).
　4　
But
simple
mind-body
exercises
like
yoga
can
not
only
reduce
inflammation
but
also
lower
the
risk
of
depression.
New
research
shows
they
can
even
change
your
genes
to
fight
off
poor
health.
Research
proves
that
even
just
15
minutes
a
day
of
practicing
mindfulness
seems
to
do
the
trick.
?
　　　5　
National
guidelines
recommend
more
than
two
hours
of
physical
activity
each
week.
But
science
says
people
who
pack
that
amount
into
one
or
two
days
get
about
the
same
benefits.
Either
way,
get
moving
is
the
key!
?
A.
It
is
the
body’s
painful
response
to
injury
and
overuse.
B.
Mindful
exercises
can
improve
your
long-term
well-being.
C.
Then
what
is
the
proper
amount
of
exercise
you
should
take?
D.
And
moving
more
appears
to
lower
the
chances
of
memory
loss.
E.
Recent
research
shows
more
details
about
the
benefits
of
exercise.
F.
Exercise
can
also
help
people
deal
better
with
anger
and
feel
happier.
G.
Some
believe
the
activity
can
damage
the
knees
or
cause
other
injuries.
2.阅读理解
A
　　It’s
no
secret
that
your
personal
characteristics
directly
affect
how
you
interact
with
the
world—but
you
might
be
surprised
at
just
how
deep
it
goes.
Experts
think
that
your
personality
can
even
affect
how
you
exercise
and
influence
what
sports
are
suitable
for
you.
　　Highly
Sensitive
　　Highly
sensitive
people
may
be
more
uncomfortable
with
group
exercise
classes
or
team
sports
where
they
feel
their
every
move
is
being
observed.
Additionally
they
may
feel
more
upset
over
an
ineffective
or
poor
workout,
says
researcher
Elaine
Aron.
　　For
such
people,
individual
or
non-competitive
activities
like
biking,
running
and
hiking
are
ideal.
　　Type
A
Personality
　　Type
A
individuals
often
have
an
“all
or
nothing
approach”
to
exercise.
This
personality
type
is
known
for
sticking
closely
to
their
plan,
not
to
mention
being
super
competitive.
However,
this
can
cause
them
to
stick
too
closely
to
a
fitness
routine,
which
means
they
might
try
to
push
past
an
injury.
　　To
get
better
exercise
results,
Type
A
people
need
to
be
aware
that
following
an
exercise
plan
too
strictly
may
limit
their
progress.
They
should
be
more
flexible
and
listen
to
their
bodies,
especially
when
they
are
in
pain.
　　Type
B
Personality
　　This
laid-back
group
may
get
too
lazy
about
their
exercise
plans,
which
prevents
them
from
seeing
results.
They
are
often
less
willing
to
devote
enough
time
and
energy
to
their
fitness
goals,
especially
if
exercise
is
something
that
makes
them
anxious.
　　Type
B
individuals
succeed
in
creative
and
co-operative
environments,
so
team
sports
and
group
gym
classes
may
be
perfect.
　　Remember,
there
are
plenty
of
ways
and
you
can
adapt
a
fitness
plan
to
suit
your
needs,
regardless
of
your
characteristics.
Just
keep
in
mind
what
you
like.
1.
Why
might
highly
sensitive
people
be
unwilling
to
take
part
in
group
sports?
A.
They
will
feel
like
they
are
being
evaluated.
B.
They
don’t
like
socializing
with
other
people.
C.
They
don’t
consider
themselves
to
be
athletic.
D.
They
fear
they’ll
be
let
down
by
their
teammates.
2.
Type
A
personalities
can
be
best
described
as
______.
?
A.
flexible.
　　　　　　
B.
committed.
C.
independent.
D.
sensitive.
3.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
text?
A.
To
help
people
understand
what
personality
type
they
are.
B.
To
identify
the
dangers
of
doing
the
wrong
type
of
exercise.
C.
To
explain
how
personal
characteristics
affect
exercise
habits.
D.
To
describe
different
types
of
workouts
that
are
available
today.
B
Debra
Avery
has
been
a
horse
lover
since
she
was
a
little
girl
in
San
Diego.
Her
family
couldn’t
afford
a
horse
of
their
own,
so
Debra
borrowed
rides
at
the
local
horse-riding
center,
gaining
the
confidence
only
found
atop
a
horse.
Years
later,
Debra
remembered
those
early
days,
and
the
lessons
she
learned
with
the
horses
at
the
riding
center,
and
wanted
to
help
other
young
women
get
the
benefits
of
connecting
with
horses.
“I
always
wanted
to
run
a
horse
program
for
girls
like
me,
”says
Debra.
“I
wanted
to
help
them
gain
the
courage
to
be
around
a
horse
and
to
care
for
a
horse.
”
One
day
at
the
Los
Angeles
Horse-riding
Center,
as
Debra
rode
beside
fellow
rider
Judith
Hopkins,
she
mentioned
an
inheritance(遗产)from
her
father-in-law
and
her
desire
to
use
it
to
serve
disadvantaged
girls.
Judith
had
the
same
dream
and
a
name
for
the
organization.
They
founded
Taking
the
Reins(TTR)in
1998.
The
organization
serves
more
than
400
young
women
per
year
in
after-school,
weekend,
and
summer
programs
that
feature
horse
riding
and
care,
gardening
and
even
competitive
horse
showing.
Most
participants
live
below
the
poverty
line
and
often
have
not
had
reliable
housing
for
more
than
six
months
at
a
time.
Few
have
previous
horse
experience.
TTR
uses
farm
and
ranch
experiences
to
teach
responsibility,
leadership,
teamwork,
and
self-confidence.
Director
Dr.
Jane
Haven
says,
“A
large
number
of
our
girls
are
somewhat
autistic(孤独症的).
I
can’t
count
how
many
of
them
have
found
their
first
social
friends
thanks
to
sharing
this
hobby
and
activity.
Horses
bring
them
out
in
such
a
wonderful
way.
”
Jane
also
sees
members
of
TTR
program
excel
in
school—100
percent
of
young
women
involved
for
four
years
or
more
have
graduated
from
high
school.
Ninety-nine
percent
of
those
participants
have
gone
on
to
attend
four-year
colleges.
Debra
sees
a
more
obvious
impact—after
a
few
weeks
in
the
TTR
program,
the
young
women
sit
a
little
higher
in
their
saddles(马鞍).
“There’s
just
something
about
sitting
up
on
the
back
of
a
horse
that
gives
them
a
boost
of
confidence.
”
4.
What
programs
does
TTR
offer?
A.
Horse
riding
and
showing.
B.
Horse
care
and
farming.
C.
Pet
care
and
gardening.
D.
Weekend
hiking
and
camping.
5.
Who
was
the
organization
founded
for?
A.
Homeless
and
lonely
women.
B.
Hard-working
school
girls.
C.
Female
autistic
patients.
D.
Poor
horse-loving
girls.
6.
In
what
way
has
TTR
changed
its
members’
life?
A.
They
have
been
given
financial
aid.
B.
They
have
achieved
academic
excellence.
C.
They
have
grown
into
professional
horse
riders.
D.
They
have
been
provided
with
reliable
housing.
7.
What
can
we
learn
from
the
last
paragraph?
A.
TTR
is
a
profit-making
organization.
B.
TTR
program
lasts
a
few
weeks.
C.
The
girls’
confidence
grows
quickly.
D.
The
girls
can
ride
taller
horses.
　　
书面表达
你校正在组织以My
Sports
Story为题的英文作文比赛。请写一篇短文参赛,
内容包括:
1.
你喜欢的运动项目;
2.
日常运动情况;
3.
你的运动体会。
注意:
1.
词数80个左右;
2.
可适当增加细节,
以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.阅读填句
1.
E。上文提示“在锻炼前,
锻炼中,
锻炼后,
你的身体会发生积极的变化。”承接上文,
E项Recent
research
shows
more
details
about
the
benefits
of
exercise.
(最近的研究显示了更多关于锻炼益处的细节)切题。故选E。
2.
G。根据上文提示“跑步是一种简单但有效的锻炼肌肉的方法。”再根据下文提示“但是最近的一项研究发现,
短时间的跑步对腿有好处。”承接上下文,
G项Some
believe
the
activity
can
damage
the
knees
or
cause
other
injuries.
(一些人认为这种活动会损害膝盖或导致其他伤害)切题。故选G。
3.
D。根据上文提示“体育活动有助于脑细胞生长。”再根据下文提示“这是因为体育锻炼能快速提高人的心率,
并为大脑输送更多的血液,
从而提高脑力。”承接上下文,
D项And
moving
more
appears
to
lower
the
chances
of
memory
loss.
(更多的运动似乎可以降低失忆的几率)切题。故选D。
4.
A。根据上文提示“压力过大会导致炎症。”再根据下文提示“但是简单的身心运动,
比如瑜伽,
不仅可以减少炎症,
还可以降低抑郁的风险。”承接上下文,
A项It
is
the
body’s
painful
response
to
injury
and
overuse.
(它是身体对受伤和过度使用的痛苦反应)切题。故选A。
5.
C。根据下文提示“国家指南建议每周进行两小时以上的体育锻炼。”承接下文,
C项Then
what
is
the
proper
amount
of
exercise
you
should
take?
(那么你应该进行的适当运动量是多少呢?
)切题。故选C。
阅读理解
1.A。细节理解题。根据Highly
Sensitive中第一句“高度敏感的人可能对于团体运动课或团队运动有不舒服的感觉,
在那里他们感觉他们的每一个动作都会被观察。而且他们可能对效率低或者差的练习感到更沮丧”可知,
高度敏感的人对于自己的每个动作被人观察、被评估而不安,
分析选项可知A符合题意,
故选A。
2.B。推理判断题。根据Type
A
Personality中的Type
A
individuals.
.
.
This
personality
type
is
known
for
sticking
closely
to
their
plan,
not
to
mention
being
super
competitive.
“A型性格的人以一直坚持自己的计划而闻名,
更不用说他们具有超强的竞争力了”可知,
这种性格的人往往一直坚持自己的计划,
即做某事很投入。分析选项flexible灵活的;
committed坚定的,
献身于某种事业的;
independent
独立的;
sensitive敏感的,
可知,
B项committed符合题意,
故选B。
3.C。推理判断题。本文的第一段说明了人的性格特征直接影响一个人与世界的互动,
而且影响很大。专家认为,
你的个性甚至会影响你的锻炼及影响适合你的运动。接着下文解释了不同的性格具体是如何影响锻炼习惯的。分析选项知C项(解释个人特征如何影响锻炼习惯)符合题意,
故选C。
4.A。细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句可知,
TTR项目包括骑马运动和马术表演。
5.D。细节理解题。由文章第三段第三句可知,
此组织是为贫穷的喜欢骑马的女孩提供帮助的。
6.B。推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段可知,
参加骑马运动四年或更长时间的女孩百分之百高中毕业,
其中百分之九十九继续去念了四年大学,
即取得了优秀的学术成绩。
7.C。推理判断题。由最后一段Debra的话可知,
经过几周的骑马训练,
女孩们很快树立了自信心。
3.书面表达
My
Sports
Story
　　Good
morning,
everyone!
I’d
like
to
share
my
sports
story
with
you.
　　Of
all
the
sports,
I
like
table
tennis
best,
which
is
the
most
popular
sports
in
China.
On
weekdays,
I
usually
play
table
tennis
after
school
and
I
have
learned
many
practical
skills.
I
also
take
part
in
other
sports
activities
in
our
school,
including
running,
basketball
as
well
as
football.
On
weekends,
I
go
cycling
or
climb
the
hill
and
I
have
great
fun.
In
my
opinion,
not
only
does
sport
help
me
build
up
my
body,
train
my
brains
and
keep
me
confident,
but
also
it
helps
me
make
a
lot
of
friends.