2022年人教版英语中考一轮复习语法必考点讲练---介词（含习题及答案）

中考一轮复习语法必考点---介词
精讲
一.介词用法辨析
1.
时间介词用法辨析
1)具体时间:
at:
后接时刻或较短的具体时间
on:后接具体某天的上午／下午／晚上、星期、日期、节假日等特定的时间
in:后接上午／下午／晚上、月、季、年、世纪等较长的一段时间
后接时间段，表示“在某段时间之内或之后”
2)时间前后:
before:在某时之前，不包含某时
after:在······之后，后接事件、时间点或时间段
3)时间起点:
from:从某一时间点开始，常与to连用
since:后接时间点，指从过去某时起延续到现在，常与完成时连用
4)时间期间:
for:后接时间段，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间
during:多指事件发生“在······期间”，也指“在······期间的某个时候”
through:强调事件进行的全过程，表示“从·······开始到········结束”
beyond：强调超过或晚于某一时间
5)时间结点
by:后接时间点，表示“到某时为止动作已完成”
until:用在否定句中，表示“直到········才”
用在肯定句中，表示“直到.
.
.
.
.为止”
2.地点方位介词用法辨析
1)at：后接小地方；也指某个具体位置，表示“在某地”
in：后接大地方；也可指“在······里”
（lie)
in:表示前者在后者的区域范围内
（lie)
to:表示两地相隔一定距离（不接壤）
（lie)
on:表示两地相邻（接壤，但互不管辖）
3)to:向，往，强调到达
toward
(s):向，往，强调方向
4)on:与物体的表面相接触；也指在任何广阔的面上
above:不接触物体表面的上方，不一定是正上方；也指“高于·.
.
.
.
.
”
below:不接触物体表面的下方，不一定是正下方；也指“低于·.
.
.
.
”
over:不接触物体表面的正上方
under:不接触物体表面的正下方
5)around:在·········四周
beyond:超出·······范围
6)between:表示两者之间，常与and连用
among:表示三者或三者以上之间
7)past:“经过／走过”某地
through:“穿过”某个立体空间（如：窗户、沙漠、森林等）
over:“越过”某障碍物（如：山、树、墙、篱笆等）
across:“横过”某物的表面，从一边到另一边
across
from:在·······对面
8)in
front
of:在······前面（外部）
in
the
front
of:在·······前部（内部）
9)at
the
back
of:在······的后面
behind:在······的后面；
也可表“支持”
10)down:沿着，有“向下，向远处”之意，go
down区分上下，有两头的概念
along:沿着、顺着，所接名词通常为形状狭长的事物，go
along强调水平方向，不分路两头
11)next
to:紧靠······;在·······旁边
near:多指空间或时间上“不远的，接近的”；其反义词为far
from
by:在······旁边，常与beside
互换
beside:在旁边；在附近
12)inside:在······里面
outside:在······外面
13)onto:到另一个平面上
into:从外面进入
out
of:从·······中出来
off:离开；从·······移开
3.方式介词用法辨析
1)表示“交通方式”:
by:
by+交通工具或与交通工具相关的名词
in:
in+限定词＋交通工具，表示“在······里”
on:
on+限定词＋交通工具，表示“在···上”（on
foot除外）
2)表示“工具、材料、手段”等
with:with+(限定词＋）具体的工具或方法
in:
in+某种语言或材料
by:
by+某种手段或方法
through:
through+具体途径或手段，具有较强的中介性
on:on+电视／录音机／电话／网络等
拓展：
表示“交通方式”的句型转换：
介词by/in/on也可以转换为动词walk/take/ride,
如：My
classmates
went
to
Three
Gorges
Museum
on
foot
yesterday.
=My
classmates
walked
to
Three
Gorges
Museum
yesterday.
我同学昨天步行去了三峡博物馆。
She'll
get
there
by
bus/on
a
bus
on
Sunday.
=She'll
take
a
bus
to
get
there
on
Sunday.
星期天她将乘公共汽车去那里。
Do
you
often
go
to
school
by
bike/on
a
bike?
=
Do
you
often
ride
a
bike
to
school?
你经常骑自行车去学校吗？
4.因果介词用法辨析
for:意为“因为，由于”，表示理由或原因
because
of:意为“由于，因为”，为普通用语，较口语化
due
to:意为“由·····造成”，强调造成某种后果的原因
thanks
to:意为“多亏，由于”，多用于好的方面，相当于感谢
拓展：
because
of
与because的区别：
because
of
是短语介词，后接名词、代词、动名词（短语）：
because是连词，后接句子，
如：We
have
to
put
off
holding
our
sports
meeting
because
of
the
bad
weather.
由于坏天气，我们不得不推迟举办运动会。
Chen
likes
his
job
because
he
can
meet
many
different
people.
陈很喜欢他的工作，因为他可以遇到很多不同的人。
thanks
to与
thanks
for的区别：
thanks
to是短语介词，意为“多亏，由于”：
thanks
for是“复数名词＋介词”结构，意为“因······而感谢”。
如：Thanks
to
the
leacher,I've
made
great
progress.
多亏了老师，我取得了很大的进步。
Thanks
for
designing
an
app
for
English
writing.
感谢您设计出用于英文写作的应用程序。
5.包括／排除介词用法辨析
including:意为“包括······在内”，含有补充说明之意
but:意为“除······之外”；与表否定意义的词连用时，意为“只有”
besides:意为“除······外，还有.
.
.
.
.
”，侧重指除主干句内容外还有besides后的内容
except:意为“除了·.
.
.
.
.
”，侧重指同类事物中除去except后的内容
except
for:意为“除了·.
.
.
.
”，侧重指不同类事物中的排除，即except
for前后内容不在一个维度上
6.介词的特殊用法
by:意为“被，由”，用于被动结构，引出动作的实施者
in:后接颜色，表示“穿着特点”
后接声音，表示“声调特点”
用于最高级句型中，侧重范围，表区域
of:用于最高级句型中，侧重范围，表对象
用于所有格，表示所属关系
用于形容词句型中，描述人的性格、品质
for:用于形容词句型中，描述事物的性质、特征
意为“为，给；由于；对······而言”
against:意为“反对，违背”，其反义词为for
with:意为“和·····一起”
意为“带有；附有”，也可表伴随
without:意为“没有”，其反义词为with
about:意为“关于”，多用于讲故事、谈话、思考、简单或浅显的论述等
on:意为“关于”，多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，具有学术性
to:意为“对着”，表对象
from:表示“来自，源于”；也可与to连用，表示从某地到另一地
as:意为“作为”
like:意为“像；·······怎么样”
under:意为“不足，低于”
意为“由·······控制；受······影响”
拓展：
as/like意为“像”时的区别：
当读及不同的人，事物或动作之间的相同点时，as和like均可以使用，
此时like是介词，后面可跟名词，代词或动名词：
而as是连词和副词，可以引导从句或与介词短语连用。
如：Remember
to
adways
love
yourself
and
love
others
as
you
love
yourself.
记住要永远爱自己，并像爱自己一样爱别人.（as为连词）
Patty
got
home
after
school
as
usual.
帕蒂像往常一样放学回家。（as为副词）
I
apologized
and
prormised
that
I
would
not
do
anything
like
that
again.
我道歉，并保证不再做类似的事情。（like
为介词）
二.常考介词固定搭配
1.介词+名词
at
last
最后
al
the
age
of.
.
在（某人）.
.
.
.岁时
at
the
moment
此刻
at
home
在家
at
present
现在
at
the
same
time
同时
on
duty
值日
on
sale
降价出售
on
foot
步行
on
time
准时
on
the
Internet
在因特网上
on
the
left/right在左／右边
on
one's
way
to在某人去······的路上
on
(the)one
hand...on
the
other
hand...一方面·····另一方面.
.
.
.
in
time
及时
in
person
亲自
in
silence
沉默
in
fact
事实上
in
a
hurry
匆忙
in
the
face
of
面对
in
need/trouble
处于困境中
in
this
way
用这种方式
in
the
end
最后
in
a
minute
立刻
in
danger
在危险中
in
one's
way
挡某人的路
in
public
公开地
in
order
整齐有序
in
a
way在某种程度上
by
the
way顺便说一下
by
accident
偶然
by
mistake
错误地
2.名词＋介词
lack
of
缺乏
a
pair
of
一双
a
couple
of
一对
the
key
to······的关键
the
answer
to·····的答案
talent
for······的天赋
3.动词＋介词
laugh
at
嘲笑
look
after照顾
worry
about
担心
leam
about
了解
hear
from
收到······的来信
shout
at
冲······大声叫嚷
listen
to
听
look
at
看
belong
to
属于
talk
about
谈论
learn
from
向······学习
die
of死于（内因）
ask
for
请求
look
for
寻找
care
about
担心：关心
think
about
思考
hear
of
听说
die
from死于（外因）
be
made
in产于（某地）
be
made
from由······制作（看不出原材料）
be
made
of由····制作（可看出原材料）
4.be+形容词＋介词
be
afraid
of
害怕
be
full
of
充满.
.
.
.
be
careful
of/with/about
小心
be
good
to
对······和善
be
strict
with/aboul对······要求严格
be
proud
of
感到自豪
be
angry
with
生······的气
be
good
at
擅长
be
good
with
善于应对·.
.
.
.
.
be
satisfied
with对······感到满意
be
late
for
迟到
be
busy
with
忙于.
.
.
.
be
good
for
对·······有好处
be
interested
in
对······感兴趣
be
different
from与······不同
be
famous/known
for以·····闻名
be
famous/known
as作为······而闻名
be
famous/known
to为······所知
5.其他
at
least至少
at
once
立即
al
most至多
after
all
毕竟
at
first
首先
around/all
over
the
world
全世界
with
the
development
of随着·······的发展
to
one's
surprise使某人惊讶的是
with
the
help
of
sth.
/sb.在某物／某人的帮助下
精练
一．完成句子
1.Linda
is
leaving
for
Guangzhou
when
class
is
over.(改为同义句）
Linda
is
leaving
for
Guangzhou_________________.
2.我们每年三月植树。
We
plant
trees______________every
year.
3.窗户旁边有一架钢琴。
There
is
a
piano_____________________.
4.如果人们遇上麻烦，我们应该帮助他们。
If
people
are__________________,
we
should
help
them.
5.你至少要花半个小时才能到达那里。
It'll
take
you______________half
an
hour
to
get
there.
二．单项选择
1.
-Mr.
Mu,
when
did
the
earthquake
in
Ya'an,
Sichuan
happen?
一_____8:
02_______the
morning
of
April
20th,
2013.
On;in
B.
At;on
C.
At;in
D.
On;on
It's
good
for
us
to
drink
milk_______the
morning.
A.at
B.on
C.in
D.from
3.
Shall
we
stop
and
wait
for
others?
They
will
catch
up______a
few
minutes.
A.at
B.on
C.in
D.for
4.
Many
young
people
put
mobile
gaming_______anything
else,
thinking
little
of
their
normal
lives.
A.along
with
B.behind
C.before
D.in
front
of
5.
They
usually
go
shopping________their
lunch
break.
A.
against
B.among
C.between
D.during
6.
I'm
looking
after
Tom
today.
He's
been
in
my
house______8:
00
this
morning.
A.at
B.since
C.for
D.till
7.
We're
leaving
tomorrow.
We
will
be
away_______next
Friday.
A.from
B.until
C.on
D.since
8.
_______
all
his
pocket
money,
Dan
bought
a
present
for
his
mother
on
Mother's
Day.
A.
With
B.
For
C.
By
D.
In
9.
Taiwan
lies_____the
east
of
Fujian,
_______the
southeast
of
China.
A.on;in
B.to;in
C.on;to
10.
-This
problem
is
far_______me,
I'm
afraid
I
can't
work
it
out.
－Don't
worry,
we
will
help
you.
A.beyond
B.beside
C.behind
D.between
11.
-Oh,
my
god!
I've
left
my
keys
in
the
room.
I'll
have
to
get
in______the
window.
－It's
dangerous.
You'd
better
wait
for
your
mom
to
come
back.
A.past
B.over
C.across
D.through
12.
-Excuse
me,where
is
the
bookstore?
－Go_____the
bridge.
You'll
see
it
on
your
left.
A.on
B.cross
C.across
D.through
13.
It's
so
cold
outside.
Remember
to
close
the
door_______you
when
you
leave.
A.beside
B.before
C.with
D.behind
14.
-What's
this______English?
－It's
a
map.
A.on
B.in
C.to
D.for
15.
_____free
education,
more
and
more
poor
children
can
go
back
to
school
in
the
mountain.
A.
Without
B.
Thanks
to
C.
Instead
of
16.
-Did
you
have
a
sports
meeting
yesterday?
－No,we
didn't.
It
was
put
off_______the
heavy
rain.
A.instead
of
B.because
of
C.as
for
D.across
from
17.
Many
cities
in
China,______Beijing,
have
been
deeply
affected
by
dirty
air.
A.including
B.behind
C.without
D.beyond
18.
-A
person's
life
is
like
a
road________lots
of
difficulties.
－Yes,
so
we
need
positive
energy.
A.by
B.with
C.along
D.during
19.
-She
sold
her
treasures
to
cure
her
mother's
illness,even
though
it
was____her
own
wishes.
－It's
so
kind______her.
A.against;of
B.above;of
C.on;for
D.for,for
20.
The
"teacher-free
exam"
means
that
students
take
their
exams_______teachers.Students
must
be
more
honest.
A.without
B.against
C.through
21.
-Hurry
up.
It's
almost
time
for
school.
－Don't
worry.
We
are
sure
to
be
at
school______.
A.
at
times
B.on
time
C.all
the
time
D.by
the
time
22.
-If
someone
is______your
way,what
will
you
do?
－I
will
wait
until
he
or
she
moves
instead
of
pushing
past.
A.in
B.on
C.by
D.along
23.
Cao
Yinpeng
is
a
9-year-old
Chinese
boy.
He
is
known_____saving
his
father's
life.
A.for
B.at
C.by
24.
-How
was
your
life
in
England?
－Quite
different
from
here.______，people
there
drink
tea
with
milk.
In
my
opinion
B.
To
my
surprise
C.
At
the
beginning
Don't
ask
him
to
study
too
late
into
night.
______,
he
is
only
a
child.
A.
As
a
result
B.
After
all
C.
On
earth
D.
For
example
参考答案：
一．1.after
class
2.in
March
3.by(the
side
of)/beside
the
window
4.in
trouble
5.at
least
二．1-5BCCCD
6-10BBABA
11-15DCDBB
16-20BABAA
21-25BAABB