陕西省某二中2013届高三英语二轮复习精品课件：定语从句（2）

(共71张PPT)
第十讲 定语从句
1．关系词的使用，特别是which，that，when，where等；
2．介词和关系代词连用时，介词的选用；
3．以as引导的定语从句；
4．只用that的情况；
5．只用which的情况；
6．关系代词与关系副词的选用；
7．定语从句与强调句型的区别。
从2011年的考题来看，定语从句主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词、非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时)、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。此外，非限制性定语从句关系代词as和which的区别，是近年来的热点之一；对于表地点、时间的先行词模糊化，为近年来高考的热点和难点。
1．(2011·全国卷Ⅰ) The prize will go to the writer________story shows the most imagination.
A. that　　　　　　　B. which
C. whose D. what
解析　考查定语从句whose作定语的用法。句意：奖品将发给其故事最具想象力的作家。story与先行词writer之间为所属关系，故用whose。
答案　　C
2. (2010·山东) That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. What
解析　本题考查定语从句的引导词。句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。
答案　　C
3. (2010·陕西)The old temple________roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where B. which
C. its D. whose
解析　考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。
答案　　D
4. (2010·北京) Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose
C. which D. that
解析　本题考查定语从句关系代词的选择。句意“不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。”本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系代词。A中的what不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的，符合题意。
答案　　B
5．(2009·安徽)Many children，________parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
A．their B．whose
C．of them D．with whom
解析　先行词为children，将先行词还原到定语从句中：many children’s parents are away working in big cities。由此可以看出被还原部分为many children’s，用了一个’s所有格作定语修饰parents。在所有的关系词中只有whose可以在定语从句中作定语，故答案选B。
答案　　B
　whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语
I know the girl whose father is our headmaster.
我认识那个女孩，她的父亲是我们的校长。
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。
that引导的定语从句
1．(2011·山东)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other.
A. they　　　　　　　　 B. where
C. what D. that
解析　此题考查定语从句的引导词。句意：“这个老城镇拥有建的彼此靠近的狭窄的街道和狭小的房屋”。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用 that。
答案　　D
2. (2010·全国卷Ⅱ)I refuse to accept the blame for something________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that
C. as D. what
解析　考查定语从句的引导词。不定代词something作先行词，用that引导定语从句。
答案　　B
3．(2011·北京) Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________， of course, made all the others upset.
A. who B. which
C. what D. that
解析　 考查非限定性定语从句。逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，选择which。
答案　　B
1．不用that的情况
(1)引导非限定性定语从句时
(2)介词后不能用。
2．只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(2)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(3)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
(4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
(5)先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
【专家提醒】
定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的(名词)”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：
We all have heard the news that our team won.
我们都听到了我们球队胜利的消息。 (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)
We don’t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.
我们不相信他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语)
1．(2011·江西)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________had taken more than three years.
A. for which　　　　　B. with which
C. of which D. to which
解析　考查定语从句。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间，介词用of。选C。
答案　　C
2．(2011·浙江) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of________uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what
C. them D. those
解析　 考点为高一重点非限制性定语从句，其实考生看到那标志性的逗号就应该有所觉悟。前面主句完整不缺成分，故后面部分一定为状语或定语从句，根据句意可以判断出后面是对前面cultures的解释，则确定是定语从句cultures即先行词，排除B(并非名词性从句)、C(代词，引导从句不当)、D(副词，词不达意)。
答案　　A
3．(2011·湖南)Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of________she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom
C. which D. that
解析　考查定语从句复合关系词的选用。介词后不能用that，由于先行词是语言，故选C。
答案　　C
4．(2010·上海)Wind power is an ancient source of energy________we may return in the near future.
A．on which B．by which
C．to which D．from which
解析　考查定语从句。句意：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to“重新利用”，属于固定搭配。故排除含有介词on，by和from的A、B、D项。
答案　　C
5．(2010·浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which
C．them D．those
解析　考查定语从句。该从句的先行词是nearly 1,000 people，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，此处先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，应该用关系代词whom，据此选A项。
答案　　A
1．介词＋关系代词中介词的宾语只能是which或whom
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
2．当复合介词短语＋which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序
He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
3．介词＋which/whom＋不定式结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
那个可怜的人没有房子住。
4．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)
Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
1．(2011·江苏)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，________the audience can buy ice cream.
A. when　　　　　　B. where
C. that D. which
解析　这道题考查非限定性定语从句。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A.
答案　　A
2．(2011·浙江)A bank is the place________they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that
C. where D. there
解析　 主句主系表结构俱全，后面一定是起修饰作用的定语或状语从句，看意思从句是在解释前面的place是一个怎么样的地方，确定是定语从句且先行词即place。而从句主谓宾结构俱全也不缺成分，因此用连接副词where在从句中代替place充当状语。句子的中文直译：银行，是在天晴之时借伞给你、到了下起雨来之时就催你还回去的地方。
答案　　C
3．(2011·福建)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where
C. what D. who
解析　考查限制性定语从句关系词的选用。句中atmosphere为先行词，which引导定语从句且在从句中作主语。
答案　　A
4．(2010·江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.
A．where B．who
C．which D．what
解析　考查关系词的用法。由空后句子中的stay可知，先行词应为表示地点的the training centre；同样由stay可知，先行词在定语从句中作状语。故用关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。
答案　　A
1．关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。
2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.
他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.
他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。
3．关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。具体用法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
【专家提醒】　先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。
I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.
我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里which/that指代the day作spent的宾语)。
1．(2010·四川)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________turned out to be a wise decision.
A．that　　　　　　　 　　B．which
C．when D．where
解析　考查非限制性定语从句。在此，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子的内容。句意：大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。
答案　　B
2．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ) Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T shirt，________is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that
C. what D. which
解析　which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是前面整个句子。
答案　　D
3．(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)My friend showed me round the town，________was very kind of him.
A. which B. that
C. where D. it
解析　 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。)
答案　 　A
1．关系代词as引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：
(1)such...as...像……那样的……。当先行词被such修饰或本身是such 时，as作为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰这个先行词。如：
We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
我们希望弄到像他使用的一样的工具。
They are such warmed hearted men as I’ll never forget.他们是那样热心的，我永远不会忘记的人们。
That was such terrible weather as destroyed our whole trip plan.
那是一个那样可怕的天气，毁坏了我们的整个旅游计划。
【专家提醒】　
such...as...与such...that...的区别
as引导定语从句，as要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。如：
He is such a good student as all the teachers like.
他是那样一个老师们都喜欢的好学生。
He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.
他是那样一个好学生，以致于老师们都喜欢他
(2)the same...as...像……一样的……。这是一个习惯句式，当先行词是the same或被the same修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，这时as是关系代词，常在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。这样的定语从句常用省略形式。如：
I live in the same house as he(lives in).
我的房子与他的房子相同。
She got the same salary as a man(got)．
她的薪金与男的相同。
【专家提醒】　
as引导的这种从句有时用that或where引导。that表示“同一个人或物”；as表示“相同中的另一个”。如：
I lived in the same house that he lives in.我与他住在同一房子中。
I lived in the same house where he lives.
比较：the same...that...像……一样的……。that引导定语从句，表示“同一个”。如：
She gave him the same answer as before：“No”．
她回答他跟以前一样：“不。”
This is the same dictionary that I lost last week.
这部词典同我上星期丢失的那一本一样。
2．关系代词as，which的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。
The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。
As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
＝The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.
＝It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
＝What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
后两句属名词性从句范畴。
(3)as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。
As is known to all，Bell invented the telephone.
＝Bell invented the telephone，as is known to all.
As is often the case，Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss.
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around________high mountains.
A. which was　　　　　 B. it was
C. which were D. them were
【易误分析】　容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【名师指津】　最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词＋which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around________I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
【易误分析】　容易误选B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【名师指津】　最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
3．________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
【易误分析】　容易误选A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。
【名师指津】　最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：
________is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
此题答案选A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。
4. David is such a good boy________all the teachers like.
A. that B. who
C. as D. whom
【易误分析】　此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such... that...句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【名师指津】　最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such...that...(如此……以至……)结构中， that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such...that...，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：
as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。
5. The buses, most of________were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it
C. them D. which
【易误分析】　容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【名师指津】　最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。
6. He had thousands of students, many of________gained great success in their own field.
A. whom B. them
C. which D. who
【易误分析】　容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。
【名师指津】　最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of...的前面加上连词and，则选B。
7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of________invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them
C. which D. who
【易误分析】　容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【名师指津】　最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。
8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park，________parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose
C. which D. that
【易误分析】　容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【名师指津】　最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。
9. If the man is only interested in your looks，________just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
【易误分析】　容易误选A或B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【名师指津】　正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。
10. She says that she’ll never forget the time________she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
【易误分析】　容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。
【名师指津】　正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。
1. It is morning________we have four classes, not afternoon.
A. when　　　　　　　B. which
C. that D. why
解析　 when 引导的定语从句。
答案　　A
2. Thousands of Haitians cheered as the Chinese medical team arrived，many of________even cried with joy.
A．those B．them
C．whom D．who
解析　 考查定语从句。此处为介词前置的非限制性定语从句。
答案　　C
3. The appearance of a super skyscraper in the desert is far beyond our imagination，________throws great doubt on the height of the tall building.
A. that B. one
C. which D. it
解析　 考查非限制性定语从句。此处which代替前面整个句子的内容。
答案　　C
4．He saw her coming, and advised me to hide behind the door，________advice I took at once.
A. whose B. what
C. that D. which
解析　 考查定语从句。此处考查which修饰名词的定语从句。此题较难。
答案　　D
5. Barrack Obama’s recent visit to the Asian nations clearly sent a message to the world ________Asia is important in America’s global partnership.
A. which B. where
C. that D. as
解析　 考查名词性从句的连接词。此处message是同位语从句的抽象名词，Asia is important in America’s global partnership是同位语从句。
答案　　C
6. She’s in a hopeless situation，________we will keep a very close eye on.
A. where B. when
C. which D. that
解析　 考查定语从句。此处situation是先行词，其在定语从句中作on的宾语。
答案　　C
7. Ms. Claire is a strict but kind teacher，________I respect and appreciate most.
A. that B. what
C. one D. which
解析　 考查定语从句的连接词及代词的用法。此处one是a teacher的同位语，其后带了一个定语从句I respect and appreciate most。
答案　　C
8. It was not until graduation________I realized what high school life means to me.
A. that B. when
C. while D. as
解析　 考查强调句型。此处not until graduation为被强调的部分。
答案　　A
9. The fact has worried many scientists________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A．what B．which
C．that D．though
解析　 考查同位语从句。此处fact是同位语从句的抽象名词，that引导的同位语从句后置。
答案　　C
10. The national Education Department says school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent serious accidents________students got injured or even killed.
A. that B. in which
C. by which D．when
解析　 考查定语从句。此处accident是先行词，其在定语从句中作状语。
答案　　B
11. —The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.
—I agree. They can apply their wisdom to other nettechnology from________human beings can benefit.
A．that B．which
C．what D．where
答案　　B
12. During World War II, he took many photos，________some captured the emotions of both the soldiers and the civilians in war torn Europe.
A．from them B.of which
C．by which D．among them
解析　 考查非限制性定语从句。此处原为some of which＝of which some。
答案　　B
13. We shouldn’t have spent our money testing so many people, most of________are healthy.
A. that B. which
C. what D. whom
答案　　D
14. That is the small house less than 20 square meters, under________roof lives a large family of three generations.
A. which B. whose
C. its D. that
解析　 考查定语从句的先行词。此处house和roof之间是所属关系，故用whose。
答案　　B
15. Tom took the police to the spot________the accident happened.
A．which B．that
C．where D．when
解析　 本题考查定语从句。因先行词是spot，且从句中的动词happen为不及物动词，后不能接宾语，故应选where来引导定语从句。
答案　　C
16. The lazy boy is expecting a way________he can get through the exams without hard work.
A. that B. in that
C. which D. where
解析　 考查定语从句的先行词。此处a way作先行词，用in which/that/省略先行词。
答案　　A
17. Since 1995, ________people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the network.
A. which B. when
C. in which D. by which time
解析　 考查定语从句的连接词。此处1995作call的宾语。
答案　　A
18. Our chemistry teacher announced that he would do the experiment in a different way________we might find interesting.
A．which B．in which
C．in that D．whom
解析　 考查定语从句的连接词。此处way在定语从句中作find的宾语，故用which。
答案　　A
19. It was after careful consideration________we decided to take action.
A．which B．that
C．why D．when
解析　 考查强调句型。此处强调after careful consideration。
答案　　B
20．(2010·福建省莆田一中高三上学期期末考试)It’s a fact________he has not received the letter.
A. that B. which
C. whether D. what
解析　 考查名词性从句的连接词。此处a fact是同位语从句的抽象名词。
答案　　A