人教版（2019）必修一~Unit4-Natural disasters单元重点回顾&写作指导（含答案）

Unit4-Natural
disasters单元重点回顾&写作指导
【基础词汇检测】
1．The
boxer
________
always
wins
world
champions
is
from
Canada.
2．The
only
reason
I
was
divining
for
water
was
because
of
the
________
(dry).
3．They
were
________
(trap)
in
the
burning
hotel
last
night.
4．With
more
forests
________
(destroy),
huge
quantities
of
good
earth
are
being
washed
away
each
year.
5．When
life
lets
you
down
and
when
it
seems
that
your
world
is
at
________
end,
take
courage
and
move
on.
6．The
man
was
so
buried
________
thought
that
he
didn't
see
the
pole
on
the
road.
7．Cyclists
must
wear
helmets
to
protect
themselves
from
________
(injure)．
8．More
than
70%
of
the
surface
________
(cover)
by
water.
9．I
know
the
man
________
house
was
destroyed
in
the
earthquake.
10．The
earthquake
was
so
big
that
most
of
the
houses
in
the
small
village
were
completely
________
ruin.
参考答案：
1who/that
2drought
3trapped
4destroyed
5an
6in
7injuries
8is
covered
9whose
10in
【核心词汇及用法归纳】
1．rescue
n．&
vt.
营救；救援
(1)come/go_to
sb.'s
rescue
来/去救助某人
rescue
team/workers
救援队/人员
(2)rescue
...
from
...
把……从……解救出来
2．damage
vt.
损害；破坏　n.
损坏；损失
(1)damage
one's_health
损害某人的健康
(2)cause/do
damage
to
...
对……造成损害
3．affect
vt.
影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
(1)be
greatly/deeply
affected
by
被……深深打动；被……深深影响
be
affected
with_high_fever
发高烧
affect
sb.
to_tears
把某人感动得流泪
(2)effect
n.
作用；影响
have
an
effect/influence_on
对……产生影响
4．shelter
n.
避难所；居所；庇护　vt.
保护；掩蔽　vi.
躲避(风雨或危险)
(1)take
shelter
from
...
躲避……
(2)shelter
sb./sth.
from
保护……(免受……)
5．ruin
n．&
vt.
破坏；损坏
(1)be/lie_in
ruins
倒塌；破败不堪
fall/come_into
ruin
成为废墟；毁灭
(2)ruin
one's_future/health
毁掉某人的前程/健康
ruin
oneself
自我毁灭
6．shock
n.
震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt.
(使)震惊
(1)in
shock
震惊；吃惊；休克
be
a
shock
to
使……吃惊
(2)shocked
adj.
震惊的；惊讶的
be
shocked
at/by
对……吃惊
be
shocked
to_do_sth.
因某事而吃惊
(3)shocking
adj.
令人震惊的(常用来形容物)
7．trap
vt.
使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n.
险境；陷阱
(1)be
trapped
in
...
困在……中，陷入……
trap
sb.
into_(doing)_sth.
诱使某人(做)某事
(2)lay/set
a
trap
for
为……设下圈套
fall/walk_into
a
trap
落入圈套
8．bury
vt.
埋葬；安葬
bury
sth.
in
把……埋到……里
bury
one's
face
in_hands
双手掩面
bury
oneself_in
埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
9．suffer
vt.
遭受；蒙受　vi.
(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(1)suffer
pain/a_defeat/loss/hardship/damage
遭受痛苦/失败/损失/艰难/破坏
suffer
from
受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering
n.
痛苦；苦恼
(3)sufferer
n.
受难者；患病者
10．survive
vi.
生存；存活　vt.
幸存；艰难度过
(1)survive
from
经过……之后还存在
survive
on
依靠……生存下来
(2)survivor
n.
幸存者
survival
n.
[U]幸存
[C]残存物
11．calm
adj.
镇静的；沉着的　vt.
使平静，使镇静
(1)calm
(sb.)
down
(使某人)平静下来；镇静下来
(2)stay/keep/be
calm
保持镇静
(3)calmness
n.
镇静；沉着
12．aid
n.
援助；帮助；救援物资　vt.&
vi.
帮助；援助
(1)with
the
aid
of
在……的帮助下
in
aid
of
用以援助
come_to_one's
aid
帮助某人
What's
...
in_aid_of?
……究竟是为什么(发生)；……是做什么用的？
(2)aid
sb.
in_(doing)_sth.
帮助某人做某事
aid
sb.
with_sth.
以某事/某物帮助某人
13．on
hand
现有(尤指帮助)
on
the
one
hand
...
,
on
the
other
hand
...
一方面…另一方面…
in
hand
在手中
hand
in
hand
携手；手拉手，密切合作
14．sweep
vt.&
vi.
(swept,
swept)
打扫；清扫
sweep
away
消灭，彻底消除，完全打消
sweep
up
打扫；清扫
sweep
aside
漠视，不理会，把……放在一边
sweep
out
打扫干净
sweep
over
突然袭来
make_a_clean
sweep
of
(在比赛、选举等中)大获全胜；大换班，大改变
15．strike
vi.&
vt.
(struck,
struck/stricken)
侵袭；突击；击打　n.
罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)be
struck
by/with
被……击中；(引申义)被……打动，迷恋……
It
strikes
sb.
that＝It
occurs
to
sb.
that
某人突然想到……
strike
...
into
one's
heart
使……刻骨铭心
strike
sb.
as
(being)
sth.
给某人(以……)印象；让某人觉得
(2)be/go_on
strike
罢工
16．deliver
vt.&
vi.
递送；传达　vt.
发表
(1)deliver
sth._to_sb./sth.
把……递送给……
deliver
a_speech
发表演说
deliver
a_baby
接生婴儿
(2)delivery
n.
投递；送货；分娩
17．effect
n.
影响；结果；效果
(1)have_an
effect
on/upon_sth.
对……有效；对……有影响
come/go_into
effect
生效
take
effect
生效；奏效
bring/put
...
into
effect
实施
in
effect
实际上
(2)effective
adj.
有效的；有影响的
(3)affect
vt.
影响
【重点语句】
1．It_seemed_as_if
the
world
were_coming_to_an_end！(教材P50)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2．Two_thirds_of
the
people
who_lived_there
were
dead
or
injured.(教材P50)
三分之二的居民或死或伤。
3．The_number_of
people
who_were_killed_or_badly_injured
in
the
quake
was
more
than
400,000.(教材P50)
在地震中受重伤或死亡的人数超过40万人。
4．Soon
after
the
quakes,
the
army
sent
150,000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig_out
those
who_were_trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.(教材P50)
很快，在地震发生后，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出并掩埋死者。
5．Workers
built
shelters_for
survivors
whose_homes
had
been
destroyed.(教材P50)
工人为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
6．The
city
began
to
revive_itself
and
get
back
up
on_its_feet.(教材P50)
城市开始自我重建，依靠自己的力量重新站起来。
7．Indian
officials
said
as_many_as
1,900
had
been
killed
along
the
southern
coast.(教材P54)
印度官方说，南部海岸多达1,900人遇难。
8．Thousands_of
people
are
still
missing,
and
the
number
of
deaths
is_expected_to
grow
even_higher_over
the
next
few
days.(教材P54)
数以千计的人仍然处于失踪状态，预计在接下来的几天死亡人数甚至将会继续上升。
【写作指导】
本单元的写作任务是概要写作中的“灾难事件”主题。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。概要写作考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在充分理解的基础上进行大意表达的能力。进行概要写作的短文的体裁一般以说明文和议论文为主。
一、解题步骤
概要写作一般遵循以下三个解题步骤：
1．读懂原文，抓住大意。
2．定位主题句，找到关键。
3．组织语言，转换表达。
二、注意事项
1．概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
2．安排好篇幅的比例，同原文保持协调。
3．注意两点之间的衔接，用适当的关联词语贯通全文。
4．不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子；可对原文句子做一些同义替换。
5．计算词数，注意是否符合规定的词数要求。
经典句式：
一、描写事物的性质或功用
In
the
passage,
the
writer
introduces...(对象)
to
us,
especially
its
...
(性质或功用),
from
which
we
know
...
(对象带来的好处)
二、问题＋解决方法
The
passage
represents
...(问题)
and
brings
forth
several
measures/methods
to
solve
the
problem,
which
includes
...(方法1)
...
(方法2)
...
(方法3)
三、现象＋原因/本质
The
writer/author
represents/introduces
...
of
...
,
because
...
(原因1)
...
(原因2)
四、灾难事件常用表达
1．Nowadays
there
have
been
frequent
natural
disasters,
such
as
floods,
droughts,
mud－rock
flows,
earthquakes,
windstorms
and
the
stretching
of
new
deserts.
They
have
destroyed
countless
homes,
and
wiped
out
numerous
pieces
of
fertile
land.
当下，自然灾害频发，如洪水，干旱，泥石流，地震，风暴和新的沙漠延伸。它们摧毁了无数的房屋，摧毁了许多肥沃的土地。
2．More
and
more
people
become
aware
that
those
disasters
have
much
to
do
with
what
we
have
done
to
the
earth.
越来越多的人意识到这些灾害都与我们对地球所作所为有很大关系。
3．The
natural
disasters
are
mainly
caused
by
human
destruction.
Deforestation
causes
the
soil
erosion;
the
chaos
of
sewage
water
cause
the
gradually
poor
water
quality;
the
disorderly
automobile
exhaust
causes
the
air
pollution;
improper
disposal
of
waste
causes
the
environment
damage
and
so
on.
自然灾害主要是人为破坏造成的。森林砍伐造成水土流失；污水乱排导致水质逐渐变差；汽车尾气乱排造成空气污染；垃圾处理不当造成环境破坏等。
4．In
face
of
natural
disaster,
we
should
timely
forecast
and
do
the
preventive
work.
面对自然灾害，我们要及时进行预测，做好预防工作。
5．In
case
of
emergencies
and
disasters
we
should
keep
our
head
and
try
to
rely
on
ourselves
to
escape
from
the
disasters.
在紧急情况和发生灾难时，我们应该保持头脑清醒，尝试依靠自己逃离灾难。
6．After
the
disasters,
instead
of
indulging
oneself
in
sadness,
one
should
be
positive
of
life
and
contribute
to
the
reconstruction
of
the
hometown.
灾后，我们不要沉湎于悲伤之中，应该积极面对生活，为家乡的重建做出贡献。
7．We
should
unite
together,
build
a
sustainable
and
nature
friendly
society,
making
the
world
a
better
place.
我们应该团结起来，建设一个可持续的、自然友好型社会，让世界变得更美好。
8．The
earth
is
our
only
home.
It
is
urgent
for
us
to
stop
damaging
it,
and
to
do
our
best
to
protect
it,
for
we
have
nowhere
to
go
and
survive
except
where
we
are
now.
地球是我们唯一的家园。因此，当务之急就是停止破坏它，并尽力保护它，因为除了我们现在生存的地方，我们已经无处可去。
经典例题：
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Speed
is
very
important
in
avalanche
(雪崩)
rescues.
There
will
be
narrow
chances
to
escape
if
a
skier
is
buried
for
30
minutes
or
more.
Now
that
30
minutes
can
mean
the
difference
between
life
and
death
for
a
skier
lost
on
a
snowy
mountain,
most
people
would
depend
on
life?saving
dogs.
Noble
works
as
a
rescue
team
member
in
a
vacation
land,
California.
He
tells
us,
“Dogs
run
fastest
when
an
accident
happens.”
His
partner
Wylee,
a
life?saving
dog,
can
search
an
accident
scene
the
size
of
a
football
field.
It
only
needs
5
to
10
minutes.
However,
5
rescue
team
members
have
to
spend
a
couple
of
hours
in
the
same
area.
Apart
from
its
excellent
speed,
Noble
chooses
Wylee
as
his
partner
partly
because
it
weighs
only
about
half
what
other
kinds
of
dogs
weigh.
Rescue
team
members
have
to
carry
their
dogs
to
search
sites
in
addition
to
carrying
60?pound
backpacks
with
food,
water
and
other
equipment.
The
dogs
need
the
lift
so
that
don't
get
tired
before
they
start
working.
There
aren't
adequate
data
on
how
often
dogs
take
part
in
avalanche
searches
or
how
often
they
are
able
to
help
local
people
in
danger.
But
the
dogs
don't
save
that
many
people.
That's
because
there
aren't
that
many
to
save.
A
quarter
of
people
in
danger
die
from
serious
injuries
before
the
snow
stops
moving.
Of
those
buried
who
weren't
killed
by
injuries,
half
die
within
20
minutes.
If
there
is
a
chance
of
rescue,
though,
the
dogs
also
cut
search
time
for
the
remains.
Erica
Mueller,
a
famous
director,
wanted
to
see
how
the
life?saving
dogs
worked,
so
she
volunteered
to
spend
part
of
an
hour
in
a
roomy
snow
cave
waiting
to
be
found.
She
was
armed
with
a
radio
and
was
wearing
several
layers
to
stay
warm.
After
being
rescued
by
Wylee,
she
said,
“I
can't
talk
like
a
survivor,
but
it
was
definitely
a
cool
way
to
see
how
well
trained
those
dogs
are.”
　
[精彩范文]
Life?saving
dogs
are
of
vital
importance
and
help
in
avalanche
rescues
due
to
their
excellent
speed.
(要点1)
In
addition,
another
advantage
of
life?saving
dogs
is
their
light
weight.
(要点2)
Nonetheless,
the
number
of
people
rescued
was
not
large
owing
to
serious
injuries
and
limited
time.
(要点3)
However,
through
an
experiment,
a
famous
director
Erica
Mueller,
spoke
highly
of
the
life?saving
dogs
in
avalanche
rescues.
(要点4)
总评　该作文准确把握了文中的四个要点，无一遗漏或偏差，略去了不必要的细节信息。同时语法结构运用准确、词汇运用和同义词转换恰当丰富、语言概括精炼到位。
[亮点呈现]
(1)连接词运用准确恰当。要点1和要点2为并列关系，用In
addition连接；要点2和要点3之间为转折关系，用Nonetheless连接；要点4和要点3之间也是转折关系，为避免重复，用However来表示转折。
(2)采用同义替换、语义转换等进行灵活准确的表达。如用of
vital
importance替换very
important；将save改为rescue；用speak
highly
of来肯定搜救犬的表现。
实战演练：
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Natalie
Doan,
14,
has
always
felt
lucky
to
live
in
Rockaway,
New
York.
Living
just
a
few
blocks
from
the
beach,
Natalie
can
see
the
ocean
and
hear
the
wave
from
her
house.
“It's
the
ocean
that
makes
Rockaway
so
special，”
she
says.
On
October
29,
2012,
that
ocean
turned
fierce.
That
night,
Hurricane
Sandy
attacked
the
East
Coast,
and
Rockaway
was
hit
especially
hard.
Fortunately,
Natalie's
family
escaped
to
Brooklyn
shortly
before
the
city's
bridge
closed.
When
they
returned
to
Rockaway
the
next
day,
they
found
their
neighborhood
in
ruins.
Many
of
Natalie's
friends
had
lost
their
homes
and
were
living
far
away.
All
around
her,
people
were
suffering,
especially
the
elderly.
Natalie's
school
was
so
damaged
that
she
had
to
temporarily
attend
a
school
in
Brooklyn.
In
the
following
few
days,
the
men
and
women
helping
Rockaway
recover
inspired
Natalie.
Volunteers
came
with
carloads
of
donated
clothing
and
toys.
Neighbors
devoted
their
spare
time
to
helping
others
rebuild.
Teenagers
climbed
dozens
of
flights
of
stairs
to
deliver
water
and
food
to
elderly
people
trapped
in
powerless
high?rise
buildings.
“My
mom
tells
me
that
I
can't
control
what
happens
to
me，”
Natalie
says,
“but
I
can
always
choose
how
I
deal
with
it.”
Natalie's
choice
was
to
help.
She
created
a
website
page
matching
survivors
in
need
with
donors
who
wanted
to
help.
Natalie
posted
introduction
about
a
boy
named
Patrick,
who
lost
his
baseball
card
collecting
when
his
house
burned
down.
Within
days,
Patrick's
collection
was
replaced.
In
the
coming
months,
her
website
page
helped
lots
of
kids:
Christopher,
who
received
a
new
basketball;
Charlie,
who
got
a
new
keyboard.
Natalie
also
worked
with
other
organizations
to
bring
much?need
supplies
to
Rockaway.
Her
efforts
made
her
a
famous
person.
Last
April,
she
was
invited
to
the
White
House
and
honored
as
a
Hurricane
Sandy
Champion
of
Change.
Today,
the
scars
(疮痍)
of
destruction
are
still
seen
in
Rockaway,
but
hope
is
in
the
air.
The
streets
are
clear,
and
many
homes
have
been
rebuilt.
“I
can't
imagine
living
anywhere
but
Rockaway，”
Natalie
declares.“My
neighborhood
will
be
back,
even
stronger
than
before.”
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Natalie的家乡Rockaway遭受了飓风桑迪的侵袭以及灾后Natalie和当地居民对家乡重建所付出的努力。
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