2022届新高考英语二轮复习：被动语态考点（学案）

2022届新高考英语二轮复习
被动语态考点
被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。
例如：
They?asked?the?visitors?not?to?touch?the?exhibits.
The
visitors
were
asked
not
to
touch
the
exhibits
?被动语态的构成
被动语态由助动词be
+?过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。如：
一般过去时的被动语态：was
/
were+过去分词。例如:
Many
trees
were
planted
on
the
hill
yesterday.
现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+过去分词。例如:
A
new
teaching
building
is
being
built
in
our
school.
注：含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词。例如：
Your
homework
must
be
handed
in
now.
使用被动语态时的注意事项
1)“get
+?过去分词”也可以表示被动语态，其中get与be一样起助动词作用。该结构一般用来谈论主语遭受到的变化或不好的事件。例如：
Unlike
humans,
they
never
get
lost
and
can
always
find
their
way
back.
2)动词带有双宾语的主动结构在变为被动结构时，可以把其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例如：
His
mother
gave
him
a
present
for
his
birthday.
→
He
was
given
a
present
by
his
mother
for
his
birthday.
(也可改为A
present
was
given
to
him
by
his
mother
for
his
birthday.)
3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例如：
Someone
caught
the
boy
smoking
a
cigarette
in
the
classroom.
→
The
boy
was
caught
smoking
a
cigarette
in
the
classroom.
4）在使役动词have,
make,
let以及感官动词see,
watch,
notice,
hear,
feel,
observe等后面用不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to通常省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例如：
Someone
saw
a
stranger
walk
into
the
building.
→
A
stranger
was
seen
to
walk
into
the
building.
5)有些由“动词＋介词”、“动词＋副词”构成的动词词组，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例如：
Engineers
can
see
how
it
works
and
make
changes
before
construction
is
carried
out.
6)一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,
consider,
expect,
hope,
know,
report,
say,
suggest,
suppose,
think等可以用于句型“It＋be动词＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be动词＋过去分词＋to
do
sth.”。例如：
Since
it
is
believed
that
strong
smells
can
affect
the
senses,
volunteers
were
required
not
to
eat
or
drink
for
eight
hours
before
the
experiment.
Loulan
is
believed
to
have
been
gradually
covered
over
by
sandstorms
from
AD
200
to
AD
400.
谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.?英语中有很多动词如?break,
clean,
lock,
open,
sell,
read,
wash等，当它们用来描述主语（某一事物）的特性时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，此时主语通常是物。例如：
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
easily.
It
is
popular
with
young
ladies,
so
it
sells
well.
值得注意的是，主动形式表被动意义强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：
The
door
won’t
lock.?????
（门本身有毛病）
The
door
won’t
be
locked.??
（不会有人来锁门,?指“门没有锁”是人为原因）
2.?连系动词没有被动形式,?但有些表示感受或感官的连系动词（如feel,
sound,
taste,
look,
smell等）常以主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
I?can’t?see?your?face,?but?you?sound?young.?How?old?are?you?
3.?动词want，need，require之后的动词和句子的主语是逻辑动宾关系时，常用v-ing的主动形式表被动意义。例如：
The
table
needs
repairing.
(The
table
needs
to
be
repaired)
真题练习
1.
My
washing
machine??????（repair）this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
2.When
fat
and
salt
____
(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
itis
missing
something.
3.Steam
engines
____
(use)
to
pull
the
carriages...
4.He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he____
(follow).
5.
Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,
____
(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all-round
forms
of
exercise.
6.—Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
—Yes.
We
____
(treat)well
by
our
hosts.
7.?
To
my
delight,
I____
(choose)from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.
8.
I
had
a
strong
desire
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy,
but
____(hold)
back
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
9．
If
nothing
____
(do),
the
oceans
will
turn
into
fish
deserts.
10.
After
school
we
went
to
the
reading-room
to
do
some
reading,
only
to
be
told
that
it
____(decorate).
参考答案
用括号中所给动词的正确时态和语态形式填空.
1.My
washing
machine?is
being
repaired（repair）this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.句意：我的洗衣机本周正在被修理，因此，我得用手洗衣服（现在进行时的被动语态）。
2.When
fat
and
salt?are
removed?(remove)
from
food,
the
food
tastes
as
if
it
is
missing
something.?（一般现在时被动语态）
句意：当脂肪和盐被从食物中去除时，食物尝起来就好像缺了什么。
3.
Steam
engines?were
used?(use)
to
pull
the
carriages...
????句意：蒸汽机被用来拉马车（1863年）。（一般过去时的被动语态）
4.He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he?was
being
followed?(follow).句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。（过去进行时的被动语态）
5.
Nowadays,
cycling,
along
with
jogging
and
swimming,?is
regarded?(regard)
as
one
of
the
best
all-round
forms
of
exercise.
（一般现在时的被动语态，本句的主语为cycling）
句意：如今，与慢跑和游泳一样，骑自行车被看作一种最好的全能运动形式。
6.—Did
you
enjoy
the
party?
—Yes.
We?were
treated?(treat)
well
by
our
hosts.句意：—你们在晚会上玩得开心吗？—很开心。主人把我们招待得很好（一般过去时的被动语态）
7.?
To
my
delight,
I?was
chosen?(choose)from
hundreds
of
applicants
to
attend
the
opening
ceremony.句意：令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。（一般过去时的被动语态）
8.
I
had
a
strong
desire
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy,
but?was
held?(hold)
back
thankfully
by
the
shopwindow.句意：我很想把手伸进去玩那个玩具，但幸好被橱窗挡住了。（一般过去时的被动语态）
9.
If
nothing?is
done?(do),
the
oceans
will
turn
into
fish
deserts.
句意：如果什么都不做，海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠。（一般现在时被动语态）
10.
After
school
we
went
to
the
reading-room
to
do
some
reading,
only
to
be
told
that
it?was
being
decorated?(decorate).?（过去进行时的被动语态）
句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。