2022届新高考英语二轮复习：短语动词考点（学案）

2022届新高考英语二轮复习：短语动词考点
学案
短语动词(phrasal
verb)是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。
在讲解短语动词的分类之前，大家先观察下面三组句子。
语境展示
Ⅰ.?
a.
I
called
on
her
this
morning.
b.
I
ran
across
Mary
in
the
library
yesterday.
c.
Haven’t
you
dealt
with
that
letter
yet?
Ⅱ.?
a.
Put
your
toys
away
in
the
cupboard
when
you’ve
finished
playing.
b.
Police
were
called
in
to
break
up
the
meeting.
c.
We
all
went
to
the
airport
to
see
her
off.?
Ⅲ.?
a.
We’re
so
much
looking
forward
to
seeing
you
again.
b.
Drive
faster.
They’re
catching
up
with
us.?
c.
She
has
always
looked
up
to
her
father.
短语动词的分类
短语动词主要有以下几类：?
01
动词+介词
“动词+介词”所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，不可分开使用，宾语只能放在介词之后。例如：
He
didn’t
agree
with
you
on
that
point.
02
动词+副词
1.
“动词+副词”所构成的短语动词，如果宾语是名词，宾语既可以放在副词之前，也可以放在副词之后。但如果宾语是代词，宾语只能放在动词和副词之间。例如：
The
super
star
came
to
the
hospital
to
cheer
the
girl
up.
=
The
super
star
came
to
the
hospital
to
cheer
up
the
girl.
2.
有些“动词+副词”所构成的短语动词中不需要宾语，此时的短语动词相当于不及物动词。例如：
The
war
broke
out
in
1939.
03
动词+副词+介词
“动词+副词+介词”所构成的短语动词只能看作是一个及物动词，介词后跟宾语。例如：
I
can’t
put
up
with
these
noisy
people.
Don’t
look
down
on
this
kind
of
work.
04
动词+名词+介词
“动词+名词+介词”所构成的短语动词也相当于一个及物动词，介词后跟宾语。
这类短语动词常见的有：keep
pace
with,
lose
touch
with,
make
friends
with,
make
fun
of,
pay
a
visit
to,
pay
attention
to,
take
advantage
of,
take
care
of等。
关于短语动词
●
同一动词与不同的副词或介词搭配，所构成的短语动词在意义上有很大差别。例如：
give
away
赠送，泄露，暴露
give
up
放弃，辞去
give
in
屈服，让步，投降
give
out
公布，分发
give
off
发出，放出
●
不同的动词和同一副词或介词搭配，所构成的短语动词意义也不尽相同。例如：
take
on
承担，呈现
try
on
试穿
focus
on
集中，关注
insist
on
坚持
rely
on
依靠
●
有的短语动词有很多不同的意思，需要根据语境理解它们的意思。例如：
Fish
take
in
oxygen
through
their
gills.
(吸取)
The
tour
took
in
six
European
capitals.
(包括，包含)
I
hope
you’re
taking
in
what
I’m
saying.
(理解)
He
was
homeless,
so
we
took
him
in.
(收留)
This
dress
needs
to
be
taken
in
at
the
waist.(将衣服等改瘦)
Don’t
be
taken
in
by
his
charming
manner;
he’s
completely
ruthless.
(欺骗，蒙蔽或愚弄某人)
即学即练
请翻译下列句子（每空一词）。?
?
1.
当他年纪大了，他一定会把他的生意移交给他儿子的。
It
is
certain
that
he
will?　　　　?　　　　?his
business?　　　　?his
son
when
he
gets
old.?
?
2.
一旦做出了决定，我们所有人都应该坚持。
Once
a
decision
has
been
made,
all
of
us
should?　　　　?　　　　?it.
?
3.
我们必须尽快收麦子，因为一场风暴就要来临。
We
have
to?　　　　?　　　　?the
wheat
as
soon
as
possible
because
a
storm
is?　　　　?　　　　?　　　　.
?
4.
我跟你说话的时候,
你要注意听!
　　　　　?　　　　?when
I’m
talking
to
you!?
?
5.
我们应该充分利用我们的时间。
We
should?　　　　?　　　　?　　　　?　　　　our
time.?
key:
1.
hand
over;
to??
2.
stick
to?
??
3.
get
in;
on
the
way?
4.
Pay
attention??
5.
make
full
use
of??
TASK
每空一词
努力学习，你就能赶上班上的其他同学。
Work
hard
and
you
will
be
able
to?　　　　?　　　　?　　　　other
students
in
the
class.