2022届新高考英语二轮复习:
非谓语动词
考点一:
非谓语动词的用法
(一)
动名词或不定式作主语:
【考例】
________
your
own
needs
and
styles
of
communication
is
as
important
as
learning
to
convey
your
affection
and
emotions.??
A.
Understanding??
B.
To
be
understood??
C.
Being
understood?
D.
Having
understood
解析:A。
understand与your
own
needs
and
styles
of
communication之间为主动关系,空白处需用非谓语动词的主动形式。
【点拨】?
动名词或不定式作主语,有时可以通用。区别在于:动名词常表示抽象的、经常的动作或一般情况。不定式表示具体的、一次性或将要发生的动作。
(二)非谓语动词作定语:
不定式作后置定语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。单个的分词通常作前置定语,分词短语作后置定语。现在分词表主动、表进行;过去分词表被动、表完成。动名词作前置定语,表明被修饰词的用途。
【考例1】
Jim
has
retired,
but
he
still
remembers
the
happy
time
_________
with
his
students.
A.
to
spend?
?
B.
spend?
?
?
C.
spending?
?
?
D.
spent
解析:D。
句意:吉姆已经退休了,但是他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。设空处作后置定语,且time和spend之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
【考例2】
In
art
criticism,
you
must
assume
the
artist
has
a
secret
message
________
within
the
work.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
??
A.
to
hide?
?
?
?
?
??
B.
hidden?
?
?
?
?
?
?
??
C.
hiding?
?
?
?
?
D.
being
hidden
解析:B。
本句中名词短语a
secret
message与动词hide构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语hidden
within
the
work在句中作后置定语。
(三)不定式、现在分词或过去分词作状语:
不定式和现在分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,过去分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系。
【考例1】
Like
ancient
sailors,
birds
can
find
their
way
________
the
sun
and
the
stars.
A.
used
B.
having
used?
C.
using?
?
?
D.
use
解析:C。
birds是use这一动作的发出者,用动词-ing形式作状语。
【考例2】
________
in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow,
he
had
a
long,
hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.?
A.
Being
raised??
B.
Raising?
C.
Raised??
D.
To
raise
解析:C。
主语he与raise之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故用raise的过去分词形式,表示被动。
【考例3】
The
hospital
has
recently
obtained
new
medical
equipment,
________
more
patients
to
be
treated.?
?
A.
being
allowed?
?
?
B.
allowing?
??
C.
having
allowed?
?
??
D.
allowed
解析:B。
句意:这所医院近期获得了新的医疗设备,这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。根据题干可知,allow和其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,故排除A、D项。allow并没有先于obtain发生,可排除C项。
【考例4】
If
________
to
look
after
luggage
for
someone
else,
inform
the
police
at
once.?
??
A.
asked?
?
?
?
?
B.
to
ask?
?
?
?
?
?
C.
asking?
?
?
?
?
??
D.
having
asked
解析:A。
“连词+现在分词/过去分词”作状语,相当于省略的状语从句。主句为祈使句,默认主语为you;主语you与动词ask之间为被动关系,故使用过去分词。
(四)不定式、现在分词或过去分词作补语:
不定式和现在分词与宾语之间是主动关系,过去分词与宾语之间是被动关系。
【考例】?
When
we
saw
the
road
________
with
snow,
we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.?
A.
block?
?
?
?
?
B.
to
block?
?
?
?
??
C.
blocking?
?
?
?
?
?
D.
blocked
解析:D。
动词block与see的宾语the
road之间为被动关系,构成短语see
sb/
sth
done。
考点二:
非谓语动词的时态和语态
【点拨】
(1)立足谓语动词,判断时态。根据非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前、同时和之后,判断非谓语动词的时态。
(2)立足名词或代词,判断语态。根据非谓语动词与主语、宾语的关系,判断非谓语动词的语态。
【考例1】?
?
?Many
Chinese
brands,
__________their
reputations
over
centuries,
are
facing
new
challenges
from
the
modern
market.?
?
?
A.
having
developed?
B.
being
developed?
?
?
?
C.
developed?
?
?
D.
developing
解析:A。
句意:很多中国的品牌,已经积攒了几百年的声誉,正在面临着来自现代市场的挑战。分析句子结构可知,develop的逻辑主语是Many
Chinese
brands,两者之间为主动关系,再根据时间状语over
centuries可知用having
done形式。
【考例2】
Shortly
after
suffering
from
a
massive
earthquake
and
________
to
ruins,
the
city
took
on
a
new
look.?
?
???
A.
reducing?
?
?
??
B.
reduced??
C.
being
reduced?
?
?
D.
having
reduced
解析:C。
首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式;且reduce与主语city之间为被动关系,故选C。
【考例3】?
To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution
,
I'd
like
you
to
look
at
a
study
_______
in
Australia
in
2012.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
A.
having
conducted?
B.
to
be
conducted?
?
?
?
?
C.
conducting?
?
?
?
?
D.
conducted
解析:D。
study与conduct之间是被动关系,且该动作发生在2012年,因此用过去分词短语作定语。
考点三:
非谓语动词用于独立主格结构
和with的复合结构?
?
【考例1】?
The
lecture
________,
a
lively
question-and-answer
session
followed.?
??
A.
being
given??
B.
having
given??
C.
to
be
given?
D.
having
been
given
解析:D。
the
lecture是give的宾语,两者间为被动关系,且该动作发生在谓语动词followed之前,故用现在分词完成式的被动形式,the
lecture
having
been
given是独立主格结构,作状语。
【点拨】?
with复合结构由“介词with或without+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。作状语时,表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。非谓语动词的选择:
不定式表将来,常用主动形式表示被动意义。现在分词表主动或正在进行的动作。过去分词表被动或完成了的动作。
【考例2】
The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden,
weather
________.??
A.
permitting?
B.
to
permit
C.
permitted?
D.
permit
解析:A。
weather与permit
构成主谓关系,所以用现在分词。?
【点拨】独立主格结构由“逻辑主语+逻辑谓语”构成。逻辑谓语由不定式、现在分词、过去分词等充当。非谓语动词的选择与with复合结构相同。
考点四
非谓语动词主动形式表示被动含义
【考例1】
This
machine
is
very
easy
________.
Anybody
can
learn
to
use
it
in
a
few
minutes.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
A.
operating?
B.
to
be
operating?
C.
operated?
D.
to
operate
解析:D。
在句型“主语+be+
adj.(表示难易好坏等的形容词)+
不定式”中,如果主语是不定式的逻辑宾语,一般用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
【考例2】
As
a
result
of
the
serious
flood,
two-thirds
of
the
buildings
in
the
area
_____.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
A.
need
repairing?
??
B.
needs
to
repair?
?
C.
needs
repairing?
?
D.
need
to
repair
解析:A。
need,
want,
require等后接动词–ing形式时,通常用主动形式表被动意义。
考点五:固定结构
【考例】
If
he
takes
on
this
work,
he
will
have
no
choice
but
________
an
even
greater
challenge.?
?
?
?
?
?
?
??
A.
meets?
?
B.
meeting?
C.
meet?
?
D.
to
meet
解析:D。
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth.除了做某事别无选择。
TASK
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。?
?
?
1.??
?
?
?
?
?(lose)
in
thought,
my
dad
almost
ran
into
the
car
in
front
of
him.
?
2.
People
are
very??????
???
?(concern)
about
the
problems
of
the
environment.