2013年高考语法复习——定语从句
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(共65张PPT)
2013高考英语语法复习之
定语从句
来安县半塔中学
梅崇兵
定语从句考查的重点是关系副词与关系代词的区分及“介词＋关关系代词”型的定语从句，其中对as，which，whose用法的考查也比较多。考查方式由知识结构的单一性向综合性、交叉性转变；由重点考查关系代词向 “介词＋关系代词”以及关系副词转变。学习时尤其要注意以下两种定语从句：
1. 使用where而非“地点”型定语从句。定语从句的先行词是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名词而且从句缺少状语时，要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。
2. “分裂”型定语从句。即运用插入语、介词、副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词，以达到增加试题难度的效果。
2013年对定语从句考查将会继续遵循上述考点。
专题导读
定语从句是重要的英语语法知识点之一，是高考必考的知识点，通常以单项填空题的形式出现。涉及的知识点包括限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句、介词＋关系代词型定语从句和含插入语式的定语从句。形式多样，结构复杂，极易给考生带来麻烦。题目的设置主要考查的是定语从句的一些最基本的用法。最近几年，题目的设置注重了定语从句与其他从句的混合考查，这一点值得考生高度重视。
技巧点拨：
首先要判断是什么类型的定语从句，如果是非限定性定语从句不能用that，其次判断先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作主语、宾语、表语则用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，则用where ，when, why等关系副词。
对which 引导的非限定性定语从句的考查将会是各类命题考查的重点，并且结构的多样化和利用插入语增加句子的难度应该引起我们的注意；另外which可以指句子也可以指前面的指物的某一名词。
专题导读
【解析】 C 考查定语从句关系代词的用法。本空格在定语从句中作story的定语，因此用 whose。
1. ［2011·课标全国卷］ The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
真题典例
2. ［2011·全国卷］ Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T shirt, ________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A．this B．that C．what D．which
【解析】 D 句意：这个周末，泰德仅穿着运动短裤和T 恤，在这样的天气这真是一件愚蠢的事情。考查非限制性定语从句。which指代前面整句话的内容，而非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。this不能作引导词。what 不能引导定语从句。
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3. ［2011·北京卷］ Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ________， of course, made all the others upset.
A．who B．which C．what D．that
【解析】 B 句意：玛丽对杰克比她对其他人更好，这当然让其他人都不舒服。考查关系代词辨析。关系代词which指代前面一句话，引导非限制性定语从句，故选择B项。
4. ［2011·上海卷］ You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A．which B．where C．when D．as
【解析】 A 句意：你会发现出租车等候在公交车站，你可以搭乘出租车到达你寄宿的家庭。考查关系词辨析。分析定语从句先行词在从句中作宾语，故只能选择关系代词which，B、C、D三个选项均为副词，不能作宾语。故答案为A。
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5. ［2011·山东卷］ The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________are built close to each other.
A．they B．where C．what D．that
【解析】 D 句意：这座老镇拥有狭窄的街道和坐落在一起的矮小的房子。考查定语从句引导词的用法。分析句子结构可知，空格处及后面部分为定语从句，先行词为small houses, that代替先行词引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语。they, what不能引导定语从句。where引导定语从句时在句中作地点状语。故选D。
6. ［2011·江西卷］ She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which
【解析】 C 句意：她带领游客参观了博物馆，这座博物馆的建造工程花费了三年多的时间。考查“介词＋关系代词which”结构。先行词为museum，关系代词which在从句中充当后置定语，修饰the construction，用of which 作后置定语。
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【解析】 C 句意：一切剩下的东西可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保持两三个星期。考查非限制性定语从句。where代替in the refrigerator在从句中作地点状语。
7. ［2011·安徽卷 ］ Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A．when B．which C．where D．while
【解析】 C 句意：银行是晴天时借给你雨伞，下雨时收回雨伞的地方。考查定语从句的引导词。由于从句结构完整，不缺少句子成分，所以先行词为the place在从句中要充当地点状语，故使用关系副词where引导定语从句。
8. ［2011·浙江卷］ A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A．when B．that C．where D．there
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【解析】 A 句意：她有为学生创造允许他们自由交流气氛的天赋。考查定语从句的关系词。“…allows them to communicate freely with each other”是定语从句，修饰an atmosphere，先行词为atmosphere，用关系代词which，在定语从句中作动词allow的主语，故选A。
9. ［2011·福建卷］ She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where C．what D．who
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10.［2011·湖南卷］ Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ________ she spoke fluently.
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
【解析】 C 本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“all of ________”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰指代物的“German, French and Russian”，故排除A、B两项，又根据that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。
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11.［2011·陕西卷］ I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A．which B．where C．who D．that
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the top of the hill，在此处指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，选B。其余选项与题意不符。
12.［2011·四川卷］ The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A． which B．whose C．when D．where
【解析】 B 本题考查定语从句。此处是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店——其顾客大多是学生——因此放假就关门了。”
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13.［2011·天津卷］ The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A．when B．that C．where D．which
【解析】 A 考查定语从句的关系词。解题时要注意，关系词和先行词被are gone隔离。引导一个定语从句，代替表示时间的先行词the days，在从句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词when。句意为：全靠体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。
14.［2011·浙江卷］ English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________uses it somewhat differently.
A．which B．what C．them D．those
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，在从句中作of的宾语，所以应用关系代词which。
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1.More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area，________ there used to be very few.
A．when B．where C．what D．which
【解析】 1. B 句意：在附近的森林中发现了更多的野生老虎，而在过去，这一地区老虎数量非常少。考查关系副词用法。先行词是the forest，代入定语从句后为：There used to be very few （wild tigers） in the forest.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作状语，且表地点，故用关系副词where。
Exercises
2.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
A．where B．when C．that D．why
【解析】 C 句意：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的课程不足以应对工作中的所有情况。考查关系代词用法。先行词是the situations，代入定语从句后为：The situations appear in the working world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，故用that/which，且不可省略。
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3.Mount Wu yi is such an attractive place of interest ________ everyone likes to visit.
A．that B．as C．which D．what
【解析】 B 句意：武夷山是一个大家都喜欢去的旅游胜地。such…as…意思是“像……一样的”，as既是定语从句的引导词又在从句中作宾语。
4. Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons ________they were fond of________ influenced their whole lives.
A．which；that B．that；which
C．which；which D．that；that
【解析】 D 第一空格的that是定语从句的引导词，当定语从句中人和物共同作先行词时，引导词只能用that而不能用which；第二空格的that是用来构成强调句型的。
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5.This is the small house less than 15 square meters，under________ roof lives a large family of three generations.
A．which B．that C．its D．whose
【解析】 D 句意：这是那所不到15平米的房子，在这所房子里住着一个三代人的大家庭。whose引导定语从句修饰the small house, whose roof＝the roof of which。
6.The media today can draw public attention to situations ________ help is actually needed.
A．why B．while C．where D．whose
【解析】 C where＝in which，引导定语从句修饰situations。
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7.Is there a magic cutoff period ________children become responsible for their own actions
A．that B．on which
C．which D．when
【解析】 D in/during this period在这期间；先行词为period，when引导定语从句，这里相当于 during which/in which。
8.The famous scientist, ________a dinner party will be held tonight, is to arrive soon.
A．in honour of him B．in his honour
C．in whose honour D．in which honour
【解析】 C 句意：那位著名的科学家很快就要到了，为了表示对他的敬意今晚要举行一个宴会。 in one’s honour“为了纪念……，为了向……表示敬意”，whose引导定语从句修饰scientist。
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9.Mrs.Black took the police back to________ place ________ she witnessed the robbery.
A．the same；as B．the same；where
C．the same；that D．the same；when
【解析】 B 句意：布莱克夫人把警察带回到她目击了抢劫案的那个地方。the same place后的从句为定语从句，表地点时用where来引导，且在句中作状语，as和that均为关系代词，不能作本句中的状语。
10.________is known to us all that the old scientist, for________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
A．It；whom B．As；whom
C．As；whose D．What；whom
【解析】 A 句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家八十多岁的时候还在工作，对他来说过去的生活是艰辛的。it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；第二空格的whom引导定语从句修饰the old scientist。
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11. The small town is just the one you know ____ I used to work when I was young.
A．that B．which C．what D．Where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，先行词the one在从句中作地点状语，因此该空应填where引导的定语从句。做题时应注意先行词与定语从句之间出现的插入语you know。
12. The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son，________， I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling（溺爱）.
A．that B．which C．what D．Who
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。I have to admit作插入语， which在此引导非限制性定语从句， 充当从句的主语， 代指前面句子的内容。由此可以排除其他选项。
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13.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen ________ we have to hire graduating college students for help.
A．that B．when C．where D．As
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。把从句补充完整：We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation，可以看出，先行词为the situation在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where，因此答案为C。
14.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order ________ you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.
A．of which B．in which C．through which D．at which
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。此题从搭配入手，in…order意为“按照……顺序”，此题即可迎刃而解。
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15.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.
—Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.
A．which B．whose C．where D．whom
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。语意表示“你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况”。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the ease，表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。
16.—What does the notice say —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.
A．what B．as C．who D．which
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。
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17. We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.
A．next to it was a thick wood
B．next to which was a thick wood
C．next to it there was a thick wood
D．next to which a thick wood was
【解析】 B 考查定语从句和倒装。句意：我们居住在一个安静的旅馆，旅馆附近是一片茂密的树林。后半句是定语从句，句中的which代指hotel，从句用倒装。
18.The beautiful village，________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.
A．what B．that C．which D．where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。先行词the beautiful village表地点，定语从句we spent our holiday last month中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。
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19.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the government, will succeed.
A．which B．that C．what D．as
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the measures, which 在从句中作主语。
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定语从句
在主句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。
1. The students (who don’t study hard) will not pass the exam.
先行词 定语从句
主句:
The students will not pass the exam.
2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our English teacher.
先行词 定语从句
主句:
The woman is our English teacher.
引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which, who, whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.
归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。
which,指物，作主语或宾语。
who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。
that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。
1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly.
2) The car _______________________ my uncle
bought last week was stolen.
3) The students ________________ don’t study hard
will not pass the exam.
4) The woman ___________________ you saw in
the park is our English teacher.
5) He talked happily about the men and books____
__________ interested him greatly in the school.
which/that
which/that
who/that
whom/that
that
Fill in the blanks.
1. I still remember the day ___________ we spent in the forest.
2. I still remember the day ______________ I first came to Beijing.
3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.
4. The factory ___________ his father works is large.
5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work on the farm.
6. This is the house _________________ we lived last year.
that/which
when/on which
that/which
where
when/at which
where/in which
归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.
Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
^
^
__
(去掉)
which
____
to
the one
定义及其作用：定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目，它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。
先行词的作用:被定语从句所修饰的名词或 代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。
理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它的作用相当于一个形容词。定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中只作状语。 1、先行词 注意被定语从句所修饰的先行词的特点，即是人还是物，以及将要在定语从句中所充当的成分。
如：The student who answered the question was my friend. (先行词是student在定语从句中充当主语) The girl you met just now is my sister. (先行词是girl在定语从句中作宾语) 2.关系代词、关系副词
引导定语从句的关系代词、关系副词,代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分。在定语从句中能作主语的关系代词有who, that, which其中who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可指人也可指物。
定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人 who，whom，that
指代事物 which，that
所属关系 whose，of which
指地点 where
指时间 when
指原因 why
关系代词只用that不用which的情况：
（1）先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
This is the best film that has ever been made. （2）先行词前有only, few, little, right, any, all, one等修饰时。 The only furniture (that) he had in the room was a chair and a small desk.
There is little time that we can use. (3) 先行词是不定代词some, all, anything, little, much, something, everything, nothing, none等时。
That is all (that) I want to say.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you
(4) 先行词为人和物的名词词组。 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school. (5) 主句前who, whom有时。 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there
(6) 在there be 或there live结构中先行词指物。 There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.
(7)先行词指物在主句中作表语。
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library
(8)在 way(指方法)后面常用that代替how或 in which结构。
That was the way (that) he did it.
(9) time(表示次数)前有序数词修饰。
That was the last time that I met her.
(10)习惯用法中that 可以用作关系副词代替(in, on, for) which及 when where, why, 而且that可省略。 The way that (in which) you look at problem is wrong.
I never forget the day (when, that, on which) I went to school 20years ago.
Do you know anywhere (that, where) I can get a drink
I ‘d like to know the reason (that, why, for which) you won’t come. (11)当先行词前有the same修饰时或当先行词和关系代词指同一人或物时。 This is the same man that /who I told you about.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
只能使用which的情况。
1、非限制性定语从句中。
eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
2、在介词之后。
eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.
3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
只用who的情况。
(1)先行词为those指人 Those who want to go there raise your hands.
(2)there be (live)结构中先行词指人 There is a young man outside who asks for you. There lived a king who was kind to his people.
(3)先行词为指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, any body, none等 Anyone who broke the window would be punished. We should learn from the one who benefits us.
修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。
当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is standing over there
在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。
I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.
There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.
关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。
She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.
Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black.
关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。
关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。
As we all know, he is a famous scientist.
He is a diligent boy, as is expected.
She has the same book as you have.
关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词which则不可以。请比较：
As everyone knows, it is necessary to build a hospital in this small town.
It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town, which is clear to us.
Our department will hold the meeting,as is known by us.
关系副词when, where, why的用法
以及与关系代词的区分。
1、关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。
I won’t forget the time when I got married.
Have you still remember the days when we stayed together
This is the place where we had a good time.
Is this the house where Mr. Smith lives
I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us.
Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom
2、关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：
This is the park that we visited last year.
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
She won’t forget the days that she spent on the island.
She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
That’s the date when we went to the college.
That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.
I like the time when we lived together.
I like the time that we had together.
3、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。
如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why = for + which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today.
4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.
1. Is this the room ____ you cleaned last time
2. Is this the room ______ we lived before
3. This is the garden ______ they stayed for a night.
4. This is the garden _______ they visited last time.
5. Tom has forgotten the day ______ he left his home.
6. Tom has forgotten the day ______ I told him last day.
7. She still remembers the year ____ she found her first job.
8. She still remembers the year _____ she spent in Jining.
that
where
where
that
when
that
when
that
“介词+关系代词”如何判断介词
The girl _____ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend .
1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
for
on
2、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配
The rate ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.
This is our classroom ,_______________ which there is a teacher’s desk.
at
in the front of
3、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.
Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, ______ all of which activities dolphins are expert.
with
in
4、名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom
The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _______ are women.
The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s.
There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished ,and the other of _______ is not quite.
I have a sentence , the meaning of _______ I don’t understand.
whom
which
which
which
which
关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
关系代词前的介词的确定
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
Can you work them out
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:
1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.
2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.
3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet
for
about
on
without
Where 引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句，在从句中做状语。
This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.
The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.
I’ll show you the paint where you failed.
When 引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.
This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .
We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be busy.
why引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示原因的名词，用why引导定语从句。Why在从句中作状语。
This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.
但是也要注意：不是每句都能这样。
The reason __________ she gave was not true.
which\that
whose 引导的定语从句。
表示所属关系。
The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows into the sea.
whose
There are 20 students in this class, ______ are different.
A.whose backgrounds
B.the backgrounds of whom
C.of whom the backgrounds
D.the backgrounds of whose
注意 1
若定语从句缺主语或谓语，用which或that引导定语从句。
The library ________ students often study was on fire last night.
The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.
The library ________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
where
which
which
区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句
Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.
注意 2
注意：
若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park.
I’ll never forget the time _________ I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time __________ was spent with you.
when
which\that
which\that
as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常有such 和 the same 修饰，as 在从句中不省略。
as也常修饰整个句子，可放在句末，甚至句中或句首。
He has bought the same type of bike as I have .
As we know, China is a developing country.
He, as we expected, came to the party on time.
定语从句
whose和of whom，of which引导的定语从句
whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于my，his，her，its，their等修饰人或物。
of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词。
of whom可以代替 whose指人，词序是名词＋of whom。
He lives in a poor house，whose windows are broken.
＝He lives in a poor house，the windows of which are broken.他住在一个破房子里，窗子已破了。
Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which (＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定
1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
在会议中我与他谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。
【温馨提示】
但是在下面一句中for不可以提前，因为look for 是动词词组。
This is the person (who /whom /that ) you are looking for.
这就是你找的那个人。
2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。
He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
先行词为point，case，situation等词时所构成的定语从句
point，situation，case等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. (where作状语) (2009年高考福建卷)
把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。
Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear. (which/that作宾语)
现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚。
as与which在引导定语从句时的区别
1．as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。
He married her，as (which) was natural.
Whenever I met her，which was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009年高考山东卷)
不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。
2．但在下列情况下一般只能用as。
(1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which则不能。
As we know，more than 70% of the earth is covered with water.
(2)as表示“正如，正像”，而which无此意。
此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等单词或短语。
He came back home late，as we expected.
(3)当先行词被the same，such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)
This is such an easy question as I can answer.
这是一个我能回答的简单问题。(定语从句)
This is such an easy question that I can answer it.
这是个简单的问题，我能回答。 (状语从句)
(4)但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。
the same...as(指同样或同类的)，the same... that (指同一个)
This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。
This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块表。
注意 the same … as / such … as 的使用问题
当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：
I have the same opinion as / that you have.
这里要注意的是：
(1) 使用 as 时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用 that 时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：
Women received the same pay as men.
Women received the same pay that men received.
(2) 在 “the same…that” 结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的 same 也可以省去。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.
= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.
= This is the instrument I used yesterday.
但在 “the same…as” 结构中，same 和 as 都不能省略。
(3)当 “the same…that” 结构中的 that 作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与 as 互换。如：
He lives in the same building that I live.
= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.
Shall we meet at the same place that we last met
= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at
(4) 当先行词前有 such, so, as 时，关系词应当用as。如：
A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.
He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.
At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.
It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.
Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.
另需注意：
This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）
This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）
定语从句有关问题：
1、在定语从句中作方式状语的关系副词常被省略。如: This is the way (how) he worked out the problem. 2、介词如果在定语从句的句首时,作宾语的关系代词只能用whom, which且不可省略。如: The man with whom you shook hands just now is the head of our department. =The man whom you shook hands with just now is the head of our department. 3、非限制性定语从句和先行词关系不紧密用逗号和主句分开,另译作一句,作为一种补充说明即使去掉从句，主句的意思仍然清楚。而限制性定语从句和先行词关系紧密从句，不能去掉,如果去掉意思就不清楚且主句和从句之间无逗号，一般译在先行词前面。
4、除that不可以引导非限制性定语从句外其他关系代词和关系副词均可引导非限制性定语从句。
5、which在所引导的非限制性定语从句，有时可以修饰整个主句即代替主句的意义。
The examination has been put off，which is what we want.
Mary was late again ,which made her teacher angry.
6、选用关系副词不能光看先行词是否是表示时间，地点和原因的名词，而必须分析从句谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则他仍须用关系代词which或that。
如： We will never forget the day, which we spent together. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful. That is the reason, which he gave us for his action. 7、as 引导限制性定语从句时,先行词常用such和same修饰,as在从句中不省略。如:
He used such expressions as he could find n the tests. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented. as 引导非限制性定语从句时,as代表整个主句的意义,定语从句在主句中的位置比较灵活。
如：He is a teacher，as is clear from his manner. Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is a part of China.
8、定语从句修饰of前面的词还是of后面的词, 要看of前面的词是否有定冠词修饰。
如:Tom is one of the boys who were late this morning. (汤姆是所有早上迟到的男孩中的一员) Tom is the only one of the boys who was late this morning. ( 汤姆是所有男孩中早上迟到的唯一个)
9、在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有who, whom, which, that其中who, whom用于指人which用于指物that既可指人也可指物。
如:The suit which/that the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me. The man whom/that I beat in the tennis game was my father.
10、在定语从句中能作定语的关系代词有whose或the +名词+ of + which。 如: He lives in the room whose door is green.
=He lives in the room the door of which is green. The girl whose father is a teacher studies very well.
=The girl the father of whom is a teacher studies very well.
11、非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
问题1：
There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. （04湖北）
A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了。
D
巩固练习：
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,
80% are sold abroad. （04辽宁）
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
2. I have many friends, some are businessmen.
（05全国卷1）
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
A
D
题2也可以改为：some of whom are businessmen. 如果在之
前加上连词 and，就只能用 some of them，而且不能倒装。
用介词＋关系代词填空
1 The boy was staying in the room ______________
window he could climb down.
2. He’s the man ____________ I learnt the news.
3. Who’s the comrade ____________ you just shook
hands.
4. There are 52 students in our class, ___________
nearly 40 are League members.
5. I know a lady the husband ____________ is a
Nobel Prize winner.
6. Do you know the driver who caused the traffic
accident ____________ a man was killed.
7. This is the way __________ she studies English.
through whose
from whom
with whom
of whom
of whom
in which
in which
Exercises
8. The 5 yuan_____________ he bought the book was
given by his friend.
9. The story about Shakespeare, _________ this is
one example , is well written.
10. The old man always wears his glasses _________
_________ he can’t see anything.
11.The key_________ she was opening the door broke.
12. The library ___________ we often go on Sundays
is not far from our school.
13. No one know the reason _____________ she is
leaving so early.
14. At last they came to a river _____________ a new
bridge is being built.
for which
of which
without
which
with which
to which
for which
over which
Complete the following sentences:
1. Is this the school _____________ you visited
last year
Is this school ______ _____ you visited last year
2. He is one of the students who _____ good at maths.
He is the only one of the students who _____ good
at maths.
3. The girl _____ I think was honest lied to me.
The girl ______ I think to be honest lied to me.
4. China is no longer _______ she was 10 years ago.
China is no longer the country ______ she was 10
years ago.
(that/which)
the one
are
is
who
whom
what
that
5. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from
______ ______ you bought last month.
The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from
______ you bought last month.
6. Do you still remember the hotel ____ ______ we
lived last summer holiday
Do you still remember the park ___________we
visited last summer holiday
7. This is the room ____________ my grandmother
used to lived in.
This is the room ______ ______ my grandmother
used to lived .
the one
what
in which
(that/which)
(which/that)
in which
8. He has two sons, and both of _______ work as actors.
He has two sons, both of _______ work as actors.
9.China has hundreds of islands, ____ _____ Taiwan
is the largest.
China has hundreds of islands, the largest_____
_______ is Taiwan.
10.This is the house _____ _____ the window was
broken yesterday.
This is the house _______ window was broken
yesterday.
11.He is the teacher _____ ______ help we have
made great progress.
them
whom
of which
of
which
of which
whose
with whose
2013高考英语语法复习之
定语从句
来安县半塔中学
梅崇兵
定语从句考查的重点是关系副词与关系代词的区分及“介词＋关关系代词”型的定语从句，其中对as，which，whose用法的考查也比较多。考查方式由知识结构的单一性向综合性、交叉性转变；由重点考查关系代词向 “介词＋关系代词”以及关系副词转变。学习时尤其要注意以下两种定语从句：
1. 使用where而非“地点”型定语从句。定语从句的先行词是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名词而且从句缺少状语时，要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。
2. “分裂”型定语从句。即运用插入语、介词、副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词，以达到增加试题难度的效果。
2013年对定语从句考查将会继续遵循上述考点。
专题导读
定语从句是重要的英语语法知识点之一，是高考必考的知识点，通常以单项填空题的形式出现。涉及的知识点包括限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句、介词＋关系代词型定语从句和含插入语式的定语从句。形式多样，结构复杂，极易给考生带来麻烦。题目的设置主要考查的是定语从句的一些最基本的用法。最近几年，题目的设置注重了定语从句与其他从句的混合考查，这一点值得考生高度重视。
技巧点拨：
首先要判断是什么类型的定语从句，如果是非限定性定语从句不能用that，其次判断先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作主语、宾语、表语则用关系代词；如果先行词在定语从句中作状语，则用where ，when, why等关系副词。
对which 引导的非限定性定语从句的考查将会是各类命题考查的重点，并且结构的多样化和利用插入语增加句子的难度应该引起我们的注意；另外which可以指句子也可以指前面的指物的某一名词。
专题导读
【解析】 C 考查定语从句关系代词的用法。本空格在定语从句中作story的定语，因此用 whose。
1. ［2011·课标全国卷］ The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
真题典例
2. ［2011·全国卷］ Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T shirt, ________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A．this B．that C．what D．which
【解析】 D 句意：这个周末，泰德仅穿着运动短裤和T 恤，在这样的天气这真是一件愚蠢的事情。考查非限制性定语从句。which指代前面整句话的内容，而非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。this不能作引导词。what 不能引导定语从句。
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3. ［2011·北京卷］ Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ________， of course, made all the others upset.
A．who B．which C．what D．that
【解析】 B 句意：玛丽对杰克比她对其他人更好，这当然让其他人都不舒服。考查关系代词辨析。关系代词which指代前面一句话，引导非限制性定语从句，故选择B项。
4. ［2011·上海卷］ You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A．which B．where C．when D．as
【解析】 A 句意：你会发现出租车等候在公交车站，你可以搭乘出租车到达你寄宿的家庭。考查关系词辨析。分析定语从句先行词在从句中作宾语，故只能选择关系代词which，B、C、D三个选项均为副词，不能作宾语。故答案为A。
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5. ［2011·山东卷］ The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________are built close to each other.
A．they B．where C．what D．that
【解析】 D 句意：这座老镇拥有狭窄的街道和坐落在一起的矮小的房子。考查定语从句引导词的用法。分析句子结构可知，空格处及后面部分为定语从句，先行词为small houses, that代替先行词引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语。they, what不能引导定语从句。where引导定语从句时在句中作地点状语。故选D。
6. ［2011·江西卷］ She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ________had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which C．of which D．to which
【解析】 C 句意：她带领游客参观了博物馆，这座博物馆的建造工程花费了三年多的时间。考查“介词＋关系代词which”结构。先行词为museum，关系代词which在从句中充当后置定语，修饰the construction，用of which 作后置定语。
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【解析】 C 句意：一切剩下的东西可以放进冰箱，在那里可以保持两三个星期。考查非限制性定语从句。where代替in the refrigerator在从句中作地点状语。
7. ［2011·安徽卷 ］ Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A．when B．which C．where D．while
【解析】 C 句意：银行是晴天时借给你雨伞，下雨时收回雨伞的地方。考查定语从句的引导词。由于从句结构完整，不缺少句子成分，所以先行词为the place在从句中要充当地点状语，故使用关系副词where引导定语从句。
8. ［2011·浙江卷］ A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A．when B．that C．where D．there
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【解析】 A 句意：她有为学生创造允许他们自由交流气氛的天赋。考查定语从句的关系词。“…allows them to communicate freely with each other”是定语从句，修饰an atmosphere，先行词为atmosphere，用关系代词which，在定语从句中作动词allow的主语，故选A。
9. ［2011·福建卷］ She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where C．what D．who
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10.［2011·湖南卷］ Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ________ she spoke fluently.
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
【解析】 C 本题考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“all of ________”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰指代物的“German, French and Russian”，故排除A、B两项，又根据that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。
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11.［2011·陕西卷］ I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A．which B．where C．who D．that
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the top of the hill，在此处指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，选B。其余选项与题意不符。
12.［2011·四川卷］ The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A． which B．whose C．when D．where
【解析】 B 本题考查定语从句。此处是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店——其顾客大多是学生——因此放假就关门了。”
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13.［2011·天津卷］ The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A．when B．that C．where D．which
【解析】 A 考查定语从句的关系词。解题时要注意，关系词和先行词被are gone隔离。引导一个定语从句，代替表示时间的先行词the days，在从句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词when。句意为：全靠体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。
14.［2011·浙江卷］ English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________uses it somewhat differently.
A．which B．what C．them D．those
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，在从句中作of的宾语，所以应用关系代词which。
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1.More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area，________ there used to be very few.
A．when B．where C．what D．which
【解析】 1. B 句意：在附近的森林中发现了更多的野生老虎，而在过去，这一地区老虎数量非常少。考查关系副词用法。先行词是the forest，代入定语从句后为：There used to be very few （wild tigers） in the forest.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作状语，且表地点，故用关系副词where。
Exercises
2.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.
A．where B．when C．that D．why
【解析】 C 句意：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的课程不足以应对工作中的所有情况。考查关系代词用法。先行词是the situations，代入定语从句后为：The situations appear in the working world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，故用that/which，且不可省略。
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3.Mount Wu yi is such an attractive place of interest ________ everyone likes to visit.
A．that B．as C．which D．what
【解析】 B 句意：武夷山是一个大家都喜欢去的旅游胜地。such…as…意思是“像……一样的”，as既是定语从句的引导词又在从句中作宾语。
4. Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons ________they were fond of________ influenced their whole lives.
A．which；that B．that；which
C．which；which D．that；that
【解析】 D 第一空格的that是定语从句的引导词，当定语从句中人和物共同作先行词时，引导词只能用that而不能用which；第二空格的that是用来构成强调句型的。
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5.This is the small house less than 15 square meters，under________ roof lives a large family of three generations.
A．which B．that C．its D．whose
【解析】 D 句意：这是那所不到15平米的房子，在这所房子里住着一个三代人的大家庭。whose引导定语从句修饰the small house, whose roof＝the roof of which。
6.The media today can draw public attention to situations ________ help is actually needed.
A．why B．while C．where D．whose
【解析】 C where＝in which，引导定语从句修饰situations。
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7.Is there a magic cutoff period ________children become responsible for their own actions
A．that B．on which
C．which D．when
【解析】 D in/during this period在这期间；先行词为period，when引导定语从句，这里相当于 during which/in which。
8.The famous scientist, ________a dinner party will be held tonight, is to arrive soon.
A．in honour of him B．in his honour
C．in whose honour D．in which honour
【解析】 C 句意：那位著名的科学家很快就要到了，为了表示对他的敬意今晚要举行一个宴会。 in one’s honour“为了纪念……，为了向……表示敬意”，whose引导定语从句修饰scientist。
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9.Mrs.Black took the police back to________ place ________ she witnessed the robbery.
A．the same；as B．the same；where
C．the same；that D．the same；when
【解析】 B 句意：布莱克夫人把警察带回到她目击了抢劫案的那个地方。the same place后的从句为定语从句，表地点时用where来引导，且在句中作状语，as和that均为关系代词，不能作本句中的状语。
10.________is known to us all that the old scientist, for________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties.
A．It；whom B．As；whom
C．As；whose D．What；whom
【解析】 A 句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家八十多岁的时候还在工作，对他来说过去的生活是艰辛的。it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；第二空格的whom引导定语从句修饰the old scientist。
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11. The small town is just the one you know ____ I used to work when I was young.
A．that B．which C．what D．Where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，先行词the one在从句中作地点状语，因此该空应填where引导的定语从句。做题时应注意先行词与定语从句之间出现的插入语you know。
12. The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son，________， I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling（溺爱）.
A．that B．which C．what D．Who
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。I have to admit作插入语， which在此引导非限制性定语从句， 充当从句的主语， 代指前面句子的内容。由此可以排除其他选项。
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13.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen ________ we have to hire graduating college students for help.
A．that B．when C．where D．As
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。把从句补充完整：We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation，可以看出，先行词为the situation在从句中作状语，故用关系副词where，因此答案为C。
14.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order ________ you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.
A．of which B．in which C．through which D．at which
【解析】 B 考查定语从句。此题从搭配入手，in…order意为“按照……顺序”，此题即可迎刃而解。
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15.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.
—Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.
A．which B．whose C．where D．whom
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。语意表示“你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况”。where you were taken for your sister是定语从句，修饰先行词the ease，表示的是抽象地点，where可用in which替换。
16.—What does the notice say —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.
A．what B．as C．who D．which
【解析】 C 考查定语从句。根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。
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17. We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.
A．next to it was a thick wood
B．next to which was a thick wood
C．next to it there was a thick wood
D．next to which a thick wood was
【解析】 B 考查定语从句和倒装。句意：我们居住在一个安静的旅馆，旅馆附近是一片茂密的树林。后半句是定语从句，句中的which代指hotel，从句用倒装。
18.The beautiful village，________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.
A．what B．that C．which D．where
【解析】 D 考查定语从句。先行词the beautiful village表地点，定语从句we spent our holiday last month中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。
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19.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the government, will succeed.
A．which B．that C．what D．as
【解析】 A 考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 the measures, which 在从句中作主语。
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定语从句
在主句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。
1. The students (who don’t study hard) will not pass the exam.
先行词 定语从句
主句:
The students will not pass the exam.
2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our English teacher.
先行词 定语从句
主句:
The woman is our English teacher.
引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which, who, whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.
归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。
which,指物，作主语或宾语。
who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。
that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。
1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly.
2) The car _______________________ my uncle
bought last week was stolen.
3) The students ________________ don’t study hard
will not pass the exam.
4) The woman ___________________ you saw in
the park is our English teacher.
5) He talked happily about the men and books____
__________ interested him greatly in the school.
which/that
which/that
who/that
whom/that
that
Fill in the blanks.
1. I still remember the day ___________ we spent in the forest.
2. I still remember the day ______________ I first came to Beijing.
3. The factory _________ we will visit is large.
4. The factory ___________ his father works is large.
5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work on the farm.
6. This is the house _________________ we lived last year.
that/which
when/on which
that/which
where
when/at which
where/in which
归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.
Correct the sentences:
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
^
^
__
(去掉)
which
____
to
the one
定义及其作用：定语从句是中学阶段英语语法中十分重要的一个语法项目，它在句子中出现的频率很高。对正确理解句子的意义起着举足轻重的作用。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。
先行词的作用:被定语从句所修饰的名词或 代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词有两个作用：
1、引导定语从句
2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。
理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它的作用相当于一个形容词。定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中只作状语。 1、先行词 注意被定语从句所修饰的先行词的特点，即是人还是物，以及将要在定语从句中所充当的成分。
如：The student who answered the question was my friend. (先行词是student在定语从句中充当主语) The girl you met just now is my sister. (先行词是girl在定语从句中作宾语) 2.关系代词、关系副词
引导定语从句的关系代词、关系副词,代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分。在定语从句中能作主语的关系代词有who, that, which其中who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可指人也可指物。
定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人 who，whom，that
指代事物 which，that
所属关系 whose，of which
指地点 where
指时间 when
指原因 why
关系代词只用that不用which的情况：
（1）先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
This is the best film that has ever been made. （2）先行词前有only, few, little, right, any, all, one等修饰时。 The only furniture (that) he had in the room was a chair and a small desk.
There is little time that we can use. (3) 先行词是不定代词some, all, anything, little, much, something, everything, nothing, none等时。
That is all (that) I want to say.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you
(4) 先行词为人和物的名词词组。 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school. (5) 主句前who, whom有时。 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there
(6) 在there be 或there live结构中先行词指物。 There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.
(7)先行词指物在主句中作表语。
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library
(8)在 way(指方法)后面常用that代替how或 in which结构。
That was the way (that) he did it.
(9) time(表示次数)前有序数词修饰。
That was the last time that I met her.
(10)习惯用法中that 可以用作关系副词代替(in, on, for) which及 when where, why, 而且that可省略。 The way that (in which) you look at problem is wrong.
I never forget the day (when, that, on which) I went to school 20years ago.
Do you know anywhere (that, where) I can get a drink
I ‘d like to know the reason (that, why, for which) you won’t come. (11)当先行词前有the same修饰时或当先行词和关系代词指同一人或物时。 This is the same man that /who I told you about.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
只能使用which的情况。
1、非限制性定语从句中。
eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.
2、在介词之后。
eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.
3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
只用who的情况。
(1)先行词为those指人 Those who want to go there raise your hands.
(2)there be (live)结构中先行词指人 There is a young man outside who asks for you. There lived a king who was kind to his people.
(3)先行词为指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, any body, none等 Anyone who broke the window would be punished. We should learn from the one who benefits us.
修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。
当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is standing over there
在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who 或者whom。
I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.
There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.
关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。
She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.
Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black.
关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。
关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。
As we all know, he is a famous scientist.
He is a diligent boy, as is expected.
She has the same book as you have.
关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词which则不可以。请比较：
As everyone knows, it is necessary to build a hospital in this small town.
It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town, which is clear to us.
Our department will hold the meeting,as is known by us.
关系副词when, where, why的用法
以及与关系代词的区分。
1、关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。
I won’t forget the time when I got married.
Have you still remember the days when we stayed together
This is the place where we had a good time.
Is this the house where Mr. Smith lives
I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us.
Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom
2、关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：
This is the park that we visited last year.
This is the park where we held a birthday party.
She won’t forget the days that she spent on the island.
She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
That’s the date when we went to the college.
That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.
I like the time when we lived together.
I like the time that we had together.
3、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。
如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why = for + which
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.
2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.
3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today.
4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.
1. Is this the room ____ you cleaned last time
2. Is this the room ______ we lived before
3. This is the garden ______ they stayed for a night.
4. This is the garden _______ they visited last time.
5. Tom has forgotten the day ______ he left his home.
6. Tom has forgotten the day ______ I told him last day.
7. She still remembers the year ____ she found her first job.
8. She still remembers the year _____ she spent in Jining.
that
where
where
that
when
that
when
that
“介词+关系代词”如何判断介词
The girl _____ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend .
1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
for
on
2、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配
The rate ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.
This is our classroom ,_______________ which there is a teacher’s desk.
at
in the front of
3、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.
Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, ______ all of which activities dolphins are expert.
with
in
4、名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom
The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _______ are women.
The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s.
There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished ,and the other of _______ is not quite.
I have a sentence , the meaning of _______ I don’t understand.
whom
which
which
which
which
关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.
关系代词前的介词的确定
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
Can you work them out
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:
1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.
2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.
3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet
for
about
on
without
Where 引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句，在从句中做状语。
This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.
The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.
I’ll show you the paint where you failed.
When 引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，在从句中作状语。
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.
This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .
We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be busy.
why引导的定语从句。
先行词是表示原因的名词，用why引导定语从句。Why在从句中作状语。
This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.
但是也要注意：不是每句都能这样。
The reason __________ she gave was not true.
which\that
whose 引导的定语从句。
表示所属关系。
The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows into the sea.
whose
There are 20 students in this class, ______ are different.
A.whose backgrounds
B.the backgrounds of whom
C.of whom the backgrounds
D.the backgrounds of whose
注意 1
若定语从句缺主语或谓语，用which或that引导定语从句。
The library ________ students often study was on fire last night.
The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.
The library ________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.
where
which
which
区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句
Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.
注意 2
注意：
若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park.
I’ll never forget the time _________ I spent on campus.
I’ll never forget the time __________ was spent with you.
when
which\that
which\that
as 引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常有such 和 the same 修饰，as 在从句中不省略。
as也常修饰整个句子，可放在句末，甚至句中或句首。
He has bought the same type of bike as I have .
As we know, China is a developing country.
He, as we expected, came to the party on time.
定语从句
whose和of whom，of which引导的定语从句
whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于my，his，her，its，their等修饰人或物。
of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词。
of whom可以代替 whose指人，词序是名词＋of whom。
He lives in a poor house，whose windows are broken.
＝He lives in a poor house，the windows of which are broken.他住在一个破房子里，窗子已破了。
Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which (＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定
1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
在会议中我与他谈话的那个人是从北京大学来的。
【温馨提示】
但是在下面一句中for不可以提前，因为look for 是动词词组。
This is the person (who /whom /that ) you are looking for.
这就是你找的那个人。
2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。
He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
先行词为point，case，situation等词时所构成的定语从句
point，situation，case等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. (where作状语) (2009年高考福建卷)
把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。
Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear. (which/that作宾语)
现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚。
as与which在引导定语从句时的区别
1．as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。
He married her，as (which) was natural.
Whenever I met her，which was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009年高考山东卷)
不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。
2．但在下列情况下一般只能用as。
(1)as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而which则不能。
As we know，more than 70% of the earth is covered with water.
(2)as表示“正如，正像”，而which无此意。
此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等单词或短语。
He came back home late，as we expected.
(3)当先行词被the same，such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)
This is such an easy question as I can answer.
这是一个我能回答的简单问题。(定语从句)
This is such an easy question that I can answer it.
这是个简单的问题，我能回答。 (状语从句)
(4)但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。
the same...as(指同样或同类的)，the same... that (指同一个)
This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一样。
This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块表。
注意 the same … as / such … as 的使用问题
当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：
I have the same opinion as / that you have.
这里要注意的是：
(1) 使用 as 时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用 that 时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：
Women received the same pay as men.
Women received the same pay that men received.
(2) 在 “the same…that” 结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的 same 也可以省去。如：
This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.
= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.
= This is the instrument I used yesterday.
但在 “the same…as” 结构中，same 和 as 都不能省略。
(3)当 “the same…that” 结构中的 that 作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与 as 互换。如：
He lives in the same building that I live.
= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.
Shall we meet at the same place that we last met
= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at
(4) 当先行词前有 such, so, as 时，关系词应当用as。如：
A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn’t understand.
He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.
At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.
It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.
Let’s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.
另需注意：
This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）
This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）
定语从句有关问题：
1、在定语从句中作方式状语的关系副词常被省略。如: This is the way (how) he worked out the problem. 2、介词如果在定语从句的句首时,作宾语的关系代词只能用whom, which且不可省略。如: The man with whom you shook hands just now is the head of our department. =The man whom you shook hands with just now is the head of our department. 3、非限制性定语从句和先行词关系不紧密用逗号和主句分开,另译作一句,作为一种补充说明即使去掉从句，主句的意思仍然清楚。而限制性定语从句和先行词关系紧密从句，不能去掉,如果去掉意思就不清楚且主句和从句之间无逗号，一般译在先行词前面。
4、除that不可以引导非限制性定语从句外其他关系代词和关系副词均可引导非限制性定语从句。
5、which在所引导的非限制性定语从句，有时可以修饰整个主句即代替主句的意义。
The examination has been put off，which is what we want.
Mary was late again ,which made her teacher angry.
6、选用关系副词不能光看先行词是否是表示时间，地点和原因的名词，而必须分析从句谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则他仍须用关系代词which或that。
如： We will never forget the day, which we spent together. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful. That is the reason, which he gave us for his action. 7、as 引导限制性定语从句时,先行词常用such和same修饰,as在从句中不省略。如:
He used such expressions as he could find n the tests. They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented. as 引导非限制性定语从句时,as代表整个主句的意义,定语从句在主句中的位置比较灵活。
如：He is a teacher，as is clear from his manner. Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is a part of China.
8、定语从句修饰of前面的词还是of后面的词, 要看of前面的词是否有定冠词修饰。
如:Tom is one of the boys who were late this morning. (汤姆是所有早上迟到的男孩中的一员) Tom is the only one of the boys who was late this morning. ( 汤姆是所有男孩中早上迟到的唯一个)
9、在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有who, whom, which, that其中who, whom用于指人which用于指物that既可指人也可指物。
如:The suit which/that the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me. The man whom/that I beat in the tennis game was my father.
10、在定语从句中能作定语的关系代词有whose或the +名词+ of + which。 如: He lives in the room whose door is green.
=He lives in the room the door of which is green. The girl whose father is a teacher studies very well.
=The girl the father of whom is a teacher studies very well.
11、非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
问题1：
There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. （04湖北）
A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了。
D
巩固练习：
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,
80% are sold abroad. （04辽宁）
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
2. I have many friends, some are businessmen.
（05全国卷1）
A．of them B．from which C．who of D．of whom
A
D
题2也可以改为：some of whom are businessmen. 如果在之
前加上连词 and，就只能用 some of them，而且不能倒装。
用介词＋关系代词填空
1 The boy was staying in the room ______________
window he could climb down.
2. He’s the man ____________ I learnt the news.
3. Who’s the comrade ____________ you just shook
hands.
4. There are 52 students in our class, ___________
nearly 40 are League members.
5. I know a lady the husband ____________ is a
Nobel Prize winner.
6. Do you know the driver who caused the traffic
accident ____________ a man was killed.
7. This is the way __________ she studies English.
through whose
from whom
with whom
of whom
of whom
in which
in which
Exercises
8. The 5 yuan_____________ he bought the book was
given by his friend.
9. The story about Shakespeare, _________ this is
one example , is well written.
10. The old man always wears his glasses _________
_________ he can’t see anything.
11.The key_________ she was opening the door broke.
12. The library ___________ we often go on Sundays
is not far from our school.
13. No one know the reason _____________ she is
leaving so early.
14. At last they came to a river _____________ a new
bridge is being built.
for which
of which
without
which
with which
to which
for which
over which
Complete the following sentences:
1. Is this the school _____________ you visited
last year
Is this school ______ _____ you visited last year
2. He is one of the students who _____ good at maths.
He is the only one of the students who _____ good
at maths.
3. The girl _____ I think was honest lied to me.
The girl ______ I think to be honest lied to me.
4. China is no longer _______ she was 10 years ago.
China is no longer the country ______ she was 10
years ago.
(that/which)
the one
are
is
who
whom
what
that
5. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from
______ ______ you bought last month.
The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from
______ you bought last month.
6. Do you still remember the hotel ____ ______ we
lived last summer holiday
Do you still remember the park ___________we
visited last summer holiday
7. This is the room ____________ my grandmother
used to lived in.
This is the room ______ ______ my grandmother
used to lived .
the one
what
in which
(that/which)
(which/that)
in which
8. He has two sons, and both of _______ work as actors.
He has two sons, both of _______ work as actors.
9.China has hundreds of islands, ____ _____ Taiwan
is the largest.
China has hundreds of islands, the largest_____
_______ is Taiwan.
10.This is the house _____ _____ the window was
broken yesterday.
This is the house _______ window was broken
yesterday.
11.He is the teacher _____ ______ help we have
made great progress.
them
whom
of which
of
which
of which
whose
with whose