2013年高考语法复习——形容词与副词
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(共93张PPT)
2013年高考语法复习系列
形容词和副词
来安县半塔中学 梅 崇 兵
专题导读
分析2011、2012两年的高考试题，我们发现，对形容词与副词的考查有逐年上升的趋势。对形容词的考查主要有以下几方面：
1．词义辨析
在考查形容词的试题中，我们发现词义辨析题占了多数。这些选项的形容词意义区别比较大，不是过去那种汉语意义相近的形容词之间的辨析。
2．形容词的比较级与最高级
依据情景考查形容词的各等级的用法是近几年高考试题的热点。
3．形容词短语的搭配
2011、2012两年对“倍数”表达法的考查比较多，往往考查在倍数表达中形容词的位置。
对副词的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：
1．在句子中能起到承上启下作用的副词，这是近几年高考出题最多的。
2．依据情景辨析副词意义
出题人将空格留在句子中间，要求考生将能使句子意义通顺的副词填上。这些副词之间的意义区别比较大。
3．搭配
包括副词与动词的搭配、副词与副词的搭配及副词与形容词的搭配等。有的副词与动词构成动词短语，出题人将动词后的副词挖出，让考生依据搭配选择副词。
解题小技巧
1．熟记《考试大纲》上所列的形容词与副词的意义。词汇考查其实就是对考生词汇丰富程度的考查。很多单词考生只知其一，不知其二，这是在学习中需要克服的，因此通过复习熟悉词汇的意义是非常重要的。
2．注意积累。针对搭配类试题，平时要注意积累。不仅要记住与副词、形容词、动词常搭配的副词，也要记住与动词搭配的一些副词的用法。倍数的表达法、特殊形容词的位置的表达等也是需要积累的。
形容词和副词是英语中较为复杂的词类， 涉及的面比较广。就其考点而言主要包括：
1. 形容词和副词的词义辨析。
2. 形容词修饰名词时的词序问题。
3. 形容词和副词比较级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。
4. 表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等的副词的用法。
2013年高考对形容词、副词的考查热点仍然集中在对形容词、副词的辨析上， 同时继续加强对形容词、副词比较级的考查。
1. ［2011·湖北卷 Ⅱ］ The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ________ though slow.
A．shaky B．heavy C．casual D．Steady
【解析】 D 句意：那位老工程师的眼睛在他那棕色的布满皱纹的脸上依然闪烁着光芒，他那穿过房间的脚步虽然缓慢但依然很平稳。考查形容词词义的辨析。shaky摇晃的；heavy重的；casual随便的；steady稳定的。根据句意可知应选D项。
真题典例
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2. ［2011·湖北卷］ An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always ________.
A．practical B． avoidable C．permanent D．Beneficial
【解析】 C 句意：不幸的童年或许对一个人的性格产生一些负面的影响，但不会是永久性的。考查形容词词义的辨析。practical实际的；avoidable能避免的；permanent永久的；beneficial有益的。根据句意可知应选C项。
3.［2011·湖北卷］ The state run company is required to make its accounts as ________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A．transparent B．reasonable C．secure D． formal
【解析】 A 句意：国企被要求账目尽可能透明，以供全体员工监督资金的使用。考查形容词词义的辨析。transparent透明的；reasonable合理的；secure安全的；formal正式的。由句意知应选A项。
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4.［2011·江西卷］
—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why It’s ________ than the films I have ever seen.
A．far more interesting B．much less interesting
C．no more interesting D．any less interesting
【解析】 A 句意：“这部电影一点趣也没有。”“为什么？我觉得它比我之前看的任何电影有趣多了。”考查形容词比较级。程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。 根据Why？对上句的反问，可知这部电影比“我”之前看的任何电影都有趣多了。故选A。
5.［2011·江西卷］ The house was too expensive and too big. ________, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
A．Besides B．Therefore C．Somehow D．Otherwise
【解析】 A 句意： 这个房子太贵太大。……，我已经很喜欢我的小的租用房了。考查副词的用法。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。besides 此外，表并列；therefore 因此，表因果；somehow 无论如何，表转折；otherwise 除此之外，表转折。选A。
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6.［2011·江西卷］ She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too ________ about her job.
A．special B．responsible C．unusual D．Particular
【解析】 D 前一句的句意是：她已经尽了最大的努力，可推知后一句应是：请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。考查形容词的辨析。particular挑剔的；special特别的；responsible负责的；unusual不同寻常的。
7.［2010·江苏卷］ In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are ________.
A．special B．regional C．optional D．Original
【解析】 C 句意：在那所学校，对于所有学生而言，英语是一门必修课，但是法语和俄语是选修课。考查形容词词义辨析。special特别的；regional地区的，局部的；optional可任意选择的，任选的；original最初的，本来的，原始的。
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8.［2010·安徽卷］ _________, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A．Hopefully B．Normally C．Thankfully D．Conveniently
【解析】 C 句意：谢天谢地，我终于通过了这场比赛，痛苦最终是值得的。考查副词辨析。hopefully意为“怀有希望的”；normally意为“正常地”；conveniently意为“方便地”。thankfully表示高兴或宽慰，意为“感激地，幸亏”等，符合语境。
9.［2011·全国卷Ⅱ］ It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is________ another to play it well yourself.
A．quite B．very C．rather D．much
【解析】 A 本题考查副词。It is one thing to do…it is another to do…意为“……是一回事，……是另一回事”。句意为：欣赏美妙的音乐是一回事，但是你亲自演奏音乐完全是另一回事。quite完全地，彻底地；very很，极；rather相当地；much非常，更加。
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10.［2011·陕西卷］ The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________ the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
【解析】 B 考查倍数的表达方式。此处用到了as…as…结构，倍数位于前一个as之前，故选B。其余选项与题意不符。
11.［2011·四川卷］ —How was your recent trip to Sichuan —I've never had________ one before.
A．a pleasant B．a more pleasant
C．a most pleasant D．the most pleasant
【解析】 B 考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：“最近去四川的旅行，你感觉怎么样？”“我从未有过比这更愉快的旅行了。”此处否定词never与形容词比较级more pleasant一起连用实际上是表达了一个最高级的意思，言下之意：“这是我所经历过的最愉快的旅行。”
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12.［2011·安徽卷］ To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，________，honest.
A. therefore B. above all C. howeverD. after all
【解析】 B 考查副词（短语）。句意为：成为了不起的人，你必须聪明、自信，最重要的是，要诚实。smart, confident和honest三个并列的形容词作表语，但honest是其中最重要的，故选B。therefore“因此”；above all“最重要的是”；however“然而”；after all“毕竟”。
13.［2011·浙江卷］ I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally B．immediatelyC. occasionallyD．certainly
【解析】 C 考查副词辨析。根据句意“这两个星期以来我不时地写写这个报告，但明天一定要交了”可知，occasionally表示“偶尔地，不时地”，符合此句意。finally表示“最后”；immediately表示“立刻，马上”；certainly表示“当然”。
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14.John is taller than________ in his class.
A．any boys B．any other boy
C．other boys D．any boy
【解析】 B John不包括在其他男孩范围中，故选B。
1.It’s quite ________ that he will be present at the meeting.
A．sure B．certain
C．exactly D．afraid
【解析】 B certain和sure都可作“一定”解，但通常不说it is sure, 而要说I’m sure/certain或It’s certain。
Exercises
2.I can’t make a decision right now. I need________ more time to think it over.
A．fairly B．rather
C．quite D．many
【解析】 2. B A、C修饰原级，D修饰可数名词。
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3. Of the two scientists, who do you think is ________？
A．a successful B．more successful
C．a more successful D．the more successful
【解析】 D 一般说来，形容词比较级作表语时前面不加冠词；但当形容词比较级表示两者之中较为突出者时，前面通常加定冠词表特指。如：Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia
4.—Do you know what Bush House is like
—Yes. It is a （n）________ building and it is the home of BBC English.
A．nice old tall white B．old tall nice white
C．nice tall old white D．white nice old tall
【解析】 C 考查多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序。
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5.The computers in the other shop will be ______， but ________ as those in this shop.
A．cheaper; not as better B．more cheaper; not as better
C．cheaper; not as good D．more cheap; not as good
【解析】 C 两者比较用比较级，同级比较用as…as或not as/so…as。句意：那家店的电脑将比这家店的便宜，但不如这家店的好。
6.—What’s the ________ population of Shanghai
—Over ten million.
A．total B．whole C．complete D．all
【解析】 A total强调“总的数目”；whole强调“一件东西的整体”；complete强调“一件东西或一件事的完整性”；all修饰名词时，应放在所修饰词的最前面。
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7. After the Anti terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ________.
A．safe but tired B．safely but tired
C．safe and tiring D．safely and tiring
【解析】 A 当形容词用作状语时，表示意义上的增补，和句子主语在逻辑上有主谓关系。
8. John is taller than________ in his class.
A．any girl B．any other girl
C．other girls D．any boy
【解析】 A John和girl不属于同一范围。如选D则属同一范围，要加other。
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9.The problem is not ________ so easy as you think. It’s far from being settled.
A．hardly B．almost C．nearly D．scarcely
【解析】 C hardly和scarcely都是“几乎不”的意思，与题干中的not构成双重否定，与句意不符；而not要置于almost之后，意为“几乎不”；nearly用于否定句，not nearly意为“相差很远”。因此只有C项为正确答案。
10. Leave it to me! I feel much more ________ of myself and my abilities these days.
A. confident B．energetic C．generous D．curious
【解析】 A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：交给我吧！这些天我对我自己和我的能力感到有信心多了。confident意为“自信的；确信的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的；积极的”；generous意为“慷慨的；大方的”；curious意为“好奇的”。依据语意可知选A。
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11. This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and water________ from pollution.
A．free B．empty C．loose D．short
【解析】 A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种新的化学物质将有助于使空气、土壤和水免受污染。此处free与from搭配，表示“免于，不受……影响”。
12.—Do you really want to go out
—It may rain. ________，I shall go out；I don't mind the rain.
A．Anyway B．Otherwise C．Somehow D．Therefore
【解析】 A 考查副词的用法。anyway意为“无论如何”；otherwise意为“在其他方面，否则”；somehow意为“以某种方式”；therefore意为“因此”。句意：天可能下雨，不管怎样，我要出去；我不介意下雨。故选A。
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13. She was certainly not afraid of the dark. ____， it was only a 15 minute ride home.
A. However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Otherwise
【解析】 B 考查副词用法。句意：她肯定不怕黑。再说，骑自行车到家只需15分钟。besides意为“况且，再说”。
14. —How is the result, doctor
—Well, your health is ________ good, but you do have a few minor problems.
A．normally B．Frequently C．generally D．regularly
【解析】 C 考查副词辨析。句意为：你的健康状况总体来说是好的，但的确有些小问题。normally意为“正常地”；frequently意为“经常”；regularly意为“有规律地”。
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15. In my opinion, your composition is not as interesting as his, but yours is________ in writing.
A．the best organized B．better organized
C．so organized as D．as organized as
【解析】 B 句意：在我看来，你的作文（在内容上）没有他的有趣，但你的作文在结构上组织得比他的好。根据语意可知，说话人把两个人的作文从内容和结构两方面进行比较，第一分句用的是not as…as结构，相当于less…than，第二分句用的是比较级结构。
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16. You'd better go there by train. The train ticket is________ the plane ticket.
A．as cheap three times as B．as three times cheap as
C．three times cheaper than D．cheaper three times than
【解析】 C 考查倍数与比较级。句意：你最好乘火车去那里。火车票比飞机票便宜3倍。本题考查形容词比较级的常用句型。平级比较句型是：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as…；比较级常用的句型是：倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…。
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17.Their cheerful voice showed they were having a________ discussion.
A．noisy B．serious C．complete D．friendly
【解析】 D cheerful voice表明讨论是“友好的”。
18 . Tea is considered by some Europeans________ popular drink, while coffee comes second.
A．a most B．a more C．the most D．the more
【解析】 C 考查最高级用法。句意：一些欧洲人认为茶是最受欢迎的饮品，而咖啡名列第二。根据comes second可知本句是对饮品的受欢迎程度进行排序，故C为正确答案。
形容词和副词
一、形容词分类及基本用法
形容词就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
基本用法如下表：
分类 功能 例词
定语形容词 作定语、表语和补语等。 hot, cold, etc.
表语形容词 作表语，有的可作后置定语
well, ill, glad, sorry, fond, worth, able, afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, afraid, etc.
二、复合形容词
构成 例词
形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted, white-haired
形容词+形容词 red-hot, dark-blue
形容词+现在分词 good-looking, easy-going
副词+现在分词 hard-working, fast-moving
副词+过去分词 hard-won, newly-built
名词+形容词 life-long, world-famous
名词+现在分词 peace-loving, fun-loving
名词+过去分词 snow-covered, hand-made
数词+名词 ten-year, two-man
数词+名词+ed four-storied, three-legged
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old
形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
高考重点要求：
1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型
2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置
3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序
4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别
形容词在句子中的作用
形容词在句子中的位置
形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。
（1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词， 如：an exciting American film
（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位置在后。
1）修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等，
如：anything important, nothing easy
（2）同表示数量的词组连用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old
3．几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：
a fine round maple（枫木）writing table,
a famous old English country house
1、大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语, 如：
a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园
Who left the window open
How long will the weather stay sunny
The silk clothes feel soft.
How interesting the story sounds!
2、定冠词the + 形容词
定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“……的一种人”，“……的一类东西或事情”。
The new will take the place of the old . （新事物将代替旧事物。）
The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)
The Living and the Dead is a horror film.
3、有些形容词只能作表语 如：
叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错） He is an ill man.
（对） The man is ill.
（错） She is an afraid girl.
（ 对） The girl is afraid.
well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等
4、词加-ed 和 –ing都可构成形容词
加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物， 如：We were excited when we heard the exciting news.
amusing, astonishing, encouraging, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, exciting, interesting, pleasing, shocking, surprising
5、ly等后缀 形容词
friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly (有……品质的 )
(错） She sang lovely （错） He spoke to me very friendl
（对） Her singing was lovely.（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly
有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
6、形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的
㈠加到名词上的主要有：
① -y，：bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy；
③ -ful：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful；
④ -less：careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless；
⑤ -ous /-ious：dangerous; courageous, mysterious；
⑥ -al /-tal /-ial /-tial：accidental, horizontal, influential；
⑦ -ic /-etic /-atic，：artistic, sympathetic, systematic；
⑧ -ish：childish, foolish, selfish；
⑨ -like： life-like, business-like, war-like；
⑩ -ed /-en：skilled, horned, golden, wooden。
㈡加到动词上的有
① -ent/-ant，如：dependent, different, observant, pleasant；
② -able/-ible，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible(明智的;合情理的 )；
③ -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive(敏感的;易受伤害的 )；
④ -ed/-en，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen；
⑤ -ing，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining。
副 词
副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-ly 构成，如：careful-carefully.
副词主要被分为以下几种：
1．时间副词，如：often，early，usually，frequently always constantly now
2．地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there
3．方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well
4．程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost
5．疑问副词，如：how，when，why， where
副词在句子中的位置
时间副词和地点副词的位置
表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。
修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。 如：
be well enough, go fast enough
修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种
修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well
修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard
及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。
He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down.
形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法
1 两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。
2 He is as tall as his monitor .
3 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容词原级+as”句型。
A train doesn’t travel so fast as a plane .
4 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最……”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。
Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents .
She writes (the) most carefully of the three .
5 比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”
It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.
She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.
6 the +比较级，the +比较级“越……越……”
The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .
【考点一】考查多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高, 形状年龄和新老, 颜色国籍和材料, 作用类别往后靠。
说明：
（1）“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。
（2）“描绘”性形容词,如beautiful, bad, cold, great, etc.
（3）“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词；
（4）表示“形状”的词，如round, square, etc.
（5）“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词；“出”指出处。“材料”的词，如wooden, woolen, stone, silk, etc.
（6）“作用类别”的词，如medical, college, writing (desk), police (car), etc.
【考点二】考查形容词作定语的后置规律
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：
（1）形容词短语作定语时要后置。
Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
（2）表语形容词作定语要后置。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive, etc.。
All the people present at the party were his supporters.
（3）形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词，如anything、something等时，通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
【考点三】形容词作伴随状语和原因状语
形容词充当状语多表示主语的状态。
He spent 7 days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.
Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed.
【考点四】考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别
-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested /interesting; excited /exciting; frightened /frightening; surprised /surprising; pleased /pleasing; moved /moving; disappointed /disappointing等。
注意：
即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；
即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。
He told me the news in an excited voice.
The man is interesting.
【考点五】考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称 结构 例句
相
等 as+原级+as Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.
as+原级+a/an+单数名词+as He is as honest a man as you .
as many+名词复数+as；
as much+不可数名词+as I have as many books as you.
倍数+ as+原级+ a This room is three times as large as that one.
不
及 not as/so+原级+as This building looks not so (as) high as that one.
less+原级+than This room is less beautiful than that one.
超
过 比较级+than Health is more important than wealth.
the+比较级+of the two，表示“两者中较……的一个” He is the taller of the two.
否定词+
比较级 no+比较级+than，表示“两者都不” This book is no more interesting than that one.
再……不过（可译为“非常，十分”） His work couldn’t be worse.
程度递增 -er + and + -er，more and more+多音节词原级，表示“越来越……” The weather is getting colder and colder.
两种情况同时变化 the+比较级，the +比较级，表示“越……，越……” The harder he works, the happier he feels.
三者或三者以上比较 the+最高级+of/ in + 比较范围，表示“……之中最……” Of all things in the world, people are the most precious.
【考点六】考查形容词与副词区别
（1）“名词+ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等。
（2）too much和much too的区别
①too much可以充当形容词，含义是“太多的”，后接不可数名词；充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词；充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。
I have too much homework to do.
Watching TV too much is bad for your health.
You gave me too much.
②much too充当副词，意为“太”，在句中修饰形容词或副词。
It’s much too expensive.
【考点七】考查比较等级的修饰语
用于比
较级前 a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice, any（常用于否定句或疑问句中） etc. My desk-mate is even fatter than me.
many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复数”前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
用于最
高级前 the very, much, by far, the first/second, etc. This cake is by far the largest in the world.
【难点一】考查likely, possible与probable的辨析
用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①I am _______ to be late for the film.
②It is _______ for us to finish the work within three hours.
③It is _______ that the headmaster will come to listen to our class.
解析：likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，常用结构有：sb. / sth.+be+likely+to do sth.；It is likely+that-clause；
possible表示客观上的可能性，常构成的结构有：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It is possible+that-clause；
probable表示“可能发生或实现的”，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有： sth. is probable; It is probable + that-clause。综上分析可知，题①填likely；题②填possible；题③填possible或probable。另外，likely还可用作定语形容词，意为“似乎合适的、有希望的”。
She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。
【难点二】考查形容词alive, lively, living和live的辨析
用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①He is telling a very ______ story.
②We found the snake ______.
③The ______ are more important to us than the dead.
④The fish is still _______ .
⑤They are watching a ______ television show now.
解析：lively 有“活泼的，快活的，生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思；alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living置于名词前后均可），也可以作表语；只有alive可作宾语补足语；只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。所以，题①填lively，题②填alive，题③填living，题④alive和living均可，题⑤填live。
【难点三】考查senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用表示比较的概念
用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①Their watch is superior ________ all the other watches on the market.
②He runs a lot faster _______ I.
解析：某些以-ior结尾的形容词不用比较形式却能表达比较概念，其后要接介词to。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。因此，题①填to；题②是比较级，填than。
考查形容词作定语的后置规律
_______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全国) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
All the people ______at the party were his supporters. (2002北京)
A. present B. thankful
C. interested D. important
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：
①形容词短语作定语时；
②表语形容词作定语时；
③修饰复合不定代词时。
考查多个形容词作定语的排序
John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ______car. (2004辽宁) A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white
______ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese
B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong
D. Young strong ten Chinese
多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：
(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)
+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词
The husband gave his wife ______every month in order to please her. (2004重庆) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income
－How was your recent visit to Qingdao
－It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______days at the seaside. (1995全国) A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
注：限定词的排序：
前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等)
+中位限定词 (冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格)
+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)
考查副词在句中的位置规律
If I had ______, I'd visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (1998全国) A. a holiday long enough
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
①频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。②表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后；③同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式＋地点＋时间。
考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别
(12) Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____. (2004重庆) A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
(13)It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader. (2003上海) A. interested; interest
B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting
D. interesting; interest (23)Mr. Smith, ______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. (2003京春) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
其它含比较级的短语和句式
比较级+and+比较级；
no more than和……一样不 仅仅，；
more…than…与其说……倒不如……；
less than少于；
more than多于，不只是，非常；
more or less几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少；
sooner or later(迟早，早晚，总有一天)；what’s more(而且，此外)；
no sooner…than…(一……就……)。如：
体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词
Progress so far has been very good. _______, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. (2006浙江)
A. However B. Otherwise
C. Therefore D. Besides
I’m certain Davel’s told you his business troubles. ______, it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. (2006湖北) A. However B. Anyway
C. Therefore D. Though
The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ______, it caused 20 deaths. (2006江西) A. or else B. therefore
C. after all D. besides
However
1. You should try to get a good night’s sleep _____ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever 2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter
C. whatever D. although
1. however用作副词
(1) 表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句
Phone me when you arrive, however late it is.
你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。
However much he eats, he never gets fat.
不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming.
不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。
You won’t move the stone, however strong you are.
不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头
However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight
不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。
②这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如：
People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。
However [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。
③有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be.
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难，我也要按时完成。 ④“however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：
I refuse, however favorable the conditions. (conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
(2) 表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父亲不同意。
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房间很小，但却很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
注：however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)
(3) 表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：
However did you get here without a car
However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf
2. however用作连词
用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。
However it may be, I shall take your word.
无论如何，我将会相信你的话。
However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution.
However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.
无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。
The painting looks wrong however you look at it.
otherwise
1.不同地， 用别的方法
I hate him , and I won’t pretend otherwise.
He is guilty until proved otherwise.
2 .其他方面
Father still has a bit of his cold, but otherwise all are well.
3 否则，在不同的情况下。
Do it now. Otherwise , it will be too late.
4 or otherwise “或用其他方式”
we’ll get there somehow, by train or otherwise.
Anyhow、 anyway
1 without any regular order, in a careless manner 随便
His clothes were thrown down just anyhow.
2 in spite of that, in spite of everthing, in any case 无论如何
It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town.
可能下雪,但我无论如何要进城。
3. 不管从什么角度(或用什么方法),总之
He couldn't convince her anyhow.他怎么想办法也不能使她信服。
thus
ad. 如此,这样,因此,从而
1.It has been thus and will continue to be so.
事情一直是这样，并将继续这样下去。
2.He is the eldest son and thus heir to the title.
他是长子，因此是头衔的继承人
3 He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.
他忘了打开收音机, 因此错过了那个节目。
ever/ never
ever 意味在任何时候 用在疑问句中
Have you ever thought of applying for a job abroad
ever 可用在any- no-等不定代词之后
Does anyone ever visit them
Nothing ever bothers Howard
ever，可以出现在含有if的肯定句中
If you ever need any help, you know where to find me.
not ..ever 常用来取代never
I promise you , he won’t ever trouble you again.
still指时间 强调延续， 主要用在英文句和肯定句中， 常用进行时
Mrs Mason is still in hospital.
I’m still waiting for my new passport.
I still haven’t heard from her.
用法不同的近义形容词或副词辨析
(110)This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _____ water and electricity than _____ models.(2006北京)
A. less; older B. less; elder
C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder (111)Letterboxes are much more _______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. (2006浙江)
A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual
根据语境意义确定的形容词副词
(121)The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ______ have been solved by the end of next week. (2006江苏) A. eagerly B. hopefully
C. immediately D. gradually (123)I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ______heard of her. (2006广东) A. even B. ever C. just D. never
1、形容词的词义
问题1：
--- I’m very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice
and smells delicious.
--- Mm, it does have a ________ smell. (2002北京)
A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased
C. pleasant, pleasant D. pleased, pleasant
D
高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少，复习时需密切关注。该句中 pleased 表示“感到满意（高兴）的”；pleasant 表示“令人满意（高兴）的”。根据句意不难发现答案为D。
形容词的基本用法
问题2： Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a
____ discussion. (1997上海)
A. noisy B. serious C. complete D. friendly
问题3： If it is quite _______ to you, I will visit you next
Tuesday. （05天津卷）
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
D
该句中 cheerful 是重要的提示词，意为“欢快的”。noisy; serious 以及 complete 显然都与题义无关。是形容词，意为“友好的”，只有它符合题义。
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 该句型意为：“某人方便（适合）做某事”；一般不说“sb. is convenient to do sth.” 其它三个词显然不符合句义。
A
2、后置定语问题
问题4：
All the people _____ at the party were his supporters. (02北京)
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
解析：形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置：
proper (本身), present (在场的，出席的), involved
(有关的), concerned (相关的), left (剩下的), objecting
(反对的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等。
如 the students present (出席的学生)
the cost involved (所需费用)
A
下列情况也要后置： a. some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后
置．如：
something new; nothing serious; anything interesting b. else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：
Nobody else is so silly as you are. c. 不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定
语要后置。如：
Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at
college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson d. 以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike, alive,
alone, asleep, afraid, awake… 如：
He is the only man awake at that time.
巩固练习：
I can’t get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something ____ with it.
A. bad B. matter C. the matter D. the wrong
2. _____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
3. There is _____ to hold the water.
A. nothing big enough B. nothing enough big
C. big enough nothing D. enough big nothing
C
C
A
3、以-ly 结尾的形容词
问题5：
What he said sounds ________. (1993上海)
nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully
解析：1） 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，manly, timely, worldly (老于世故的) 仍为形容词。 改错：(错） She sang lovely. （对） Her singing was lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. It is published daily.
C
问题1
John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁）
A．large German white B．large white German
C．white large German D．German large white
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词
根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小 + 颜色 + 出处，故选择B。
B
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
问题2: This _______ girl is Lind’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
问题3：One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，最符合答案。
根据排列顺序： 大小、形状 +年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择A
A
A
1). worth --- worthy --- worthwhile
2) alike --- like ---likely
3) dead --- deadly --- deathly
4) historic --- historical
5) live --- lively --- alive --- living
6) possible --- probable--- likely
7) valueless ---priceless
8) respectable (可敬的、高尚的) --- respectful (表示敬意的)
A respectable man is respectful to others.
9) healthy (健康的) --- healthful (有益于健康的)
The air at seaside is healthful to us. So all of us are healthy.
常见形容词的比较
巩固练习：
The World Cup in France was the biggest _____ football match in the world.
A. alive B. live C. lively D. living
2. Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the way boys and girls respond (反应) to the _____ situation.
A. likely B. same C. alike D. similar
3. It’s _____ to rain but not _____ before evening.
A. possible … probable B. probable … possible
C. possibly … probably D. probably … possibly
B
D
A
问题1：______, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. （04上海春季）
A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely
C. Strange enough D. Enough strange
问题2： Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people (1995 N)
A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such
A
B
副词 enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。
A: 基本句型：such + (a) + adj. + n. ; so + adj. + a + n.
B: such 后可加各种名词，而so后面只能加单数名词；
C: so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而such不能。
副词的基本用法
问题3： We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ____, but we really don’t want him to smell _____. (1995上海)
A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad
问题4： Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____
to carry all the way home. （03全国卷）
A．much too heavy B．too much heavy
C．heavy too much D．too heavy much
C
A
smell 有双重词性，作“闻起来”解是系动词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅”解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smells bad” 表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放入两个空格。
much too 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；too much 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。
问题5： John is very lazy. He falls ______ behind in his
studies. (05(广东卷)
A. very B. far C. more D. still
问题6：— Must I turn off the gas after cooking
— Of course . You can never be careful with that .
(05江西卷)
A．enough B．too C．so D．very
B
B
副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“far behind …”表示“远远地掉在后面”。
“can never be too …”是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越……就越好”
问题1： It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she
stood ______ to her mother.( 2002北京)
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
问题2： We decided not to climb the mountains because it was
raining _______. (1996 N)
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
A
D
close to 离……近，此处 close 是副词；closely 表示“密切地”，与题意无关。
表示 “雨下得大”可用 rain hard; rain heavily 等，不用 badly 或 strongly。表示“刮大风”可用 strong wind。hardly 是否定词，与句意无关。
常用副词的比较
注意下面兼有两种形式的副词
close 与 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.
late 与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately
deep 与 deeply deep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
high 与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.
wide 与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.
free 与 freely free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.
另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别
1) just --- just now
2) rather --- fairly
3) yet --- still --- already
4) hard --- hardly --- rarely --- scarcely
5) such a + adj. + n. --- so + adj. + a + n.
6) most --- mostly --- almost
7) especially --- specially
8) every day --- everyday
9) sometime --- sometimes ---some time
巩固练习：
It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.
A. Extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
2. Would you be _____ do me a favor
A. kind enough B. so kind as to
C. so kind to D. kind as to
3. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _____ the next month.
A. some time B. sometime
C. some times D. sometimes
4. It is ____ that his English is _____ perfect.
A. sure … very B. right … rather
C. exact … fairly D. certain … quite
D
B
B
D
1、as … as … 结构
问题1： John is the tallest boy in the class, _______ according to
himself. （05安徽卷） (B)
A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as
问题2： What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is
______ it is long. （05湖北卷）
A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as
C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half
B
C
as tall as “高达…”, five foot eight = five feet eight inches
as wide as 是比较，所以倍数词应放在前面。
形容词和副词的级别
说明：
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 This is as good an example as the other is. as + many/much +名词 I can carry as much paper as you can.. 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。 This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ the + n + of <=>倍数+ as + adj. + as
This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine.
5) 数量词 + senior / junior + to
He is seven years senior to his wife.
I am three years junior to my elder sister.
２、 more than 结构
问题1：－Is your headache getting ______
－ No, it’s worse. （05全国卷3）
A．better B．bad C．less D．well
问题2： Mr. Smith owns ______ collection of coins than
anyone else I have ever met. （05山东卷）
A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large
问题3： The number of people present at the concert was
_______ than expected. There were many tickets left.
（04福建）
A．much smaller B．much more
C．much larger D．many more
A
B
A
问题4： The dictionary gave me a better offer than ____.
(1999 上海)
A. that of Dick’s B. Dick’s
C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick
问题5： You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move
_____ (2000 上海)
A. a bit far B. a little farther
C. a bit of farther D. a little far
问题6： In that case, there is nothing you can do ______ than
wait. (2001 北京春季)
A. more B. other C. better D. any
C
B
B
1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）程度词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot,
lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。除
外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以
上词 (除by far) 外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前
面。而 by far 一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。
３、of the two 结构
问题1： Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose _____ one. (94 上海)
A. the less expensive B. the most expensive
C. less expensive D. most expensive
问题2： If the manager had to choose between the two, he would
say John was ________ choice. (95 上海)
A. good B. the best C. better D. the better
说明：在 of the two 结构中，比较级前要加 the，但如果不在 of the two 结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.
A
D
4、the + 最高级 + 比较范围
问题1：David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels________ desire to go to bed. (05江苏卷)
A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least
问题2： Greenland, ________ island in the world, covers
over two million square kilometers. (2000 上海)
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
D
D
1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race.
形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。 It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem. 注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意： a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class. 4) “否定词语 + 比较级”，“否定词语 + so… as” 结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.= Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing.
5、和more有关的词组
1) the more… the more… 越……就越…… The harder you work，the greater progress you‘ll make. 2) more B than A 与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 3) no more… than… 与……一样(不)……，不比……多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less… than… 与……一样…… He is no less diligent than you. 4) more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.
1. I have seldom seen my mother ______ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010·全国Ⅰ)
A. so B. very C. too D. rather
解析：选A。考查形容词的平级比较。句意为：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。题干中的关键词是as，结合句意可知，这里是形容词please的平级比较。
2. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________.(2010·全国Ⅱ)
popular B. more popular
C. most popular D. the most popular
解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：Black先生很高兴，因为他工厂生产的服装从没像现在这样受欢迎。否定比较级相当于肯定，类似的还有too, enough。
Exercises
3. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ______ journey. (2010·上海)
A. three hour B. a three-hours
C. a three-hour D. three hours
解析：选C。考查复合形容词。“三小时的路程”有两种表达方式：a three-hour journey和three hours’ journey。
4. ________, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.(2010·安徽)
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
解析：选D。考查形容词作状语。句意为：愉快与乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。 shy and cautious害羞而小心的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感而多虑的；honest and confident诚实而自信的；lighthearted and optimistic豁达而乐观的。
5. Drunk driving, which was once a _______ occurrence, is now under control.(2010·福建)
A. general B. frequent C. normal D. particular
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：曾经一度常发事故的醉酒驾车现在已经被控制了。frequent频繁的；general一般的；normal正常的； particular特别的，特定的。
6. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ______ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(2010·湖北)
A. private B. personal C. unique D. different
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：在这次演讲里，关于我们怎样尽情生活我只能给你（们）纯粹的个人观点，并就未来提一些建议。private私人的，私有的；personal个人的；unique唯一的，独特的；different不同的。
7. Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes _______.(2010·湖北)
A. favourable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile
解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。句意为：犯错并没有发生；犯错是有原因的。弄清楚犯错的原因，那么犯错就是值得的。favourable赞成的，有利的；precious宝贵的，贵重的；essential本质的，实质的；worthwhile值得做的。
8. If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my ______ reaction will be to tell the police.(2010·湖北)
A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：如果我发现某人看起来像嫌疑犯，我马上采取的行动就是告诉警察。physical身体的，物理的；immediate立即的；sensitive敏感的，灵敏的；sudden突然的，意外的。
9. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _______ and more ________, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.(2010·江西)
A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficient
C. easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently
解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：尽管计算机和手机确实使我们的生活变得更有效率了，但是也降低了面对面交流的需求。make +life+形容词，而且后面为比较级，符合语境。
10. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _______ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010·山东)
A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex
解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy沉重的； smooth光滑的，滑顺的； complex复杂的，难懂的。
11. Studies show that people are more _______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010·陕西)
A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure
解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人的背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”的意思。
12. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _______.(2010·四川)
A. small B. few C. large D. many
解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于学生的数量增长过快，所以学校从市中心地区搬出来了。the number of 意为“……的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。
13. People have always been _______ about exactly how life on earth began.(2010·天津)
A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful
解析：选A。考查形容词的意义和用法。句意为：人们一直对地球生命的起源感到好奇。根据介词about后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 对……感到好奇。
14. I have been convinced that the print media are usually more _______ and more reliable than television.(2010·浙江)
A. accurate B. ridiculous C. urgent D. shallow
解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。句意为：我确信印刷的媒体材料比电视更精确、更加可靠。accurate精确的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的；urgent紧急的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。
15. The island is ______ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.(2010·全国Ⅱ)
A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally
解析：选D。考查副词辨析。句意为：这个岛屿春秋两季气候宜人，因此，这两个季节同样迷人。partly部分地；merely只不过，仅仅；nearly几乎；equally同样地，相等地。
16. —Volunteering is becoming _______ popular in China.
—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.(2010·福建)
A. naturally B. successfully C. splendidly D. increasingly
解析：选D。考查副词的用法。句意为：——在中国，志愿者活动正越来越受到大家的欢迎。——是的，现在人们意识到了助人即助己。increasingly越来越多地。 naturally自然地，天生地；successfully成功地；splendidly极佳地，非常好地；华丽地，辉煌地。
17. We only had ＄100 and that was______ to buy a new computer. (2010·辽宁)
A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
解析：选A。考查副词的用法。句意为：我们只有100美元，怎么也不够买一台新电脑。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。
18. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ______ said errors like this could be avoided.(2010·湖北)
A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly
解析：选A。考查副词辨析。句意为：我不责备任何人；我仅仅想说像这样的错误是可以避免的。merely仅仅；mostly主要地；rarely很少地；nearly几乎。
19. Do you think shopping online will ______ take the place of shopping in stores (2010·浙江)
A. especially B. frequently C. merely D. finally
解析：选D。考查副词辨析。句意为：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？especially特别地，尤其；frequently经常地，时常地；merely仅仅只是；finally最终，最后。
20. Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, _______ (2010·浙江)
A. though B. also C. either D. too
解析：选A。考查副词辨析。句意为：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险吗？though意为“尽管，然而”，置于句尾，表示转折的含意，通常用逗号和前面内容隔开；also意为“也”，用于肯定句中；either意为“也（不）”；too意为“也”，用于肯定句中。
2013年高考语法复习系列
形容词和副词
来安县半塔中学 梅 崇 兵
专题导读
分析2011、2012两年的高考试题，我们发现，对形容词与副词的考查有逐年上升的趋势。对形容词的考查主要有以下几方面：
1．词义辨析
在考查形容词的试题中，我们发现词义辨析题占了多数。这些选项的形容词意义区别比较大，不是过去那种汉语意义相近的形容词之间的辨析。
2．形容词的比较级与最高级
依据情景考查形容词的各等级的用法是近几年高考试题的热点。
3．形容词短语的搭配
2011、2012两年对“倍数”表达法的考查比较多，往往考查在倍数表达中形容词的位置。
对副词的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：
1．在句子中能起到承上启下作用的副词，这是近几年高考出题最多的。
2．依据情景辨析副词意义
出题人将空格留在句子中间，要求考生将能使句子意义通顺的副词填上。这些副词之间的意义区别比较大。
3．搭配
包括副词与动词的搭配、副词与副词的搭配及副词与形容词的搭配等。有的副词与动词构成动词短语，出题人将动词后的副词挖出，让考生依据搭配选择副词。
解题小技巧
1．熟记《考试大纲》上所列的形容词与副词的意义。词汇考查其实就是对考生词汇丰富程度的考查。很多单词考生只知其一，不知其二，这是在学习中需要克服的，因此通过复习熟悉词汇的意义是非常重要的。
2．注意积累。针对搭配类试题，平时要注意积累。不仅要记住与副词、形容词、动词常搭配的副词，也要记住与动词搭配的一些副词的用法。倍数的表达法、特殊形容词的位置的表达等也是需要积累的。
形容词和副词是英语中较为复杂的词类， 涉及的面比较广。就其考点而言主要包括：
1. 形容词和副词的词义辨析。
2. 形容词修饰名词时的词序问题。
3. 形容词和副词比较级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。
4. 表示时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等的副词的用法。
2013年高考对形容词、副词的考查热点仍然集中在对形容词、副词的辨析上， 同时继续加强对形容词、副词比较级的考查。
1. ［2011·湖北卷 Ⅱ］ The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ________ though slow.
A．shaky B．heavy C．casual D．Steady
【解析】 D 句意：那位老工程师的眼睛在他那棕色的布满皱纹的脸上依然闪烁着光芒，他那穿过房间的脚步虽然缓慢但依然很平稳。考查形容词词义的辨析。shaky摇晃的；heavy重的；casual随便的；steady稳定的。根据句意可知应选D项。
真题典例
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2. ［2011·湖北卷］ An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always ________.
A．practical B． avoidable C．permanent D．Beneficial
【解析】 C 句意：不幸的童年或许对一个人的性格产生一些负面的影响，但不会是永久性的。考查形容词词义的辨析。practical实际的；avoidable能避免的；permanent永久的；beneficial有益的。根据句意可知应选C项。
3.［2011·湖北卷］ The state run company is required to make its accounts as ________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A．transparent B．reasonable C．secure D． formal
【解析】 A 句意：国企被要求账目尽可能透明，以供全体员工监督资金的使用。考查形容词词义的辨析。transparent透明的；reasonable合理的；secure安全的；formal正式的。由句意知应选A项。
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4.［2011·江西卷］
—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why It’s ________ than the films I have ever seen.
A．far more interesting B．much less interesting
C．no more interesting D．any less interesting
【解析】 A 句意：“这部电影一点趣也没有。”“为什么？我觉得它比我之前看的任何电影有趣多了。”考查形容词比较级。程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。 根据Why？对上句的反问，可知这部电影比“我”之前看的任何电影都有趣多了。故选A。
5.［2011·江西卷］ The house was too expensive and too big. ________, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
A．Besides B．Therefore C．Somehow D．Otherwise
【解析】 A 句意： 这个房子太贵太大。……，我已经很喜欢我的小的租用房了。考查副词的用法。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。besides 此外，表并列；therefore 因此，表因果；somehow 无论如何，表转折；otherwise 除此之外，表转折。选A。
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6.［2011·江西卷］ She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too ________ about her job.
A．special B．responsible C．unusual D．Particular
【解析】 D 前一句的句意是：她已经尽了最大的努力，可推知后一句应是：请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。考查形容词的辨析。particular挑剔的；special特别的；responsible负责的；unusual不同寻常的。
7.［2010·江苏卷］ In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are ________.
A．special B．regional C．optional D．Original
【解析】 C 句意：在那所学校，对于所有学生而言，英语是一门必修课，但是法语和俄语是选修课。考查形容词词义辨析。special特别的；regional地区的，局部的；optional可任意选择的，任选的；original最初的，本来的，原始的。
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8.［2010·安徽卷］ _________, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A．Hopefully B．Normally C．Thankfully D．Conveniently
【解析】 C 句意：谢天谢地，我终于通过了这场比赛，痛苦最终是值得的。考查副词辨析。hopefully意为“怀有希望的”；normally意为“正常地”；conveniently意为“方便地”。thankfully表示高兴或宽慰，意为“感激地，幸亏”等，符合语境。
9.［2011·全国卷Ⅱ］ It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is________ another to play it well yourself.
A．quite B．very C．rather D．much
【解析】 A 本题考查副词。It is one thing to do…it is another to do…意为“……是一回事，……是另一回事”。句意为：欣赏美妙的音乐是一回事，但是你亲自演奏音乐完全是另一回事。quite完全地，彻底地；very很，极；rather相当地；much非常，更加。
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10.［2011·陕西卷］ The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________ the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
【解析】 B 考查倍数的表达方式。此处用到了as…as…结构，倍数位于前一个as之前，故选B。其余选项与题意不符。
11.［2011·四川卷］ —How was your recent trip to Sichuan —I've never had________ one before.
A．a pleasant B．a more pleasant
C．a most pleasant D．the most pleasant
【解析】 B 考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：“最近去四川的旅行，你感觉怎么样？”“我从未有过比这更愉快的旅行了。”此处否定词never与形容词比较级more pleasant一起连用实际上是表达了一个最高级的意思，言下之意：“这是我所经历过的最愉快的旅行。”
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12.［2011·安徽卷］ To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，________，honest.
A. therefore B. above all C. howeverD. after all
【解析】 B 考查副词（短语）。句意为：成为了不起的人，你必须聪明、自信，最重要的是，要诚实。smart, confident和honest三个并列的形容词作表语，但honest是其中最重要的，故选B。therefore“因此”；above all“最重要的是”；however“然而”；after all“毕竟”。
13.［2011·浙江卷］ I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally B．immediatelyC. occasionallyD．certainly
【解析】 C 考查副词辨析。根据句意“这两个星期以来我不时地写写这个报告，但明天一定要交了”可知，occasionally表示“偶尔地，不时地”，符合此句意。finally表示“最后”；immediately表示“立刻，马上”；certainly表示“当然”。
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14.John is taller than________ in his class.
A．any boys B．any other boy
C．other boys D．any boy
【解析】 B John不包括在其他男孩范围中，故选B。
1.It’s quite ________ that he will be present at the meeting.
A．sure B．certain
C．exactly D．afraid
【解析】 B certain和sure都可作“一定”解，但通常不说it is sure, 而要说I’m sure/certain或It’s certain。
Exercises
2.I can’t make a decision right now. I need________ more time to think it over.
A．fairly B．rather
C．quite D．many
【解析】 2. B A、C修饰原级，D修饰可数名词。
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3. Of the two scientists, who do you think is ________？
A．a successful B．more successful
C．a more successful D．the more successful
【解析】 D 一般说来，形容词比较级作表语时前面不加冠词；但当形容词比较级表示两者之中较为突出者时，前面通常加定冠词表特指。如：Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia
4.—Do you know what Bush House is like
—Yes. It is a （n）________ building and it is the home of BBC English.
A．nice old tall white B．old tall nice white
C．nice tall old white D．white nice old tall
【解析】 C 考查多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序。
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5.The computers in the other shop will be ______， but ________ as those in this shop.
A．cheaper; not as better B．more cheaper; not as better
C．cheaper; not as good D．more cheap; not as good
【解析】 C 两者比较用比较级，同级比较用as…as或not as/so…as。句意：那家店的电脑将比这家店的便宜，但不如这家店的好。
6.—What’s the ________ population of Shanghai
—Over ten million.
A．total B．whole C．complete D．all
【解析】 A total强调“总的数目”；whole强调“一件东西的整体”；complete强调“一件东西或一件事的完整性”；all修饰名词时，应放在所修饰词的最前面。
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7. After the Anti terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ________.
A．safe but tired B．safely but tired
C．safe and tiring D．safely and tiring
【解析】 A 当形容词用作状语时，表示意义上的增补，和句子主语在逻辑上有主谓关系。
8. John is taller than________ in his class.
A．any girl B．any other girl
C．other girls D．any boy
【解析】 A John和girl不属于同一范围。如选D则属同一范围，要加other。
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9.The problem is not ________ so easy as you think. It’s far from being settled.
A．hardly B．almost C．nearly D．scarcely
【解析】 C hardly和scarcely都是“几乎不”的意思，与题干中的not构成双重否定，与句意不符；而not要置于almost之后，意为“几乎不”；nearly用于否定句，not nearly意为“相差很远”。因此只有C项为正确答案。
10. Leave it to me! I feel much more ________ of myself and my abilities these days.
A. confident B．energetic C．generous D．curious
【解析】 A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：交给我吧！这些天我对我自己和我的能力感到有信心多了。confident意为“自信的；确信的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的；积极的”；generous意为“慷慨的；大方的”；curious意为“好奇的”。依据语意可知选A。
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11. This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and water________ from pollution.
A．free B．empty C．loose D．short
【解析】 A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种新的化学物质将有助于使空气、土壤和水免受污染。此处free与from搭配，表示“免于，不受……影响”。
12.—Do you really want to go out
—It may rain. ________，I shall go out；I don't mind the rain.
A．Anyway B．Otherwise C．Somehow D．Therefore
【解析】 A 考查副词的用法。anyway意为“无论如何”；otherwise意为“在其他方面，否则”；somehow意为“以某种方式”；therefore意为“因此”。句意：天可能下雨，不管怎样，我要出去；我不介意下雨。故选A。
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13. She was certainly not afraid of the dark. ____， it was only a 15 minute ride home.
A. However B．Besides C．Therefore D．Otherwise
【解析】 B 考查副词用法。句意：她肯定不怕黑。再说，骑自行车到家只需15分钟。besides意为“况且，再说”。
14. —How is the result, doctor
—Well, your health is ________ good, but you do have a few minor problems.
A．normally B．Frequently C．generally D．regularly
【解析】 C 考查副词辨析。句意为：你的健康状况总体来说是好的，但的确有些小问题。normally意为“正常地”；frequently意为“经常”；regularly意为“有规律地”。
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15. In my opinion, your composition is not as interesting as his, but yours is________ in writing.
A．the best organized B．better organized
C．so organized as D．as organized as
【解析】 B 句意：在我看来，你的作文（在内容上）没有他的有趣，但你的作文在结构上组织得比他的好。根据语意可知，说话人把两个人的作文从内容和结构两方面进行比较，第一分句用的是not as…as结构，相当于less…than，第二分句用的是比较级结构。
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16. You'd better go there by train. The train ticket is________ the plane ticket.
A．as cheap three times as B．as three times cheap as
C．three times cheaper than D．cheaper three times than
【解析】 C 考查倍数与比较级。句意：你最好乘火车去那里。火车票比飞机票便宜3倍。本题考查形容词比较级的常用句型。平级比较句型是：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as…；比较级常用的句型是：倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…。
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17.Their cheerful voice showed they were having a________ discussion.
A．noisy B．serious C．complete D．friendly
【解析】 D cheerful voice表明讨论是“友好的”。
18 . Tea is considered by some Europeans________ popular drink, while coffee comes second.
A．a most B．a more C．the most D．the more
【解析】 C 考查最高级用法。句意：一些欧洲人认为茶是最受欢迎的饮品，而咖啡名列第二。根据comes second可知本句是对饮品的受欢迎程度进行排序，故C为正确答案。
形容词和副词
一、形容词分类及基本用法
形容词就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。
基本用法如下表：
分类 功能 例词
定语形容词 作定语、表语和补语等。 hot, cold, etc.
表语形容词 作表语，有的可作后置定语
well, ill, glad, sorry, fond, worth, able, afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, afraid, etc.
二、复合形容词
构成 例词
形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted, white-haired
形容词+形容词 red-hot, dark-blue
形容词+现在分词 good-looking, easy-going
副词+现在分词 hard-working, fast-moving
副词+过去分词 hard-won, newly-built
名词+形容词 life-long, world-famous
名词+现在分词 peace-loving, fun-loving
名词+过去分词 snow-covered, hand-made
数词+名词 ten-year, two-man
数词+名词+ed four-storied, three-legged
数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old
形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
高考重点要求：
1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型
2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置
3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序
4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别
形容词在句子中的作用
形容词在句子中的位置
形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。
（1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词， 如：an exciting American film
（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位置在后。
1）修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等，
如：anything important, nothing easy
（2）同表示数量的词组连用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old
3．几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：
a fine round maple（枫木）writing table,
a famous old English country house
1、大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语, 如：
a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园
Who left the window open
How long will the weather stay sunny
The silk clothes feel soft.
How interesting the story sounds!
2、定冠词the + 形容词
定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“……的一种人”，“……的一类东西或事情”。
The new will take the place of the old . （新事物将代替旧事物。）
The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)
The Living and the Dead is a horror film.
3、有些形容词只能作表语 如：
叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。
（错） He is an ill man.
（对） The man is ill.
（错） She is an afraid girl.
（ 对） The girl is afraid.
well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等
4、词加-ed 和 –ing都可构成形容词
加-ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物， 如：We were excited when we heard the exciting news.
amusing, astonishing, encouraging, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, exciting, interesting, pleasing, shocking, surprising
5、ly等后缀 形容词
friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly (有……品质的 )
(错） She sang lovely （错） He spoke to me very friendl
（对） Her singing was lovely.（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly
有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
6、形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的
㈠加到名词上的主要有：
① -y，：bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy；
③ -ful：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful；
④ -less：careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless；
⑤ -ous /-ious：dangerous; courageous, mysterious；
⑥ -al /-tal /-ial /-tial：accidental, horizontal, influential；
⑦ -ic /-etic /-atic，：artistic, sympathetic, systematic；
⑧ -ish：childish, foolish, selfish；
⑨ -like： life-like, business-like, war-like；
⑩ -ed /-en：skilled, horned, golden, wooden。
㈡加到动词上的有
① -ent/-ant，如：dependent, different, observant, pleasant；
② -able/-ible，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible(明智的;合情理的 )；
③ -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive(敏感的;易受伤害的 )；
④ -ed/-en，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen；
⑤ -ing，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining。
副 词
副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-ly 构成，如：careful-carefully.
副词主要被分为以下几种：
1．时间副词，如：often，early，usually，frequently always constantly now
2．地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there
3．方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well
4．程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost
5．疑问副词，如：how，when，why， where
副词在句子中的位置
时间副词和地点副词的位置
表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。
修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。 如：
be well enough, go fast enough
修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种
修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well
修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard
及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。
He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down.
形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法
1 两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。
2 He is as tall as his monitor .
3 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容词原级+as”句型。
A train doesn’t travel so fast as a plane .
4 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最……”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。
Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents .
She writes (the) most carefully of the three .
5 比较级+and+比较级“越来越……”
It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.
She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.
6 the +比较级，the +比较级“越……越……”
The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .
【考点一】考查多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高, 形状年龄和新老, 颜色国籍和材料, 作用类别往后靠。
说明：
（1）“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。
（2）“描绘”性形容词,如beautiful, bad, cold, great, etc.
（3）“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词；
（4）表示“形状”的词，如round, square, etc.
（5）“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词；“出”指出处。“材料”的词，如wooden, woolen, stone, silk, etc.
（6）“作用类别”的词，如medical, college, writing (desk), police (car), etc.
【考点二】考查形容词作定语的后置规律
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：
（1）形容词短语作定语时要后置。
Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
（2）表语形容词作定语要后置。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive, etc.。
All the people present at the party were his supporters.
（3）形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词，如anything、something等时，通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
【考点三】形容词作伴随状语和原因状语
形容词充当状语多表示主语的状态。
He spent 7 days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.
Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed.
【考点四】考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别
-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到……”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested /interesting; excited /exciting; frightened /frightening; surprised /surprising; pleased /pleasing; moved /moving; disappointed /disappointing等。
注意：
即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；
即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。
He told me the news in an excited voice.
The man is interesting.
【考点五】考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称 结构 例句
相
等 as+原级+as Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.
as+原级+a/an+单数名词+as He is as honest a man as you .
as many+名词复数+as；
as much+不可数名词+as I have as many books as you.
倍数+ as+原级+ a This room is three times as large as that one.
不
及 not as/so+原级+as This building looks not so (as) high as that one.
less+原级+than This room is less beautiful than that one.
超
过 比较级+than Health is more important than wealth.
the+比较级+of the two，表示“两者中较……的一个” He is the taller of the two.
否定词+
比较级 no+比较级+than，表示“两者都不” This book is no more interesting than that one.
再……不过（可译为“非常，十分”） His work couldn’t be worse.
程度递增 -er + and + -er，more and more+多音节词原级，表示“越来越……” The weather is getting colder and colder.
两种情况同时变化 the+比较级，the +比较级，表示“越……，越……” The harder he works, the happier he feels.
三者或三者以上比较 the+最高级+of/ in + 比较范围，表示“……之中最……” Of all things in the world, people are the most precious.
【考点六】考查形容词与副词区别
（1）“名词+ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等。
（2）too much和much too的区别
①too much可以充当形容词，含义是“太多的”，后接不可数名词；充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词；充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。
I have too much homework to do.
Watching TV too much is bad for your health.
You gave me too much.
②much too充当副词，意为“太”，在句中修饰形容词或副词。
It’s much too expensive.
【考点七】考查比较等级的修饰语
用于比
较级前 a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice, any（常用于否定句或疑问句中） etc. My desk-mate is even fatter than me.
many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复数”前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
用于最
高级前 the very, much, by far, the first/second, etc. This cake is by far the largest in the world.
【难点一】考查likely, possible与probable的辨析
用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①I am _______ to be late for the film.
②It is _______ for us to finish the work within three hours.
③It is _______ that the headmaster will come to listen to our class.
解析：likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，常用结构有：sb. / sth.+be+likely+to do sth.；It is likely+that-clause；
possible表示客观上的可能性，常构成的结构有：It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；It is possible+that-clause；
probable表示“可能发生或实现的”，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有： sth. is probable; It is probable + that-clause。综上分析可知，题①填likely；题②填possible；题③填possible或probable。另外，likely还可用作定语形容词，意为“似乎合适的、有希望的”。
She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。
【难点二】考查形容词alive, lively, living和live的辨析
用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①He is telling a very ______ story.
②We found the snake ______.
③The ______ are more important to us than the dead.
④The fish is still _______ .
⑤They are watching a ______ television show now.
解析：lively 有“活泼的，快活的，生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思；alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living置于名词前后均可），也可以作表语；只有alive可作宾语补足语；只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。所以，题①填lively，题②填alive，题③填living，题④alive和living均可，题⑤填live。
【难点三】考查senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用表示比较的概念
用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确
①Their watch is superior ________ all the other watches on the market.
②He runs a lot faster _______ I.
解析：某些以-ior结尾的形容词不用比较形式却能表达比较概念，其后要接介词to。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。因此，题①填to；题②是比较级，填than。
考查形容词作定语的后置规律
_______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全国) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
All the people ______at the party were his supporters. (2002北京)
A. present B. thankful
C. interested D. important
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：
①形容词短语作定语时；
②表语形容词作定语时；
③修饰复合不定代词时。
考查多个形容词作定语的排序
John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ______car. (2004辽宁) A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white
______ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese
B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong
D. Young strong ten Chinese
多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：
(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)
+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词
The husband gave his wife ______every month in order to please her. (2004重庆) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income
－How was your recent visit to Qingdao
－It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ______days at the seaside. (1995全国) A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
注：限定词的排序：
前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等)
+中位限定词 (冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格)
+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)
考查副词在句中的位置规律
If I had ______, I'd visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (1998全国) A. a holiday long enough
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
①频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。②表示方式的副词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后；③同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式＋地点＋时间。
考查–ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别
(12) Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____. (2004重庆) A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
(13)It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader. (2003上海) A. interested; interest
B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting
D. interesting; interest (23)Mr. Smith, ______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. (2003京春) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
其它含比较级的短语和句式
比较级+and+比较级；
no more than和……一样不 仅仅，；
more…than…与其说……倒不如……；
less than少于；
more than多于，不只是，非常；
more or less几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少；
sooner or later(迟早，早晚，总有一天)；what’s more(而且，此外)；
no sooner…than…(一……就……)。如：
体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词
Progress so far has been very good. _______, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. (2006浙江)
A. However B. Otherwise
C. Therefore D. Besides
I’m certain Davel’s told you his business troubles. ______, it’s no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. (2006湖北) A. However B. Anyway
C. Therefore D. Though
The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ______, it caused 20 deaths. (2006江西) A. or else B. therefore
C. after all D. besides
However
1. You should try to get a good night’s sleep _____ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter
C. although D. whatever 2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter
C. whatever D. although
1. however用作副词
(1) 表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句
Phone me when you arrive, however late it is.
你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。
However much he eats, he never gets fat.
不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming.
不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。
You won’t move the stone, however strong you are.
不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头
However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight
不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。
②这样用的 however 与 no matter how 大致同义。如：
People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。
However [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。
③有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：
Don’t laugh, however funny it may be.
I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难，我也要按时完成。 ④“however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：
I refuse, however favorable the conditions. (conditions后省去了are)
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
(2) 表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父亲不同意。
My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房间很小，但却很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.
注：however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)
(3) 表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：
However did you get here without a car
However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf
2. however用作连词
用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。
However it may be, I shall take your word.
无论如何，我将会相信你的话。
However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution.
However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.
无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。
The painting looks wrong however you look at it.
otherwise
1.不同地， 用别的方法
I hate him , and I won’t pretend otherwise.
He is guilty until proved otherwise.
2 .其他方面
Father still has a bit of his cold, but otherwise all are well.
3 否则，在不同的情况下。
Do it now. Otherwise , it will be too late.
4 or otherwise “或用其他方式”
we’ll get there somehow, by train or otherwise.
Anyhow、 anyway
1 without any regular order, in a careless manner 随便
His clothes were thrown down just anyhow.
2 in spite of that, in spite of everthing, in any case 无论如何
It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town.
可能下雪,但我无论如何要进城。
3. 不管从什么角度(或用什么方法),总之
He couldn't convince her anyhow.他怎么想办法也不能使她信服。
thus
ad. 如此,这样,因此,从而
1.It has been thus and will continue to be so.
事情一直是这样，并将继续这样下去。
2.He is the eldest son and thus heir to the title.
他是长子，因此是头衔的继承人
3 He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.
他忘了打开收音机, 因此错过了那个节目。
ever/ never
ever 意味在任何时候 用在疑问句中
Have you ever thought of applying for a job abroad
ever 可用在any- no-等不定代词之后
Does anyone ever visit them
Nothing ever bothers Howard
ever，可以出现在含有if的肯定句中
If you ever need any help, you know where to find me.
not ..ever 常用来取代never
I promise you , he won’t ever trouble you again.
still指时间 强调延续， 主要用在英文句和肯定句中， 常用进行时
Mrs Mason is still in hospital.
I’m still waiting for my new passport.
I still haven’t heard from her.
用法不同的近义形容词或副词辨析
(110)This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _____ water and electricity than _____ models.(2006北京)
A. less; older B. less; elder
C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder (111)Letterboxes are much more _______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead. (2006浙江)
A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual
根据语境意义确定的形容词副词
(121)The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will ______ have been solved by the end of next week. (2006江苏) A. eagerly B. hopefully
C. immediately D. gradually (123)I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ______heard of her. (2006广东) A. even B. ever C. just D. never
1、形容词的词义
问题1：
--- I’m very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice
and smells delicious.
--- Mm, it does have a ________ smell. (2002北京)
A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased
C. pleasant, pleasant D. pleased, pleasant
D
高考中关于形容词的词义的题考得不少，复习时需密切关注。该句中 pleased 表示“感到满意（高兴）的”；pleasant 表示“令人满意（高兴）的”。根据句意不难发现答案为D。
形容词的基本用法
问题2： Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a
____ discussion. (1997上海)
A. noisy B. serious C. complete D. friendly
问题3： If it is quite _______ to you, I will visit you next
Tuesday. （05天津卷）
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
D
该句中 cheerful 是重要的提示词，意为“欢快的”。noisy; serious 以及 complete 显然都与题义无关。是形容词，意为“友好的”，只有它符合题义。
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 该句型意为：“某人方便（适合）做某事”；一般不说“sb. is convenient to do sth.” 其它三个词显然不符合句义。
A
2、后置定语问题
问题4：
All the people _____ at the party were his supporters. (02北京)
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
解析：形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是下列情况要后置：
proper (本身), present (在场的，出席的), involved
(有关的), concerned (相关的), left (剩下的), objecting
(反对的), mentioned (提及的), selected (当选的)等。
如 the students present (出席的学生)
the cost involved (所需费用)
A
下列情况也要后置： a. some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后
置．如：
something new; nothing serious; anything interesting b. else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如：
Nobody else is so silly as you are. c. 不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定
语要后置。如：
Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at
college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson d. 以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置．如：alike, alive,
alone, asleep, afraid, awake… 如：
He is the only man awake at that time.
巩固练习：
I can’t get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something ____ with it.
A. bad B. matter C. the matter D. the wrong
2. _____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
3. There is _____ to hold the water.
A. nothing big enough B. nothing enough big
C. big enough nothing D. enough big nothing
C
C
A
3、以-ly 结尾的形容词
问题5：
What he said sounds ________. (1993上海)
nicely B. pleasantly C. friendly D. wonderfully
解析：1） 大部分形容词加-ly 可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，manly, timely, worldly (老于世故的) 仍为形容词。 改错：(错） She sang lovely. （对） Her singing was lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. It is published daily.
C
问题1
John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁）
A．large German white B．large white German
C．white large German D．German large white
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词
根据这个公式，就不难排列出：大小 + 颜色 + 出处，故选择B。
B
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
问题2: This _______ girl is Lind’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty
C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
问题3：One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，最符合答案。
根据排列顺序： 大小、形状 +年龄+颜色+来源+质地+用途+名词可选择A
A
A
1). worth --- worthy --- worthwhile
2) alike --- like ---likely
3) dead --- deadly --- deathly
4) historic --- historical
5) live --- lively --- alive --- living
6) possible --- probable--- likely
7) valueless ---priceless
8) respectable (可敬的、高尚的) --- respectful (表示敬意的)
A respectable man is respectful to others.
9) healthy (健康的) --- healthful (有益于健康的)
The air at seaside is healthful to us. So all of us are healthy.
常见形容词的比较
巩固练习：
The World Cup in France was the biggest _____ football match in the world.
A. alive B. live C. lively D. living
2. Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the way boys and girls respond (反应) to the _____ situation.
A. likely B. same C. alike D. similar
3. It’s _____ to rain but not _____ before evening.
A. possible … probable B. probable … possible
C. possibly … probably D. probably … possibly
B
D
A
问题1：______, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. （04上海春季）
A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely
C. Strange enough D. Enough strange
问题2： Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people (1995 N)
A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, such
A
B
副词 enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。
A: 基本句型：such + (a) + adj. + n. ; so + adj. + a + n.
B: such 后可加各种名词，而so后面只能加单数名词；
C: so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而such不能。
副词的基本用法
问题3： We don’t care if a hunting dog smells ____, but we really don’t want him to smell _____. (1995上海)
A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad
问题4： Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____
to carry all the way home. （03全国卷）
A．much too heavy B．too much heavy
C．heavy too much D．too heavy much
C
A
smell 有双重词性，作“闻起来”解是系动词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅”解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smells bad” 表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放入两个空格。
much too 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；too much 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。
问题5： John is very lazy. He falls ______ behind in his
studies. (05(广东卷)
A. very B. far C. more D. still
问题6：— Must I turn off the gas after cooking
— Of course . You can never be careful with that .
(05江西卷)
A．enough B．too C．so D．very
B
B
副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“far behind …”表示“远远地掉在后面”。
“can never be too …”是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越……就越好”
问题1： It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she
stood ______ to her mother.( 2002北京)
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
问题2： We decided not to climb the mountains because it was
raining _______. (1996 N)
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
A
D
close to 离……近，此处 close 是副词；closely 表示“密切地”，与题意无关。
表示 “雨下得大”可用 rain hard; rain heavily 等，不用 badly 或 strongly。表示“刮大风”可用 strong wind。hardly 是否定词，与句意无关。
常用副词的比较
注意下面兼有两种形式的副词
close 与 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.
late 与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately
deep 与 deeply deep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
high 与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.
wide 与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.
free 与 freely free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.
另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别
1) just --- just now
2) rather --- fairly
3) yet --- still --- already
4) hard --- hardly --- rarely --- scarcely
5) such a + adj. + n. --- so + adj. + a + n.
6) most --- mostly --- almost
7) especially --- specially
8) every day --- everyday
9) sometime --- sometimes ---some time
巩固练习：
It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.
A. Extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially
2. Would you be _____ do me a favor
A. kind enough B. so kind as to
C. so kind to D. kind as to
3. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _____ the next month.
A. some time B. sometime
C. some times D. sometimes
4. It is ____ that his English is _____ perfect.
A. sure … very B. right … rather
C. exact … fairly D. certain … quite
D
B
B
D
1、as … as … 结构
问题1： John is the tallest boy in the class, _______ according to
himself. （05安徽卷） (B)
A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as
问题2： What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is
______ it is long. （05湖北卷）
A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as
C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half
B
C
as tall as “高达…”, five foot eight = five feet eight inches
as wide as 是比较，所以倍数词应放在前面。
形容词和副词的级别
说明：
1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 This is as good an example as the other is. as + many/much +名词 I can carry as much paper as you can.. 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。 This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍数+ the + n + of <=>倍数+ as + adj. + as
This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine.
5) 数量词 + senior / junior + to
He is seven years senior to his wife.
I am three years junior to my elder sister.
２、 more than 结构
问题1：－Is your headache getting ______
－ No, it’s worse. （05全国卷3）
A．better B．bad C．less D．well
问题2： Mr. Smith owns ______ collection of coins than
anyone else I have ever met. （05山东卷）
A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large
问题3： The number of people present at the concert was
_______ than expected. There were many tickets left.
（04福建）
A．much smaller B．much more
C．much larger D．many more
A
B
A
问题4： The dictionary gave me a better offer than ____.
(1999 上海)
A. that of Dick’s B. Dick’s
C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick
问题5： You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move
_____ (2000 上海)
A. a bit far B. a little farther
C. a bit of farther D. a little far
问题6： In that case, there is nothing you can do ______ than
wait. (2001 北京春季)
A. more B. other C. better D. any
C
B
B
1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）程度词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot,
lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。除
外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以
上词 (除by far) 外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前
面。而 by far 一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。
３、of the two 结构
问题1： Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose _____ one. (94 上海)
A. the less expensive B. the most expensive
C. less expensive D. most expensive
问题2： If the manager had to choose between the two, he would
say John was ________ choice. (95 上海)
A. good B. the best C. better D. the better
说明：在 of the two 结构中，比较级前要加 the，但如果不在 of the two 结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.
A
D
4、the + 最高级 + 比较范围
问题1：David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels________ desire to go to bed. (05江苏卷)
A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least
问题2： Greenland, ________ island in the world, covers
over two million square kilometers. (2000 上海)
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
D
D
1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。
The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race.
形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。 It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem. 注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意： a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class. 4) “否定词语 + 比较级”，“否定词语 + so… as” 结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.= Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing.
5、和more有关的词组
1) the more… the more… 越……就越…… The harder you work，the greater progress you‘ll make. 2) more B than A 与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 3) no more… than… 与……一样(不)……，不比……多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less… than… 与……一样…… He is no less diligent than you. 4) more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.
1. I have seldom seen my mother ______ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010·全国Ⅰ)
A. so B. very C. too D. rather
解析：选A。考查形容词的平级比较。句意为：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我的进步如此开心。题干中的关键词是as，结合句意可知，这里是形容词please的平级比较。
2. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________.(2010·全国Ⅱ)
popular B. more popular
C. most popular D. the most popular
解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：Black先生很高兴，因为他工厂生产的服装从没像现在这样受欢迎。否定比较级相当于肯定，类似的还有too, enough。
Exercises
3. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was ______ journey. (2010·上海)
A. three hour B. a three-hours
C. a three-hour D. three hours
解析：选C。考查复合形容词。“三小时的路程”有两种表达方式：a three-hour journey和three hours’ journey。
4. ________, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.(2010·安徽)
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
解析：选D。考查形容词作状语。句意为：愉快与乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。 shy and cautious害羞而小心的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感而多虑的；honest and confident诚实而自信的；lighthearted and optimistic豁达而乐观的。
5. Drunk driving, which was once a _______ occurrence, is now under control.(2010·福建)
A. general B. frequent C. normal D. particular
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：曾经一度常发事故的醉酒驾车现在已经被控制了。frequent频繁的；general一般的；normal正常的； particular特别的，特定的。
6. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely ______ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(2010·湖北)
A. private B. personal C. unique D. different
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：在这次演讲里，关于我们怎样尽情生活我只能给你（们）纯粹的个人观点，并就未来提一些建议。private私人的，私有的；personal个人的；unique唯一的，独特的；different不同的。
7. Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes _______.(2010·湖北)
A. favourable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile
解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。句意为：犯错并没有发生；犯错是有原因的。弄清楚犯错的原因，那么犯错就是值得的。favourable赞成的，有利的；precious宝贵的，贵重的；essential本质的，实质的；worthwhile值得做的。
8. If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my ______ reaction will be to tell the police.(2010·湖北)
A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudden
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：如果我发现某人看起来像嫌疑犯，我马上采取的行动就是告诉警察。physical身体的，物理的；immediate立即的；sensitive敏感的，灵敏的；sudden突然的，意外的。
9. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _______ and more ________, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.(2010·江西)
A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficient
C. easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently
解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：尽管计算机和手机确实使我们的生活变得更有效率了，但是也降低了面对面交流的需求。make +life+形容词，而且后面为比较级，符合语境。
10. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _______ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010·山东)
A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex
解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy沉重的； smooth光滑的，滑顺的； complex复杂的，难懂的。
11. Studies show that people are more _______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010·陕西)
A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure
解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人的背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”的意思。
12. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _______.(2010·四川)
A. small B. few C. large D. many
解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于学生的数量增长过快，所以学校从市中心地区搬出来了。the number of 意为“……的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。
13. People have always been _______ about exactly how life on earth began.(2010·天津)
A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful
解析：选A。考查形容词的意义和用法。句意为：人们一直对地球生命的起源感到好奇。根据介词about后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 对……感到好奇。
14. I have been convinced that the print media are usually more _______ and more reliable than television.(2010·浙江)
A. accurate B. ridiculous C. urgent D. shallow
解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。句意为：我确信印刷的媒体材料比电视更精确、更加可靠。accurate精确的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的；urgent紧急的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。
15. The island is ______ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.(2010·全国Ⅱ)
A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally
解析：选D。考查副词辨析。句意为：这个岛屿春秋两季气候宜人，因此，这两个季节同样迷人。partly部分地；merely只不过，仅仅；nearly几乎；equally同样地，相等地。
16. —Volunteering is becoming _______ popular in China.
—Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.(2010·福建)
A. naturally B. successfully C. splendidly D. increasingly
解析：选D。考查副词的用法。句意为：——在中国，志愿者活动正越来越受到大家的欢迎。——是的，现在人们意识到了助人即助己。increasingly越来越多地。 naturally自然地，天生地；successfully成功地；splendidly极佳地，非常好地；华丽地，辉煌地。
17. We only had ＄100 and that was______ to buy a new computer. (2010·辽宁)
A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
解析：选A。考查副词的用法。句意为：我们只有100美元，怎么也不够买一台新电脑。nowhere near是固定短语，意思是“差得远；远不及”，相当于一个形容词，enough作副词用，修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在被修饰词的后面。
18. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ______ said errors like this could be avoided.(2010·湖北)
A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly
解析：选A。考查副词辨析。句意为：我不责备任何人；我仅仅想说像这样的错误是可以避免的。merely仅仅；mostly主要地；rarely很少地；nearly几乎。
19. Do you think shopping online will ______ take the place of shopping in stores (2010·浙江)
A. especially B. frequently C. merely D. finally
解析：选D。考查副词辨析。句意为：你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗？especially特别地，尤其；frequently经常地，时常地；merely仅仅只是；finally最终，最后。
20. Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, _______ (2010·浙江)
A. though B. also C. either D. too
解析：选A。考查副词辨析。句意为：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。然会不会有危险吗？though意为“尽管，然而”，置于句尾，表示转折的含意，通常用逗号和前面内容隔开；also意为“也”，用于肯定句中；either意为“也（不）”；too意为“也”，用于肯定句中。