2013年高考语法复习——状语从句
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(共41张PPT)
状语从句
(Adverbial clause)
Identify the types of the Adverbial Clauses.
1. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( )
2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )
3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. （ ）
4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )
5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )
6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. ( )
7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )
8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( )
时间
地点
原因
目的
结果
条件
让步
方式
状 语 从 句
状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语, 又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。
状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。
状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。
主要考查：
1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较；
2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别；
3、状语从句的时态问题；
4、状语从句的倒装问题；
5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。
九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, not…until, the first/second…/last time, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than
地点状语从句 where, wherever
原因状语从句 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that
条件状语从句 if, unless, now (that), as (so) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided/providing
让步状语从句 although, though, even though/if, as, while, no matter which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whether…or；
九种常用的状语从句
及其常用的连接词
结果状语从句 so that, so…that, such…that
目的状语从句 so that, in case, for fear that, lest
方式状语从句 how, as, as if/as though
比较状语从句 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the +比较级…, the +比较级…
【考点一】考查while，when和as
①as, when引导的从句中用短暂性动词。
Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
②当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
③从句表示“随时间推移”连词可用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
④when还含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。
They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
【即学即练】单项填空
She had just finished her homework _______her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. （2009·福建）
A. when B. while C. after D. since
解析：选A。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知，主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成，引导词的意思是“这时”。
连接词when的用法小结
1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：
When the film ended, the people went back.
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
2. when可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
was doing something/was about to do sth./was on the point of doing sth.(刚要……这时突然……) when…
3. 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes .
连接词while的用法小结
1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对 比。如：Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。
连接词when, while, as的用法区别
1．while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而
when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。
如:When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用while)
2．从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。
如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3．表示“随着……”，连词用as，不用when或while。
如:As the election approached, the violence got worse.
4．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as 可互换使用。
如:When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
【考点二】考查until和till
(1)两个连词意义相同。
用于肯定句中表示“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的；
用于否定句中表示“直至某时才做某事”，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。
正确使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
He waited until/till we finished our meal.
I didn’t leave until/till/before she came back.
(2)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。
Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.
(3)否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
①not until... 在句首时，主句用倒装。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
②not until用在强调句中，构成“It is/was not until... that... ”强调句型。
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
till, until和not…until小结
1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：We waited until he came.
2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
如：He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装：
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
【考点三】考查because，since，as和for
(1)because语气最强，用来回答why的提问，放在主句的前后均可。下列情况下只能使用because：
①在回答why的问句时；
②在用于强调句型时；
③被not所否定时。
You want to know why I’m leaving. I’m leaving because I’m full.
It was because I love the job that I accepted the offer.
I didn’t like the job because I’m bad-paid.
(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些。
Since you don’t understand, I will explain it again.
(3)for的语气不及because, since, as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。
It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.
【考点四】考查 “一……就……” 结构
英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的功能。
这些词（短语）归纳起来，主要有以下几类：
①名词类：主要有the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, the day 等。
The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.
The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.
②副词类：主要有immediately, directly, instantly, once 等。
Once he arrives, we can start.
Immediately he came I told him the news.
③句型类：主要有no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when。
若将 no sooner, hardly，scarcely置于句首，则其后要用倒装语序。
We had no sooner set out than it began to rain.
=No sooner had we set out than it began to rain.
She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.
=Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.
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【考点五】考查though的用法
①though
conj. 虽然；尽管（不与but连用，但可以跟yet, still连用）；
也可用作adv. （在句尾），表示“然而”。
Though we are poor, we are still happy.
He promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.
②as/though引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。
可以把表语、状语、谓语提前。
若表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
Much as/though I like it, I don’t want to buy it.
Try as/though he might, he wouldn’t succeed.
③as though= as if；even though= even if
You sound as though/if you’ve caught a cold.
Even though/if we achieve great successes in our work, we should not be conceited.
【难点一】几种特殊句型结构的区别
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。
①The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again.
②—Did Jack come back early last night
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ______ he arrived home.
③It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
④It was some time ______ we realized the truth.
解析：下列的It句型表示的含义各不相同：
(1)“It is/was+时刻+when从句”表示“某事发生时是什么时候”。
(2)“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”表示“自从……以来有多长时间了”。
(3)“It will/would be+时间段+before 从句”表示“还要过多长时间……才……”。
(4)“It will/would not be+时间段+before 从句”表示“过不了多长时间……就会……”。
(5)“It was+时间段+before从句”表示“过了多长时间才……”。
(6)“It was not+时间段+before从句”表示“没过多长时间就……”。
所以，第①题考查的是句型：It will/would be+时间段+before 从句。第②题考查的是句型：It is/was+时刻+when从句。第③题考查的是句型：It is/has been+时间段+since从句；第④考查的是句型：It was+时间段+before从句。
before
when
since
before
8
温馨提示：注意下面两句话的含义。
It is five years since I lived in Jinan.自从我不住在济南以来已经5年了。
It is five years since I began to live in Jinan.自从我住在济南以来已经5年了。
【难点二】状语从句中的时态
用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。
①She will get married when she ______ (meet) the right man.
②We won’t climb up the mountain until rain _______________(stop).
解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。第①题从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，空白处填meets。第②题用现在完成时表示将来完成时，空白处填has stopped。
【难点三】only if和if only
用only if或if only完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。
① _____________you study hard, you will pass the test.
②_____________ I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.
解析：only if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”；
if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿……”，“要是……就好了”。所以第①题填Only if，第②题If only。
meets
has stopped
Only if
If only
1、时间状语从句
问题1： Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed. （03全国卷）
A．unless B．since C．although D．when
根据句意，此处只能为时间状语从句，故答案为D。
unless 引导条件状语从句，意为“除非”；although 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；since 虽引导时间状语从句，但意思为“从…以来”，这些都与题意无关。引导时间状语的引导词很多，复习when 时要注意比较它与while 与 as 的区别。
D
when, while, as 三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间及从句的动词。
while 表时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；
when 表时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；
as 表时间，与when 相似，但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行，可用延续性动词的一般过去式表过去进行时。
when, while 后还可以接分词短语。
when 作并列连词，表示一个动作在发生时，另一个动作接着发生，这时就不能用while、as。
I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder.
while 作并列连词，表示两种情况对比。
He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.
问题2： Simon thought his computer was broken ________ his little
brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
（05北京春季）
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
A
until / till “直到……止”(肯定句，主句是延续性动词);
not…until “直到……才”(否定句，主句是终止性动词);
until 可用于倒装句和强调句，till不用于句首。
Not until I returned did she finish her homework.
It was not until I returned home that she finished her homework.
问题3： 1、The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the
North won in the end. (05广东卷)
A. after B. before C. when D. then
2、He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation
______ it got worse. （03北京）
A. until B. when C. before D. as
B
before 从句是高考中的一大热点，从时间概念上不难作出判断。注意它的翻译：在肯定句中一般翻译成
“…（主句的动作）才…（从句的动作）”，如题1；
或“还没有…（从句的动作）就…（主句的动作）”，如题2。
C
连接词before的小结
一、含义
1． We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
2． We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
3． Please write it down before you forget it.
4． Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
二．Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
三．
1）句型It will be/was＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”如：It will be two years before he leaves the country.
2）句型It will be/was＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……”。如： It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
3）句型It is＋段时间＋since…时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：
It is three years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有三年了。
It is three years since he lived here.
“……才”
“不到……就”
“趁……”
“还没来得及”
问题4： — Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
— Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her. （01北京春季）
A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once
B
the time（当……的时刻）, the moment / minute / second / instant (一… 就… ), next time (下次), the first time(第一次…的时候), the last time (上次…的时候)，immediately（一…就…）, instantly（一…就…）, directly（一…就…）等词或词组可引导表示时间的状语从句；
还有一些表示习惯性动作的词如：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等也可引导表示时间的状语从句。
小 结
1．一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。
I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.
2．一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead.
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
2、条件状语从句
问题1：
1、The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国）
A．as long as B．while C．if D．even though
2、 It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you
won’t keep good health. （05重庆卷）
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
C
A
unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非…”“如果不…就…”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。
问题2：
1、_____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep
away from the danger. （04北京春季）
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
2、I always take something to read when I go to the
doctor’s ________ I have to wait. （05全国卷3）
A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
B
A
as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，
as long as 表示“只要…”，
as far as 表示“就…而论（而言）”。
题1根据题意应该选用B。
in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。
3、让步状语从句
问题1：
1、 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the
person. （04江苏）
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they
are different from your own. (05湖南卷）(B)
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
A
B
while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。
问题2：
1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was.
（05天津卷）
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
2、The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. （05浙江）
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever
A
B
no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：
no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。
如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：
Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt.
Whoever can help us will be welcome
4. 状语从句的时态问题
问题1：
1、The house could fall down soon if no one______ some
quick repair work. （04全国IV）
A has done B is doing C does D had done
2、It is almost five years _______ we saw each other last time.
（05北京春季）
A. before B. since C. after D. when
在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。
在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。
C
B
5、状语从句的倒装问题
问题1：
1、So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country
that I determined to learn English. (01 上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
2、Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the
pollution was. (95 NMET)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：
① 否定词开头；
② so 加 adj. 开头；
③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。
D
A
特别注意：
Hardly … when …
No sooner … than …
Child as he is, …
Hardly had he got to the station when the train left.
No sooner had he got to the station than the train left.
Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.
6、状语从句与并列句的区别
问题1：
1、Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as hard as a
young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _________ I have some news
for you. (NMET02)
A. so B. and C. but D. yet
题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。
题2为并列句，而“Excuse …, but …”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。
A
C
1. Mary made coffee _____her guests were finishing their meal. (2010·全国Ⅰ)
A. so that B. although C. while D. as if
解析：选C。句意为：当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候，Mary做了咖啡。so that以便，表示目的；although尽管，虽然，表让步；as if好像，while当……的时候。
2. The little boy won’t go to sleep _______ his mother tells him a story. (2010·全国Ⅰ)
A. or B. unless C. but D. whether
解析：选B。句意为：这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。or或者，表示选择；unless除非，表示条件；but但是，表示转折；whether是否。根据句意选择B。
Exercises
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3. _______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. (2010·上海)
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
解析：选C。句意为：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。however表示让步时其顺序应是：however+形容词+主语+谓语。however作连接副词，相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，意为“无论、不管” ，引导让步状语从句。
4. _____ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. (2010·上海)
A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After
解析：选B。句意为：除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。unless除非等于if not。
5. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives, ______ they have the interest. (2010·安徽)
A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if
解析：选C。句意为：工程师们非常繁忙，即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。
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6. Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one ______ it becomes available. (2010·安徽)
A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until
解析：选A。句意为：暂时先用这间房子，我们一有大的就给你换。as soon as一……就……，符合语境。
7. Tim is in good shape physically ______ he doesn’t get much exercise. (2010·湖南)
A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as
解析：选B。考查连词。句意为：Tim身材很好，尽管他不怎么锻炼。
8. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2010·辽宁)
A. although B. unless C. because D. if
解析：选C。句意为：这位老人叫Lucy挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。although引导让步状语从句，unless和if引导条件状语从句。
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9. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _____ accompanied by an adult. (2010·山东)
once B. when C. if D. unless
解析：选D。句意为：学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。
10. John thinks it won’t be long _____ he is ready for his new job. (2010·陕西)
A. when B. after C. before D. since
解析：选C。考查状语从句。“It（will）be+时间段+状语从句”是固定句型，意思是：过多久才……。
11. —When shall we restart our business
—Not until we ______ our plan. (2010·四川)
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished
解析：选D。句意为：——我们的生意何时重新开张？——直到完成我们的计划。在时间状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时。
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12. Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break ______ she got to her office. (2010·四川)
A. since B. that C. when D. until
解析：选C。句意为：因为交通堵塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。此处应为when引导的时间状语从句。
13. Today, we will begin ______ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. (2010·重庆)
A. when B. where C. how D. what
解析：选B。句意为：今天，为了不遗漏要点，我们从昨天结束的地方开始。where 引导地点状语从句。
14. How long do you think it will be ______ we finish this dictionary (2010·山东省5月高考模拟考试)
A. after B. before C. when D. since
解析：选B。“It will (not) be/ was(not) +时间+before +从句”是固定句型，表示“过多长时间或过不了多长时间就……”。
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15. _______ the news, so far, has been good, there may be bad days ahead. (2010·山东省济南市高三第二次模拟考试)
A. When B. While C. If D. As
解析：选B。句意为：尽管到目前为止这个消息是好的，但前面可能有糟糕的时候。while表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。
16. How can you expect your children to be truthful ______ you yourself tell lies. (2010·潍坊市5月高三适应性训练)
A. when B. unless C. though D. while
解析：选A。句意为：既然你都撒谎，又怎么期待你的孩子们诚实呢？when在这里表示让步，可意为“既然”或“在……情况下”。
17. _______ it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in the cities, some people think it should be limited. (2010·临沂市5月高三模拟考试)
A. Because B. Once C. When D. While
解析：选C。句意为：当提到城市中的摩托车数量增加的时候，有人认为应该限制。when表示“当……时候”。
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18. The other day, I remember, ________ I bought the dress, I met my boss in the shopping mall. (2010·淄博市高三模拟考试)
A. when B. which C. that D. where
解析：选A。句意为：我记得前几天，我买这条裙子时在商场里遇到了老板。此处when引导时间状语从句。
19. You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood. (2010·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
解析：选B。句意为：从我们站的那个地方你可以清楚地看到选手。where引导地点状语从句。
20. —How long have Mr.White and his wife been married
—It’s 8 years _______ they got married.(2010·皖南八校联考)
A. since B. when C. after D. before
解析：选A。“It is /has been＋时间段＋since (did)”表示“做某事多长时间了”。
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21. (01北京春)－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
－Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
22. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
23.______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
B
C
C
24. (03北京春) －Was his father very strict with him when he was at school
－Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade.
A. after B. unless C. until D. when
25. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners’ curiosity ______ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
26. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
C
D
B
27. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
28. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
29. (06四川)－Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting
－He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
30. (05北京春) It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. because
C
C
A
B
状语从句
(Adverbial clause)
Identify the types of the Adverbial Clauses.
1. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( )
2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )
3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. （ ）
4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )
5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )
6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. ( )
7. Try as he might, he could not find a job. ( )
8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( )
时间
地点
原因
目的
结果
条件
让步
方式
状 语 从 句
状语从句在句中相当于副词作状语, 又叫副词性从句。在句子中可修饰谓语（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。
状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导。
状语从句是近几年高考试题中常见的一个重要考点。
主要考查：
1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较；
2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别；
3、状语从句的时态问题；
4、状语从句的倒装问题；
5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。
九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, not…until, the first/second…/last time, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than
地点状语从句 where, wherever
原因状语从句 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that
条件状语从句 if, unless, now (that), as (so) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided/providing
让步状语从句 although, though, even though/if, as, while, no matter which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whether…or；
九种常用的状语从句
及其常用的连接词
结果状语从句 so that, so…that, such…that
目的状语从句 so that, in case, for fear that, lest
方式状语从句 how, as, as if/as though
比较状语从句 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the +比较级…, the +比较级…
【考点一】考查while，when和as
①as, when引导的从句中用短暂性动词。
Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
②当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
③从句表示“随时间推移”连词可用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
④when还含有“at that moment”的意思（= and then），引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while来替换。
They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
【即学即练】单项填空
She had just finished her homework _______her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. （2009·福建）
A. when B. while C. after D. since
解析：选A。考查状语从句。根据主从句的动词时态可知，主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成，引导词的意思是“这时”。
连接词when的用法小结
1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：
When the film ended, the people went back.
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
2. when可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
was doing something/was about to do sth./was on the point of doing sth.(刚要……这时突然……) when…
3. 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes .
连接词while的用法小结
1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对 比。如：Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。
连接词when, while, as的用法区别
1．while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而
when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。
如:When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用while)
2．从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。
如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3．表示“随着……”，连词用as，不用when或while。
如:As the election approached, the violence got worse.
4．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as 可互换使用。
如:When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
【考点二】考查until和till
(1)两个连词意义相同。
用于肯定句中表示“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的；
用于否定句中表示“直至某时才做某事”，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。
正确使用这两个连词的关键在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
He waited until/till we finished our meal.
I didn’t leave until/till/before she came back.
(2)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。
Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.
(3)否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
①not until... 在句首时，主句用倒装。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
②not until用在强调句中，构成“It is/was not until... that... ”强调句型。
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
till, until和not…until小结
1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：We waited until he came.
2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。
如：He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装：
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
【考点三】考查because，since，as和for
(1)because语气最强，用来回答why的提问，放在主句的前后均可。下列情况下只能使用because：
①在回答why的问句时；
②在用于强调句型时；
③被not所否定时。
You want to know why I’m leaving. I’m leaving because I’m full.
It was because I love the job that I accepted the offer.
I didn’t like the job because I’m bad-paid.
(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些。
Since you don’t understand, I will explain it again.
(3)for的语气不及because, since, as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。
It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.
【考点四】考查 “一……就……” 结构
英语中有许多词和短语可用来引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，它们虽不是连词，但具有连词的功能。
这些词（短语）归纳起来，主要有以下几类：
①名词类：主要有the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, the day 等。
The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope.
The instant he opened the door he saw the thief.
②副词类：主要有immediately, directly, instantly, once 等。
Once he arrives, we can start.
Immediately he came I told him the news.
③句型类：主要有no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when。
若将 no sooner, hardly，scarcely置于句首，则其后要用倒装语序。
We had no sooner set out than it began to rain.
=No sooner had we set out than it began to rain.
She had hardly arrived when it began to snow.
=Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow.
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【考点五】考查though的用法
①though
conj. 虽然；尽管（不与but连用，但可以跟yet, still连用）；
也可用作adv. （在句尾），表示“然而”。
Though we are poor, we are still happy.
He promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.
②as/though引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装。
可以把表语、状语、谓语提前。
若表语是名词时，名词前常省略冠词。
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
Much as/though I like it, I don’t want to buy it.
Try as/though he might, he wouldn’t succeed.
③as though= as if；even though= even if
You sound as though/if you’ve caught a cold.
Even though/if we achieve great successes in our work, we should not be conceited.
【难点一】几种特殊句型结构的区别
用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。
①The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again.
②—Did Jack come back early last night
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ______ he arrived home.
③It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
④It was some time ______ we realized the truth.
解析：下列的It句型表示的含义各不相同：
(1)“It is/was+时刻+when从句”表示“某事发生时是什么时候”。
(2)“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”表示“自从……以来有多长时间了”。
(3)“It will/would be+时间段+before 从句”表示“还要过多长时间……才……”。
(4)“It will/would not be+时间段+before 从句”表示“过不了多长时间……就会……”。
(5)“It was+时间段+before从句”表示“过了多长时间才……”。
(6)“It was not+时间段+before从句”表示“没过多长时间就……”。
所以，第①题考查的是句型：It will/would be+时间段+before 从句。第②题考查的是句型：It is/was+时刻+when从句。第③题考查的是句型：It is/has been+时间段+since从句；第④考查的是句型：It was+时间段+before从句。
before
when
since
before
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温馨提示：注意下面两句话的含义。
It is five years since I lived in Jinan.自从我不住在济南以来已经5年了。
It is five years since I began to live in Jinan.自从我住在济南以来已经5年了。
【难点二】状语从句中的时态
用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。
①She will get married when she ______ (meet) the right man.
②We won’t climb up the mountain until rain _______________(stop).
解析：时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。第①题从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，空白处填meets。第②题用现在完成时表示将来完成时，空白处填has stopped。
【难点三】only if和if only
用only if或if only完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。
① _____________you study hard, you will pass the test.
②_____________ I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.
解析：only if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”；
if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿……”，“要是……就好了”。所以第①题填Only if，第②题If only。
meets
has stopped
Only if
If only
1、时间状语从句
问题1： Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed. （03全国卷）
A．unless B．since C．although D．when
根据句意，此处只能为时间状语从句，故答案为D。
unless 引导条件状语从句，意为“除非”；although 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；since 虽引导时间状语从句，但意思为“从…以来”，这些都与题意无关。引导时间状语的引导词很多，复习when 时要注意比较它与while 与 as 的区别。
D
when, while, as 三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间及从句的动词。
while 表时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；
when 表时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；
as 表时间，与when 相似，但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行，可用延续性动词的一般过去式表过去进行时。
when, while 后还可以接分词短语。
when 作并列连词，表示一个动作在发生时，另一个动作接着发生，这时就不能用while、as。
I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder.
while 作并列连词，表示两种情况对比。
He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.
问题2： Simon thought his computer was broken ________ his little
brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
（05北京春季）
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
A
until / till “直到……止”(肯定句，主句是延续性动词);
not…until “直到……才”(否定句，主句是终止性动词);
until 可用于倒装句和强调句，till不用于句首。
Not until I returned did she finish her homework.
It was not until I returned home that she finished her homework.
问题3： 1、The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the
North won in the end. (05广东卷)
A. after B. before C. when D. then
2、He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation
______ it got worse. （03北京）
A. until B. when C. before D. as
B
before 从句是高考中的一大热点，从时间概念上不难作出判断。注意它的翻译：在肯定句中一般翻译成
“…（主句的动作）才…（从句的动作）”，如题1；
或“还没有…（从句的动作）就…（主句的动作）”，如题2。
C
连接词before的小结
一、含义
1． We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
2． We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
3． Please write it down before you forget it.
4． Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
二．Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
三．
1）句型It will be/was＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”如：It will be two years before he leaves the country.
2）句型It will be/was＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……”。如： It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
3）句型It is＋段时间＋since…时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：
It is three years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有三年了。
It is three years since he lived here.
“……才”
“不到……就”
“趁……”
“还没来得及”
问题4： — Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
— Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her. （01北京春季）
A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once
B
the time（当……的时刻）, the moment / minute / second / instant (一… 就… ), next time (下次), the first time(第一次…的时候), the last time (上次…的时候)，immediately（一…就…）, instantly（一…就…）, directly（一…就…）等词或词组可引导表示时间的状语从句；
还有一些表示习惯性动作的词如：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等也可引导表示时间的状语从句。
小 结
1．一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。
I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.
2．一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。
The day he returned home, his father was already dead.
Next time you come, please bring your composition.
3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
2、条件状语从句
问题1：
1、The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国）
A．as long as B．while C．if D．even though
2、 It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you
won’t keep good health. （05重庆卷）
A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if
C
A
unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非…”“如果不…就…”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。
问题2：
1、_____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep
away from the danger. （04北京春季）
A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if
2、I always take something to read when I go to the
doctor’s ________ I have to wait. （05全国卷3）
A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
B
A
as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，
as long as 表示“只要…”，
as far as 表示“就…而论（而言）”。
题1根据题意应该选用B。
in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。
3、让步状语从句
问题1：
1、 _____ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the
person. （04江苏）
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they
are different from your own. (05湖南卷）(B)
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
A
B
while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。
问题2：
1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, ___ difficult it was.
（05天津卷）
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although
2、The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. （05浙江）
A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．wherever
A
B
no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：
no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。
如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：
Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt.
Whoever can help us will be welcome
4. 状语从句的时态问题
问题1：
1、The house could fall down soon if no one______ some
quick repair work. （04全国IV）
A has done B is doing C does D had done
2、It is almost five years _______ we saw each other last time.
（05北京春季）
A. before B. since C. after D. when
在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。
在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。
C
B
5、状语从句的倒装问题
问题1：
1、So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country
that I determined to learn English. (01 上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
2、Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the
pollution was. (95 NMET)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：
① 否定词开头；
② so 加 adj. 开头；
③ as / though引导的让步状语从句。
D
A
特别注意：
Hardly … when …
No sooner … than …
Child as he is, …
Hardly had he got to the station when the train left.
No sooner had he got to the station than the train left.
Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.
6、状语从句与并列句的区别
问题1：
1、Though he is in his sixties, ______ he works as hard as a
young man
A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet
2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _________ I have some news
for you. (NMET02)
A. so B. and C. but D. yet
题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。
题2为并列句，而“Excuse …, but …”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。
A
C
1. Mary made coffee _____her guests were finishing their meal. (2010·全国Ⅰ)
A. so that B. although C. while D. as if
解析：选C。句意为：当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候，Mary做了咖啡。so that以便，表示目的；although尽管，虽然，表让步；as if好像，while当……的时候。
2. The little boy won’t go to sleep _______ his mother tells him a story. (2010·全国Ⅰ)
A. or B. unless C. but D. whether
解析：选B。句意为：这个小男孩儿不睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。or或者，表示选择；unless除非，表示条件；but但是，表示转折；whether是否。根据句意选择B。
Exercises
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3. _______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. (2010·上海)
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
解析：选C。句意为：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。however表示让步时其顺序应是：however+形容词+主语+谓语。however作连接副词，相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，意为“无论、不管” ，引导让步状语从句。
4. _____ our manager objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. (2010·上海)
A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After
解析：选B。句意为：除非我们经理反对Tom加入俱乐部，不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。unless除非等于if not。
5. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives, ______ they have the interest. (2010·安徽)
A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if
解析：选C。句意为：工程师们非常繁忙，即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。
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6. Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one ______ it becomes available. (2010·安徽)
A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until
解析：选A。句意为：暂时先用这间房子，我们一有大的就给你换。as soon as一……就……，符合语境。
7. Tim is in good shape physically ______ he doesn’t get much exercise. (2010·湖南)
A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as
解析：选B。考查连词。句意为：Tim身材很好，尽管他不怎么锻炼。
8. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2010·辽宁)
A. although B. unless C. because D. if
解析：选C。句意为：这位老人叫Lucy挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。although引导让步状语从句，unless和if引导条件状语从句。
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9. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _____ accompanied by an adult. (2010·山东)
once B. when C. if D. unless
解析：选D。句意为：学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。
10. John thinks it won’t be long _____ he is ready for his new job. (2010·陕西)
A. when B. after C. before D. since
解析：选C。考查状语从句。“It（will）be+时间段+状语从句”是固定句型，意思是：过多久才……。
11. —When shall we restart our business
—Not until we ______ our plan. (2010·四川)
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished
解析：选D。句意为：——我们的生意何时重新开张？——直到完成我们的计划。在时间状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表示将来，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。此处为until引导的时间状语从句，故用现在完成时。
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12. Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break ______ she got to her office. (2010·四川)
A. since B. that C. when D. until
解析：选C。句意为：因为交通堵塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。此处应为when引导的时间状语从句。
13. Today, we will begin ______ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. (2010·重庆)
A. when B. where C. how D. what
解析：选B。句意为：今天，为了不遗漏要点，我们从昨天结束的地方开始。where 引导地点状语从句。
14. How long do you think it will be ______ we finish this dictionary (2010·山东省5月高考模拟考试)
A. after B. before C. when D. since
解析：选B。“It will (not) be/ was(not) +时间+before +从句”是固定句型，表示“过多长时间或过不了多长时间就……”。
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15. _______ the news, so far, has been good, there may be bad days ahead. (2010·山东省济南市高三第二次模拟考试)
A. When B. While C. If D. As
解析：选B。句意为：尽管到目前为止这个消息是好的，但前面可能有糟糕的时候。while表示“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。
16. How can you expect your children to be truthful ______ you yourself tell lies. (2010·潍坊市5月高三适应性训练)
A. when B. unless C. though D. while
解析：选A。句意为：既然你都撒谎，又怎么期待你的孩子们诚实呢？when在这里表示让步，可意为“既然”或“在……情况下”。
17. _______ it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in the cities, some people think it should be limited. (2010·临沂市5月高三模拟考试)
A. Because B. Once C. When D. While
解析：选C。句意为：当提到城市中的摩托车数量增加的时候，有人认为应该限制。when表示“当……时候”。
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18. The other day, I remember, ________ I bought the dress, I met my boss in the shopping mall. (2010·淄博市高三模拟考试)
A. when B. which C. that D. where
解析：选A。句意为：我记得前几天，我买这条裙子时在商场里遇到了老板。此处when引导时间状语从句。
19. You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood. (2010·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
解析：选B。句意为：从我们站的那个地方你可以清楚地看到选手。where引导地点状语从句。
20. —How long have Mr.White and his wife been married
—It’s 8 years _______ they got married.(2010·皖南八校联考)
A. since B. when C. after D. before
解析：选A。“It is /has been＋时间段＋since (did)”表示“做某事多长时间了”。
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21. (01北京春)－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her
－Yes. I gave it to her ______ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
22. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
23.______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.
A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had
B
C
C
24. (03北京春) －Was his father very strict with him when he was at school
－Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade.
A. after B. unless C. until D. when
25. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners’ curiosity ______ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
26. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses ______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
C
D
B
27. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A. until B. when C. before D. as
28. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
29. (06四川)－Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting
－He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
30. (05北京春) It is almost five years ______ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. because
C
C
A
B