2013年高考语法复习——介词及介词短语
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(共47张PPT)
高考英语语法知识
介词用法
高考英语语法知识
介词短语
介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等。在2010、2011两年全国各地高考试题中，都涉及介词的考查，对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。近几年高考对介词以及介词短语的考查主要集中在以下几点：
1.介词或介词短语辨析；
2.意义相同或相近，但使用范围不同的介词；
3.介词与某些名词、形容词和动词的各种搭配形式。
介词的用法非常普遍，它关系到句子的上下衔接，所以以后的高考题中介词仍然是一个考查热点。
技巧点拨：介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。预测今后高考对介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
专题导读
【解析】 B 句意：这家商店将关门维修，直到下次通知。考查介词辨析。until直到……时，到……为止。
1. ［2011·全国卷 Ⅱ］ This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.
A．with B．until C．for D．at
真题典例
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2. ［2011·北京卷］ With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color.
A．by B．For C．with D．in
【解析】 D 句意：利用新的科技，水下河谷的照片能被拍摄成彩色。考查介词辨析。介词in表示（手段、方法、材料）“用，以”，此处color意为“彩色”。
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3.［2011·湖北卷］ When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men.
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favor of D．in praise of
【解析】 C 句意：当被问及他们对校长的意见时，许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。考查介词短语辨析。in terms of就……而言；in need of需要；in favor of支持，赞同；in praise of表扬。根据句意可知应选C项。
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4.［2011·山东卷］ I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy________ the past couple of weeks.
A．beyond B．with C．among D．over
【解析】 D 句意：很抱歉没有给你打电话，因为在过去的几个星期我一直很忙。考查介词的用法。根据句意选over“在……其间”，后跟一段时间。beyond超出；among“在……之间”，多用于指作为一个整体的人或事物，一般不与表示时间的词连用。with与busy连用可构成be busy with sth.“忙于某事”，但其中sth.一般不是表示时间的名词或短语。故选D。
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5.［2011·安徽卷］ Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek________ food safety problem.
A．in B．to C．on D．after
【解析】 B 句意：有时食品安全问题的适当解决方法是不难找到的。考查介词辨析。本句的主语是answers to food safety problem，但是为了避免句子头重脚轻，将answer的定语放在后面。介词to 表示“属于，归于”。
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6.［2011·浙江卷］ I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ________.
A．on B．for C．by D．of
【解析】 B 句意：我总是想做我为此受过培训的工作。考查动词与介词的搭配。train on对准，瞄准；train for为……受培训，for表示目的；by表示方式或动作行为的执行者；of 表示所属关系。所以B项正确。
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【解析】 D 句意：尼克，在你开始去中国旅行前，你读些有关中国的书籍更好。考查介词用法。some books on China“有关中国的书籍”。故选D。
7.［2010·四川卷］ Nick, it’s good for you to read some books ________China before you start your trip there.
A．in B．for C．of D．on
8.［2010·天津卷］ He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects.
A．below B．of
C．on D．above
【解析】 D 句意：他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平均分以上。考查介词的用法。below average在平均分以下；of不与average搭配；on average平均；above average在平均分以上。根据句意可确定选项。
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9.［2010·重庆卷］ Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library.
A．in B．for C．by D．from
【解析】 D 句意：雪莉，一个真正爱读书的人，常常从图书馆带回很多书去读。考查介词搭配。bring home many books from the library本应放在一起，为了平衡，将to read插入其间。
10.［2010·江苏卷］ We’d better discuss everything ________before we work out the plan.
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time
【解析】 A 句意：在我们制定计划之前我们最好详细讨论一切事情。考查介词短语辨析。in detail详细地；in general一般来说，大体上；on purpose故意地；on time按时，准时。根据句意选A。
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11.［2011·福建卷］________ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A. Far from B. Apart from
C. Instead of D. Regardless of
【解析】 B 本题考查介词短语。far from远非；apart from除了……外；instead of代替；regardless of尽管。句意：除了好的服务外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的福建传统菜。
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1. He slipped and had his leg broken. ________，he will have to be away from school for two or three months.
A．In any case B．After all C．As a result D．In this way
【解析】 C 句意：他滑倒了，摔断了腿，所以他将休学两三个月。as a result 因此，作为结果；in any case 无论如何；after all毕竟；in this way以这种方式，故C项正确。
Exercises
2. I’m very grateful for your help and hope that someday I may be able to do something ________ for you.
A．in exchange B．in return C．in vain D．in particular
【解析】 B 句意：我很感谢你的帮助，希望有一天能为你做点事儿作为回报。in return 作为（对……的）回报；in exchange作为交换；in vain徒然，白费力气；in particular尤其，特别，故选B。
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3. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.________，it is important that we try.
A．Nevertheless B．In reality C．Besides D．In addition
【解析】 A 句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。尽管如此，我们的努力也是很重要的。nevertheless尽管如此；in reality事实上，实际上；besides而且；in addition此外。
4. You needn’t take a taxi to go to the station because it is ________ a walking distance here.
A．from B．within C．under D．around
【解析】 B 句意：你不必乘出租车去车站，因为从这儿走一会儿就能到。within a walking distance为固定搭配，意为“走一会儿就到”，所以B项正确。
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5. ________ her parents’ strong objection，the young girl went to work in the country.
A．Because of B．Regardless of C．Thanks to D．Due to
【解析】 B 句意：不顾父母的强烈反对，那个年轻的女孩去了农村工作。regardless of 不管，不顾；because of 由于，因为；thanks to幸亏，由于；due to 由于，因为，依句意选B。
6. I feel sure that ________qualification，ability and experience，you are suited to the position we have in mind.
A．on account of B．in terms of
C．on the basis of D．in the light of
【解析】 B 句意：我确信从资格、能力和经验来说，你适合我们心中的这个职位。in terms of就……而言；on account of 由于，因为；on the basis of 根据，在……基础上；in the light of考虑到，鉴于。B项符合句意。
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7. We should talk about the things ________the children’s understanding in a simple way.
A．over B． beyond C．above D．under
【解析】 B 句意：我们应该以一种简单的方式谈论孩子们不能理解的东西。beyond one’s understanding为固定搭配，意为“超越了某人的理解力”，再如：beyond sb.对于某人来说难以想象、理解或估计；beyond description 难以描述。
8. He is clever, but________， he makes many mistakes.
A．on the contrary B．on the other side
C．on the other hand D．on one hand
【解析】 C 句意：他很聪明，但另一方面，他犯了很多错误。on the other hand用以引出和上文对立的观点、意见等；on the contrary 正相反；on the other side在另一边；on （the） one hand一方面。
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9.—I think Jack is doing well in social work.
—I agree with you________.
A．on the way B．in the way C．by the way D．in a way
【解析】 D 句意：“我认为杰克在社会活动中表现不错。”“我在一定程度上同意你的观点。”on the way to 通往……的道路；in the way 挡道；by the way 顺便说一下；in a way 在某种程度上。
10. Luckily，traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is making a difference________ the H1N1 flu.
A．from B．of C．with D．against
【解析】 D 句意：幸运的是，传统的中药在抵抗H1N1流感中起了很大的作用。
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11. The woman pulled her hat low down ________ her eyes in order not to be recognized by the angry crowds.
A. under B. below C. on D. over
【解析】 D 考查介词辨析。over her eyes意思为“遮住她的眼睛”，故选D。
12. After the quarrel, I tried all my best to remove the misunderstanding between us, but all my efforts seemed ________.
A．in vain B．in case C．in time D．in trouble
【解析】 A 考查介词短语辨析。句意：争吵过后，我尽力去消除我们之间的误会，但是我的努力看起来都白费了。in vain意为“白费地，徒劳无益地”；in case意为“免得，以防”；in time意为“及时”；in trouble意为“处于困境”。故选A。
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13.To keep safe ________ an earthquake, you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you.
A．in search of B．in advance of
C．in terms of D．in case of
【解析】 D 考查介词短语辨析。in search of意为“寻找”；in advance of意为“在……前面，超过”；in terms of意为“就……而言”；in case of意为“万一，以防”。句意：万一地震，为了保证你的安全，你最好待在一个不会有东西掉到你身上的地方。故选D。
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介 词
介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。
介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。
①Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)
②This machine is in good condition.(表语)
③Where is the key to my bike (定语)
④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）
介词的分类————（1）从用法分类
介词类型 例词 例句
表示方位 at, before, behind, below, etc. There must be something behind it.
表示时间 about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days.
表示原因、目的 for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer.
表示对于 to, for, over, at, with, etc. The book is really difficult for me.
表示手段、方式
by, in, with, etc. I will defend the motherland with my life.
表示除去 but, besides, except, etc. We all went to the supermarket except Tom.
表示比较 as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man.
表示结果 to, with, without, etc. Man can’t live without water.
介词
分类 构成
例词
简单
介词 只有单独一个词的介词 after, at, on, in, during, since, till, across, over, through, past, near, to, above, by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around, etc.
复合
介词 由两个单词合成的介词 into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without, etc.
介词的分类————（2）从结构分类
短语
介词 形容词，分词
或副词+介词 according to, away from, down to, near to, opposite to, owing to, etc.
连词+介词 as for, as to, because of, etc.
介词+介词(又称双重介词) from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between, etc.
介词+名词+介词 by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to, etc.
其他 thanks to, etc.
由其他词类转用 分词 concerning, considering, including, regarding, etc.
形容词或副词 like, near, opposite, round, next, etc.
连词 than, but(除……之外), etc.
名词 despite(不顾；不管), etc.
重点介词的用法归纳与辨析
1、表示世纪、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the
1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June
2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on
3. 在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用 at .
till , until , to 的用法。
1）till / until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂
动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句 不用till ).
2) to 表终结常与from 连用 from … to …
from time to time from hand to hand
from door to door from house to house
表 “依次” from one + 名词＋ to another
名词 + by + 同一名词 one by one …
5. in , after , later
in + 一段时间 常用一般将来时。
after + 一段时间 = 一段时间 ＋ later 常用一般过去时。
after + 点时间 常可用各种时态。
6 . 地点介词 :
at , on , in , to , off ，across , through ，over , under ，below , above，to （ 静态 ）, towards ( 动态 ）, along
7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介词
by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段）
by (交通工具类）
by / with / in ( 方式、手段）
8. 表 “ 除… 之外 ” 的介词 besides , but ＝ except ，except for , except that …
注意：
1） 前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用but
All but one are here .
Nobody but I likes literature
2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but
He has nothing to do but wait .
3) 固定短语
have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事）
can not but do sth ＝cannot help but do sth (不得不）
but for / but that…（要不是）
9. between / among (三者以上）
10 表原因的介词：for , because of , due to , owing to ，on account of , as a result of , thanks to
11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of
12 . 兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词）after，since， till / until, before
.
【难点一】It is +adj.+ of / for sb. to do sth.
选词填空（for/of）
①It is kind _______ the teachers to help support the poor students.
②It is quite important _______ us to protect the environment.
解析：当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用介词of。常见的形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate等，此时句子可以改写为sb. + be + adj. to do sth.。所以①应选of，此句还可以改写为：The teachers are kind to help support the poor students；
而当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用介词for，常见的形容词有：important, necessary, possible等，故②应选for。
for
of
【难点二】except, besides, except for / that, but
①Your article is quite good ________several spelling mistakes.
②Nobody knew his name _____________ me.
③Some people choose jobs for other reasons ________ money these days.
④I would buy the suit, ________________ it costs too much.
⑤Who _________ a fool would do such a thing
解析：
except指从整体中除去一部分,排除或不包括在内；
besides意为“除……之外（还有）”，表示包括besides之后的内容，含有“尚有”之意；
except for 表示部分地修正主句的内容，带有一种惋惜的语气；
except that 与except for意义相同，只是except that后面接从句；
but与except意思相近, 常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等不定代词和疑问词后面。所以①选except for表示修正；②选except表示排除在外；③选besides表示“除……之外，还”；④选except that其后跟从句；⑤选but，常用于疑问词后。
注意：but前面的谓语动词是实义动词do时，后接省略“to”的不定式作宾语；反之，则后接带to的不定式作宾语。
She had no choice but to wait.
He did nothing but read a novel yesterday.
What can you do but take back what you said
except for
except
besides
except that
but
【考点一】考查with/without复合结构
介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词（现在分词或过去分词）在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.
Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
【即学即练】单项填空
①It was a pity that the great writer died _____ his works unfinished.
for B. with C. from D. of
解析：选B。考查with复合结构。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，则用现在分词表示主动。
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【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词
（1）by, in, on三词都可表示旅行的方式
①不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。
②涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。
如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。
③当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如travel to New York， in this plane，leave on an early train，go to school ，on my bike等。
注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。
如on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。
（2）with, by, in三词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。
①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
They are digging with a pick/spade.
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
②by, in, on, over, through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。
注意：
①使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如in English/Japanese；in blue ink等。
②表达“用……方法/式”时，所用介词有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。
【考点三】考查of+抽象名词的用法
“of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。
of + great / much +抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式
of + no + 抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式
It is of great value.=It is very valuable.
It is of no use.=It is useless.
The camel is of great help（=very helpful) to the Arab.
【考点四】考查表示程度的介词 by, to, beyond
by 表示“增加了……”； from表示“从……增加”；
beyond表示“范围, 限度超出”。 to表示“增加到……”
This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average incomes.
【即学即练】单项填空
②Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ______ the visiting hours.
A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
解析：选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：对不起，女士，你最好明天来，因为已经过了开放时间了。beyond（时间）晚于，迟于。
【考点五】考查介词but的固定搭配
have no choice but to do 只得做某事；
can’t help but do 不得不做……；
can’t but do 不得不只能；
can’t choose but do 只得做某事；
but for / but that 要不是……。
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【考点六】考查to one’s+情感类名词
to 与情感类名词连用，表示“某人因某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感”。常见的结构有：
to＋one’s＋delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret
＝to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.。
这种结构表示结果，用作状语，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。若要加强该结构的语气，有两种方式：①在名词前加great, deep等形容词修饰；②在整个短语前加副词greatly, much等修饰。
to＋one’s＋（great / deep) delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy…
＝much / greatly to ＋one’s＋ delight/surprise
To his disappointment, he failed again.
【考点七】考查名词与to构成的固定搭配
key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配：
the key/approach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitude to...。
It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English.
【考点八】考查介词by的用法
(1)by+地点名词。表示方位，意为“在……旁边”。
注意：表示“从……旁边经过”时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。
(2)by+时间名词，意为“到……时（已发生某事）；最晚,不迟于……,在……之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。
(3)by+名词。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。
①by + the+可数名词(时间、长度、重量等),意为“按……计算;按……买(卖)”。
②by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）,意为“按……计算，按……买(卖)”。
③by+表示交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数）,意为“通过……；由……；乘……”。
④by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数），意为“靠……；通过……；由……所致”。
⑤by+地点或工具等具体名词。表示路线、途径，意为“通过（某物、某地）；取道……”。
⑥by+动词-ing，意为“通过……；靠……；凭……”。
(4)by+数量词。
①表示升降、增减的程度。
②表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。
(5)by+身体部位/衣服类名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与catch /seize /take /hold /grab等动词连用。
It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s quicker by road.
The man entered the room by the back door.
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.
考点九：1、 表示地点时 at, in, on 的区别
1 My uncle lives _____ 116 Changhe Street. His room is ___ the sixth floor.
A. at; on B. to; at C. on; in D. of; to
Notes:
★ at 表示在较小的地方(村庄, 小城镇,门牌); 在某物旁(不确定的地方)
★ in 表示在较大的地方(国家,城市); 在某物范围内.(地点的排列顺序是由小到大.
★ on 表示在某物上(表面接触); road 前用on, street前用in; 楼层用on; farm前用on, field前用in.
on the road, in the street, on the floor, on the farm, in the field,
A
考点九：2、表示时间时 at, in, on的区别
2 The train leaves ___ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _____ 5:40 at the latest.
A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before; around
3 The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during
4 The railway was opened ____ traffic ____ April 4, 1985.
A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; on
★ at表示时间点(在几点,中午;午夜;夜里;某日期或一段时
间的开头或结尾)(at sunrise; at the weekend; at Christmas)
★ on 表示在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等
★ in 表示一段时间.后接月,年,季等表一段时间的名词.
C
C
A
考点十：表持续时间的since, for, in, after的区别
5 His father will be back from London ____ a few days.
A. since B. in C. on D. after
6 --- How long has the bookshop been in business
--- _____ 1987.
A. After B. In C. From D. Since
7 The touch they had both kept in ____ many years broke.
A. for B. on C. into D. with
★ since 接过去的某时间点, 常用于完成时.
★ for 接一段具体的时间, 常用于完成时.
★ in + 一段时间与非延续性动词连用,表一段时间以后,多
用于将来时; 与延续性动词连用,表一段时间内,时态不限.
★ after + 一段时间,常用于过去时.
B
D
A
考点十一：表方位的介词in, on, to, off的区别
8 Guangdong lies ___ the south of China and Fujian is
___ the east of it. Hainan is _____ the coast of the mainland.
A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away
★ in 表示在境内.
★ on 表示相邻或在边界上, 不在境内.
★ to 表示在境外, 不接壤.
★ off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.
B
考点十二：介词 among 和 between 的区别
He divided the sweets _____ the children who were divided ___ three groups.
A. in; in B. into; into C. between; in D. among; into
He divided the sweets ____________ L Nl, L Cl and Y Mh.
★ among 表示三个或以上的人或物之间,后接复数名词或集体名词.
★ between 用于两者之间, 或三个以上的两两之间(具体的名词已经列出)
D
between
考点十三：表示运动方向或目的的介词
9 ____ the gate and you’ll find the entrance ___ the park ___ the other side.
A. Through; to; on B. Along; of; on C. Down; to; at D. Up; of; by
10 Early ___ the morning of May 1, we started off ___ the mountain village.
A. in; for B. in; to C. on; / D. on; for
★ across 表示穿过物体表面,或横过.
★ through 表示在某一空间通过,或纵向穿过.
★ along 表示沿着一条线平行.
★ up 表示向上,由南到北,由东到西,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市. 反之则用down.
★ to 表示动作的目的地;
★ towards指朝向,无到达的意思;
★ for表示前往的目的,连用的动词有leave, start off, set out, head, sail 等.
A
D
考点十四：表示除……之外的介词
11 He usually goes to work on time _____.
A. except for raining days B. besides it rains
C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days
__________ basketball, I like playing Pingpang.
You have no choice _________ to work hard.
Li Long is a good student ________________ his laziness.
★ except for 表示除去整体中的部分, “只是, 只不过”
★ besides 表示包含, 除 ……之外还有………
★ except 表示排除, 除 ……之外
★ but 表示排除, 多与nobody, none, no one, nothing,
anything, everyone, all, who 等连用.
D
Besides
but
except for
考点十五：表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词
We are flying _______ a speed of 400kms/hr.
I bought these books ______ 5 dollars each.
I bought these books _______ 30 dollars.
He is paid _______ the week.
Eggs are sold ______ weight.
★ at 表示价值，价格, 比率或速度, 表单价.
★ for 表示交换, 指总价钱
★ by 表示度量单位或标准. 后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the.
at
at
for
by
by
1. Sean has formed the habit of jogging ______ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. (2010·上海)
A. between B. along C. below D. with
解析：选B。考查介词的用法。句意为：Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯。along沿着；顺着。
2. My father warned me _______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. (2010·天津)
A. by B. on C. for D. against
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb. against doing sth.相当于warn sb. not to do sth.，表示“警告某人不要干某事”。
3. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.(2010·四川)
in B. below C. beside D. against
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：累坏了，吉姆背靠着一棵大树，很快就睡着了。against倚着，靠着；below在……下方；beside在……旁边；in在……里面或（时间）……之后。
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Exercises
4. I agree to his suggestion ______ the condition that he drops all charges. (2010·辽宁)
A. by B. in C. on D. to
解析：选C。考查特殊连词和介词的用法。句意为：我同意他的建议，条件是他应降低所有的费用。介词on和the condition that搭配起连词作用，引导条件状语从句，意为“条件是，以……为条件”。
5. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden They are _______ everyone’s enjoyment. (2010·北京)
A. in B. at C. for D. to
解析：选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：请你不要摘花园里的花好吗？这些花儿是供大家欣赏的。for enjoyment意为“为了寻求乐趣”。for表示目的。
6. The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ________ me.(2010·重庆)
by B. for C. in D. with
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：这本字典就是我想要的，但我身上没有带足够的钱。have sth. with sb.某人随身携带某物。
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7. I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______.(2010·浙江)
A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance
解析：选C。考查含有介词的固定搭配。句意为：我估计我们之前已经谈论过这件事，但是以防万一我记错了，我再问你一次。by nature天生；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case万一，以防；by chance偶然地。
8. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.(2010·福建)
A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of
解析：选C。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：由于缺乏空间，越来越多地高层建筑兴建于大城市。for lack of由于缺乏；in search of寻找，搜寻；in place of代替；for fear of由于害怕。
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9. It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.(2010·湖北)
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
解析：选D。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：公职人员向人们索要礼品或金钱作为给人们带来恩惠的交换是非法的。in preference to优先于；in place of代替；in agreement with符合，同意；in exchange for交换。
10. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number. (2010·江西)
A. of B. as C. by D. with
解析：选C。考查介词的用法。方式方法可以用by表示，也可以用with表示。by+ n.(方式/方法)；with+修饰词+n.(工具)。by name凭名字。
11. So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is _______ ideal. We have to work still harder. （2010·江苏）
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
解析：选B。far from远远不；next to靠近；due to因为，由于; out of脱离。根据句意可知，应选B。
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12. The goals of our educational system are _______ the development of our society. (2010·潍坊市5月高三适应性训练)
A. in praise of B. in return for C. in keeping with D. in need of
解析：选C。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：教育体制的目标应该和社会的发展相符合。in keeping with 与……一致，相符。
13. After several sleepless nights, Mr. Johnson _______ a perfect solution to the financial problems of his company. (2010·福州八中质检)
A. kept up with B. put up with C. came up with D. ended up with
解析：选C。句意为：经过几个不眠之夜后，Johnson先生提出了一个非常好的解决公司财政问题的方法。come up with提出，符合句意。keep up with赶上，追上；put up with忍受，容忍；end up with以……告终。
14. ________ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. (2010·山东省青岛市高三教学质量检测)
A. In terms of B. In addition to C. In case of D. In spite of
解析：选B。考查介词短语的辨析。in addition to 除……之外；in terms of 就……方面而言；in case of 防止；in spite of 虽然，尽管。根据句意，应选B。
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15. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______ during the day.（2010·山西师大附中10月月考）
A. away B. up C. in D. back
解析：选A。考查give后面的介词搭配。句意为：一个人如果没有充足的睡眠，从他整天的活动中就能表现出来。give away放弃；泄露；分发；出卖；give up 放弃；give in 屈服，让步； give back 归还，回复。
16. The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable _______ his financial situation. (2010·临沂5月高三模拟)
A. due to B. according to C. regardless of D. in terms of
解析：选C。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：目标是让每一个有意愿和能力的人都能够接受高等教育，而不管他们的经济条件如何。due to 由于；according to 根据；regardless of 不管，不顾；in terms of 就……方面/角度而言。
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17. It is absolutely unacceptable to sacrifice people’s life and health ________ the economic development in any case.(2010·烟台市高三质量调研)
A. in hope of B. in exchange for C. in face of D. in need of
解析：选B。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：牺牲人的生命和健康来换取经济发展在任何情况下都是不能接受的。in exchange for 用……交换；in hope of 希望；in face of 面对；in need of 需要。
18. When we went boating on the lake that morning，it turned out fine, ______, very calm, without any wind. (2010·江西五校联考)
A. except B. including C. but D. besides
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：那天早上我们去划船时，天气晴朗，湖面平静无风。except表示“除……之外”；including表示“包括”；but表示“除……之外”，通常位于不定代词后；besides表示“除……之外还有……”/ 而且/此外。
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19. Marie Curie took little notice _______ the honors that were given to her in her later years. （2010·浙江温州中学高三下4月月考）
A. of B. at C. to D. from
解析：选A。take notice of 注意到，为固定搭配。
20. Our city is more open to the outside and ranks No.2 in the country ________ the level of internationalization.(2010·安徽示范性高中联考)
A. in honor of B. in terms of
C. in place of D. in charge of
解析：选B。考查介词短语的辨析。in terms of 在……方面，就……而言；in honor of 向……表示敬意；in place of 取代；in charge of 负责。根据句意可知，应选B。
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Good-bye!
高考英语语法知识
介词用法
高考英语语法知识
介词短语
介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等。在2010、2011两年全国各地高考试题中，都涉及介词的考查，对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。近几年高考对介词以及介词短语的考查主要集中在以下几点：
1.介词或介词短语辨析；
2.意义相同或相近，但使用范围不同的介词；
3.介词与某些名词、形容词和动词的各种搭配形式。
介词的用法非常普遍，它关系到句子的上下衔接，所以以后的高考题中介词仍然是一个考查热点。
技巧点拨：介词是英语中比较活跃的词，中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。预测今后高考对介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
专题导读
【解析】 B 句意：这家商店将关门维修，直到下次通知。考查介词辨析。until直到……时，到……为止。
1. ［2011·全国卷 Ⅱ］ This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.
A．with B．until C．for D．at
真题典例
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2. ［2011·北京卷］ With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ________ color.
A．by B．For C．with D．in
【解析】 D 句意：利用新的科技，水下河谷的照片能被拍摄成彩色。考查介词辨析。介词in表示（手段、方法、材料）“用，以”，此处color意为“彩色”。
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3.［2011·湖北卷］ When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men.
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favor of D．in praise of
【解析】 C 句意：当被问及他们对校长的意见时，许多老师都希望看到他让位给年轻人。考查介词短语辨析。in terms of就……而言；in need of需要；in favor of支持，赞同；in praise of表扬。根据句意可知应选C项。
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4.［2011·山东卷］ I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy________ the past couple of weeks.
A．beyond B．with C．among D．over
【解析】 D 句意：很抱歉没有给你打电话，因为在过去的几个星期我一直很忙。考查介词的用法。根据句意选over“在……其间”，后跟一段时间。beyond超出；among“在……之间”，多用于指作为一个整体的人或事物，一般不与表示时间的词连用。with与busy连用可构成be busy with sth.“忙于某事”，但其中sth.一般不是表示时间的名词或短语。故选D。
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5.［2011·安徽卷］ Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek________ food safety problem.
A．in B．to C．on D．after
【解析】 B 句意：有时食品安全问题的适当解决方法是不难找到的。考查介词辨析。本句的主语是answers to food safety problem，但是为了避免句子头重脚轻，将answer的定语放在后面。介词to 表示“属于，归于”。
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6.［2011·浙江卷］ I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ________.
A．on B．for C．by D．of
【解析】 B 句意：我总是想做我为此受过培训的工作。考查动词与介词的搭配。train on对准，瞄准；train for为……受培训，for表示目的；by表示方式或动作行为的执行者；of 表示所属关系。所以B项正确。
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【解析】 D 句意：尼克，在你开始去中国旅行前，你读些有关中国的书籍更好。考查介词用法。some books on China“有关中国的书籍”。故选D。
7.［2010·四川卷］ Nick, it’s good for you to read some books ________China before you start your trip there.
A．in B．for C．of D．on
8.［2010·天津卷］ He was a good student and scored ________ average in most subjects.
A．below B．of
C．on D．above
【解析】 D 句意：他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平均分以上。考查介词的用法。below average在平均分以下；of不与average搭配；on average平均；above average在平均分以上。根据句意可确定选项。
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9.［2010·重庆卷］ Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read ________ the library.
A．in B．for C．by D．from
【解析】 D 句意：雪莉，一个真正爱读书的人，常常从图书馆带回很多书去读。考查介词搭配。bring home many books from the library本应放在一起，为了平衡，将to read插入其间。
10.［2010·江苏卷］ We’d better discuss everything ________before we work out the plan.
A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time
【解析】 A 句意：在我们制定计划之前我们最好详细讨论一切事情。考查介词短语辨析。in detail详细地；in general一般来说，大体上；on purpose故意地；on time按时，准时。根据句意选A。
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11.［2011·福建卷］________ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A. Far from B. Apart from
C. Instead of D. Regardless of
【解析】 B 本题考查介词短语。far from远非；apart from除了……外；instead of代替；regardless of尽管。句意：除了好的服务外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的福建传统菜。
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1. He slipped and had his leg broken. ________，he will have to be away from school for two or three months.
A．In any case B．After all C．As a result D．In this way
【解析】 C 句意：他滑倒了，摔断了腿，所以他将休学两三个月。as a result 因此，作为结果；in any case 无论如何；after all毕竟；in this way以这种方式，故C项正确。
Exercises
2. I’m very grateful for your help and hope that someday I may be able to do something ________ for you.
A．in exchange B．in return C．in vain D．in particular
【解析】 B 句意：我很感谢你的帮助，希望有一天能为你做点事儿作为回报。in return 作为（对……的）回报；in exchange作为交换；in vain徒然，白费力气；in particular尤其，特别，故选B。
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3. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.________，it is important that we try.
A．Nevertheless B．In reality C．Besides D．In addition
【解析】 A 句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。尽管如此，我们的努力也是很重要的。nevertheless尽管如此；in reality事实上，实际上；besides而且；in addition此外。
4. You needn’t take a taxi to go to the station because it is ________ a walking distance here.
A．from B．within C．under D．around
【解析】 B 句意：你不必乘出租车去车站，因为从这儿走一会儿就能到。within a walking distance为固定搭配，意为“走一会儿就到”，所以B项正确。
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5. ________ her parents’ strong objection，the young girl went to work in the country.
A．Because of B．Regardless of C．Thanks to D．Due to
【解析】 B 句意：不顾父母的强烈反对，那个年轻的女孩去了农村工作。regardless of 不管，不顾；because of 由于，因为；thanks to幸亏，由于；due to 由于，因为，依句意选B。
6. I feel sure that ________qualification，ability and experience，you are suited to the position we have in mind.
A．on account of B．in terms of
C．on the basis of D．in the light of
【解析】 B 句意：我确信从资格、能力和经验来说，你适合我们心中的这个职位。in terms of就……而言；on account of 由于，因为；on the basis of 根据，在……基础上；in the light of考虑到，鉴于。B项符合句意。
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7. We should talk about the things ________the children’s understanding in a simple way.
A．over B． beyond C．above D．under
【解析】 B 句意：我们应该以一种简单的方式谈论孩子们不能理解的东西。beyond one’s understanding为固定搭配，意为“超越了某人的理解力”，再如：beyond sb.对于某人来说难以想象、理解或估计；beyond description 难以描述。
8. He is clever, but________， he makes many mistakes.
A．on the contrary B．on the other side
C．on the other hand D．on one hand
【解析】 C 句意：他很聪明，但另一方面，他犯了很多错误。on the other hand用以引出和上文对立的观点、意见等；on the contrary 正相反；on the other side在另一边；on （the） one hand一方面。
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9.—I think Jack is doing well in social work.
—I agree with you________.
A．on the way B．in the way C．by the way D．in a way
【解析】 D 句意：“我认为杰克在社会活动中表现不错。”“我在一定程度上同意你的观点。”on the way to 通往……的道路；in the way 挡道；by the way 顺便说一下；in a way 在某种程度上。
10. Luckily，traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is making a difference________ the H1N1 flu.
A．from B．of C．with D．against
【解析】 D 句意：幸运的是，传统的中药在抵抗H1N1流感中起了很大的作用。
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11. The woman pulled her hat low down ________ her eyes in order not to be recognized by the angry crowds.
A. under B. below C. on D. over
【解析】 D 考查介词辨析。over her eyes意思为“遮住她的眼睛”，故选D。
12. After the quarrel, I tried all my best to remove the misunderstanding between us, but all my efforts seemed ________.
A．in vain B．in case C．in time D．in trouble
【解析】 A 考查介词短语辨析。句意：争吵过后，我尽力去消除我们之间的误会，但是我的努力看起来都白费了。in vain意为“白费地，徒劳无益地”；in case意为“免得，以防”；in time意为“及时”；in trouble意为“处于困境”。故选A。
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13.To keep safe ________ an earthquake, you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you.
A．in search of B．in advance of
C．in terms of D．in case of
【解析】 D 考查介词短语辨析。in search of意为“寻找”；in advance of意为“在……前面，超过”；in terms of意为“就……而言”；in case of意为“万一，以防”。句意：万一地震，为了保证你的安全，你最好待在一个不会有东西掉到你身上的地方。故选D。
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介 词
介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。
介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。
①Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)
②This machine is in good condition.(表语)
③Where is the key to my bike (定语)
④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补）
介词的分类————（1）从用法分类
介词类型 例词 例句
表示方位 at, before, behind, below, etc. There must be something behind it.
表示时间 about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days.
表示原因、目的 for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer.
表示对于 to, for, over, at, with, etc. The book is really difficult for me.
表示手段、方式
by, in, with, etc. I will defend the motherland with my life.
表示除去 but, besides, except, etc. We all went to the supermarket except Tom.
表示比较 as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man.
表示结果 to, with, without, etc. Man can’t live without water.
介词
分类 构成
例词
简单
介词 只有单独一个词的介词 after, at, on, in, during, since, till, across, over, through, past, near, to, above, by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around, etc.
复合
介词 由两个单词合成的介词 into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without, etc.
介词的分类————（2）从结构分类
短语
介词 形容词，分词
或副词+介词 according to, away from, down to, near to, opposite to, owing to, etc.
连词+介词 as for, as to, because of, etc.
介词+介词(又称双重介词) from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between, etc.
介词+名词+介词 by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to, etc.
其他 thanks to, etc.
由其他词类转用 分词 concerning, considering, including, regarding, etc.
形容词或副词 like, near, opposite, round, next, etc.
连词 than, but(除……之外), etc.
名词 despite(不顾；不管), etc.
重点介词的用法归纳与辨析
1、表示世纪、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the
1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June
2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on
3. 在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用 at .
till , until , to 的用法。
1）till / until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂
动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句 不用till ).
2) to 表终结常与from 连用 from … to …
from time to time from hand to hand
from door to door from house to house
表 “依次” from one + 名词＋ to another
名词 + by + 同一名词 one by one …
5. in , after , later
in + 一段时间 常用一般将来时。
after + 一段时间 = 一段时间 ＋ later 常用一般过去时。
after + 点时间 常可用各种时态。
6 . 地点介词 :
at , on , in , to , off ，across , through ，over , under ，below , above，to （ 静态 ）, towards ( 动态 ）, along
7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介词
by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段）
by (交通工具类）
by / with / in ( 方式、手段）
8. 表 “ 除… 之外 ” 的介词 besides , but ＝ except ，except for , except that …
注意：
1） 前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用but
All but one are here .
Nobody but I likes literature
2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but
He has nothing to do but wait .
3) 固定短语
have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事）
can not but do sth ＝cannot help but do sth (不得不）
but for / but that…（要不是）
9. between / among (三者以上）
10 表原因的介词：for , because of , due to , owing to ，on account of , as a result of , thanks to
11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of
12 . 兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词）after，since， till / until, before
.
【难点一】It is +adj.+ of / for sb. to do sth.
选词填空（for/of）
①It is kind _______ the teachers to help support the poor students.
②It is quite important _______ us to protect the environment.
解析：当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用介词of。常见的形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate等，此时句子可以改写为sb. + be + adj. to do sth.。所以①应选of，此句还可以改写为：The teachers are kind to help support the poor students；
而当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用介词for，常见的形容词有：important, necessary, possible等，故②应选for。
for
of
【难点二】except, besides, except for / that, but
①Your article is quite good ________several spelling mistakes.
②Nobody knew his name _____________ me.
③Some people choose jobs for other reasons ________ money these days.
④I would buy the suit, ________________ it costs too much.
⑤Who _________ a fool would do such a thing
解析：
except指从整体中除去一部分,排除或不包括在内；
besides意为“除……之外（还有）”，表示包括besides之后的内容，含有“尚有”之意；
except for 表示部分地修正主句的内容，带有一种惋惜的语气；
except that 与except for意义相同，只是except that后面接从句；
but与except意思相近, 常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等不定代词和疑问词后面。所以①选except for表示修正；②选except表示排除在外；③选besides表示“除……之外，还”；④选except that其后跟从句；⑤选but，常用于疑问词后。
注意：but前面的谓语动词是实义动词do时，后接省略“to”的不定式作宾语；反之，则后接带to的不定式作宾语。
She had no choice but to wait.
He did nothing but read a novel yesterday.
What can you do but take back what you said
except for
except
besides
except that
but
【考点一】考查with/without复合结构
介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词（现在分词或过去分词）在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.
Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.
【即学即练】单项填空
①It was a pity that the great writer died _____ his works unfinished.
for B. with C. from D. of
解析：选B。考查with复合结构。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，则用现在分词表示主动。
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【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词
（1）by, in, on三词都可表示旅行的方式
①不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。
②涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。
如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。
③当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如travel to New York， in this plane，leave on an early train，go to school ，on my bike等。
注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。
如on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。
（2）with, by, in三词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。
①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
They are digging with a pick/spade.
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
②by, in, on, over, through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。
注意：
①使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如in English/Japanese；in blue ink等。
②表达“用……方法/式”时，所用介词有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。
【考点三】考查of+抽象名词的用法
“of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。
of + great / much +抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式
of + no + 抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式
It is of great value.=It is very valuable.
It is of no use.=It is useless.
The camel is of great help（=very helpful) to the Arab.
【考点四】考查表示程度的介词 by, to, beyond
by 表示“增加了……”； from表示“从……增加”；
beyond表示“范围, 限度超出”。 to表示“增加到……”
This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average incomes.
【即学即练】单项填空
②Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ______ the visiting hours.
A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
解析：选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：对不起，女士，你最好明天来，因为已经过了开放时间了。beyond（时间）晚于，迟于。
【考点五】考查介词but的固定搭配
have no choice but to do 只得做某事；
can’t help but do 不得不做……；
can’t but do 不得不只能；
can’t choose but do 只得做某事；
but for / but that 要不是……。
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【考点六】考查to one’s+情感类名词
to 与情感类名词连用，表示“某人因某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感”。常见的结构有：
to＋one’s＋delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret
＝to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.。
这种结构表示结果，用作状语，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。若要加强该结构的语气，有两种方式：①在名词前加great, deep等形容词修饰；②在整个短语前加副词greatly, much等修饰。
to＋one’s＋（great / deep) delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy…
＝much / greatly to ＋one’s＋ delight/surprise
To his disappointment, he failed again.
【考点七】考查名词与to构成的固定搭配
key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配：
the key/approach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitude to...。
It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English.
【考点八】考查介词by的用法
(1)by+地点名词。表示方位，意为“在……旁边”。
注意：表示“从……旁边经过”时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。
(2)by+时间名词，意为“到……时（已发生某事）；最晚,不迟于……,在……之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。
(3)by+名词。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。
①by + the+可数名词(时间、长度、重量等),意为“按……计算;按……买(卖)”。
②by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）,意为“按……计算，按……买(卖)”。
③by+表示交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数）,意为“通过……；由……；乘……”。
④by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不用复数），意为“靠……；通过……；由……所致”。
⑤by+地点或工具等具体名词。表示路线、途径，意为“通过（某物、某地）；取道……”。
⑥by+动词-ing，意为“通过……；靠……；凭……”。
(4)by+数量词。
①表示升降、增减的程度。
②表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。
(5)by+身体部位/衣服类名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与catch /seize /take /hold /grab等动词连用。
It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s quicker by road.
The man entered the room by the back door.
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.
考点九：1、 表示地点时 at, in, on 的区别
1 My uncle lives _____ 116 Changhe Street. His room is ___ the sixth floor.
A. at; on B. to; at C. on; in D. of; to
Notes:
★ at 表示在较小的地方(村庄, 小城镇,门牌); 在某物旁(不确定的地方)
★ in 表示在较大的地方(国家,城市); 在某物范围内.(地点的排列顺序是由小到大.
★ on 表示在某物上(表面接触); road 前用on, street前用in; 楼层用on; farm前用on, field前用in.
on the road, in the street, on the floor, on the farm, in the field,
A
考点九：2、表示时间时 at, in, on的区别
2 The train leaves ___ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _____ 5:40 at the latest.
A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before; around
3 The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during
4 The railway was opened ____ traffic ____ April 4, 1985.
A. to; on B. to; in C. by; on D. for; on
★ at表示时间点(在几点,中午;午夜;夜里;某日期或一段时
间的开头或结尾)(at sunrise; at the weekend; at Christmas)
★ on 表示在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等
★ in 表示一段时间.后接月,年,季等表一段时间的名词.
C
C
A
考点十：表持续时间的since, for, in, after的区别
5 His father will be back from London ____ a few days.
A. since B. in C. on D. after
6 --- How long has the bookshop been in business
--- _____ 1987.
A. After B. In C. From D. Since
7 The touch they had both kept in ____ many years broke.
A. for B. on C. into D. with
★ since 接过去的某时间点, 常用于完成时.
★ for 接一段具体的时间, 常用于完成时.
★ in + 一段时间与非延续性动词连用,表一段时间以后,多
用于将来时; 与延续性动词连用,表一段时间内,时态不限.
★ after + 一段时间,常用于过去时.
B
D
A
考点十一：表方位的介词in, on, to, off的区别
8 Guangdong lies ___ the south of China and Fujian is
___ the east of it. Hainan is _____ the coast of the mainland.
A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away
★ in 表示在境内.
★ on 表示相邻或在边界上, 不在境内.
★ to 表示在境外, 不接壤.
★ off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.
B
考点十二：介词 among 和 between 的区别
He divided the sweets _____ the children who were divided ___ three groups.
A. in; in B. into; into C. between; in D. among; into
He divided the sweets ____________ L Nl, L Cl and Y Mh.
★ among 表示三个或以上的人或物之间,后接复数名词或集体名词.
★ between 用于两者之间, 或三个以上的两两之间(具体的名词已经列出)
D
between
考点十三：表示运动方向或目的的介词
9 ____ the gate and you’ll find the entrance ___ the park ___ the other side.
A. Through; to; on B. Along; of; on C. Down; to; at D. Up; of; by
10 Early ___ the morning of May 1, we started off ___ the mountain village.
A. in; for B. in; to C. on; / D. on; for
★ across 表示穿过物体表面,或横过.
★ through 表示在某一空间通过,或纵向穿过.
★ along 表示沿着一条线平行.
★ up 表示向上,由南到北,由东到西,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市. 反之则用down.
★ to 表示动作的目的地;
★ towards指朝向,无到达的意思;
★ for表示前往的目的,连用的动词有leave, start off, set out, head, sail 等.
A
D
考点十四：表示除……之外的介词
11 He usually goes to work on time _____.
A. except for raining days B. besides it rains
C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days
__________ basketball, I like playing Pingpang.
You have no choice _________ to work hard.
Li Long is a good student ________________ his laziness.
★ except for 表示除去整体中的部分, “只是, 只不过”
★ besides 表示包含, 除 ……之外还有………
★ except 表示排除, 除 ……之外
★ but 表示排除, 多与nobody, none, no one, nothing,
anything, everyone, all, who 等连用.
D
Besides
but
except for
考点十五：表示价格,比率,标准,速度的介词
We are flying _______ a speed of 400kms/hr.
I bought these books ______ 5 dollars each.
I bought these books _______ 30 dollars.
He is paid _______ the week.
Eggs are sold ______ weight.
★ at 表示价值，价格, 比率或速度, 表单价.
★ for 表示交换, 指总价钱
★ by 表示度量单位或标准. 后接表计量单位的名词一般是单数,前面需加定冠词the.
at
at
for
by
by
1. Sean has formed the habit of jogging ______ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. (2010·上海)
A. between B. along C. below D. with
解析：选B。考查介词的用法。句意为：Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯。along沿着；顺着。
2. My father warned me _______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. (2010·天津)
A. by B. on C. for D. against
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb. against doing sth.相当于warn sb. not to do sth.，表示“警告某人不要干某事”。
3. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.(2010·四川)
in B. below C. beside D. against
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：累坏了，吉姆背靠着一棵大树，很快就睡着了。against倚着，靠着；below在……下方；beside在……旁边；in在……里面或（时间）……之后。
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Exercises
4. I agree to his suggestion ______ the condition that he drops all charges. (2010·辽宁)
A. by B. in C. on D. to
解析：选C。考查特殊连词和介词的用法。句意为：我同意他的建议，条件是他应降低所有的费用。介词on和the condition that搭配起连词作用，引导条件状语从句，意为“条件是，以……为条件”。
5. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden They are _______ everyone’s enjoyment. (2010·北京)
A. in B. at C. for D. to
解析：选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：请你不要摘花园里的花好吗？这些花儿是供大家欣赏的。for enjoyment意为“为了寻求乐趣”。for表示目的。
6. The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money ________ me.(2010·重庆)
by B. for C. in D. with
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：这本字典就是我想要的，但我身上没有带足够的钱。have sth. with sb.某人随身携带某物。
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7. I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______.(2010·浙江)
A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance
解析：选C。考查含有介词的固定搭配。句意为：我估计我们之前已经谈论过这件事，但是以防万一我记错了，我再问你一次。by nature天生；in return作为回报，作为交换；in case万一，以防；by chance偶然地。
8. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.(2010·福建)
A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of
解析：选C。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：由于缺乏空间，越来越多地高层建筑兴建于大城市。for lack of由于缺乏；in search of寻找，搜寻；in place of代替；for fear of由于害怕。
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9. It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.(2010·湖北)
A. in preference to B. in place of
C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
解析：选D。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：公职人员向人们索要礼品或金钱作为给人们带来恩惠的交换是非法的。in preference to优先于；in place of代替；in agreement with符合，同意；in exchange for交换。
10. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number. (2010·江西)
A. of B. as C. by D. with
解析：选C。考查介词的用法。方式方法可以用by表示，也可以用with表示。by+ n.(方式/方法)；with+修饰词+n.(工具)。by name凭名字。
11. So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is _______ ideal. We have to work still harder. （2010·江苏）
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
解析：选B。far from远远不；next to靠近；due to因为，由于; out of脱离。根据句意可知，应选B。
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12. The goals of our educational system are _______ the development of our society. (2010·潍坊市5月高三适应性训练)
A. in praise of B. in return for C. in keeping with D. in need of
解析：选C。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：教育体制的目标应该和社会的发展相符合。in keeping with 与……一致，相符。
13. After several sleepless nights, Mr. Johnson _______ a perfect solution to the financial problems of his company. (2010·福州八中质检)
A. kept up with B. put up with C. came up with D. ended up with
解析：选C。句意为：经过几个不眠之夜后，Johnson先生提出了一个非常好的解决公司财政问题的方法。come up with提出，符合句意。keep up with赶上，追上；put up with忍受，容忍；end up with以……告终。
14. ________ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. (2010·山东省青岛市高三教学质量检测)
A. In terms of B. In addition to C. In case of D. In spite of
解析：选B。考查介词短语的辨析。in addition to 除……之外；in terms of 就……方面而言；in case of 防止；in spite of 虽然，尽管。根据句意，应选B。
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15. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______ during the day.（2010·山西师大附中10月月考）
A. away B. up C. in D. back
解析：选A。考查give后面的介词搭配。句意为：一个人如果没有充足的睡眠，从他整天的活动中就能表现出来。give away放弃；泄露；分发；出卖；give up 放弃；give in 屈服，让步； give back 归还，回复。
16. The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable _______ his financial situation. (2010·临沂5月高三模拟)
A. due to B. according to C. regardless of D. in terms of
解析：选C。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：目标是让每一个有意愿和能力的人都能够接受高等教育，而不管他们的经济条件如何。due to 由于；according to 根据；regardless of 不管，不顾；in terms of 就……方面/角度而言。
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17. It is absolutely unacceptable to sacrifice people’s life and health ________ the economic development in any case.(2010·烟台市高三质量调研)
A. in hope of B. in exchange for C. in face of D. in need of
解析：选B。考查介词短语的辨析。句意为：牺牲人的生命和健康来换取经济发展在任何情况下都是不能接受的。in exchange for 用……交换；in hope of 希望；in face of 面对；in need of 需要。
18. When we went boating on the lake that morning，it turned out fine, ______, very calm, without any wind. (2010·江西五校联考)
A. except B. including C. but D. besides
解析：选D。考查介词的用法。句意为：那天早上我们去划船时，天气晴朗，湖面平静无风。except表示“除……之外”；including表示“包括”；but表示“除……之外”，通常位于不定代词后；besides表示“除……之外还有……”/ 而且/此外。
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19. Marie Curie took little notice _______ the honors that were given to her in her later years. （2010·浙江温州中学高三下4月月考）
A. of B. at C. to D. from
解析：选A。take notice of 注意到，为固定搭配。
20. Our city is more open to the outside and ranks No.2 in the country ________ the level of internationalization.(2010·安徽示范性高中联考)
A. in honor of B. in terms of
C. in place of D. in charge of
解析：选B。考查介词短语的辨析。in terms of 在……方面，就……而言；in honor of 向……表示敬意；in place of 取代；in charge of 负责。根据句意可知，应选B。
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Good-bye!