(共30张PPT)
非谓语动词
一、定义
不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。
二、形式
1.
动词不定式（to
do
sth.
）
2.
动名词（v.
-ing）
现在分词（v.
-ing)
3.
分词
过去分词（v.
-ed或不规则变化）
考点一
动词不定式
动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。
功能
例句
说明
主语
To
swim
here
is
dangerous.
在这儿游泳是危险的。
动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语
表语
My
job
is
to
look
after
my
sister.
我的工作是照看我妹妹。
多数情况下，动词不定式作表语，可转换为作主语
It
is
dangerous
to
swim
here.
To
look
after
my
sister
is
my
job.
功能
例句
说明
宾语
I
want
to
be
an
actor.
我想成为一名演员。
只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾语
补足
语
She
asked
me
to
speak
English.
她要求我说英语。
在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to
定语
Do
you
have
anything
to
say?
你有要说的吗？
不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面
状语
I
come
here
to
see
you.
我来这里是为了见你。
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
此外，不定式可以与特殊疑问词连用,
用作主语、宾语、表语等。
when,
what,
who,
which,
where,
how等
①I
can’t
decide
which
one
to
buy.
我不能决定该买哪一件。（作宾语）
②When
to
start
hasn’t
been
discussed.
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。（作主语）
【温馨提示】
(1)help后接不定式时可以省略to；
(2)有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel,
hear,
see,
watch,
notice,
let,
make,
have（简记为一感一听三看三让）。
①Tom
helped
his
brother
(to)
learn
to
swim.
汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。
②We
often
hear
Jack
sing
English
songs.
我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。
【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
决心学会有希望（decide,
determine,
learn,
wish,
hope）,
同意计划莫假装(agree,
plan,
pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败（dare,
refuse,
fail）,
准备设法来帮忙(prepare,
try,
manage,
help),
提供请求负担起(offer,
beg,
demand,
afford),
答应安排理应当（promise,
arrange,
be
supposed）,
以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。
考点二
动名词
动名词相当于名词、形容词。可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eating
too
much
is
bad
for
your
health.
吃太多对你的健康有害处。
谓语动词用单数
宾语
I
like
playing
basketball
very
much.
我非常喜欢打篮球。
表示习惯性的动作
Stamps
are
used
for
sending
letters.
邮票是用来寄信的。
功能
例句
说明
表语
His
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.
他的爱好是集邮。
多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语
Bill
is
in
the
reading
room.
比尔在阅览室里。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
【巧学妙记】喜欢（enjoy)不断(keep)提建议（suggest)
盼望(look
forward
to)习惯(be
used
to)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel
like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t
help)还介意(mind)
后接动词-ing
My
grandfather
kept
telling
jokes
and
I
couldn’t
help
laughing.
爷爷不停地讲笑话，我忍不住笑了。
【温馨提示】
部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。
remember
doing
sth.
记得做过某事
remember
to
do
sth.
记得去做某事（未做）
forget
doing
sth.
忘了做过某事
forget
to
do
sth.
忘了去做某事（未做）
stop
doing
sth.
停止做某事
stop
to
do
sth.
停下来去做某事
need
doing
sth.
需要做某事（被动含义）
need
to
do
sth.
需要去做某事（主动含义）
try
doing
sth.
尝试做某事
try
to
do
sth.
尽力做某事
hear/see
sb.
doing
sth.
听见/看见某人正在做某事
hear/see
sb.
do
sth.
听见/看见某人做了某事
考点三
分词
1.
分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
2.
分词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
定语
①Do
you
know
the
boy
playing
football?
你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？
②Please
hand
in
your
written
exercise.
请交上你的笔试练习。
现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词
状语
①The
students
went
out
of
the
classroom,
talking
and
laughing.
学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
②Seen
from
the
hill,
our
school
looks
more
beautiful.
从小山上看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。
分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语
功能
例句
说明
表语
①The
news
is
exciting.
这个消息令人兴奋。
②I’m
interested
in
the
book.
我对这本书感兴趣。
现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态
补
足
语
①Don’t
keep
me
waiting
for
a
long
time.
别让我等很长时间。
②I
had
my
hair
cut
last
night.
昨天晚上我理发了。
现在分词作补足语,
被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系)
Ⅰ.
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
（2012·安顺中考）Mr.
Scott
made
a
living
by
______
(sell)
old
things.
2.
（2011·遵义中考）Trust
him!
He
has
no
difficulty
______
(work)
out
the
problem.
答案：1.
selling
2.
working
3.
（2011·滨州中考）David
preferred
______
(sell)
newspapers
to
doing
housework
when
he
was
young.
4.
（2011·兰州中考）The
student
______（name）Wang
Lin
is
my
example
in
English
learning.
5.
（2011·梧州中考）Davy
enjoys
______
(play)
tennis
and
baseball.
答案：3.
selling
4.
named
5.
playing
Ⅱ.
单项选择
1.
(2012·安顺中考)—Do
you
know
whether
the
man
_______
by
the
door
is
Mr.
Smith?
—Sure.
We’ve
known
each
other
for
a
long
time.
A.
stand
B.
standing
C.
stood
D.
stands
【解析】选B。standing
by
the
door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。
2.
（2012·随州中考）It’s
dangerous
_______
with
the
wild
animal.
A.
for
us
to
play
B.
of
us
playing
C.
for
us
playing
D.
of
us
to
play
【解析】选A。It’s+adj.
+for
sb.
to
do
sth.
意为“做某事对某人……”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to
play
with
the
wild
animal是真正的主语，故选A。
3.
(2012·自贡中考)—When
are
you
going
to
have
your
hair
_______?
—This
afternoon.
A.
cut
B.
to
cut
C.
cutting
【解析】选A。have
sth.
done“让……被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。
4.
（2011·山西中考）Drivers
shouldn’t
be
allowed
_______
after
drinking,
or
they
will
break
the
law.
A.
drive
B.
driving
C.
to
drive
【解析】选C。allow
sb.
to
do
sth.
“允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb.
be
allowed
to
do
sth.
“某人被允许做某事”。故选C。
5.
（2011·重庆中考）We
don’t
know
_______
it
next.
Let’s
go
and
ask
Mr.
Li.
A.
what
to
do
B.
to
do
what
C.
whether
to
do
D.
to
do
whether
【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+
to
do”在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选C。
6.
（2011·绵阳中考）Our
English
teacher
encourages
us
_______
part
in
all
kinds
of
after-class
activities.
A.
to
take
B.
take
C.
taking
D.
to
taking
【解析】选A。encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.
鼓励某人做某事。
7.
（2011·江西中考）How
kind
you
are!
You
always
do
what
you
can
_______
me.
A.
help
B.
helping
C.
to
help
D.
helps
【解析】选C。动词不定式短语to
help作目的状语。
金手指驾校
http://www.
金手指驾驶员考试2016科目一
科目四
Grammar
Focus
8.
(2011·济南中考）The
woman
loves
animals
and
she
tries
_______
these
homeless
animals.
A.
to
hurt
B.
to
eat
C.
to
help
D.
to
kill
【解析】选C。try
to
do
sth.
“努力做某事”。句意：这位女士喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。
9.
（2011·眉山中考）—It’s
a
little
cold
today.
Would
you
mind
_______
the
window?
—Of
course
not.
A.
not
opening
B.
not
to
open
C.
don’t
open
D.
no
opening
【解析】选A。Would
you
mind
doing
sth.
?
“你介意做某事吗？”,
其否定形式为Would
you
mind
not
doing
sth.
?
10.
（2011·昆明中考）The
reporter
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
he
finished
_______
the
article.
A.
writing
B.
write
C.
to
write
D.
wrote
【解析】选A。
finish
doing
sth.
完成某事。故选A。英语动词不定式の用法梳理（第七周）
姓名
分数
You?have?to?believe?in?yourself?.?That's?the?secret?of?success.(Charles?Chaplin?,?American?actor?)——人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。
(美国演员
卓别林.?C.)
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：
1.It
was
necessary
to
talk
with
his
mother.
2.How
to
say
sorry
is
important.
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征
(?http:?/??/??/?zhongkao?/?2008-02-12?/?aaa?)。如：
1.The
best
way
to
improve
your
Englis
is
to
speak
more.
2.The
first
thing
is
to
greet
the
teacher.
三、用作宾语
决心学会有希望（decide,
determine,
learn,
wish,
hope）,
同意计划莫假装(agree,
plan,
pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败（dare,
refuse,
fail）,
准备设法来帮忙(prepare,
try,
manage,
help),
提供请求负担起(offer,
beg,
demand,
afford),
答应安排理应当（promise,
arrange,
be
supposed）,
以上后跟不定式，劝君牢记永不忘。
如：
1)We
decided
to
talk
to
some
students
about
why
they
go
there. 2)He
prefers
to
eat
white
bread
and
rice.
四、用作宾语补足语
用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，
help，teach，ask，order等。
The
doctor
told
me
to
do
more
exercise.
五、用作定语：【注意】不定式等短语作定语，放在被修饰词后面。
We
have
something
to
do
tomorrow.
?
六、用作状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：
He
is
studying
hard
so
as
to
catch
up
with
others.
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：
He
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.
动词不定式练习：
1.
根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。
1.
He
was
so
angry
that
he
couldn’t
say
anything.
He
was
too
angry
_______
______
anything.
2.
I
don’t
know
when
we
will
have
the
meeting.
I
don’t
know
when
_______
_______
the
meeting.
3.
That
you
read
English
in
the
morning
is
very
important.
?????It
is
very
important
_____
you
_____
_______
English
in
the
morning.
4.
He
was
so
strong
that
he
could
lift
the
stone.
He
was
strong
_____
_____
______
the
stone.
?5.
His
brother
decided
that
he
would
buy
the
book.
His
brother
decided
_____
_______
the
book.
?6.
He
hopes
that
he
can
visit
the
Great
Wall.
He
hopes
_____
_______
the
Great
Wall.
7.We
don’t
know
what
we
shall
do
next.
We
don’t
know
what
____
_______
next.
8.I’m
very
sorry
on
hearing
the
bad
news.
I’m
very
sorry
_____
_______
the
bad
news.
9.He
stopped
and
had
a
look
at
me.
He
stopped
_____
______
a
look
at
me.
?10.My
father
promised
that
he
would
buy
me
a
bike.
My
father
promised
____
______
me
a
bike.
二.
单选选择：
1.
The
teacher
asked
us
______so
much
noise.
A
.don’t
make
B.
not
make
C.
not
making
D
.not
to
make
2.
As
a
result
of
my
laziness,
I
failed
________
my
work
in
time.
A.
and
finished B.
to
finish C.
and
finishing D.
to
finished
3.
When
we
hurried
to
the
station,
there
happened
________
no
bus
at
that
time.
A.
to
have
B.
to
be
C.
having
D.
being
4.
--Are
you
a
student?
--No,
but
I
used
_________.
A.
to
be
B.
to
was
C.
to
do
D.
to
be
a
5.
We
are
not
allowed
__________
outdoors
with
some
other
children.
A.
playing
B.
to
be
playing
C.
to
play
D.
be
playing
6.
The
problem
is
_________
difficult
for
us
__________.
A.
so;
work
out
B.
very
too;
to
be
worked
out
C.
rather
too,
to
work
out
D.
quite
too,
to
work
it
out
7.
They
are
looking
forward
with
hope________
from
you
soon.
A.
to
hearing
B.
of
hearing
C.
hearing
D.
to
hear
8.
He
asked
me
________
here
earlier.
???
A.
come????????
B.
to
come????????????
C.
coming????????????
D.
came
9.
Please
tell
him
_______
on
the
wall.
???
A.
don’t
draw???????
B.
to
not
draw???????
C.
not
to
draw?????????????
D.
not
draw
10.
He
wanted
________
a
cup
of
tea.
???
A.
to
have?????????????
B.
having???????
C.
have?????????
D.
had
11.
I’d
like
________
a
word
with
you.
???
A.
had???????????
B.
having???????
C.
to
have?????????????
D.
have
12.
I
came
here
_______
my
uncle.
???
A.
saw??????????
B.
to
see????????
C.
seeing???????
D.
to
be
seen
13.
The
man
refused
________
back
his
words.
???
A.
to
take?????????????
B.
taking????????
C.
took??????????
D.
takes
14.
I
can
let
you
________
one
ticket.
???
A.
to
have?????????????
B.
have??????????
C.
having???????
D.
had
15.
We
often
heard
him
_________
in
his
room.
???
A.
to
sing?????????????
B.
sings?????????
C.
sang?????????
D.
sing
2
