人教版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit 5 First Aid 重难点讲解学（学案）

2021-2022学年人教版（2019）选择性必修二：Unit
5
First
Aid
重难点讲解
一
Reading
and
Thinking
单词短语
1.
technique
n.
技能；技术；技艺
have
a
technique
for
有……的技术
technique
in
……方面的技术
例句
①They
learn
basic?techniques?in
self?defence.
他们学习基本的自卫技巧。
②Dick
Fosbury?had
a
new
technique
for?doing
the
high
jump.
迪克·福斯贝里有一项跳高的新技术。
2.
sense
of
touch
触觉
sense
of
responsibility/duty
责任感，责任心?
sense
of
humor
幽默感，幽默?
sense
of
belonging
归宿感，归属感?
sense
of
smell
嗅觉?
sense
of
beauty
美感；审美感?
sense
of
direction
方向感
例句
①Good
chef
must
have
a
good?sense
of
smell.?
好厨师必须有好嗅觉。
②He
had
a
poor?sense
of
direction?and
soon
got
lost.?
他方向感很差，一会儿就迷路了。
③He
is
distinguished
for
his?sense
of
humor．
他以其幽默感著称。
3.
minor
adj.
较小的；次要的；轻微的
(1)a
minor
matter
小事
a
minor
party
少数党
(2)minority
n.
[U，C]少数民族；少数
a/the
minority
of
少数的
be
in
the/a
minority
占少数
例句
①This
is?a
minor
matter,
but
I
actually
think
it
is
my
life
biggest
pain.
这是一件小事，但我却认为这是我一生最大的痛苦。
②It
is
reported
that
women?are
in
the
minority?at
the
meeting.
据报道，妇女在会议中占少数。
③It's
clear
that
only?a
minority
of?people
support
these
new
laws.
很明显，只有少数人支持这些新法律。
4.
loose
adj.
松的；未系紧的；宽松的
at
a
loose
end
无所事事；无事可做
break
loose
from
摆脱，挣脱
have
(got)
a
loose
tongue
说话没遮拦
on
the
loose
在逃；不受约束
例句
①I'm?at
a
bit
of
a
loose
end?this
afternoon.
Do
you
fancy
a
game
of
tennis??
今天下午我有点闲，你喜欢打网球吗？
②Be
careful
what
you
tell
Sam—she's?got
a
very
loose
tongue,
you
know.
你跟萨姆说话要小心——你知道，她的嘴很松的。
③There
are
ten
prisoners?on
the
loose.
有十名囚犯在逃。
5.
urgent
adj.
紧急的；急迫的；急切的
(1)an
urgent
problem
急迫的问题
be
urgent
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
急切地催促某人做某事
It
is
most
urgent
that...
……很紧急
(2)urgently
adv.
紧急地，急迫地
例句
①"Do
you
see
it?"
he
demanded?urgently.
“你看见了吗？”他急切地问道。
②It
is
most
urgent
that?the
patient
should
get
to
hospital.
病人必须立即送往医院。
③She?was
urgent
for
the
doctor
to?come.
她急着要医生来。
6.
ease
vt.
减轻；缓解
vi.&
vt.
使容易；使顺利
n.
容易；舒适；自在
(1)take
one's
ease
使某人放松一下
at
ease
舒适；快活；自由自在
put
sb.
at
ease
使某人感到轻松自在；
使某人安心
feel/look
at
ease
感到/看上去心情放松
with
ease
容易地；毫不费劲地
(2)ease
sb.
of
sth.
减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
例句
①He
handed
her
a
cup
of
coffee
to?put
her
at
ease.
他递给她一杯咖啡让她放松。
②I
don't?feel
at
ease?in
the
strange
place.
在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。
③This
medicine
will?ease
you
of?your
pain.
这种药会缓解你的痛苦。
④Now
he
can
set
his
mind?at
ease?because
he
has
passed
the
examination
with
ease.
现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
重点句式
1.?As
you
can
imagine,
getting
burnt
can
lead
to
very
serious
injuries.?
正如你想象的那样，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
句中As
you
can
imagine
是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，作imagine的宾语。
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
(2)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。
(3)引导限制性定语从句。这时，其先行词的前面通常有such，the
same
修饰，构成the
same...as，such...as结构。
例句
①This
man,?as
you
know,
is
good
for
nothing.
你也知道，这个人一无是处。
②He
borrowed
the
same
book?as
the
one
I
am
reading.
他借的书和我正在读的那本一样。
③Einstein,?as
is
well
known,
is
a
famous
scientist.
＝It
is
well
known
that?Einstein
is
a
famous
scientist.
＝What
is
well
known
is
that?Einstein
is
a
famous
scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是位著名的科学家。
2.
Remove
any
clothes
using
scissors?if
necessary,
unless
you
see
the
fabric
sticking
to
the
burnt
skin.
如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。
句中if
necessary为if
it
is
necessary的省略结构。
if
possible
如果可能的话
if
so
假如这样的话
if
not
假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则
if
ever
即使有
例句
①I
might
see
you
tomorrow.?If
not,
then
it'll
be
Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。
②If
possible,
I
wish
to
go
there
next
summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。
③They
think
she
may
try
to
phone.?If
so,
someone
must
stay
here.
他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。
④He
seldom,?if
ever,
goes
to
the
movies
by
himself.
他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。
二
Using
language
单词短语
1.
panic
vi.&
vt.
(使)惊慌?
n.
惊恐；恐慌
(1)panic
over/at
因……而恐慌；对……感到惊慌失措
panic
sb.
into
doing
sth.
使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)get
into
a
panic
陷入恐慌(动作)
be
in
a
panic
陷入恐慌(状态)
例句
①He?panicked
over/at?this
accident.
他对这次事故惊慌失措。
②Many
landowners
were?panicked
into?leaving
the
country
at
that
time.
当时许多地主都惊慌失措地离开了这个国家。
③She?got
into
a
panic?when
she
couldn't
find
the
tickets.
她找不到票，惊慌失措。
④The
girl?is
in
a
panic.
Try
to
help
her
calm
down.
这个女孩惊慌失措，设法帮助她冷静下来。
2.
interrupt
vi.&
vt.
打断；打扰?
vt.
使暂停；使中断
(1)interrupt
sb./sth.
(with
sth.)
(因某事)打断某人/某事
be
interrupted
by
被……打断
(2)interruption
n.
打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物
without
interruption
连续地；不断地
例句
①It
is
bad
manners
to?interrupt?a
speaker?with?frequent
questions.
用频繁的问题打断演讲者是不礼貌的。
②Let's
go
somewhere
where
we
can
talk?without
interruption.
我们找个不受打扰的地方谈谈吧。
③They?were
interrupted
by?a
sudden
and
urgent
knock
at
the
door.
他们被一阵突然而紧急的敲门声打断了。
3.
scream
vi.&
vt.
(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n.
尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
scream
at
朝……尖叫
scream
for
为……而喊叫
scream
out
尖声喊出；尖叫着
例句
①The
trapped
passengers?screamed
for?help.
被困的乘客大声呼救。
②She?screamed
at?me
to
get
out
of
the
way.
她冲我尖叫，让我走开。
③She?screamed
out?that
she
had
lost
her
passport.
她尖声嚷着她把护照弄丢了。
4.
desperate
adj.
绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
(1)be
desperate
about
对……绝望
be
desperate
for
极想要……
be
desperate
to
do...
渴望做某事
(2)desperately
adv.
绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地
例句
①The
man
in
the
river?desperately?tried
to
reach
the
side.
河里的那个人拼命地想游到岸边。
②He?was
desperate
for?work
to
provide
food
for
his
children.
为了孩子们供吃，他拼命地找工作。
③He?is
desperate
to?pursue
his
vocation
as
an
artist.
他不顾一切地追求艺术家的职业。
5.
justify
vt.
证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
justify
(doing)
sth.
证明……正当
justify...to
向……证明……合理
justify
oneself
in
doing...
在做某事证明自己
例句
①How
will
you?justify?this
pay
cut
to
your
employees?
你将如何向员工证明这次减薪是合理的？
②The
decision
is?justified?on
the
grounds
that
there
is
no
realistic
alternative.
这一决定是合理的，因为没有切实可行的替代办法。
③He
is
fully?justified?in
doing
so.
他这样做是完全正当的。
重点句式
Chen
Wei,
a
high
school
student
in
Beijing,
had
his
dinner
interrupted
when
he
heard
someone
screaming
from
another
table.
陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。
句中had
his
dinner
interrupted是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，his
dinner与动词interrupt之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
(1)have/get
sth.
done可以表示：使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)；遭遇/经历(此事违背主语的意愿)。
若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用：
(2)have
sb.
do
sth.
(do强调做某事这一事实)
(3)have
sb./sth.
doing
(doing强调持续进行某一动作)
例句
①There's
something
wrong
with
my
computer,
so
I
have
to?have/get
it
repaired．
我的电脑出了问题，所以我得让人修理一下。
②He
was
very
funny
and?had
us
laughing?all
the
way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
③The
boss
often?has
them
work?for
14
hours
a
day．
老板经常要他们一天工作14
个小时。
注意
have
sth.
done相当于make/get
sth.
done；不管“have
sth.
done”结构表示何种意义，sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
三
Grammar
复习动词?ing形式
一、关于动词?ing形式的基本情况
1.
动词?ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词?ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2.
动词?ing形式的时态和语态
主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing
done完成式havinghaving
been
done
①Reading
aloud
is
a
good
way
to
learn
a
language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
②Having
studied
his
lessons
very
hard,
he
passed
the
exam.
努力学习了功课,
他通过了考试。
③The
building
being
built
now
will
be
finished
next
month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
④Having
been
laughed
at
for
his
lameness,
the
boy
became
shy
and
inhibited.?
那男孩因跛脚被人讥笑,
变得羞怯。
二、动词?ing形式作主语
1.
动词?ing形式作主语
动词?ing形式作主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
①Saying
is
one
thing,
and
doing
is
another.
说是一回事，而做是另一回事。
②Having
a
walk
every
day
helps
to
make
one
keep
healthy.
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
注意
动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing
mountains
is
really
difficult
for
the
old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2.
形式主语it代替动词?ing形式作主语
此类句式常见的有：
It's
a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.做某事是浪费时间
It's
useless/worthwhile
doing
sth.做某事没用/是值得的
It's
no
good/use/fun
doing
sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思
①It
is
a
waste
of
time
persuading
such
a
person
to
join
us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
②It
is
no
good/use
regretting
for
the
past.
悔恨过去是没用的。
③It's
useless
arguing
with
them.?
跟他们争论是徒劳无益的。
3.
动词?ing形式和to
do作主语时的区别
动词?ing形式和to
do都可以作主语。动词?ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to
do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
①Playing
with
fire
is
dangerous.
玩火危险。(泛指)
②Singing
is
my
hobby,
and
to
sing
at
my
friend's
birthday
party
is
my
dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
三、动词?ing形式作宾语
1.
作动词的宾语
接动词?ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid，miss，delay/put
off
避免错过少延期
advise，finish，practise
建议完成多练习
enjoy，imagine，can't
help
喜欢想象禁不住
admit，deny，envy
承认否定与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse
逃避冒险莫原谅
stand，keep，mind
忍受保持不介意
①He
admitted
referring
to
his
notes
in
the
exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
②She
can't
stand
being
looked
down
upon
in
public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。
③Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
你介意打开窗子吗？
④He
tried
to
avoid
answering
my
questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2.
作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中，常用动词?ing形式作介词的宾语：
be
good
at，dream
of，care
about，be
concerned
about，be
interested
in，feel
like，insist
on，think
of，aim
at，set
about，be
used
to习惯于；get
down
to开始做；lead
to导致；devote
oneself
to献身于……；look
forward
to期待；stick
to坚持；pay
attention
to注意。
①I
dream
of
sailing
around
the
world
and
leading
a
happy
life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。??
②He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
③I'm
looking
forward
to
your
coming
next
time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
④Because
of
the
bad
weather，they
have
to
give
up
going
out
for
a
picnic
tomorrow.
因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
3.
在以下结构中，动词?ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in)
doing
花费……做某事
have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing...
做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from)
doing
阻止……做某事
waste
time
(in)
doing
浪费时间做某事
be
busy
(in)
doing
忙于做某事
have
a
good/hard
time
(in)
doing
高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There
is
no
point
(in)
doing
做某事毫无意义
①He
is
always
busy
working
every
day，which
has
made
him
have
little
time
to
play
with
his
child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
②There
is
no
point
giving
him
such
a
good
chance.
给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。
4.
动词?ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况
(1)动词?ing的复合结构。
名词（宾格）/名词's所有格/代词（宾格）/形容词性物主代词＋动词?ing
①Would
you
mind
my/me
closing
the
window?
你介意我关上窗户吗？
②Would
you
mind
Mary's/Mary
closing
the
window?
你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？
注意
动词?ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词(宾格)/名词's所有格＋not
doing...。
(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词?ing作宾语。
①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词?ing作宾语，意义基本相同。
They
continued
discussing/to
discuss
the
plan
after
having
a
rest.
休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词?ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词?ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
I
love
walking
with
my
friend
on
a
sunny
day.(习惯)
我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It
is
a
pleasant
day
today，so
I
love
to
have
a
walk
with
my
friend.(具体)
今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词后既可跟动词?ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。
He
forgot
turning
the
light
off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The
light
in
the
office
is
still
on.He
forgot
to
turn
it
off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
注意
对比记忆作宾语的动词含义
go
on
doing
sth.
继续做同一件事
go
on
to
do
sth.
接着做另一件事
forget
doing
sth.
忘记做过某事
forget
to
do
sth.
忘记要做某事
try
doing
sth.
试着做某事
try
to
do
sth.
努力做某事
remember
doing
sth.
记得做过某事
remember
to
do
sth.
记住要做某事
regret
doing
sth.
后悔做了某事
regret
to
do
sth.
很遗憾要做某事
mean
doing
...
意味着做……
mean
to
do
...
打算/意欲做……
stop
doing
sth.
停止正在做的事情
stop
to
do
sth.
停下来去做另一件事
can't
help
doing
...
禁不住做……
can't
help
to
do
...
不能帮着去做……
①They
stopped
to
have
a
look
at
the
fantastic
scenery.
他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
②They
stopped
working
and
had
a
rest.
他们停止工作，休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词?ing形式。
其结构如下：
主语＋think/consider/find/feel/believe＋it＋useless/no
use/no
good＋doing...
①I
found
it
useless/no
use
arguing
about
it.
我发现争论这件事没有用。
②Do
you
consider
it
any
good
trying
again?
你觉得再试会有用吗？
(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词?ing形式表示被动含义，即need/require/want/deserve
doing＝need/require/want/deserve
to
be
done。
①These
clothes
need
washing.
＝These
clothes
need
to
be
washed.
这些衣服需要洗。
②The
house
requires
repairing.
＝The
house
requires
to
be
repaired.
这座房子需要修理。
(5)在(be)
worth后面只能用动词?ing形式来表示被动含义。
The
film
is
worth
seeing
a
second
time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
四、动词?ing形式作表语
作表语的动词?ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1.
动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
①One
of
his
weaknesses
is
telling
lies.
＝Telling
lies
is
one
of
his
weaknesses.
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
②His
hobby
is
reading
books
in
his
spare
time.
＝Reading
books
in
his
spare
time
is
his
hobby.
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
2.
现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
①Her
performance
is
very
entertaining,
which
brings
us
much
pleasure.
她的表演非常有趣，
给我们带来很多乐趣。
②The
trip
is
very
exciting,
and
we
have
decided
to
have
a
similar
one.
这次旅行很是激动人心，
我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。
注意
作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
五、动词?ing作定语
1.
动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。
①There
is
a
swimming
pool
in
our
school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
②Students
are
not
permitted
to
speak
aloud
in
the
reading
room.
在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。
2.
现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
①The
boys
gathering
at
the
school
gate
are
my
classmates.
＝The
boys
who
are
gathering
at
the
school
gate
are
my
classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
②The
girl
performing
on
the
stage
has
a
gift
for
dance.
＝
The
girl
who
is
performing
on
the
stage
has
a
gift
for
dance.
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
注意
单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。
六、动词?ing形式作宾语补足语
动词?ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词?ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1.
动词?ing位于感官动词后：feel，smell，listen
to，hear，watch，see，notice，observe
等。
①I
felt
someone
patting
me
on
the
shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
②When
he
passed
the
swimming
pool,
he
saw
someone
swimming
in
it.
当他经过游泳池时，
他看见有人在游泳。
注意
动词?ing与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义
在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用动词?ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
①I
heard
Mary
singing
in
the
next
room.(动作正在进行)
我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
②I
heard
Mary
sing
a
song
in
the
next
room
last
night.(动作全过程)
昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
2.
动词?ing位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。
①She
couldn't
have
him
getting
away
with
telling
lies.
她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
②Please
don't
keep
the
little
boy
staying
alone.
不要让这个男孩独自待着。
3.
用于with复合结构中
①I
couldn't
do
my
homework
with
the
noise
going
on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
②With
so
many
people
looking
at
her，she
feels
nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
七、动词?ing形式作状语
1.
作时间状语
Hearing
the
news,
he
couldn't
help
laughing.
＝When
he
heard
the
news,
he
couldn't
help
laughing.
一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
2.
作原因状语
Not
knowing
her
address,
I
had
better
telephone
her
to
come
over.
＝As
I
don't
know
her
address,
I
had
better
telephone
her
to
come
over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
3.
作条件状语
Working
hard,
you'll
surely
succeed.
＝If
you
work
hard,
you'll
surely
succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
4.
作结果状语
The
child
slipped
and
fell,
hitting
his
head
against
the
door.
＝The
child
slipped
and
fell,
and
hit
his
head
against
the
door.
那个男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
注意
现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
I
hurried
to
school,
only
to
find
it
was
Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5.
作让步状语
Having
been
told
many
times,
he
still
didn't
learn
these
rules
by
heart.
＝Although
he
had
been
told
many
times,
he
still
didn't
learn
these
rules
by
heart.
尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
6.
作伴随状语
①Morris
lay
on
the
grass,
staring
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.
＝Morris
lay
on
the
grass
and
stared
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
②The
boy
sat
in
front
of
the
farmhouse,
cutting
the
branches.
＝The
boy
sat
in
front
of
the
farmhouse,
and
cut
the
branches.
那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。
7.
作方式状语
He
came
running
back
to
tell
me
the
news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
注意
动词?ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。
8.
现在分词作状语时的注意事项
(1)现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having
done)。
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。
Walking
in
the
street,
I
met
an
old
friend
of
mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
②当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。
Having
finished
the
letter,
he
went
to
post
it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having
finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
(2)现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having
been
shown
around
the
factory,
they
were
very
happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having
finished
his
homework，he
went
to
bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
(3)动词?ing形式的否定式：not＋v.?ing；not
having＋v.?ed
Not
knowing
this,
he
didn't
come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not
having
made
full
preparations,
we
put
off
the
sports
meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
(4)现在分词作评注性状语
有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally
speaking“一般来说”，
judging
by/from...“从……判断”，taking
everything
into
consideration“从全局考虑”。
Judging
from
his
behaviour,
he
must
be
mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
四
Writing
叙事性记叙文
文体指导
本单元的写作任务是写一篇叙事类记叙文。该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等交代清楚。
基本框架
1.
开头——交代清楚事件的背景。
2.
主体——主要叙述事件的发生、经过及结果。
3.
结尾——呼应标题，发表感想、愿望等。
注意事项：
1.
标题：如有标题，标题一定要明确，能点明事件或主题。
2.
人称：通常用第一人称和第三人称。
3.
时态：在叙事过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或某景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加生动形象。
常用词块
1.
without
delay/hesitation
毫不迟疑/毫不犹豫
2.
learn
a
lot
from
it
从中学到很多东西
3.
give
us
a
warm
welcome
热烈欢迎我们
4.
have
a
good
time
with
us
和我们玩得开心
5.
participate
more
actively
in
helping
those
in
need
更积极地参与帮助那些有需要的人
6.
rush
him
to
the
hospital
赶紧送他就医
7.
a
basic
knowledge
of
first
aid
基本的急救知识
8.
in
the
case
of
emergency
在紧急情况下
9.
benefit
a
great
deal
from
从……中受益
10.
cause
severe
injuries
to
his
feet
使他的脚受重伤
常用语句
1.
That's
really
an
unforgettable
experience.
那真是一次难忘的经历。
2.
After
a
while,
many
people
came
to
help
us.
过了一会儿，许多人来帮助我们。
3.
Every
time
I
thought
of
it,
I
was
full
of
energy.
每当我想到这件事，我就充满了活力。
4.
Although
it
happened
three
years
ago,
I
never
forgot
the
evening
party.
虽然那是三年前的事了，但我从未忘记那个晚会。
5.
Hardly
had
he
heard
someone
calling
for
help
when
he
jumped
into
the
river
without
hesitation.
他刚听到有人喊救命，就毫不犹豫地跳进了河里。
6.
Before
the
ambulance
came,
the
lady
who
proved
to
be
a
nurse
later
performed
first
aid
to
the
kid.
在救护车到来之前，那位后来被证明是护士的女士对孩子进行了急救。
7.
The
story
is
a
good
example
in
which
first
aid
makes
a
big
difference.
这个故事是一个很好的例子，说明急救可以起到很大的作用。
8.
From
it,
we
know
it
is
necessary
to
know
basic
first
aid
skills
so
that
we
can
be
better
prepared
for
an
emergency.
从这件事中，我们知道了解基本的急救技能是必要的，以便我们可以更好地为紧急情况做好准备。
学以致用
生活中常有意外事故发生。假设你和你班同学李明从锅炉房打完开水，在回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。于是你对此实施了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，向学校英文报Teens投稿，主要内容包括：
1.
描述事故发生的经过；
2.
你是如何实施急救的(冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理)；
3.
简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。
参考词汇：锅炉房boiler
house?
?
?热水瓶
thermos
bottle
Accidents
always
happen
suddenly.
参考范文
?
?
?
?
Accidents
always
happen
suddenly.
One
day,
Li
Ming
and
I
were
on
our
way
back
after
fetching
some
boiling
water
from
the
boiler
house
when
Li
Ming's
thermos
bottle
burst
and
the
boiling
water
caused
severe
injuries
to
his
feet.
The
burn
was
so
severe
that
the
skin
was
red
and
swollen.
?
?
?
?
Immediately,
I
carried
him
to
the
water
tap
nearby
and
put
his
feet
under
the
cold
running
water
until
the
pain
lessened.
Afterwards,
I
called
a
taxi
and
rushed
him
to
the
hospital
where
he
received
a
further
treatment.
?
?
?
?
Only
then
was
I
aware
what
a
difference
a
basic
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make,
especially
in
such
a
case.