(共22张PPT)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
Reading
内蒙古赤峰市箭桥中学：薛俊杰
邮编：024300
人教版 新课标地区
LOGO
A NIGHT
THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Listen to the tape and then answer the questions.
What happened when and where did it happen
A strong earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976.
Fast Reading
The structure of the text
Part1.(Par ___)Before the earthquake :
Part2. (Par.___)During the earthquake:
Part3. (Par ___)After the earthquake:
signs
damage/loss
recovery/rescue
1
2-3
4
Careful Reading
According to the text describe the changes in the pictures.
Part 1 Signs（paragraph1）
things what happened
water in the well
well walls
chicks and pigs
mice
fish
sky
sound
water pipe
rose and fell
deep cracks, smelly gas
ran out of, looking for places to hide
too nervous to eat
jumped out
sound of planes heard even no planes
cracked and burst
bright lights
Fill the table
Part1 Signs (paragraph1)
a huge crack
people died/were injured
Part2 Damage/ Loss（paragraph2-3）
factories&buildings / gone
dams&bridges / fell
1
railway tracks/ useless
the farm animals/ dead
2
Part2 Damage/ Loss（paragraph2-3）
____of the nation felt the earthquake .
A huge crack that was___ kilometres long and___metres wide cut across houses.
In___terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
___of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
____________families were killed and many children were left without parents.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than________.
All of the city’s hospitals, ____of its factories and buildings and_____of its homes were gone.
___dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.
______________________cows would never give milk again.
_________________pigs and____________ chickens were dad.
8
1/3
15
400,000
75%
90%
2
Tens of thousands of
Half of a million
millions of
30
2/3
Thousands of
Part2 Damage/ Loss（paragraph2-3） Data(数据)
Part 3 Recovery/Rescue（paragraph4）
Find out some verbs or phrases to describe them.
1.The army
2.Miners
3.workers
4.Fresh water
organized teams/dig out / bury
were rescued
built Shelters
was taken to
Retell
Choose a paragraph and act out an interview between a reportor and a survivor from the Tangshanearthquake.
EXAMPLE:
Paragraph1
Reportor: Did you notice anything strange before the earthquake
Survivor: There were some strang things....
What shall we do or not do if an earthquake happens
Dos
Don’ts
1.Stay in a small room,such as kitchen or bathroom
2. If you haven’t time to escape , you may stand close to the inside wall with some things covering on the head.
3. If you stay in the open air ,keep off the tall building, and go to the fields without trees .
.........
1. Be close to the outside wall
2.Stay on the balcony
3. Jump out of the tall building
4. Use the lift
..........
Thinking
I'm the monitor,I must save my classmates!
I must go first!
Discussion
？
What's your opinion
1. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
2. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had beendestroyed.
分析who were trapped和whose homes had been destroyed是什么从句以及
who/ whose在句中的作用，并将以上两句话翻译成汉语。
难句解析
解析：
二者均为定语从句，who/ whose是关系代词，在句中代替先行词起连接作用。
who在句中作主语，指人；whose在从句中作定语，修饰homes,whose既可以指
人又可以指物。
译文：
1.部队组织人员挖出被困者，掩埋死者。
2. 工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建立了住所。
？
Homework
Underline the usefull words and phrases in the text, and then find their usage in your dictionaries.(共15张PPT)
disasters
fire
earthquakes
floods
typhoon
hurricane
tornado
City after earthquakes
What strange things had happened before the earthquake
1.Water in the wells
2.The well walls
3.Chickens and pigs
4.Mice
5.Fish
6.Bright lights and the sound of planes
7.The water pipes
rose and fell
had deep cracks
too nervous to eat
ran , looking for
jumped
could be seen and heard
cracked and burst
1.How do you think the earthquake
was Why
2.What was the city like after the earthquake
3.How did people do to help the city
Details Main idea
In Beijing
One-third of the nation
A huge crack
Steam
Hard hills of rock
The city
Two-thirds of the people
Thousands of families
Many children
could be heard
felt
cut across
burst
became
lay in ruin
died and injured
were killed
were left
It was the
greatest
earthquake
of the
20th century.
back
Details Main idea
All the hospitals and most of the factories and buildings and homes
Bricks
Two dams and most of the bridges
The railway tracks
cows
Pigs and chickens
The wells
Water, food and electricity
were gone
covered
fell
were filled
hard to get
useless steel
never gave milk
died
Everything
in the city
was
destroyed.
back
Details Main idea
Soldiers
The army
Workers
Fresh water
were sent
organized to
dig out and bury
built
was taken
All hope was not lost. Slowly, the city began
to breathe again.
Discussion:
1.Why do we say it was “A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep”
2.What does the sentence “The city began to breathe again” mean
Homework:
1.Collect some information about Tangshan city, and write a passage about “How does the city breathe now ”.
2.Retell the text.(共18张PPT)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
Warming-up & pre-reading
natural disasters
floods
drought
typhoons/
hurricanes
tornadoes
volcano
eruption
earthquake
Do you know any natural disasters
What might happen in an earthquake
destructive/terrible
hit / strike
injuries/damages
Warming--up
die / kill
injured
children
Try to describe the damages using the words given.
trap/ bury…underneath
homeless/lose one’s home
resist/ fall down/collapse
water pipe----destroy
electricity----cut off
fall onto
get gaps/cracks
floods and tsunamis
fire----break out
sweep away
Task 1: group work
Write a passage about WenChuan earthquake.
Paragraph 1----introduction (one or two sentences)
Paragraph 2----damages (five to six sentences)
Paragraph 3----wishes (one or two sentences)
Useful expressions:
stronger and more united
reconstruction/underway
survivor/ regain confidence/ get back to normal life
Signs before the earthquake:
People could see _______lights in the sky.
bright
Pre-reading
Signs before the earthquake:
The chickens and
even pigs were______
nervous _____eat.
The dog was________
loudly again and again.
too
to
barking
Signs before the earthquake:
Mice ran out the
fields___________
places to hide.
Fish _________out
of bowls and ponds.
looking for
jumped
Signs before the earthquake:
The water in the wells
____and____. And some
deep ______could be seen
in the well walls. A______
gas came out the cracks.
rose
fell
cracks
smelly
Test your quake knowledge and learn how you can prepare for an earthquake.
Self--evaluation
What shall we do if an earthquake happens
A. Stay in the bathroom
B. Stay on the balcony(阳台）
2. If you haven’t enough time to escape ,
hide under the table or bed .
jump out of the tall building.
3. A. You should use the lift to escape.
B. You should use the stairs to escape.
4. If you stay in the open air ,
keep off the tall building, and go to the fields.
Stay under the tree or the eaves(屋檐）.
5. If you are in a crowded area,
take cover where you are.
run for help.
6. If you are driving,
stop if it is safe, but stay inside your car
stop if it is safe, and get out of your car quickly.
7. A. Stop your car under bridges, or overpasses.(立交桥）
B. Stop your car away from bridges, or overpasses.
8. If you are at the beach,
A. Jump into the sea quickly.
B. move quickly to higher ground .
9. If you are at work,
get under a nearby desk and hold on until the shaking stops.
run out of the building.
10. In the event while sleeping:
A. roll onto the floor.
B. stay in your bed , protecting your head with a pillow .
Check your answers, one point each.
Under 5 points: You need to know more!
6—8 points: good!
9—10 points: Congratulations!
Summing—up
What we learn today Useful expressions
damages caused by the earthquake
signs before the earthquake
Dos and don’ts in the earthquake
Homework
根据下面内容用英语写一篇有关地震的短文。
1976年7月28 日我国唐山遭受了20世纪世界上损失最大的地震的袭击，整个城市几乎全毁。 25万人 死亡，桥梁，建筑被毁，供电供水中断，房屋失火，大量人员无家可归。
为了预防地震，可以采取以下举措：
1、沿着两个板块相接的地方不要建房。
2、把房屋建在岩石上，不建在沙地上。
3、把房屋尽可能建得结实。
参考词汇： 毁灭 ruin/ destroy 板块 plate 英语：Unit4《Earthquakes》Period One精品学案
（新人教版必修1）
Period One Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1 Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away
拓展归纳
shake hands with sb. 跟某人握手
shake/nod one’s head 摇头/点头
shake sb.by the hand＝shake sb.’s hand跟某人握手
shake down融入新环境；适应新工作
shake up使震惊，使不安
shake oneself together to do sth.振作起来做某事
shake with anger/fear/laughter气得/怕得/笑得发抖
shake，tremble，quake
(1)shake是普通用词，指人或物。指人时常用于因感情激动、寒冷、害怕等引起的身体颤动。
I saw him shake his head.我看见他摇了摇头。
(2)tremble 只用作不及物动词，常与shake换用，但指握手、摇头时只用shake。
He was trembling/shaking with fear.他害怕得发抖。
(3)quake 意思是“发抖；颤动”，正式用词，多指整体的摇动，如地震。
The building quakes/shakes when a plane flies past.
飞机飞过时，大楼摇动起来。
完成句子
(1)大地在他的脚下颤抖。
The ground is_shaking beneath his feet.
(2)爆炸使五英里以外的窗户都颤动了。
The blast shook_windows five miles away.
(3)他们对此消息大为震惊。
They were_badly_shaken by the news.
(4)虽然他受到严厉的批评，但他的信念却没有动摇。
His_faith_wasn’t_shaken though he met with severe criticism.
2
?拓展归纳
burst into flames立刻燃烧起来
burst into tears突然大哭
burst into bloom/blossom开花
burst into laughter突然笑起来
be bursting to do sth.急于要做某事
burst on sb./sth.突然而意外地出现在某人/某物面前
burst into a room突然破门而入
If you get much fatter，you’ll burst your clothes.
你要是再长胖就要把衣服撑破了。
The water was unusually high this spring and the river burst its banks.
今春河水上涨得特别厉害，把河堤都冲垮了。
He gave the robber a blow that nearly burst his skull.
他给那个强盗一记重击，几乎把他的脑壳打得开花。
完成句子
(1)听众大笑起来。
The audience burst_into loud laughter.
(2)当我把那则坏消息告诉海伦时，她顿时泪水夺眶而出。
When I told her the bad news，Helen burst_into_tears.
(3)当我后来向他提及这段小插曲时，他禁不住大笑起来。
When I mentioned the incident later to him，he burst_out_laughing.
(4)提到他的儿子时，约翰马上大发雷霆。
John burst_with_anger_at the mention of his son.
3
拓展归纳
at the end of... 在……尽头；在……末
in the end 终于，最后
by the end of... 到……末
come to an end 结束
put an end to... (使)……结束
to the end 到底；始终
He didn’t know how to make a living because his money was at an end.
他不知如何谋生，因为他的钱都已花光了。
The long hot summer was at last at an end.
漫长的酷暑终于过去了。
完成句子
(1)我必须警告你，我已忍无可忍了。
I must warn you that my patience is almost at_an_end.
(2)我的同伴在街道尽头等我。
My companion waited for me at_the_end_of_the_street.
(3)这事很难，但最后我还是做成了。
It was difficult，but I did it in_the_end.
(4)一切好事迟早都会结束。(天下没有不散的宴席。)
All good things must come_to_an_end.
4
拓展归纳
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
bring...to ruin使……毁灭
come to ruin毁灭；落空
fall into ruin(变得)破败不堪；衰落
go to ruin损坏
We saw the ruins of the church.
我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。
The building is in ruins.
那座建筑物已成断壁残垣。
She poured water all over my painting and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
The storm ruins the crops.
暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
destroy，damage，ruin
(1)destroy表示严重毁坏某物，使之不复存在或无法修复。
(2)damage表“破坏”，程度弱于destroy，一般指损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的。可构成词组cause/do damage to sth.。
(3)ruin表“毁灭，毁坏；使破产”。作名词，表“毁灭，灭亡，瓦解，衰败(不可数)”“废墟(可数)”。ruin 的程度弱于destroy，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。
完成句子
(1)大火过后，许多建筑物都成为了废墟。
A large number of buildings fell_into_ruins after the big fire.
(2)我们的计划落空了。
Our plan is in_ruins.
(3)恶劣的天气破坏了我们的计划。
The bad weather ruined_our_plan.
(4)那个错误断送了他得到那个工作的机会。
That mistake ruined_his_chance of getting the job.
考题例证
I got caught in the rain and my suit ________.(北京高考)
A．has ruined B．had ruined
C．has been ruined D．had been ruined
答案 C
解析 ruin表示的动作发生在got caught之后，故排除B、D两项。此处表示被动，所以C项正确。
5
injure，wound，hurt
(1)injure一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。
He was slightly injured in the accident.
他在意外事故中受了轻伤。
If you work like this，you will injure your own health.
如果你这样工作的话，你将会损害自己的健康。
(2)wound多指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争或战斗中受伤。
(3)hurt是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感，还可表示“疼；痛”。
用wound，hurt，injure的适当形式填空
(1)About fifty people were seriously wounded in the attack.
(2)I didn’t want to hurt his feelings.
(3)This could seriously injure the company’s reputation.
考题例证
Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had ______his leg.(全国Ⅰ高考)
A．damaged B．hurt C．hit D．struck
答案 B
解析 本题考查动词词义辨析。damage指“破坏，损坏”；hurt“伤害，使……受伤”；hit“击中，打中”；strike指“击打，敲打”。句意为：Mike不能踢球是因为他的腿受伤了。故hurt符合要求。
6 People were shoked
拓展归纳
be shocked at/by (doing) sth.对(做)某事感到震惊
be shocked to do sth.惧怕做某事
It shocked sb.to see/hear...看见/听到……使某人震惊
(be) a shock to sb.对某人来说是个打击
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到很震惊。
I was shocked when I heard about your accident.
当我听到你出事后我很震惊。
My father was shocked.
我的父亲极为震惊。
完成句子
(1)The child’s bad language shocks_everyone(使大家都感到震惊)．
(2)I was afraid of shocking_her(惊动她)．
(3)He_was_shocked_at_her_smoking(对她抽烟感到震惊)．
(4)The news gave me a_great_shock(一个很大的打击)．
7 But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night.(P26)
拓展归纳
think well of对……评价好
think highly of对……评价高
think poorly of对……评价低
think much of重视
think nothing of不重视
完成句子
(1)她认为一天走三十英里没什么。
She thinks_nothing_of walking thirty miles a day.
(2)我对我的新英语老师评价不高。
I don’t_think_highly_of my new English teacher.
(3)他的作品受到评论家的高度评价。
His works is_highly_thought_of by the critics.
8 Sand now filed the wells instead of water
instead，instead of
(1)instead代替，然而。
(2)instead of代替，而不，而没有，不能与in place of替换，但可以与rather than互换。
They went there by bus instead of (rather than) on foot.
他们乘车去那儿而不是步行。
注意：instead of＋doing/pron./prep.phrase/n.
(3)instead为副词，一般放在句末，否定上文提到的事物，而instead of则为介词短语，一般放在句首或句中，否定of后面的宾语。
If you cannot go，he’ll go instead (of you)．
如果你不能去，他将代替你去。
?翻译句子
(1)我要去看的是她而不是你。
I_will_go_to_see_her_instead_of_you.
(2)我哥哥病了，我代他来。
I_have_come_instead_of_my_brother.He_is_ill.
(3)我必须完成工作，不能外出。
I_have_to_finish_my_work_instead_of_going_out.
9 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生。
?用法点拨
(1)此句用过去进行时表示在过去某段时间内连续发生的动作。句中的谓语动词happen作“发生”解。
(2)sb.happen to do sth.意为“某人碰巧/恰好做某事”。其中不定式可以是to do(一般式)/to have done(完成式)/to be doing(进行式)。
I happened to see her yesterday.我昨天碰巧见到她。
She happened to have just finished reading the book.
碰巧她刚刚读完那本书。
(3)It(so)happens that...“(如此)碰巧，恰好”。
It happened that there was a telephone booth nearby.
碰巧在附近有个电话亭。
(4)happen to sb./sth.“某人/物出事或发生了……情况”。
It can happen to anyone.这事可能发生在任何人身上。
单项填空
(1)—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
—What do you suppose ________ to her
A．was happening B．to happen
C．has happened D．having happened
答案 C
(2)They happened to ________ for Tianjin when we got there.
A．leave B．have left C．leaving D．had left
答案 A
(3)If anything ________ you，let me know.
A．is happened to B．is happening C．happens on D．happens to
答案 D
(4)I happened ________ it in some book，so I know the answer.
A．to read B．to have read
C．that I have read D．that I had read
答案 B
10 In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家小院里，小鸡还有猪都紧张得不吃东西。
用法点拨
too...to...结构的用法：
(1)短语too nervous to eat在句子中作表语，意思为“太紧张了而不吃食”，注意词组too...to...意为“太……而不能……”。
Li Ping’s brother is too young to join the army.
李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军。
(2)too...to...可以由词组be not...enough to...替换，上面的例句可以转换为：
Li Ping’s brother is not old enough to join the army.
李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军。
(3)“too＋adj.＋to do”有时表肯定意义。
They were too glad to hear the news.
他们听到这个消息非常高兴。
They seemed to be too nervous and too anxious to leave.
他们似乎非常紧张，急着想离开。
?翻译句子
(1)活到老，学到老。
One_is_never_too_old_to_learn.
(2)我将极高兴地回家。
I_shall_be_only_too_pleased_to_get_home.
(3)听到不幸的消息他太悲伤了。
He_is_too_sad_to_hear_the_bad_news.
11
用法点拨
这是一个部分否定句。
(1)表示“全体”意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all，both，every，everything，everybody等，和否定副词not连用可构成部分否定。
All the students in our class haven’t seen him.
并非全班同学都见过他。
Both of the boys aren’t good at English.
并非两个男孩的英语都好。
(2)全部否定，通常要把这些具有总体意思的词改为相应的否定词，如none，neither，nothing，nobody，no等。
完成句子
(1)此事并非人人皆知。
Everybody_doesn’t know it.
(2)全班同学没人见过他。
None_of_the_students in our class have seen him.
(3)两个男孩的英语都不好。
Neither_of_the_boys_is good at English.
(4)没人知道此事。
Nobody/No_one knows it.
考题例证
You may drop in or just give me a call.________ will do.(安徽高考)
A．Either B．Each C．Neither D．All
答案 A
解析 从前句drop in or give me a call可知，选项表示两者必居其一。
12
用法点拨
(1)as if是连词词组，意为“好像，好似”，相当于as though，一般用于句型It looks/seems as if...中，其意思是“看起来好像……”。其中it为形式主语，没有实际意义。look/seem是连系动词，as if引导的是表语从句。如果所引导的从句表示的情况接近事实，句子要用陈述语气。
除此之外，as if也可以引导方式状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语，此时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。
①从句动词在时间上与主句动词同时发生，从句动词用过去式。
②从句动词在时间上比主句动词早发生，从句动词用had done。
③从句动词在时间上比主句动词晚发生，从句动词用would/could/might＋do。
It looks as if the shirt hadn’t been washed following the instructions.
看来，这件衬衫好像没有按照说明进行洗涤。
It seemed as if the bag had been pressed by something heavy.
看来这个包被什么重东西压过。
He acts(acted) as if(as though) he were an expert.
他表现得就像个专家。
They talked (are talking) as if (as though) they had been friends for years.他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友。
She acts as if she would go to the moon.
她的表现就好像是要去月球似的。
(2)It seems that句型也可以转换成“主语＋seem＋动词不定式”，其意思不变。如果动词不定式为“to be＋形容词”，to be往往省略。
It seems that she is happy.＝She seems to be happy.
她似乎很开心。
It seems that he has found a new job.
＝He seems to have found a new job.
他看起来已经找到了一份新工作。
It seems that they are arguing about the taxi fare.
＝They seem to be arguing about the taxi fare.
他们似乎正在为出租车费而争执。
句型转换
(1)The girl seems much better today than yesterday.
It seems that the girl is much better today than yesterday.
(2)It seems that they have known about it.
They seem to_ have_ known about it.
(3)It seems that he is not rich.
He seems not _to_ be rich.
He doesn’t _seem to be rich.
译文
地球的一个不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生。三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！二十世纪最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里处发生了。100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全国1/3的地方都有震感。一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸气。石头山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多万。
幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。
不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员。数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个万名矿工煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。
英语：Unit4《Earthquakes》测试（2）（新人教版必修1）
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．________，the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was________.
A．At an end; in an end B．In the end; at an end
C．In an end; at the end D．At an end; in the end
答案与解析：B in the end 意为“最后；终于”，at an end 意为“结束；终结”，常用做表语。
2．After the explosion，the roads are full of ________ people leaving the city.
A．afraid B．frightened
C．frightening D．scary
答案与解析：B frightened“感到害怕的”，常用来修饰人。afraid“害怕的”，多用做表语；frightening“令人害怕的”，常用于修饰事物；scary“吓人的；可怕的”。
3．—I hear they will get married next week.
—________
A．Good luck! B．Congratulations!
C．Oh，really D．Yes，sir
答案与解析：C 根据语境可知，回应者对此事感到惊讶，故选C项。
4．After ________ in the research for so many years，the scientist succeeded in finding the result at last.
A．buried B．being buried
C．having buried D．having been buried
答案与解析：D 介词after之后用动名词形式，排除A项；be buried in 是固定短语，且有时间状语for so many years，故用动名词的完成被动式。
5．Nearly two thirds of the area which ________ desert before ________ by grass now.
A．is; is covered
B．was; has been covered
C．was; have been covered
D．were; has been covered
答案与解析：B 由which引导的定语从句修饰area，因有时间状语before用过去时，而分数、百分数作主语时谓语动词的数由of后的名词决定。
6．—I'll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat
—Not at all.________.
A．I have no time B．I'd rather not
C．I'd like it D．I'd be happy to
答案与解析：D 考查不定式的省略。I'd be happy to后省略了“look after your cat”。
7．A bomb ________ two buildings and damaged several others.
A．destroyed B．damaged
C．hurt D．injured
答案与解析：A destroy“摧毁”，强调破坏的程度之大不能进行修复。damage指破坏后还可以进行修复；hurt常用于指情感上的伤害；injure常指身体所受到的伤害。
8．Is there any other reader ________ wants to renew his book
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．which
答案与解析：A 先行词reader是表示人的名词；定语从句缺少主语，故用who引导定语从句。
9．—Have you ever been to Rome
—No，but that's the very city ________ I'd like to visit most.
A．where B．that
C．which D．in which
答案与解析：B 当先行词是the very，the only或被其修饰时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that。
10．________ from what he did，he isn't a person to depend on.
A．Judge B．Judging
C．Judged D．Judges
答案与解析：B Judging from...“根据……来判断”，属独立结构作状语。
11．Upon graduation from school，how well will you ________ the job that lies ahead
A．prepare B．prepare for
C．be prepared for D．be preparing
答案与解析：C 题意：你一毕业，为摆在你面前的工作做好了多么充分的准备？be prepared for“准备好”，强调状态，符合题意。
12．The movement of the Earth's crust along faults and plate margins sometimes causes ________，which have destroyed many cities and killed millions of people.
A．thunders B．lightenings
C．quakes D．floods
答案与解析：C 从题干前半部分“地壳沿着断层和板块边缘的运动有时可导致……”及后半部分产生的后果，可推知空处应为“地震”。A意为“打雷”；B意为“闪电”；D意为“洪水”。
13．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ________ pictures of them.
A．many of B．the number of
C．large numbers of D．a large amount of
答案与解析：C large numbers of相当于a large number of，意为“大量的；许多”，修饰可数名词复数。
14．—The exam was easy，wasn't it
—Yes，but I don't think ________ could pass it.
A．somebody B．anybody
C．nobody D．everybody
答案与解析：D not...everybody为部分否定，意为“并非人人”，与but引导表示转折关系的从句相符。
15．I didn't know anybody at the party，but the hostess came to my ________ by introducing me to a few people.
A．help B．save
C．rescue D．life
答案与解析：C come to one's rescue为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
“Christmas comes but once a year” is a familiar phrase，and indeed for many people the 25th of December is the highlight of the calendar.
But for one British man once a year is not enough.Andy Park，who is better known by his nickname Mr.Christmas，has celebrated Christmas every single day for the last 14 years.
The 44 year old electrician claims to have eaten a full roast dinner every day for the last decade and a half，having his way through over 5,000 turkeys,117,000 Brussels sprouts，and around 30,000 roast potatoes in the process.He also sends himself a Christmas card every day and looks forward to opening a present he has bought himself each evening，while watching the Queen's Speech.
Mr.Park estimates (估价) his festive fetish costs him ￡150 (1,570 yuan) a week.This year，however，the divorcee says he is feeling the pinch (拮据) due to the global financial crisis，and is decreasing his celebrations.His Christmas habit is putting a strain on more than just his wallet.Mr.Park was previously warned by his doctor that his Christmas addiction could kill him.His daily over cost has caused his weight up to 19 stone (121kg)．
“I'll never forget the day it started，” said Mr.Park.“The sun was shining，but I was just feeling fed up and bored，so I went home and put the decorations up.Suddenly I was happy.I thought，this is fun.So I did it again the next day，and the day after that.”
And Mr.Park has not been content to keep his Christmas cheer to himself.In 2005 he released a song which was called “It's Christmas Every Day”，but has yet to find chart success.
1．How old was Mr.Park when he first celebrated his daily Christmas
A．44. B．24.
C．22. D．29.
答案与解析：D 数字计算题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，这个狂热者44岁了，他已经像这样庆祝圣诞节有15年了(the last decade and a half即15年)。44－15＝29岁。
2．The doctor warned him because________.
A．he spent too much money on Christmas
B．his addiction and diet did harm to his health
C．he ate too much and became poor
D．Mr.Park felt bad and worried
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后两句话可知，医生已经警告了Mr.Park他这种沉溺影响了他的正常饮食，导致他严重肥胖，伤及了其身体健康。
3．He did many things to celebrate daily Christmas EXCEPT________.
A．buying a Christmas card for himself
B．inviting friends to his home
C．setting many decorations at home
D．having a big meal
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Mr.Park为了庆祝圣诞节会每天买卡片给自己，还在家里摆设上很多装饰品，另外还会买火鸡吃。只有B项文章中没有提到。
4．How will Mr.Park deal with his pinch
A．By decreasing Christmas decoration.
B．By canceling his daily Christmas.
C．By recording a Christmas song.
D．By seeing his doctor.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句话“...and is decreasing his celebrations.”可知。
Ⅲ.篇章结构
My husband and children think they are very lucky that they are living and that it's Christmas again.They can't see that we live in a dirty street in a dirty house among people who aren't much good.But Johnny and children can't see this.__1__ I decided that my children must get out of this.The money that we've saved isn't nearly enough.
The McGaritys have money but they are so proud.__2__ The McGarity girl just yesterday stood out there in the street eating from a bag of candy(糖果)while a ring of hungry children watched her.I saw those children looking at her and crying in their hearts; and when she couldn't eat any more she threw the rest down the sewer(下水道)．Why？Is it only because they have money？__3__
Miss Jackson who teaches at the Settlement House isn't rich，but she knows things.__4__ Her eyes look straight into yours when she talks with you.She can read your mind.__5__
A．I'd like to see the children be like Miss Jackson when they grow up.
B．There is more to happiness than money in the world，isn't there
C．I myself saved some money .
D．They look down upon the poor.
E．What a pity it is that our neighbours have to make happiness out of all this dirt.
F．She understands people.
答案：1.E 2.D 3.B 4.F 5.A
Ⅳ.短文改错
I am good at all the subjects，and always ready help others.At school I get along well with my classmates.Therefore，I have a problem that troubles myself all the time.It's the relationship among my deskmate and me.He is a hard working student，who keeps school rule well.But he's a person with few words.What's more，he got angry easily.I don't know what to deal with him.Maybe it's why we've seldom sat down to exchange our feelings or thoughts.I value our friendship.I hope we can know more about with each other and understand each other better.I do hope we will be close to each other than before.
答案：
I am good at all the subjects，and always ready help others.At school I get along well with my classmates.，I have a problem that troubles all the time.It's the relationship my deskmate and me.He is a hard working student，who keeps school well.But he's a person with few words.What's more，he angry easily.I don't know to deal with him.Maybe it's we've seldom sat down to exchange our feelings or thoughts.I value our friendship.I hope we can know more about with\ each other and understand each other better.I do hope we will be to each other than before.(共38张PPT)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
languages points
1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you
must leave it right away.假设你的家开始晃动,你
必须立刻离开
Shake（shook,shaken)
v.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动
n.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动
翻译:服药前请摇动瓶子
Please shake the bottle before taking the medicine.
当火车经过时大地在剧烈地震动
When the train passed by,the earth shook seriously
这个可怜的孩子正冻得发抖
The poor child was shaking with cold.
联想记忆:
shake hands with sb.
shake one’s head/nod one’s head
shake sb by the hand=shake one’s hand
shake one’s fist at sb
right away=right now=at once=immediately
立刻;马上
We must be off right away/right now.It’s eight .
请立刻把这篇文章打出来
Please type this article out right away/right now
right away不可用于进行时态,right now还相当于
at this very moment;at present在此刻,此时,可用于
进行时态
他们正在录制唱片
They are making the record right now
翻译:他此刻正在写一本小说
He is writing a novel right now.
现在是暑假我在农场上帮助爸爸干活
Right now it is summer vocation and I’m helping
my dad on the farm.
2. For three days the water in the village wells rose
and fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位
升升落落不停.
@rise (rose,risen) vi.升起, 起身, 高耸, 增长, 上升
n.上升, 增加, 上涨, 发生, 出现
Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
He rose from his chair when the door bell rang.
Prices continue to rise.
raise [reIz]( raised, raising)
vt.
抬高；举起
I will not raise a hand against you.
我不会做任何不利于你的事。
提高；增加
to raise salaries
提高工资
他把手臂举过头顶。
He raised his arms above his head.
他们坚决要求提高工资
They insisted on raising salaries
rise 与 raise 上升，提高
The price of tomatoes has _________(rise,raise)
recently.
The price of the tomatoes has been ____ (rise,raise)recently.
He ____ (rise,raise)the child from the ground
The child ____(rise,raise) from the ground.
rose
raised
raised
rose
3. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.发臭的气体
从裂缝中冒出来。
@smelly adj.有臭味的
eg:The food was smelly.
扩展: n.+y构成形容词
blood---- mud---- sun----- cloud----
rain---- wind--- taste---- dream----
ice---- greed---- fat---- fog-----
4. In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs
were too nervous to eat.
@too…to… 太…以至于不能 (表否定)
口头翻译:
李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军
Li Ping’s brother is too young to join the army.
=Li Ping’s brother is not old enough to join ….
听到这个消息他紧张地说不出话来.
Hearing the good news,he was too nervous to speak.
“too…to…”结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，
是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分…”
“实在……””真是太……”等
I am only too happy to teach you.
我非常高兴教你们。
He is but too glad to do so
他非常喜欢这样做
You can never be too old to enjoy a song.
我们绝对不会老得不能获得歌曲带来的欢乐
Too…to.. 结构中带有表示心情或描绘性的adj/adv
Eg ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,anxious etc
She is too ready to help other.
他乐于助人。
I am too eager to have a world trip.
我很想去环球旅行
扩展
修饰单数名词
too+adj.+a+n:
I think she’s too kind a girl to refuse.
扩展:
5. In the city,the water pipes in some buildings
cracked and burst.在城市里,有些建筑物里的水管
出现裂缝或者破裂.
@crack vi. 使开裂,破裂,
eg:
The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.
玻璃制成的瓶子当从桌子摔落到地上时容易破碎
The bottles made of glass easily crack when they
fell into the ground from the table.
n. 裂缝,裂纹
翻译:今天别去滑冰了-----冰上有危险的裂缝.
Don’t go skating today---there are dangerous
cracks in the ice.
镜子破裂了
The mirror cracked.
墙上有个裂缝
There is a crack in the wall
爆炸；胀裂；
突然而起；闯入
burst (burst,burst;bursting)
The balloon burst suddenly.
气球突然爆炸了
水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
(水库,堤坝等)决口
河水冲毁了堤岸，淹没了村子
The river burst its banks and flooded the town.
If you get much fatter you will burst your clothes.
扩展:
burst into+n 突然….
burst into tears
burst into song
burst into leaf
burs into flower
她突然闯进门。
She burst into the door.
突然哭起来
突然唱起来
长出叶子
开花
burst out+v-ing :suddenly begin doing sth
burst out crying
burst out laughing
burst out singing
突然哭起来
突然笑起来
突然唱起来
burst into the room 闯入房间
a burst of applause/anger/tears 一阵…..
6.It seemed that the world was at an end.
似乎世界末日来临
@at en end 结束;终结
The war was at an end.
区分: at the end of;by the end of; in the end.
There is a big bookstore _____ this road.
There is a pretty bird singing _____ the tree.
How many English words had you learned ____ __
____________ last term.
He will be a scientist _____.
My father will return home _____ ______ this year.
at the end of
at the end of
by the end of
in the end
at the end of
bring/put ….to an end 使终止
come to an end. 结束
end up with 以….而告终
at the end (of ) :在……末尾，指时间和空间
by the end of :到……末为止
in the end : 最后，最终，不与of 连用
其他词组：
7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins
在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变为废墟.
@ruin n.废墟(c.n),毁灭(u.n) Vt. 使毁灭
in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语
战争给这个国家带来了毁灭
The war brought ruin to the country.
Our plan is in ruins
我们的计划泡汤了
暴风雨摧毁了农作物
The storm ruined the crops.
那建筑物已断壁残垣
如果你继续这样愚蠢下去,你将自毁前程
You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.
The building is in ruins
8.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured
during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死
亡或受伤
injure vt.损害,受伤 adj. injured 受伤的,受委屈的
He can't play today because he's injured his knee.
因为伤了膝盖，他今天不能比赛。
Among the dead and injured,there were six children.
死伤的人中，有六名儿童。
辨析:hurt,injure,wound
hurt受伤的一般用语,常指心灵的伤害,也可指身体
的受伤或疼痛.
wound指战场上的刀伤或枪伤
damage 指对物体的破坏或损坏
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可以表示
“损害名誉,伤害感情等”
His words ______her feelings.
It ______the eyes to read in the sun.
More than 200 people were _________in the car
accident.
The soldiers were __________-in the battle.
hurt
hurts
injured
wounded
9. The number of people who were killed or injured
reached more than 400 000.
伤亡的人数达到400 000.
He sent his son to join the army as soon as he
reached 18.
Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.
We’ve got to reach an agreement about this
question.
The boy wasn’t tall enough to reach the branches.
The park reaches as far as the river.
达到(指某种数目)
抵达,传到
达成(协议)得出(结论)
伸手够到(某物)
vi.延伸
10. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was
destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,哪里一切都几乎被
毁坏了.
everywhere=wherever =no matter where 在这里做连词用,引导状语从句.如:
Everywhere he appeared, he was popular.
无论他出现在哪里，他都是受欢的
无论他去哪，他的狗都跟着他。
Everywhere he goes,his dogs follows him.
everywhere pron. 到处，处处
我们到处找你。
We have looked everywhere for you.
到处是深谷
Everywhere are deep valleys.
11.Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again
数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了
@tens of thousands of 数以万计的
hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千的
hundreds of thousands 数以十万计的
thousands of 数千计的
millions of 数百万计的
scores of 许许多多的
dozens of 许多，大量
12. People were shocked. 人们感到震惊.
.
I was shocked at the news of her death.
He was shocked to know he had been cheated
Liu xiang shocked the whole world
(2)n. 打击,震惊,休克
The shock of the failure in the exam made her ill.
It gave me quite a shock to learn that he had married again.
The patient went into another shock.
@shock vt.&n.
(1)vt. Cause a shock to sb.使某人吃惊,使愤慨
13. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were
trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被
困在废墟中
@rescue vt. 援救;营救 rescue sb from sb/sth
救出一孩子免于溺毙
rescue a child from drowning
解放军战士从即将倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太。
The PLA man rescued the old lady from the falling
house.
n. 援救, 营救
a rescue team; a rescue mission.
救援队；营救任务
@trap (trapped,trapped) n.陷阱，圈套
vt. 使受限制(困)于;诱骗
The car was trapped in the deep snow.
15.people began to wonder how long the disaster
would last. 人们开始困惑这灾难要持续多久
@disaster (c.n.)灾难,灾祸,灾害
adj. disastrous
adv. disastrously
16. The army organized teams to dig out those who
are trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成救援队
挖掘那些受困的人们并埋葬死者。
bury vt. (1)place (a dead body) in the ground埋葬
eg: He was buried with his wife.
(2)hide 掩埋 隐藏,
Our dog buries its bones in the garden.
She buried her face in her hands and wept.
她双手掩面哭了起来.
(3)短语:bury oneself in the country 隐居乡间
bury oneself in sth 埋头于某事物,专心致志于某事
be buried in thoughts/memories of the past
沉思/回忆往事
@dig out 掘出;发现 eg:
他把狐狸从洞中掘出来了，
He dug out the fox from/dug the fox out of the hole.
to dig information out of books 从书本挖掘知识
to dig out truth 寻求真理
17.To the north of the city,most of the 10 000
miners were rescued from the coal mines.
在城市的北部,一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救
出。
@表方位介词in,to与on
in表示“在其中”,在境内;to表示“向”的意思,在境外
on 表示与境界相接.
Japan lies ____ the east of Asia.
Japan lies ____ the east of China.
Fujian lies ______the northeast of Duangdong.
in
to
on
18.Fresh water was taken to the city by train……
@fresh adj.新鲜的, 无经验的, 生的,(水)淡的
fresh water------------salt water
fresh fruit/air/vegetables
a fresh hand(新手,初学者)
freshman----sophomore----junior----senior英语：Unit4《Earthquakes》Period Three精品学案（新人教版必修1）
Period Three Using Language
1 congratulations!
拓展归纳
congratulation“庆祝，祝贺”，常用复数形式，并与介词on搭配。congratulate为动词形式，常用于congratulate sb.on sth.，congratulate oneself that等结构中。
congratulation应用于成功、结婚、毕业等个人性的祝贺，不用于节日致辞；表“祝词”时常用复数形式，但表示抽象意义时，不用复数形式。
It’s your birthday today？Congratulations!
今天是你的生日？恭喜，恭喜！
I offered my congratulations on her success.
我对她的成功表示祝贺。
Congratulations on winning the prize！祝贺你获奖！
congratulate，celebrate
(1)congratulate意为“祝贺”，可以以个人或团体的形式向个人或团体口头上或以实物的形式表示；
(2)celebrate意为“庆祝”，往往以某种具体的形式并且不止一个人的形式表示。
?完成句子
(1)——我刚刚通过了考试。
—I’ve just got a pass in the examination.
——祝贺你！
—Congratulations!
(2)他们收到了很多祝贺信。
They received many letters_of_congratulation.
2 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.（P30）
拓展归纳
judge
judging from...由……来判断，引导的是一个独立成分，不能改为judged。
in one’s judgement按……的看法
pass judgement on sb.对某人宣判
I can’t judge whether he’s right or wrong.
我不能判断他是对还是错。
They judged him to be in his middle twenties.
他们估计他有二十五、六岁。
完成句子
(1)你不该以貌取人。
You can’t judge a person by his appearance.
(2)根据你的话可以看出，他应该能成功。
Judging_from_what_you_say，he ought to succeed.
(3)一个人应该从他的所作所为来判断，而不是根据他的话来判断。
A man should be_judged_by_his_deeds，not_by his words.
(4)从他脸上的神情看，他觉得这酒并不怎样。
Judging_by_the_look_on_his_face，he doesn’t think much of the wine.
3
拓展归纳
do honour to纪念……；给……带来荣誉
have the honour有做某事的荣誉
do sb.the honour (of doing sth.)
使某人有特殊的荣幸(做……)；做……而给予某人面子
in honour of为向……表示敬意；为纪念……；为祝贺……honourable adj.可敬的，值得敬佩的
We should show honour to the old.
我们应该尊敬老人。
I felt highly honoured by your trust.
能得到您的信任，我感到十分荣幸。
It is a great honour to be invited.
承蒙邀请，十分荣幸。
翻译句子
(1)他以勇气赢得大家的尊敬。
He_won_honour_for_his_courage.
(2)今晚你能赏光与我共进晚餐吗？
Would_you_honour_me_by_dining_with_me_tonight
(3)士兵的英勇行为为他带来了荣耀和赞美。
The_soldier’s_brave_deeds_brought_him_honour_and_glory.
(4)我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。
I_consider_it_a_great_honour_to_be_invited_to_dinner.
4
拓展归纳
向某人表示/表达某事
express oneself表达自己的意思
an express bus/coach/train特快公共汽车/长途汽车/列车
完成句子
(1)言语无法表达我的愉快心情。
Words_can_not_express how pleased I am.
(2)十几岁的孩子在表达思想方面经常有困难。
Teenagers often have difficulties in_expressing_themselves.
(3)他要坐特快列车去那儿。
He will go there on_an_express_train.
5
用法点拨
句中的as引导非限制性定语从句，as代替主句内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
as作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
(1)as 引导限制性定语从句时，通常用于the same...as...和such...as...句型中。在定语从句中as可用作主语、宾语和表语。
I want the same car as he drives every day.
我想有一辆他每天开的那样的轿车。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，往往修饰整个主句，代表主句所表述的内容。as引导的定语从句，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。
完成句子
(1)众所周知，发光的并非全是金子。
All that glitters is not gold，as_everybody_knows.
(2)据说，他们要派我们去帮助那些欠发达地区的儿童。
As_is_said，they will send us to help the children in the less developed areas.
(3)据上周报道，在这家外国公司的帮助下，他们将要发射另一颗人造卫星。
They would send up another man made satellite，as_was_reported_last_week，with the help of the foreign company.
(4)她学习很好，这使她父母很满意。
She did well in her studies，which_made_her_parents_satisfied.
6 We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得了第一名。
用法点拨
此句中含有由that引导的宾语从句，从句用的是现在完成时，表示动作已经完成了。be pleased to do sth.表示“很高兴做……”。
be pleased with对……感到满意
be pleased at his success对他的成功感到高兴
be pleased with oneself对自己感到满意
be distinctly pleased显然很满意
be highly pleased非常满意
翻译句子
(1)亚当，我看到你真高兴。
I’m_pleased_to_see_you，Adam.
(2)能和你一起做生意，我太高兴了。
I_am_only_too_pleased_to_do_business_with_you.
(3)我为自己能够帮上忙感到很高兴。
I_was_very_pleased_to_be_able_to_help.
7 Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28 at 11:00a.m..我们办公室（的人）想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行一次演讲。
用法点拨
“have＋sb.＋do sth.”句型意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的have是使役动词，sb.作宾语，其后的do sth.是省略to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
have sth.done与have sb./sth.doing
(1)have sth.done表示sth.与过去分词之间是被动关系。We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
(2)have sb./sth.doing表示sb./sth.与现在分词之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行。
We can’t have that sort of thing happening.
我们不能允许发生那种事。
完成句子
(1)我们很高兴你和我们一道工作。
We’d be delighted to_have_you_work_with_us.
(2)我会找人给你修理自行车的。
I’ll have_someone_repair the bike for you.
译文
中国，河北
唐山市政府办公室
200______年7月5日
亲爱的____________：
恭喜你！ 我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名。评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。你的父母和你的学校会为你而骄傲！
下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们。并向那些曾经为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬。我们办公室想请你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者进行演讲。你知道，三十______年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子。
在这个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你把家人和朋友一起带来。
诚挚的，
张沙英语：Unit4《Earthquakes》Period Two精品学案（新人教版必修1）
Period Two Learning about Language
关系代词引导的定语从句
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，其中that，which，who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose用作定语。
1．that既可以指物，也可以指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但不能直接跟在介词后。
The woman that burst out of the room just now was angry with you.
刚才冲出房间的那个女士生你的气了。(指人，作主语)
This is the novel that interests me.
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)
2．which用来指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但直接跟在介词后时不能省略。
The United States is a country which has a short history.
美国是一个历史很短的国家。(作主语)
I have lost the book (which) you lent me yesterday.
我把你昨天借给我的那本书弄丢了。(作lent的宾语)
This is the house in which I once lived.
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
3．who用来指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但直接跟在介词后时需用whom，且不能省略。
The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.
正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。(作主语)
The professor (who/whom) you wish to see has gone abroad.
你希望见的那位教授出国了。(作宾语)
He is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.
他就是与你母亲谈过话的那位医生。(作介词to的宾语，不用who，不能省略)
4．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。
This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。
He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。
注意：whose 通常可用“the＋n.＋of whom/which”替换，以上两句可以分别替换成：
This is the woman scientist，the name of whom is known all over the country.
He lives in a room，the window of which faces north.
5．在以下情况中用that不用which。
(1)当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
All that is needed has been bought.
所需要的一切都已经买全了。
(2)当先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被其修饰时。
The first thing that should be done is to get some food.
要做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
(3)当先行词被the very，the only等修饰时。
That’s the only thing that we can do now.
那是目前我们唯一能做的事。
(4)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。
They talked about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.
他们谈论起在工厂里看到的人和事。
(5)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
China is not the country that she used to be.
中国已经不是过去的中国了。
(6)当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the car that was made in Beijing
哪辆车是北京制造的？
(7)当先行词为the way，the time，the period等时，关系代词用that，但通常被省略。
I don’t like the way (that) you spoke to her.
我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。
6．以下情况中用which不用that。
(1)关系词前有逗号，即形成非限制性定语从句时。
He has a walk every night，which does good to him.
他每晚都散步，这对他有好处。
(2)当关系代词前有介词且先行词指物时。
Here is the car about which I told you.
这就是我向你谈到过的那辆汽车。
(3)当先行词本身是that时。
That which is well done is twice done.
一次做得好等于做两次。
(4)当关系代词之后有插入成分时。
I have received your letter which，as I have told you，is badly needed by the press.
我已收到您的来信，这封信，正如我所告诉您的，是新闻界急需的。
及时反馈
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1．The building whose wall is white is my uncle’s house.
2．I know the boy who/that/whom you are looking for.
3．Will you please lend me the very book that you bought yesterday
4．The student who/whom/that the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.
5．The season which/that comes after spring is summer.
6．Is this museum the one you visited last Saturday
7．I found some photos of interesting places which/that were not far away from our city.
8．The boy with whom John spoke is my brother.
9．The girl whose leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.
Ⅱ.把下列每组句子合并成一个含定语从句的复合句
1．The teacher pointed out the mistakes.The students hadn’t corrected them.
The_teacher_pointed_out_the_mistakes_(which/that)_the_students_hadn’t_corrected.
2．We’ll discuss the questions.He raised them yesterday.
We’ll_discuss_the_questions_(which/that)_he_raised_yesterday.
3．Do you know the student’s address(住址)？Her name is Jenny.
Do_you_know_the_student’s_address_whose_name_is_Jenny
4．I met my teacher in the street yesterday.He taught me Chinese three years ago.
Yesterday_in_the_street_I_met_the_teacher_who_taught_me_Chinese_three_years_ago.
5．The child is a very good student now.You saved him in the earthquake.
The_child_(whom)_you_saved_in_the_earthquake_is_a_very_good_student_now.
6．That was the best exhibition (展览)．It was shown in this city last year.
That_was_the_best_exhibition_which_was_shown_in_this_city_last_year.
