2022届一轮复习人教版（2019）：必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 课件（55张ppt）

(共55张PPT)
必修一Unit
4　Natural
Disasters
主题语境：人与自然(灾害防范)
【话题词汇】
1.ecology
n.
生态
2.noisy
adj.
嘈杂的；喧闹的
3.evolution
n.
进化；演变
4.extreme
adj.
极端的
5.primitive
adj.
原始的，远古的
6.expectation
n.
预料；期望
7.responsibility
n.
责任；负责
8.conservation
n.
保存；保护
9.ban
vt.
禁止
10.permit
vt.&
n.
许可；允许
11.reduce
v.
减少
12.substitute
v.
取代
13.advocate
vt.
拥护；支持；提倡
14.challenging
adj.
具有挑战性的
15.sustainable
adj.
可持续的
【话题短语】
1.call
on/appeal
to
sb.to
do
sth.
号召/呼吁某人做某事
2.take
action
采取行动
3.make
joint
efforts
共同努力
4.attach
great
importance
to
十分重视
5.call
for
要求；提倡；邀请
6.carry
out
开展；实施
7.participate
in
参与
8.in
charge
of
负责
9.arouse
people's
awareness
of
environmental
protection
提高人们的环保意识
10.fight
against
与……作斗争
【话题佳句】
1.With
the
help
of
the
people
all
over
China,
people
in
disaster
areas
overcame
many
difficulties
and
rebuilt
their
homes.在全中国人民的帮助下，灾区的人们克服了许许多多的困难，重建了家园。
2.There
is
no
doubt
that
the
earth
is
becoming
warmer
and
that
it
is
human
activities
that
have
caused
this
global
warming.
毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。
3.Many
lives
will
be
saved
if
first
aid
is
given
immediately.
如果及时施行急救，很多生命都能挽回。
【话题练习】
1.Only
with
combined
efforts
can
we
expect
our
hometown
will
take
on
a
new
look
in
due
course.唯有通力合作，我们才能期望我们的家乡不久会有新的面貌。
2.There
is
no
doubt
that
it
will
have
a
great
effect
on
all
the
relevant
countries
and
contribute
to
the
economic
and
cultural
development
of
the
world.
毫无疑问，这将对相关国家有很大影响，促进世界经济和文化的发展。
基础回顾
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．________
n．&vt.
营救；救援
2．________
vt.
损害；破坏n.
损坏；损失
3．________
vt.
摧毁；
毁灭
4．________
vt.
影响；
(疾病)侵袭；
深深打动
5．________
n.
避难处；
居所；
庇护vt.
保护；
掩蔽vi.
躲避(风雨或危险)
6．________
vt.
使落入险境；
使陷入圈套n.
险境；
陷阱
7．________
vt.
埋葬；
安葬
8．________
vi.&
vt
呼吸
rescue　
damage　
destroy　
affect　
shelter　
trap
bury　
breathe　
9．________
n.
努力；
艰难的尝试；
尽力
10．________
n.
供应(量)
;
补给；
[pl.]
补给品
11．________
n.
灾难；灾害
12．________
vi.&vt.
(使)滑行；滑动
13．________
n.
洪水；大量vi.
淹没；大量涌入vt.
使灌满水；淹没
14．________
n．&vt.
破坏；毁坏
15．________
n.
智慧；才智
effort　
supply　
disaster　
slide　
flood　
ruin　
wisdom
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1．________
v.
死(亡)→________
n.
死；
死亡→________adj.
死的；无生命的
2．________
vt.
&
vi.
(使)震惊；
震动→________
adj.
令人震惊的→________
adj.
震惊的
3．__________
n.
电；
电流；
电学→__________
adj.
电的；用电的→________
adj.
发电的
4．________
vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→________
n．振兴；复苏
5．________
adj.
聪明的→________
n．智慧；
才智
die
death
dead
shock　
shocking　
shocked　
electricity　
electric　
electrical　
revive　
revival　
wise　
wisdom　
6．________
vt.&
vi.
遭受；忍受；经历→________
n．痛苦，苦难
7．________
v．生存；
生还→________
n．幸存；
继续生存→________
n.
幸存者；
残存物
8．________
n．电力供应，能量，力量；控制力→________
adj.
强大的；强有力的→________
adj.无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
9．________
n．突发事件；
紧急情况→________
adj.新兴的
10．________
n．长；
长度→________
adj.长的
11．________
vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite
vi.&vt.团结
suffer　
suffering　
survive　
survival　
survivor　
power　
powerful　
powerless　
emergency　
emergent　
length　
long
unify
联想拓展
后缀?-ist名词荟萃
①biologist
生物学家
②chemist
化学家
③physicist
物理学家
④scientist
科学家
⑤psychologist
心理学家
in＋n.表示“处于……之中”
①in
need
需要
②in
trouble
在困境中
③in
danger
处于危险中
④in
progress
正在进展中
⑤in
surprise
吃惊
⑥in
fashion
正在流行
Ⅲ.核心短语
1．________________
严重受损；破败不堪
2．________________
震惊；吃惊
3．________________
数以万计的
4．________________
谈起；说起；提到；指的是
5．________________
至少；起码；无论如何
6．________________
露天，
在户外
7．________________
结束
8．________________
达到特定水平
in
ruins
in
shock
tens
of
thousands
of
refer
to
at
least
in
the
open
air
come
to
an
end
stand
at
sth.
9．________________
消灭，彻底消除
10．________________
现有(尤指帮助)
11．________________
似乎；好像；仿佛
12．________________
保持冷静
13．________________
像往常一样
14．________________
……的数量
15．________________
挖掘
16．________________
经历
sweep
away
on
hand
as
if
stay
calm
as
usual
the
number
of　
dig
out
go
through
联想拓展
-ing/-ed结尾的形容词聚焦
①shocking
令人震惊的
shocked
感到震惊的
②frightening
令人恐惧的
frightened
受惊的
③terrifying
令人害怕的
terrified
感到害怕的
④disappointing
令人失望的
disappointed
感到失望的
⑤surprising
令人吃惊的
surprised
感到惊讶的
表示“程度”的副词集锦
①extremely
极度地
②entirely
完全地
③completely
完全地，彻底地
④perfectly
完美地
⑤awfully
非常；极其
⑥wholly
完全地；全面地
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．句型公式：
too＋adj.＋to...太……而不能……
In
the
farmyards,
the
chickens
and
even
the
pigs
were
______________
(太紧张了而不吃东西).
2．句型公式：It
seems/seemed
as
if...看起来似乎……
_______________
(看起来似乎)
the
world
was
at
an
end!
3．everywhere引导让步状语从句
_______________________
(幸存者无论往哪里看),
there
was
nothing
but
ruins.
too
nervous
to
eat
It
seemed
as
if
Everywhere
survivors
looked
课堂讲解
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．power
n．能力；力量；权力
【典型例句】
As
is
known
to
us,
knowledge
is
power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
?
(1)have
the
power
to
do
sth.
具有做某事的能力
come
to
power
上台；执政(动作)
be
in
power
执政；掌权(状态)
beyond
one's
power
力所不能及的
(2)powerful
adj.
强有力的
【练透考点】单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
do
believe
that
encouragement
is
so
________
(power)
that
it
can
change
a
person.
②I
will
do
everything
________
my
power
to
help
you.
③两个小时结束这项工作，超出了我的能力范围。
It
is
__________________
to
finish
the
task
in
two
hours.
④It
is
two
years
since
the
party
came
to
power.
＝The
party
____________________
for
two
years.
【佳句背诵】
Young
people
now
don't
look
for
jobs,
but
just
complain
about
unemployment.
现在的年轻人不去工作，就只会一味地抱怨失业。
powerful
in
beyond
my
power
has
been
in
power
2．calm
vt.&
vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定　adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
【典型例句】
I
wonder
if
you
can
help
me
to
calm
the
little
boy
down.
不知道您能否帮我让这个小男孩平静下来。
?
(1)calm
down
平静下来
calm
sb.down
使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
(2)
stay/remain/keep
calm
保持镇静
【练透考点】完成句子
①激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。
The
excited
football
fans
________________
at
last.
②让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。
________________________；there
is
no
need
to
feel
upset
about
it.
③在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。
It
is
important
to
________________
in
face
of
danger.
【熟词生义】
The
calm
sea
glistened
in
the
sunlight.
adj.
风平浪静
【佳句背诵】
I
kept
telling
myself
to
keep
calm.
我不断叮嘱自己要保持冷静。
calmed
down
Calm
yourself
down
keep
calm
3．strike
vi.&
vt.(struck；struck/stricken)打/撞击/罢工/突然想到/打动，迷住；(钟)
敲；侵袭n.罢工
【典型例句】
Struck
by
the
beauty
of
the
West
Lake，we
stopped
to
admire
the
beautiful
scenery.
被西湖美景所打动，我们驻足欣赏这美丽的景色。
?
(1)be
struck
with/by
为……所袭击(感动)
It
strikes
sb.
that...
某人突然想到……
(2)strike...into
one's
heart
使……刻骨铭心
(3)be
on
strike
在罢工
go
on
strike
举行罢工
【练透考点】写出黑体部分的含义
①The
clock
struck
twelve
when
I
got
home
last
night.____________
②A
terrible
earthquake
did
strike
the
northeast
of
Japan
on
March
11.____________
③A
good
idea
struck
me
when
I
was
reading
the
newspapers.________
④The
visitors
were
struck
by
the
beauty
of
the
West
Lake.__________
(钟)敲
侵袭
突然想到
打动；迷住
【佳句背诵】
Meeting
my
dear
teachers
and
fellow
students
after
so
many
years
was
indeed
a
warm
occasion，one
I'd
strike
into
my
heart
forever.
这么多年以后遇到我亲爱的老师和同学真的是一个温暖的时刻，这一刻让我刻骨铭心。
4．effect
n．结果；效力　vt.
产生；达到目的
【典型例句】
Best
of
all,
humor
raises
your
energy,
and
that
can
have
an
effect
on
everything
you
do
at
school,
at
work,
or
in
your
personal
life.[2020·江苏高考]
最重要的是，幽默能提高你的精力，这会对你在学校、工作或个人生活中所做的一切产生影响。
?
(1)have
an
effect
on/upon
对……产生影响
come
into
effect
生效
side
effect
副作用
(2)effective
adj.
有效的；有影响的
effectively
adv.
有效地；实际上，事实上
【练透考点】单句语法填空
①The
measures
taken
by
the
local
government
will
____________
(生效)
next
month.
②There
is
no
doubt
that
reading
books
can
have
a
good
effect
________
the
children.
③In
my
opinion,
go
outdoors
and
play
team
games
with
your
friends，which
is
an
________
(effect)
way
to
get
rid
of
anger.
④[2019·天津3月卷]How
could
one
________
(effect)
be
an
unbiased
(无偏见的)
writer
with
only
a
knowledge
of
the
popular
opinion
of
society?
come
into
effect
on
effective　
effectively
【佳句背诵】
While
running
regularly
can't
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
is
more
effective
at
lengthening
life
than
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
虽然经常跑步不能让你长命百岁，但评论说，跑步比散步、骑自行车或游泳更能延长寿命。
5．survive
vi.生存；存活　vt.幸存；艰难度过
【典型例句】
Unluckily，no
one
survived
the
terrible
accident.
不幸的是，
没有人从这个可怕的事故中幸存。
?
(1)survive
sth.
幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
A
survive
B
(by...)
A比B活得长……
survive
on
依靠……生存下来
survive
from...
从……存活下来，流传下来
(2)survivor
n.
幸存者
survival
n.
[U]幸存；[C]残存物
【练透考点】单句语法填空
①Some
strange
customs
have
survived
________
earlier
times.
②The
old
lady
has
survived
all
her
sisters
and
brothers
________
ten
years.
【语境助记】
He
was
the
only
survivor
in
that
bad
accident，and
after
the
survival，he
has
been
living
a
happy
and
healthy
life.
【佳句背诵】
Boarding
taught
me
confidence,
independence,
how
to
survive
and
compete.
寄宿生活教会我自信、独立、如何生存和竞争。
from
by
Ⅱ.核心短语
6．on
hand
现有(尤指帮助)
【典型例句】
Give
away
any
food
you
have
on
hand.
把你手头的食物分发送人。
?
at
hand
在手边；可能很快发生的
by
hand
用手工
hand
in
交上；提交
hand
out
分发
hand
over
交出；移交
hand
on
交付；传递
shake
hands
握手
hand
in
hand
手拉手；密切关联
lend
me
a
hand
帮忙
put
one's
hands
on
找到
【练透考点】完成句子
①He
often
________________
(帮忙)
when
I
was
in
trouble,
for
which
I
was
grateful.
②If
you
________
(上交)
your
homework
late，attach
a
note
explaining
the
reason
for
the
delay.
③If
you
go
to
the
party，it
is
polite
to
arrive
on
time.It
is
good
manners
to________________
(握手)
your
host.
④When
I
cut
one
of
my
fingers
yesterday，I
couldn't
_____________
(找到)
any
bandages
at
home.
⑤These
traditional
customs
should
be
preserved
and
________________
(传递)
one
generation
after
another.
lent
me
a
hand
hand
in　
shake
hands
with　
put
my
hands
on
handed
down
7．sweep
away消灭；彻底消除
【典型例句】
In
this
way,
“sweeping
the
dust”
before
the
Spring
Festival
means
a
thorough
cleaning
of
houses
to
sweep
away
bad
luck
in
the
past
year.
这样，“在春节前扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋扫除过去一年的厄运。
?
sweep
up
打扫；清扫
sweep
away
消灭；摧毁；彻底消除
sweep
over/
across/
around
扫视；掠过
sweep
through
扫过；掠过；风行
【练透考点】用含sweep的短语填空
①Ninety?mile
per
hour
winds
____________
the
plains.
②The
cleaner
was
just
____________
as
I
left
the
building.
③A
sudden
feeling
of
grief
____________all
my
anger
____________.
④The
crowd
____________
the
gate
of
the
stadium.
swept
across
sweeping
up
swept　
away　
swept
through
【佳句背诵】
When
the
city
is
still
sleeping
soundly
before
the
dawn
comes
on，it
is
the
cleaners
who
sweep
up
the
floors
or
streets
in
spite
of
the
chilly
wind
or
the
heavy
rain.
黎明前城市仍然沉寂在一片酣睡中，不管寒风还是大雨，是清洁工们在清扫着地面和街道。
8．come
to
an
end结束
【教材原句】
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
were
coming
to
an
end!
好像世界要走到尽头了。
?
(1)at
the
end
of...
在……尽头，在……末端
by
the
end
of
到……结束时，到……时候为止
in
the
end
最后；终于
(2)come
to
an
end
结束
put
an
end
to
sth.
结束；终结
make
(both)
ends
meet
使收支相抵；量入为出
(3)end
up
with
以……结束
end
up
doing
sth.
以做……结束
【练透考点】单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
meeting
came
to
________
end
and
he
set
down
a
great
number
of
key
points.
②The
Americans
hit
hardest
will
be
those
already
struggling
to
make
________
(end)
meet.
③演讲比赛结束了。庆幸的是我最终获得了一等奖。我辛苦的努力最终会得到回报的。
__________________________.
Thankfully，I
__________________
and
my
hard
work
paid
off
in
the
end.
【写作金句】
Everyone
was
excited
to
see
the
year
come
to
an
end.
这一年就要到头了，大家都感到兴奋。
an
ends
The
speech
contest
came
to
an
end
ended
up
winning
the
first
prize
Ⅲ.典型句式精析
9．Chickens
and
even
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat，and
dogs
refused
to
go
inside
buildings.鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。
【典型例句】
When
the
game
finally
ended,
both
of
us
were
lying
flat
on
our
backs,
too
tired
to
move.
比赛最后结束时，我们俩都平躺在地上，累得动弹不得。
【句式分析】
(1)too＋adj.
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.意为“太……不……”，表示否定意义。
(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
【练透考点】完成句子
①我太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。
I
was
________________________
the
meaning
of
the
film.
＝I
was
so
young
________
I
can't
understand
the
meaning
of
the
film.
②这个问题太难了，我解决不了。
The
problem
is
________
difficult
for
me
to
settle.
＝The
problem
is
________
difficult
that
I
can't
settle
it.
③他太急于知道他考试的结果。
He
was
____________________
the
result
of
his
examination.
【写作金句】
Just
as
an
old
saying
goes：it
is
never
too
late
to
learn.
正如那句古老的谚语：活到老，学到老。
too
young
to
understand
that　
too
so　
too
eager
to
know
10．It
seemed
as
if
the
world
were
coming
to
an
end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
【典型例句】
Mary's
description
of
the
party
was
so
vivid
that
I
felt
as
if
I
had
been
there.
[2019·天津3月卷]
玛丽对聚会的描述如此生动，我觉得好像我去过那里。
【句式分析】
It
seemed
(to
sb.)
that/as
if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。
(1)as
if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
(2)as
if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；
③从句用would/could/might
do形式(与将来的事实相反)。
【练透考点】单句语法填空/句式升级
①Look
at
the
clouds
in
the
sky!
________
looks
as
if
it
is
going
to
rain.Let's
hurry
up.
②The
woman
loves
the
children
as
if
she
________
(be)
their
mother.
③She
stood
there
as
if
she
was
waiting
for
someone.→(省略)
She
stood
there
as
if
________________
someone.
④He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
he
would
say
something.
→He
opened
his
mouth
as
if
_________
(say)
something.
【佳句背诵】
I
felt
as
if
my
heart
had
stopped.
我觉得好像我的心停止了跳动。
It
were
waiting
for
to
say
随堂练习
Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——单句语法填空
1．[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]Thanks
to
his
________
(effort)
in
epidemic
prevention
and
control,
our
neighborhood
has
been
in
a
good
state.
2．[2020·新全国Ⅰ卷]However,
the
majority
of
people
are
________
(effect)
speakers
because
they
train
to
be.
3．[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]I
would
truly
appreciate
it
if
you
are
willing
to
give
________
hand
to
us.
4．[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]She
had
split
up
with
her
husband
the
week
before,
was
living
in
a
flat
by
herself
and
since
she'd
found
it
________
much
to
cope
with
(应对),
she'd
taken
it
out
on
other
people.
efforts
effective
a
too
5．[2020·江苏高考]The
implication
(可能的影响)
of
these
results
is
that
to
gain
the
greatest
health
benefits
from
exercise,
it
may
be
wise
________
(skip)
eating
first.
6．The
old
man
went
through
a
lot
of
________
(suffer)
in
the
old
days.
7．________
(trap)
in
the
ruins,
the
girl
still
held
a
positive
attitude.
8．The
number
of
students
learning
English
________
(be)
larger
than
ever
before.
9．The
earthquake
was
so
big
that
most
of
the
houses
in
the
small
village
were
completely
________
(destroy)．
10．The
firefighters
came
here
right
away
________
(rescue)
those
trapped
in
the
burning
building.
to
skip
sufferings
Trapped　
is　
destroyed　
to
rescue
Ⅱ.必备知识试题化——完成句子
1．______________
(看起来似乎)
our
team
is
going
to
win
the
match.
2．In
times
of
disaster,
we
should
___________
(保持积极的心态),
and
rebuild
for
a
brighter
future.
3．____________________
(我突然想到)that
I
should
buy
a
necklace
for
my
mother
as
a
birthday
gift.
4．It
is
very
important
to
___________
(保持镇静)
when
an
earthquake
breaks
out.
5．When
it
was
my
turn
to
express
my
opinion,
I
was
_____________
(太紧张了说不出话来)．
It
seems
as
if
stay
positive
It
hit/struck
me
keep
calm
too
nervous
to
say
a
word
Ⅲ.教材语篇高考化——语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At
3：42
am
everything
began
to
shake.
It
seemed
as
if
the
world
came
to
1.________
end
eleven
kilometres
directly
below
the
city
one
of
the
2.________
(great)
earthquakes
of
the
20th
century
had
begun.
It
was
felt
in
Beijing,
3.________
is
more
than
two
hundred
kilometres
away.
One
third
of
the
nation
felt
it.
A
huge
crack
that
was
eight
kilometres
long
and
thirty
metres
wide
4.________
(cut)
across
houses,
roads
and
canals.Steam
burst
from
holes
in
the
ground.
Hard
hills
of
rock
became
rivers
of
dirt.
In
fifteen
terrible
seconds
a
large
city
lay
5.________
ruins.
an
greatest
which
cut
in
The
suffering
of
the
people
was
extreme.
Two
6.________
(three)
of
them
died
or
were
injured
during
the
earthquake.
Thousands
of
families
were
killed
and
many
children
were
left
without
parents.
The
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
7.________
(serious)
injured
reached
more
than
400,000.
150,
000
soldiers
were
sent
to
Tangshan
to
help
the
rescue
workers.
They
organized
teams
8.________
(dig)
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
Workers
built
shelters
for
9.________
(survive)
whose
homes
10.________________
(destroy).
Slowly,
the
city
began
to
breathe
again.
thirds
seriously
to
dig
survivors　
had
been
destroyed
话题与高考写作
假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚的朋友Jim所居住的地区最近出现了新冠病毒患者，他感到很害怕，向你征求建议。请你给他提出建议，要点如下：
1．你的建议和理由；2．表达祝愿。
注意：1.词数
80
左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Step
1　斟酌打磨　丰富句式
1．精挑细选——核心词汇想周全
①________________
adj.
务实的；可行的
②________________
adj.
有益的；有帮助的
③________________
adj.
保护的；防护的
④________________
adv.
频繁地；经常地
⑤________________
adv.
定期
practical
beneficial　
protective　
frequently　
regularly
2．遣词造句——句式升级是亮点
句式翻译：
①首先，我的建议是，你待在家里，除非有必要，否则不要出去，这对你自己和其他人都是有益的。
First
of
all，my
suggestion
is
that
you
stay
at
home
and
avoid
going
out
unless
it
is
necessary.It
is
beneficial
to
yourself
and
others.(省略句，定语从句)
→First
of
all，my
suggestion
is
that
you
stay
at
home
and
avoid
going
out
________________，
________
is
beneficial
to
yourself
and
others.
unless
necessary
which
②此外，加强你的免疫系统和定期锻炼，从而使你远离任何感染。
What's
more，strengthen
your
immune
system
and
exercise
regularly.
It
can
enable
you
to
stay
away
from
any
infections.(非谓语结构)
→What's
more，strengthen
your
immune
system
and
exercise
regularly,
thus
________
you
to
stay
away
from
any
infections.
enabling
Step
2　逻辑衔接　连句成文
参考范文：
Dear
Jim，
As
for
your
letter
asking
about
how
to
avoid
being
infected
at
this
particular
time,
I'd
like
to
offer
you
some
practical
suggestions.
First
of
all，my
suggestion
is
that
you
stay
at
home
and
avoid
going
out
unless
necessary,
which
is
beneficial
to
yourself
and
others.
Furthermore,
do
wear
a
protective
mask
outdoors
and
wash
hands
frequently
and
properly.
What's
more,
strengthen
your
immune
system
and
exercise
regularly,
thus
enabling
you
to
stay
away
from
any
infections.
I
hope
my
advice
will
be
of
some
help
to
you.
Yours，
Li
Hua