人教版（2019）必修第一册
Unit
4
Natural
Disasters单元测试卷
时间：100分钟
分值：120分
第I卷（选择题）
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2.
5分，满分37.
5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
William
had
worked
hard
to
pass
the
exams
to
enter
high
school.
When
the
term
began,
however,
his
father
told
him
that
there
was
no
money
to
pay
for
his
school
fees
because
of
the
summer
drought.
Still,
William
wanted
to
learn.
He
made
the
village
library
his
school.
One
day,
he
found
a
book
called
Using
Energy.
On
the
book’s
cover
was
a
picture
of
windmills,
tall
steel
towers
with
blades
(叶片)
spinning
like
giant
fans.
He
learned
that
wind—something
of
which
his
hometown
had
plenty—could
produce
electricity.
He
couldn’t
help
picturing
his
own
windmill
in
mind,
but
collecting
the
parts
and
tools
he
needed
would
take
months.
In
a
junkyard,
he
dug
through
piles
of
used
metal,
old
cars,
and
worn-out
tractors,
searching
for
anything
that
might
help
him
construct
his
machine.
He
made
four-foot-long
blades
from
plastic
pipe,
which
he
melted
over
a
fire,
flattened
out,
and
hardened
with
bamboo
poles.
Earning
some
money,
he
paid
a
blacksmith
to
attach
the
piston
(活塞)
to
the
pedal
sprocket
(踏板链轮)
of
an
old
bicycle
frame.
This
would
be
the
axle
(轮轴)
of
the
windmill.
When
the
wind
blew,
the
spinning
blades
would
turn
the
bicycle
wheel
and
spin
a
small
dynamo
(发电机),
donated
by
his
friend.
When
he
had
collected
all
the
parts,
William
began
putting
them
together.
He
fixed
the
blades
to
the
tractor
fan
he
found,
using
washers
(垫圈)
he’d
made
from
bottle
caps.
Next
he
pushed
the
fan
onto
the
piston
joint
to
the
bicycle
frame.
With
the
help
of
his
two
best
friends,
William
built
a
16-foot-tall
tower
from
trunks
of
trees
and
lifted
the
ninety-pound
windmill
to
the
top.
The
big
moments
eventually
came.
He
climbed
up
the
tower
and
connected
two
wires
that
held
a
small
bulb.
As
the
wind
whipped
around
him,
the
blades
began
to
turn,
slowly
at
first,
then
faster
and
faster.
The
light
bulb
flickered
(闪烁),
then
flashed
to
life.
The
crowd
cheered
from
below.
“Wachitabwina
(well
done)!”
William’s
machine
now
powered
his
house.
And
the
story
of
the
boy
who’d
built
a
power-generating
windmill
to
rescue
his
family
from
the
drought
spread
across
the
Internet.
1.
After
reading
Using
Energy,
what
did
William
decide
to
do?
A.
Make
use
of
wind.
B.
Enter
a
high
school.
C.
Build
a
village
library.
D.
Learn
to
survive
a
drought.
2.
According
to
Para.3,
which
of
the
following
word
can
best
describe
William?
A.
Humorous.
B.
Determined.
C.
Cooperative.
D.
Friendly.
3.
What
can
you
learn
about
William’s
machine?
A.
It
was
built
by
villagers.
B.
It
worked
at
the
first
attempt.
C.
It
took
him
years
to
complete
it.
D.
It
was
made
from
metal
materials.
4.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Winds
Of
Hope
B.
Ideas
Worth
Spreading
C.
Learning
from
Experience
D.
Windmills
for
Villages
【答案】ABBA
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，辍学的威廉不能去学校，他把村图书馆作为他的学校，看到了《使用能量》这本书，他运用从书中所学的知识建造了一个发电风车来帮助他的家人摆脱干旱。
1.细节理解题。结合上文“威廉看到了《使用能量》这本书后，收集零件建造发电风车”和倒数第二段中的“As
the
wind
whipped
around
him,
the
blades
began
to
turn,
slowly
at
first,
then
faster
and
faster.
The
light
bulb
flickered
(闪烁),
then
flashed
to
life.”（当风吹来时，刀刃开始慢慢地转动，然后越来越快。灯泡闪烁，然后闪着生命。），可知威廉读了《使用能量》之后，决定建造发电风车，利用风来发电，最后成功了。故选A项。
2.推理判断题。由第三段中的“He
couldn’t
help
picturing
his
own
windmill
in
mind,
but
collecting
the
parts
and
tools
he
needed
would
take
months.
In
a
junkyard,
he
dug
through
piles
of
used
metal,
old
cars,
and
worn-out
tractors,
searching
for
anything
that
might
help
him
construct
his
machine.”（他忍不住想象自己的风车，但收集他需要的零件和工具需要几个月。在一个垃圾场，他挖了成堆的旧金属、旧车和破旧的拖拉机，寻找任何能帮助他建造机器的东西。）和第四段中的“Earning
some
money,
he
paid
a
blacksmith
to
attach
the
piston
(活塞)
to
the
pedal
sprocket
(踏板链轮)
of
an
old
bicycle
frame.”（他挣了些钱，付钱给一个铁匠把活塞装到旧自行车架上的踏板链轮上。），结合上文可知，因为没钱，威廉辍学，但看了《使用能量》这本书后，他决定建造发电风车，他花了几个月时间在垃圾场收集需要的零件，又赚钱请人帮忙，最后终于成功建造了发电风车，纵使困难重重，威廉并未放弃，说明他是一个意志坚定的（Determined）人。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“As
the
wind
whipped
around
him,
the
blades
began
to
turn,
slowly
at
first,
then
faster
and
faster.
The
light
bulb
flickered
(闪烁),
then
flashed
to
life.”（当风吹来时，刀刃开始慢慢地转动，然后越来越快。灯泡闪烁，然后闪着生命。），可知威廉建造的发电风车第一次就成功发电了。故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。第一段讲“因为没钱，威廉辍学了，但他还想学习”，第二段讲“看了《使用能量》这本书后，他决定建造发电风车”，第三四段讲“威廉收集建造发电风车的零件和工具”，第五六段讲“威廉建造的发电风车成功发电了”，最后一段讲“威廉建造的发电风车帮助他的家人摆脱了干旱”，可知文章主要讲威廉运用从书中所学的知识建造了一个发电风车，利用风来发电，帮助他的家人摆脱干旱的故事，可以说是风带来了希望，拯救了他们，A项“希望之风”符合文意。故选A项。
B
You've
heard
that
plastic
is
polluting
the
ocean—between
4.8
and
12.7
million
tonnes
enter
ocean
ecosystems
every
year.
But
does
one
plastic
straw
or
cup
really
make
a
difference?
Artist
Benjamin
Von
Wong
wants
you
to
know
that
it
does.
He
builds
massive
sculptures
out
of
plastic
garbage,
forcing
viewers
to
re-examine
their
relationship
to
single-use
plastic
products.
At
the
beginning
of
the
year,
the
artist
built
a
piece
called?
"Strawpocalypse,
"
a
pair
of
10-foot-tall
plastic
waves,
frozen
mid-crash.
Made
of
168,
000
plastic
straws
collected
from
several
volunteer
beach
cleanups,
the
sculpture
made
its
first
appearance
at
the
Estella
Place
shopping
center
in
Ho
Chi
Minh
City,
Vietnam.
Just
9%
of
global
plastic
waste
is
recycled.
Plastic
straws
are
by
no
means
the
biggest
source（来源）of
plastic
pollution,
but
they've
recently
come
under
fire
because
most
people
don't
need
them
to
drink
with
and,
because
of
their
small
size
and
weight,
they
cannot
be
recycled.
Every
straw
that's
part
of
Von
Wong's
artwork
likely
came
from
a
drink
that
someone
used
for
only
a
few
minutes.
Once
the
drink
is
gone,
the
straw
will
take
centuries
to
disappear.
In
a
piece
from
2018,
Von
Wong
wanted
to
illustrate（说明）
a
specific
statistic:
Every
60
seconds,
a
truckload's
worth
of
plastic
enters
the
ocean.
For
this
work,
titled?"Truckload
of
Plastic,
"?Von
Wong
and
a
group
of
volunteers
collected
more
than
10,
000
pieces
of
plastic,
which
were
then
tied
together
to
look
like
they'd
been
dumped（倾倒）
from
a
truck
all
at
once.
Von
Wong
hopes
that
his
work
will
also
help
pressure
big
companies
to
reduce
their
plastic
footprint.
5.
What
are
Von
Wong's
artworks
intended
for?
A.
Beautifying
the
city
he
lives
in.
B.
Introducing
eco-friendly
products.
C.
Drawing
public
attention
to
plastic
waste.
D.
Reducing
garbage
on
the
beach.
6.
Why
does
the
author
discuss
plastic
straws
in
paragraph
3?
A.
To
show
the
difficulty
of
their
recycling.
B.
To
explain
why
they
are
useful.
C.
To
voice
his
views
on
modern
art.
D.
To
find
a
substitute
for
them.
7.
What
effect
would?"Truckload
of
Plastic"?have
on
viewers?
A.
Calming.
B.
Disturbing.
C.
Refreshing.
D.
Challenging.
8.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Artists'?Opinions
on
Plastic
Safety
B.
Media
Interest
in
Contemporary
Art
C.
Responsibility
Demanded
of
Big
Companies
D.
Ocean
Plastics
Transformed
into
Sculptures
【答案】CABD
【解析】本文为说明文。讲述了艺术家Benjamin
Von
Wong用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品“吸管末日”，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。
5.细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，该艺术家创作的初衷是督促公众重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系。故选C。
6.推理判断题。第三段作者阐述了吸管由于体积小，重量轻，很难回收。故选A。
7.推理判断题。根据首段…?forcing
viewers
to
re-examine
their
relationship
to…?及尾段…?will
also
help
pressure
big
companies
to
reduce
their
plastic
footprint…?可知，原文中的Von
Wong希望让人们可以重新审视他们对于塑料制品的处理方式。B选项Disturbing的意思为?"令人不安的,
引起恐慌的"?，符合文意。故选B。
8.主旨大意题。本文围绕环保话题，介绍了一位叫本杰明的艺术家，试图用塑料垃圾创作雕塑作品，唤起公众对塑料垃圾的重视。故选D。
C
Iceland
has
long
been
identified
as
having
unique
environments.
Here
you
can
walk
and
swim
between
tectonic
(地壳构造的)
plates,
bath
in
geothermal
waters,
and
experience
the
wild
landscapes.
Furthermore,
these
unique
environments
have
attracted
the
space-science
community
to
use
Iceland
as
one
of
its
test
sites
for
missions
travelling
to
Mars
(火星).
DAY
1
Arrive
in
Reykjavik.
After
check-in,
you
will
visit
the
geothermal
pools
of
the
Blue
Lagoon
to
relax
after
your
flight,
before
returning
to
your
hotel
to
freshen
up.
You
will
then
head
to
the
Aurora
Basecamp
Observatory,
where
you
will
be
able
to
see
the
northern
lights
recreated
indoors.
In
the
evening,
space
expert
Niamh
Shaw
will
give
the
first
of
two
talks
on
our
attempt
to
establish
bases
on
other
planets.
DAY
2
After
breakfast,
you
will
set
out
on
special
vehicles
towards
?ingvellir
National
Park,
a
registered
UNESCO
world
heritage
(遗产)
site
accompanied
by
Niamh.
Here,
you
will
have
the
opportunity
to
do
something
that
you
can’t
do
anywhere
else,
the
opportunity
to
swim
between
the
tectonic
plates.
In
the
evening,
you
will
enjoy
a
second
talk
from
Niamh.
DAY
3
Today
you
begin
your
journey
towards
the
2020
NASA
test
site,
where
the
NASA
SAND_E
Mars
Rover
is
being
tested.
NASA
scientists
will
be
on
hand
to
explain
the
project,
along
with
updates
of
the
current
Mars
missions
and
the
most
recent
findings.
DAY
4
In
2019,
Iceland
Space
Agency
hosted
the
ISAGEVR1
Expedition
to
Grimsv?tn
Volcano
on
top
of
the
Vatnaj?kull
Glacier
(冰川)
to
field
test
the
MS1
Mars
Analog
Spacesuit
designed
by
the
NASA/Johnson
space
centre.
We
will
be
working
together
with
the
agency
to
create
a
unique
experience
for
you
today
on
the
glacier.
DAY
5
In
the
afternoon,
you
will
reach
the
bridge
between
the
continents,
spanning
a
gap
in
between
the
two
tectonic
plates,
on
your
way
to
Keflavik
Airport
and
your
evening
flight
home.
9.
Who
would
be
most
interested
in
this
travel
arrangement
to
Iceland?
A.
Fiction
writers.
B.
Space
enthusiasts.
C.
Wildlife
protectors.
D.
Professional
swimmers.
10.
Which
days
include
chances
to
experience
something
about
Mars?
A.
Day
1
and
Day
2.
B.
Day
2
and
Day
3.
C.
Day
3
and
Day
4.
D.
Day
4
and
Day
5.
11.
Which
of
the
following
can
best
promote
this
tour?
A.
“We
hope
to
offer
you
a
great
opportunity
to
enjoy
hiking.”
B.
“We
will
let
you
explore
how
NASA
is
a
part
of
everyday
life.”
C.
“We
want
to
help
you
discover
space
science
through
the
joy
of
travel.”
D.
“We
will
provide
you
a
chance
to
experience
the
culture
near
the
Arctic
Circle.”
【答案】BCC
【解析】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了冰岛之旅五天的具体行程。
9.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Furthermore,
these
unique
environments
have
attracted
the
space-science
community
to
use
Iceland
as
one
of
its
test
sites
for
missions
travelling
to
Mars
(火星).(此外，这些独特的环境吸引了空间科学界把冰岛作为其前往火星任务的试验地点之一。)”可知，太空爱好者对这次冰岛之旅最感兴趣。故选B项。
10.细节理解题。根据DAY
3部分中“Today
you
begin
your
journey
towards
the
2020
NASA
test
site,
where
the
NASA
SAND_E
Mars
Rover
is
being
tested.(今天，你将开始前往2020年NASA测试地点的旅程，在那里NASA
SAND
E火星探测器正在接受测试。)”及DAY
4部分中“In
2019,
Iceland
Space
Agency
hosted
the
ISAGEVR1
Expedition
to
Grimsv?tn
Volcano
on
top
of
the
Vatnaj?kull
Glacier
(冰川)
to
field
test
the
MS1
Mars
Analog
Spacesuit
designed
by
the
NASA/Johnson
space
centre.(2019年，冰岛航天局主办了队前往Vatnaj?kull冰川上方的Grimsv?tn火山的ISAGEVR1探险，实地测试由美国宇航局/约翰逊航天中心设计的MS1火星模拟航天服。)”可知，第3天和第4天有体验有关火星的机会。故选C项。
11.推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Furthermore,
these
unique
environments
have
attracted
the
space-science
community
to
use
Iceland
as
one
of
its
test
sites
for
missions
travelling
to
Mars
(火星).(此外，这些独特的环境吸引了空间科学界把冰岛作为其前往火星任务的试验地点之一。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是能体验航天科学的冰岛之旅，所以C项“我们想帮助您通过旅行的乐趣发现空间科学。”能最好地宣传这次旅行。故选C项。
D
Those
with
closed
minds
refused
to
consider
any
contradictory
facts,
and
they
proceed
with
their
planned
course
of
action,
full
speed
ahead,
with
their
“minds
made
up”
and
tightly
shut.
As
an
illustration,
consider
the
situation
in
1986,
prior
to
the
space
shuttle
Challenger’s
disatrous
launch
that
killed
all
seven
astronauts
aboard,
there
was
a
heated
telephone
debate
between
two
engineers
from
the
company
that
produced
the
shuttle
booster
rockets
and
the
top
officials
of
NASA
(the
federal
government’s
space
agency).
The
engineers
insisted
that
the
flight
was
too
risky
because
of
freezing
temperature
at
the
Florida
launch
site.
They
explained
that
some
of
the
seals
on
the
fuel
tanks
were
not
designed
to
withstand
such
low
temperatures
and
might
leak
under
pressure,
thus
endangering
the
craft
and
crew.
Despite
the
pleas
to
stop
the
flight,
officials
at
NASA
overruled
the
engineers,
who
were
best
qualified
to
make
judgments
about
the
complex
technical
problems
of
space
flight.
What
caused
the
officials
to
ignore
the
engineers?
Several
flights
had
already
been
postponed,
and
it
would
not
look
good
to
postpone
another.
It
would
be
bad
public
relations
to
disappoint
the
crowds
of
people
and
news
reporters
waiting
for
the
launch.
Top
government
officials
were
ready
to
appear
on
the
national
television
and
take
the
credit
for
another
safe
flight.
As
a
result,
with
their
minds
absolutely
closed
to
the
facts
presented
by
the
engineers,
NASA
officials
ordered
the
Challenger
to
take
off.
Seventy-three
seconds
later,
the
spacecraft
was
enveloped
in
flame.
Incredibly,
seventeen
years
later,
the
lesson
of
the
Challenger
disaster
was
repeated.
In
2003,
the
space
shuttle
Columbia
broke
apart
while
re-entering
the
earth’s
atmosphere,
killing
another
crew
of
seven.
During
the
shuttle’s
liftoff,
a
piece
of
foam
insulation(泡沫隔热材料)
had
broken
off,
hitting
the
shuttle's
wing
at
five
hundred
miles
per
hour.
Lower-level
engineers
at
NASA
begged
for
photographs
of
the
Columbia
in
orbit,
which
might
have
shown
the
extent
of
the
damage,
but
their
closed-minded
superiors
ignored
their
requests.
It
was
the
damage
caused
by
the
1.7
pound
chunk
of
insulation
that
doomed
the
Columbia.
There
is
no
virtue
in
ignoring
contradictory
facts
and
“sticking
to
your
guns”
when
the
course
taken
shows
all
the
signs
of
being
the
wrong
one.
Closed
minds
are
especially
noticeable
in
political
campaigns
and
debates.
Many
people
line
up
to
support
one
candidate
or
another
and
won’t
listen
to
any
facts
presented
by
the
opposing
candidate.
All
those
with
an
open
mind
say
is
this:
“I
don’t
know
everything,
so
I’d
better
keep
my
mind,
eyes,
and
ears
open
to
any
new
facts
that
may
come
along.”
The
world
would
be
a
much
better
and
safer
place
if
everyone
had
this
attitude.
12.
Which
of
the
following
brought
about
the
disastrous
launch
of
the
Challenger?
A.
Its
crew
B.
The
engineers
C.
The
fuel
tanks’
seals
D.
The
size
of
its
rocket
13.
When
the
engineers
appealed
to
stop
the
launch
of
the
Challenger,
the
government
officials
___________.
A.
postponed
the
flight
at
once.
B.
made
judgments
about
the
complex
technical
problems.
C.
announced
the
news
on
national
television.
D.
ordered
to
launch
the
Challenger
as
scheduled.
14.
What
could
be
inferred
from
Paragraph
3?
A.
The
Columbia
disaster
was
impossible
to
foresee.
B.
Engineers
were
to
blame
for
the
Columbia’s
explosion.
C.
The
Columbia
disaster
could
have
been
avoided.
D.
The
Columbia
was
deliberately
damaged.
15.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“sticking
to
your
guns”
in
Paragraph
4
mean?
A.
Holding
firm
to
your
own
opinion.
B.
Remaining
and
firing
your
gun
at
enemies.
C.
Strengthening
your
status.
D.
Keeping
an
open
mind.
【答案】CDCA
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是封闭的人，不考虑任何矛盾的事实，坚决地、严守秘密地按照计划行事，全速前进。文中用1986年“挑战者”号航天飞机遇难以及2003年，哥伦比亚号航天飞机在重返地球大气层时解体来说明这种观点带来的严重后果，并呼吁人们大家对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，如果每个人都有这样的态度，世界将会变得更加美好和安全。
12.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“?They
explained
that
some
of
the
seals
on
the
fuel
tanks
were
not
designed
to
withstand
such
low
temperatures
and
might
leak
under
pressure,
thus
endangering
the
craft
and
crew.”
他们解释说，燃料箱上的一些密封装置不能承受如此低的温度，在压力下可能会泄漏，从而危及飞船和船员。可知是油箱密封造成了挑战者号的灾难。故选C。
13.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As
a
result,
with
their
minds
absolutely
closed
to
the
facts
presented
by
the
engineers,
NASA
officials
ordered
the
Challenger
to
take
off.
Seventy-three
seconds
later,
the
spacecraft
was
enveloped
in
flame.”
结果，NASA的官员们完全不考虑工程师们提供的事实，命令挑战者号起飞。73秒后，宇宙飞船被火焰包围。可知是政府官员命令挑战者号如期发射。故选D项。
14.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Incredibly,
seventeen
years
later,
the
lesson
of
the
Challenger
disaster
was
repeated.?”
令人难以置信的是，17年后，挑战者号灾难的教训再次出现。和本段的“Lower-level
engineers
at
NASA
begged
for
photographs
of
the
Columbia
in
orbit,
which
might
have
shown
the
extent
of
the
damage,
but
their
closed-minded
superiors
ignored
their
requests.
It
was
the
damage
caused
by
the
1.7
pound
chunk
of
insulation
that
doomed
the
Columbia.”
NASA的低层工程师们要求获得哥伦比亚号在轨道上的照片，这样可以显示损坏的程度，但他们头脑封闭的上级忽略了他们的要求。正是这块1.7磅重的绝缘材料造成的损坏导致了哥伦比亚号的失事。可知同样是头脑封闭的上级忽略了低层工程师的要求，即如果上级对任何可能出现的新事实持开放的态度，本次事故本可以避免。故选C项。
15.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“when
the
course
taken
shows
all
the
signs
of
being
the
wrong
one.”当所采取的路线显示出所有错误的迹象时；以及上句“There
is
no
virtue
in
ignoring
contradictory
facts?”忽视相互矛盾的事实是没有好处的，划线部分和本句由and并列，故应和“忽视相互矛盾的事实”意义相近，故A项（固执己见）符合题意，故选A项。
第二节
七选五
(共
5
小题；每小题
2.5
分，满分
12.5
分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What
are
the
things
that
scare
you:
snakes,
spiders
or
fierce
tigers?
Or
maybe
you
have
a
fear
of
heights
or
visiting
the
dentist.
Although
some
of
us
just
get
scared
or
a
bit
nervous
about
these
things,
for
others
it
can
cause
an
unreasonable
reaction
that
can’t
be
controlled-something
we
call
a
phobia
(恐惧症).
___16___
Sometimes
it’s
good
to
be
aware
of
the
possible
dangers
from
things.
Our
brain
warns
us
of
the
risks
that
might
lie
ahead,
but
then
we
often
get
prepared
and
overcome
them.
Clinical
psychologist
Warren
Mansell
told
the
BBC,
“Our
fears
are
rooted
in
our
brains-we
don’t
need
to
learn
to
be
afraid
of
animals
like
snakes
or
spiders.”_____17_____With
a
phobia,
your
breathing
gets
quicker,
your
pulse
speeds
up,
you
sweat
and
your
brain
is
unable
to
control
these
reactions.
_____18_____
Speaking
to
the
BBC,
Lauren
Rosenberg,
a
fear
and
phobia
expert,
says,
“Phobias
usually
are
a
copy
behaviour
from
a
higher
authority,
like
a
parent
or
teacher,
or
a
kind
of
mental
suffering
from
a
past
event
that
comes
back
to
trouble
you
continuously.”
There
are
many
different
complex
phobias
some
people
suffer
from,
such
as
agoraphobia－caused
by
being
away
from
home,
and
iatrophobia-fear
of
doctors._______19_______Therapy
(心理治疗)
is
one
choice,
where
you
gradually
get
used
to
whatever
it
is
you
fear.
Lauren
Rosenburg
says
she
likes
to
work
with
people
to
clear
their
bad
memory
and
help
them
breathe.
But
if
you
do
have
a
phobia,
continually
trying
to
avoid
what
you’re
afraid
of
by
yourself
is
likely
to
make
the
situation
worse.____20____
A.
Then
how
can
they
be
overcome?
B.
But
where
does
a
phobia
come
from?
C.
But
phobias
are
stronger
than
just
fears.
D.
The
right
thing
to
do
is
to
find
help
to
overcome
it.
E.
Overcoming
a
phobia
can
take
patience
devotion
and
courage.
F.
Are
there
any
phobias
that
tend
to
be
more
common
than
others?
G.
It
occurs
when
someone
develops
an
unrealistic
sense
of
danger
about
a
situation
or
object.
【答案】16.
G
17.
C
18.
B
19.
A
20.
D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了恐惧症的定义、来源和克服的方法。
16.根据后文“Sometimes
it's
good
to
be
aware
of
the
possible
dangers
from
things.
Our
brain
warns
us
of
the
risks
that
might
lie
ahead,
but
then
we
often
get
prepared
and
overcome
them.”（有时候意识到事物的潜在危险是件好事。我们的大脑会警告我们前方可能存在的风险，但我们通常会有所准备并克服它们。）可知，此处是指对潜在危险产生意识，而此时危险尚未发生，所以选项G（当某人对某种情况或物体产生一种不现实的危险感时，就会出现这种情况。）切合文意。故选G。
17.前文“Our
fears
are
rooted
in
our
brains-we
don't
need
to
learn
to
be
afraid
of
animals
like
snakes
or
spiders.”（我们的恐惧根植于我们的大脑——我们不需要学会害怕像蛇或蜘蛛这样的动物。）中提到fears，后文“With
a
phobia,
your
breathing
gets
quicker,
your
pulse
speeds
up,
you
sweat
and
your
brain
is
unable
to
control
these
reactions.”（患有恐惧症，你的呼吸会变快，脉搏加快，出汗，你的大脑无法控制这些反应。）中提到phobia，所以选项C（但是恐惧症比恐惧更强烈。）比较这二者，所以切合文意。故选C。
18.根据后文“Phobias
usually
are
a
copy
behaviour
from
a
higher
authority,
like
a
parent
or
teacher,
or
a
kind
of
mental
suffering
from
a
past
event
that
comes
back
to
trouble
you
continuously.
”（恐惧症通常是一种来自上级(如父母或老师)的复制行为，或者是一种过去事件的精神折磨，它会不断回来困扰你。）可知，此处是讲恐惧症的来源，所以选项B（但是恐惧症是从哪里来的呢?）切合文意。故选B。
19.根据后文“Therapy
(心理治疗)
is
one
choice,
where
you
gradually
get
used
to
whatever
it
is
you
fear.”（心理治疗是一种选择，你可以逐渐习惯你所恐惧的东西。）可知，此处是指如何克服恐惧症。所以选项A（那么怎样才能克服它们呢?）切合文意。故选A。
20.根据前文“But
if
you
do
have
a
phobia,
continually
trying
to
avoid
what
you're
afraid
of
by
yourself
is
likely
to
make
the
situation
worse”（但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西只会让情况变得更糟）可知，此处是讲不断地试图避开你自己害怕的东西是错的，选项D（正确的做法是寻求帮助来克服它。）又讲出正确的做法，所以切合文意。故选D。
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My
life
as
a
tax-paying
employed
person
began
in
middle
school,
when,
for
three
whole
days,
I
worked
in
a
baking
factory.
My
best
friend
Betsy’s
father
was
a
manager
at
Hough
Bakeries,
which,
at
Easter
time,
____21____
little
bunny
(
兔
子
)
cakes
for
all
its
____22____throughout
Cleveland.
It
happened
that
the
plant
downtown
needed
eight
kids
for
____23____
help
during
our
spring
break,
for
which
I
had
no____24____
beyond
listening
to
my
favorite
records.
I’d
____25____
minimum
wage.
I’d
see
how
a
factory____26____.
My
parents
thought
all
of
this
was
a
grand
idea
and
called
Betsy’s
dad
with
their
____27____.
Our____28____in
the
factory
were
simple:
Place
cakes
on
a
moving
belt.
Attach
icing
(糖霜)
ears.
Apply
icing
eyes
and
nose.____29____
bunny
from
the
belt.
This
was
_____30_____
than
it
sounds._____31_____
a
bit
and
the
cakes
pile
up.
As
I
told
my
parents
at
dinner
that
first
night,
it
was
all
a
little
more
high-pressure
than
I’d
_____32_____
.
Dad
____33____.
The
son
of
a
grocer,
he’d
spent
the
summers
of
his
childhood_____34_____
food
in
Benardsville,
New
Jersey.
This
was
the
sort
of
work
that
made
you_____35_____
the
dollars
you
earned
and
respect
those
who
did
the
work,
he
told
me.
21.
A.
sold
B.
ordered
C.
made
D.
reserved
22.
A.
stores
B.
families
C.
schools
D.
citizens
23.
A.
generous
B.
financial
C.
technical
D.
temporary
24.
A.
plans
B.
problems
C.
excuses
D.
hobbies
25.
A.
offer
B.
earn
C.
set
D.
suggest
26.
A.
worked
B.
closed
C.
developed
D.
survived
27.
A.
ambition
B.
permission
C.
experience
D.
invitation
28.
A.
joys
B.
ideas
C.
roles
D.
choices
29.
A.
Save
B.
Keep
C.
Stop
D.
Remove
30.
A.
harder
B.
better
C.
longer
D.
cheaper
31.
A.
Calm
down
B.
Slow
down
C.
Stay
on
D.
Move
on
32.
A.
indicated
B.
witnessed
C.
expected
D.
remembered
33.
A.
cried
B.
smiled
C.
hesitated
D.
refused
34.
A.
tasting
B.
finding
C.
sharing
D.
delivering
35.
A.
withdraw
B.
donate
C.
receive
D.
appreciate
【答案】
21.
C
22.
A
23.
D
24.
A
25.
B
26.
A
27.
B
28.
C
29.
D
30.
A
31.
B
32.
C
33.
B
34.
D
35.
D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A.
sold销售；B.
ordered定制；
C.
made制作；D.
reserved预定。根据“Our
48
in
the
factory
were
simple:
Place
cakes
on
a
moving
belt.
Attach
icing
(糖霜)
ears.
Apply
icing
eyes
and
nose.
49
bunny
from
the
belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。
22.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A.
stores商店；B.
families家庭；
C.
schools学校；D.
citizens市民。根据“throughout
Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。
23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A.
generous慷慨的；
B.
financial财政的；C.
technical技术的；
D.
temporary暂时的。根据“during
our
spring
break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。
24.考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A.
plans计划；B.
problems问题；C.
excuses借口；
D.
hobbies爱好。根据“beyond
listening
to
my
favorite
records”可知我没有其他计划。故选A。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A.
offer提供；B.
earn挣得；
C.
set放置；D.
suggest建议。根据“minimum
wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。
26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A.
worked运作；B.
closed关闭；C.
developed发展；D.
survived幸存。根据“I'd
see
how
a
factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A。
27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的同意
。A.
ambition抱负；B.
permission允许；C.
experience经历；
D.
invitation邀请。根据“Our
48
in
the
factory
were
simple:
Place
cakes
on
a
moving
belt.
Attach
icing
(糖霜)
ears.
Apply
icing
eyes
and
nose.
49
bunny
from
the
belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。
28.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。
附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A.
joys欢乐；
B.
ideas观点；C.
roles任务；
D.
choices选择。根据“Place
cakes
on
a
moving
belt.
Attach
icing
(糖霜)
ears.
Apply
icing
eyes
and
nose.
49
bunny
from
the
belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。
附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A.
Save节省；B.
Keep保持；C.
Stop停止；
D.
Remove移动。根据“bunny
from
the
belt.”可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。
30.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A.
harder更难的；B.
better更好的；
C.
longer更长的；D.
cheaper更便宜的。根据“51
a
bit
and
the
cakes
pile
up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。
31.考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A.
Calm
down平静下来；
B.
Slow
down慢一点；C.
Stay
on继续停留；D.
Move
on往前走。根据“and
the
cakes
pile
up”可知这里意思是慢一点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。
32.考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的要紧张。A.
indicated表明；
B.
witnessed目击；
C.
expected预料；D.
remembered记得。根据“This
was
50
than
it
sounds.
51
a
bit
and
the
cakes
pile
up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。
33.考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A.
cried哭了；
B.
smiled微笑；C.
hesitated犹豫；
D.
refused拒绝。根据“The
son
of
a
grocer,
he'd
spent
the
summers
of
his
childhood
54
food
in
Bemardsville,
New
Jersey.
This
was
the
sort
of
work
that
made
you
55
the
dollars
you
earned
and
respect
those
who
did
the
work,
he
told
me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。
34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A.
tasting品尝；B.
finding找到；C.
sharing分享；D.
delivering送货。根据“The
son
of
a
grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。
35.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A.
withdraw撤退；B.
donate捐赠；
C.
receive收到；D.
appreciate欣赏。根据“the
dollars
you
earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。
第
II卷（非选择题）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
Xi'an
City
Wall
is
the
most
complete
city
wall
that
has
survived
China's
long
history.
It
___36___
(build)
originally
to
protect
the
city
___37___
the
Tang
dynasty
and
has
now
been
completely
restored
(修复).
It
is
possible
___38___
(walk)
or
bike
the
entire
14
kilometers.
We
accessed
the
wall
through
the
South
Gate.
The
wall
is
12
meters
high
and
from
here
you
can
see
streams
of
people
moving
inside
and
outside
the
City
Wall.
After
___39___
(spend)
some
time
looking
at
all
the
defensive
equipment
at
the
wall,
we
decided
it
was
time
for
some
action
and
what
___40___
(good)
than
to
ride
on
a
piece
of
history!
We
___41__
(hire)
our
bikes
from
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
___42___
did
the
job.
It
took
us
about
3
hours
to
go
all
___43___
way
around
the
Xi'an
City
Wall.
Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
___44___
(watchtower)
to
fake
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
____45____
(day)
routines.
【答案】
36.
was
built
37.
in/during
38.
to
walk
39.
spending
40.
better
41.
hired
42.
but
43.
the
44.
watchtowers
45.
daily
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
36.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be
done），根据句意和时间状语the
Tang
dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was
built。
37.考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
38.考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it
+be+adj+to
do
sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to
walk。
33.考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
40.考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
41.考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
42.考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did
the
job和前文My
bike
was
old
and
shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
43.考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all
the
way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
44.考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
45.考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节书面表达（满分15分）
46假定你是晨光中学的学生李律，你正在某国外中学作交换生，该校的“外国文化”栏目近期将介绍中国传统文化，校报编辑Jenny给你写信，咨询你的意见。请你给Jenny写封回信，内容要点如下：
1.你认为最能代表中国文化的是什么?请说明理由；
2.我们应该如何更好地推广中国文化?
(至少两点)
3.词数不少于100.
【答案】Dear
Jenny,
I
am
pleased
to
receive
your
letter.
I'm
so
happy
that
the
"Foreign
Cultures"
section
in
our
newspaper
will
recommend
Chinese
traditional
culture.
There
is
no
doubt
that
Confucius
is
the
most
representative
symbol
of
Chinese
culture.
As
a
philosopher,
Confucius
not
only
represents
the
traditional
Chinese
culture,
but
has
been
influencing
us
Chinese
people
since
ancient
times.
Nowadays
we
can
find
lots
of
Confucius
institutes
around
the
world,
which
provides
precious
opportunities
for
the
foreigners
to
learn
about
Chinese
culture.
To
promote
Chinese
culture,
we
are
supposed
to
provide
various
cultural
exchange
activities.
What's
more,
establishing
Confucius
institutes
all
over
the
world
is
also
a
good
idea.
Meanwhile,
attracting
more
foreign
visitors
to
China
to
experience
Chinese
culture
will
have
a
far-reaching
impact.
I'll
be
glad
if
I
could
help
you,
Best
wishes.
Yours,
Li
Jin
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给所在某国外中学的校报编辑Jenny写封回信，介绍你对中国文化和推广方式的看法。
1.
词汇积累
栏目：column→section
古代：old
times→ancient
times
建立：build→establish
影响：influence→impact
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Meanwhile,
attracting
more
foreign
visitors
to
China
to
experience
Chinese
culture
will
have
a
far-reaching
impact.
拓展句：Meanwhile,
it
will
have
a
far-reaching
impact
if
more
foreign
visitors
are
attracted
to
China
to
experience
Chinese
culture.
[高分句型1]
Nowadays
we
can
find
lots
of
Confucius
institutes
around
the
world,
which
provides
precious
opportunities
for
the
foreigners
to
learn
about
Chinese
culture.
(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]
As
a
philosopher,
Confucius
not
only
represents
the
traditional
Chinese
culture,
but
has
been
influencing
us
Chinese
people
since
ancient
times.
(运用了not
only…
but
(also)…连接的并列句)
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
“Now,
parents
and
students
separate
into
two
groups.
You
will
be
reunited
at
the
end
of
the
campus
tour.
”
Groups
of
incoming
freshmen
happily
left
their
parents
upon
hearing
this
announcement.
I
was
less
than
thrilled
about
starting
college,
let
alone
leaving
my
mother's
side
to
tour
the
campus
with
other
freshmen；I
felt
a
little
anxious.
We
followed
the
senior
tour
guide.
The
other
freshmen
chatted
and
made
casual
introductions
as
I
dragged
behind.
How
could
I
have
believed
I
was
ready
for
this
？
After
all,
it
had
only
been
a
few
months
since
I
left
the
hospital.
I
was
feeling
better
for
the
first
time
in
years.
But
college.
.
.
？
My
thinking
was
interrupted
by
a
sweet
female
voice,
"Hi,
I'm
Jennifer.
"
"I'm
Lauren,
"I
replied.
"Where
do
you
prefer
to
live？
At
home
or
on
campus？
"she
smiled.
"I'm
not
sure,
"I
said.
"You
should
live
on
campus！It
will
be
a
lot
of
fun！
"she
said.
Before
I
could
reply,
the
tour
guide
announced
it
was
time
to
create
our
schedules
and
select
the
courses
we
wanted
to
take.
We
crowded
into
the
Student
Activity
Center.
Three
seniors
handed
out
thick
course
bulletins
（课程公告）and
forms
that
needed
to
be
filled
out.
All
around
me,
the
sounds
of
turning
papers
and
writing
sounded
like
those
given
by
an
alarm
clock.
Others
seemed
to
be
moving
through
the
process
quickly
but
I
hadn't
even
opened
my
course
catalog
（目
录）.
"Focus,
"I
told
myself.
"Just
read
through
the
catalog
and
find
the
courses
you
like
and
a
schedule
that
works.
"Psychology
A
or
B,
Geology
101,
English,
History,
sections
1,
2,
3.
.
.
The
list
went
on
and
on.
I
panicked
and
almost
started
to
cry.
How
was
I
supposed
to
know
how
to
complete
it？I
was
just
relearning
how
to
live
in
the
real
world,
and
they
wanted
me
to
make
a
schedule.
How
I
wished
someone
could
help
me.
Paragraph
1:
Soon,
other
freshmen
were
handing
in
their
forms.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
Then,
I
felt
a
warm
hand
on
my
shoulder.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
读后续写（One
possible
version）
Paragraph
1:
Soon,
other
freshmen
were
handing
in
their
forms.
Many
of
them
rushed
out
to
meet
their
parents.
I
couldn’t
breathe
and
was
feeling
anxious.
My
head
was
pounding.
Moments
later,
I
was
crying.
And
several
students
started
to
stare
at
me.
One
of
the
seniors
in
charge
walked
over
to
my
table.
“What’s
the
matter?”
she
asked
impatiently.
“I...
I
can’t
do
this!”
I
said.
“All
you
have
to
do
is
make
your
schedule,
just
like
everybody
else,”
she
said,
clearly
annoyed.
Paragraph
2:
Then,
I
felt
a
warm
hand
on
my
shoulder.
I
looked
back
and
found
Jennifer
standing
behind
me.
“Everything
is
alright,”
she
told
the
senior.
“I’ll
help
her.”
The
senior
walked
away.
“What’s
wrong,
sweetie?”
Jennifer
asked.
Hearing
Jennifer’s
kind
words,
I
cried
even
harder,
saying,
“It’s
just
too
much!”
Then
Jennifer
put
her
arm
around
me
and
said,
“Let
me
instruct
you.”
She
then
guided
me
through
the
process
step
by
step
until
I
completed
my
schedule.
Later,
when
saying
goodbye,
we
made
a
promise
to
keep
in
touch.
【分析】
本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，本文讲述了作者的大学校园之旅，作者对开始上大学一点也不兴奋，更不用说校园之旅了，作者开始感到焦虑；途中，作者认识了珍妮弗，还没来得及和她说很多话，校园导游宣布开始选课，作者惊慌失措，几乎哭了起来，她很希望有个人能帮助她。
【详解】
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：很快，其他新生都在交表格，本段应该描述作者的反应，作者感到焦虑，不知所措，一位年长的老师过来要求作者交表格，作者没有交出表格，那位老师很生气。第二段开头是：然后，我感到一只温暖的手放在我的肩膀上。本段应该描写詹妮弗帮助作者完成选课，作者和詹妮弗最后成了好友。
续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高级句型，如：She
then
guided
me
through
the
process
step
by
step
until
I
completed
my
schedule.这句话运用了until引导的时间状语从句；本文也使用了一些固定词组，如rush
out
;
stare
at;
keep
in
touch等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。人教版（2019）必修第一册
Unit
4
Natural
Disasters单元测试卷
时间：100分钟
分值：120分
第I卷（选择题）
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2.
5分，满分37.
5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
William
had
worked
hard
to
pass
the
exams
to
enter
high
school.
When
the
term
began,
however,
his
father
told
him
that
there
was
no
money
to
pay
for
his
school
fees
because
of
the
summer
drought.
Still,
William
wanted
to
learn.
He
made
the
village
library
his
school.
One
day,
he
found
a
book
called
Using
Energy.
On
the
book’s
cover
was
a
picture
of
windmills,
tall
steel
towers
with
blades
(叶片)
spinning
like
giant
fans.
He
learned
that
wind—something
of
which
his
hometown
had
plenty—could
produce
electricity.
He
couldn’t
help
picturing
his
own
windmill
in
mind,
but
collecting
the
parts
and
tools
he
needed
would
take
months.
In
a
junkyard,
he
dug
through
piles
of
used
metal,
old
cars,
and
worn-out
tractors,
searching
for
anything
that
might
help
him
construct
his
machine.
He
made
four-foot-long
blades
from
plastic
pipe,
which
he
melted
over
a
fire,
flattened
out,
and
hardened
with
bamboo
poles.
Earning
some
money,
he
paid
a
blacksmith
to
attach
the
piston
(活塞)
to
the
pedal
sprocket
(踏板链轮)
of
an
old
bicycle
frame.
This
would
be
the
axle
(轮轴)
of
the
windmill.
When
the
wind
blew,
the
spinning
blades
would
turn
the
bicycle
wheel
and
spin
a
small
dynamo
(发电机),
donated
by
his
friend.
When
he
had
collected
all
the
parts,
William
began
putting
them
together.
He
fixed
the
blades
to
the
tractor
fan
he
found,
using
washers
(垫圈)
he’d
made
from
bottle
caps.
Next
he
pushed
the
fan
onto
the
piston
joint
to
the
bicycle
frame.
With
the
help
of
his
two
best
friends,
William
built
a
16-foot-tall
tower
from
trunks
of
trees
and
lifted
the
ninety-pound
windmill
to
the
top.
The
big
moments
eventually
came.
He
climbed
up
the
tower
and
connected
two
wires
that
held
a
small
bulb.
As
the
wind
whipped
around
him,
the
blades
began
to
turn,
slowly
at
first,
then
faster
and
faster.
The
light
bulb
flickered
(闪烁),
then
flashed
to
life.
The
crowd
cheered
from
below.
“Wachitabwina
(well
done)!”
William’s
machine
now
powered
his
house.
And
the
story
of
the
boy
who’d
built
a
power-generating
windmill
to
rescue
his
family
from
the
drought
spread
across
the
Internet.
1.
After
reading
Using
Energy,
what
did
William
decide
to
do?
A.
Make
use
of
wind.
B.
Enter
a
high
school.
C.
Build
a
village
library.
D.
Learn
to
survive
a
drought.
2.
According
to
Para.3,
which
of
the
following
word
can
best
describe
William?
A.
Humorous.
B.
Determined.
C.
Cooperative.
D.
Friendly.
3.
What
can
you
learn
about
William’s
machine?
A.
It
was
built
by
villagers.
B.
It
worked
at
the
first
attempt.
C.
It
took
him
years
to
complete
it.
D.
It
was
made
from
metal
materials.
4.
What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Winds
Of
Hope
B.
Ideas
Worth
Spreading
C.
Learning
from
Experience
D.
Windmills
for
Villages
B
You've
heard
that
plastic
is
polluting
the
ocean—between
4.8
and
12.7
million
tonnes
enter
ocean
ecosystems
every
year.
But
does
one
plastic
straw
or
cup
really
make
a
difference?
Artist
Benjamin
Von
Wong
wants
you
to
know
that
it
does.
He
builds
massive
sculptures
out
of
plastic
garbage,
forcing
viewers
to
re-examine
their
relationship
to
single-use
plastic
products.
At
the
beginning
of
the
year,
the
artist
built
a
piece
called?
"Strawpocalypse,
"
a
pair
of
10-foot-tall
plastic
waves,
frozen
mid-crash.
Made
of
168,
000
plastic
straws
collected
from
several
volunteer
beach
cleanups,
the
sculpture
made
its
first
appearance
at
the
Estella
Place
shopping
center
in
Ho
Chi
Minh
City,
Vietnam.
Just
9%
of
global
plastic
waste
is
recycled.
Plastic
straws
are
by
no
means
the
biggest
source（来源）of
plastic
pollution,
but
they've
recently
come
under
fire
because
most
people
don't
need
them
to
drink
with
and,
because
of
their
small
size
and
weight,
they
cannot
be
recycled.
Every
straw
that's
part
of
Von
Wong's
artwork
likely
came
from
a
drink
that
someone
used
for
only
a
few
minutes.
Once
the
drink
is
gone,
the
straw
will
take
centuries
to
disappear.
In
a
piece
from
2018,
Von
Wong
wanted
to
illustrate（说明）
a
specific
statistic:
Every
60
seconds,
a
truckload's
worth
of
plastic
enters
the
ocean.
For
this
work,
titled?"Truckload
of
Plastic,
"?Von
Wong
and
a
group
of
volunteers
collected
more
than
10,
000
pieces
of
plastic,
which
were
then
tied
together
to
look
like
they'd
been
dumped（倾倒）
from
a
truck
all
at
once.
Von
Wong
hopes
that
his
work
will
also
help
pressure
big
companies
to
reduce
their
plastic
footprint.
5.
What
are
Von
Wong's
artworks
intended
for?
A.
Beautifying
the
city
he
lives
in.
B.
Introducing
eco-friendly
products.
C.
Drawing
public
attention
to
plastic
waste.
D.
Reducing
garbage
on
the
beach.
6.
Why
does
the
author
discuss
plastic
straws
in
paragraph
3?
A.
To
show
the
difficulty
of
their
recycling.
B.
To
explain
why
they
are
useful.
C.
To
voice
his
views
on
modern
art.
D.
To
find
a
substitute
for
them.
7.
What
effect
would?"Truckload
of
Plastic"?have
on
viewers?
A.
Calming.
B.
Disturbing.
C.
Refreshing.
D.
Challenging.
8.
Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Artists'?Opinions
on
Plastic
Safety
B.
Media
Interest
in
Contemporary
Art
C.
Responsibility
Demanded
of
Big
Companies
D.
Ocean
Plastics
Transformed
into
Sculptures
C
Iceland
has
long
been
identified
as
having
unique
environments.
Here
you
can
walk
and
swim
between
tectonic
(地壳构造的)
plates,
bath
in
geothermal
waters,
and
experience
the
wild
landscapes.
Furthermore,
these
unique
environments
have
attracted
the
space-science
community
to
use
Iceland
as
one
of
its
test
sites
for
missions
travelling
to
Mars
(火星).
DAY
1
Arrive
in
Reykjavik.
After
check-in,
you
will
visit
the
geothermal
pools
of
the
Blue
Lagoon
to
relax
after
your
flight,
before
returning
to
your
hotel
to
freshen
up.
You
will
then
head
to
the
Aurora
Basecamp
Observatory,
where
you
will
be
able
to
see
the
northern
lights
recreated
indoors.
In
the
evening,
space
expert
Niamh
Shaw
will
give
the
first
of
two
talks
on
our
attempt
to
establish
bases
on
other
planets.
DAY
2
After
breakfast,
you
will
set
out
on
special
vehicles
towards
?ingvellir
National
Park,
a
registered
UNESCO
world
heritage
(遗产)
site
accompanied
by
Niamh.
Here,
you
will
have
the
opportunity
to
do
something
that
you
can’t
do
anywhere
else,
the
opportunity
to
swim
between
the
tectonic
plates.
In
the
evening,
you
will
enjoy
a
second
talk
from
Niamh.
DAY
3
Today
you
begin
your
journey
towards
the
2020
NASA
test
site,
where
the
NASA
SAND_E
Mars
Rover
is
being
tested.
NASA
scientists
will
be
on
hand
to
explain
the
project,
along
with
updates
of
the
current
Mars
missions
and
the
most
recent
findings.
DAY
4
In
2019,
Iceland
Space
Agency
hosted
the
ISAGEVR1
Expedition
to
Grimsv?tn
Volcano
on
top
of
the
Vatnaj?kull
Glacier
(冰川)
to
field
test
the
MS1
Mars
Analog
Spacesuit
designed
by
the
NASA/Johnson
space
centre.
We
will
be
working
together
with
the
agency
to
create
a
unique
experience
for
you
today
on
the
glacier.
DAY
5
In
the
afternoon,
you
will
reach
the
bridge
between
the
continents,
spanning
a
gap
in
between
the
two
tectonic
plates,
on
your
way
to
Keflavik
Airport
and
your
evening
flight
home.
9.
Who
would
be
most
interested
in
this
travel
arrangement
to
Iceland?
A.
Fiction
writers.
B.
Space
enthusiasts.
C.
Wildlife
protectors.
D.
Professional
swimmers.
10.
Which
days
include
chances
to
experience
something
about
Mars?
A.
Day
1
and
Day
2.
B.
Day
2
and
Day
3.
C.
Day
3
and
Day
4.
D.
Day
4
and
Day
5.
11.
Which
of
the
following
can
best
promote
this
tour?
A.
“We
hope
to
offer
you
a
great
opportunity
to
enjoy
hiking.”
B.
“We
will
let
you
explore
how
NASA
is
a
part
of
everyday
life.”
C.
“We
want
to
help
you
discover
space
science
through
the
joy
of
travel.”
D.
“We
will
provide
you
a
chance
to
experience
the
culture
near
the
Arctic
Circle.”
D
Those
with
closed
minds
refused
to
consider
any
contradictory
facts,
and
they
proceed
with
their
planned
course
of
action,
full
speed
ahead,
with
their
“minds
made
up”
and
tightly
shut.
As
an
illustration,
consider
the
situation
in
1986,
prior
to
the
space
shuttle
Challenger’s
disatrous
launch
that
killed
all
seven
astronauts
aboard,
there
was
a
heated
telephone
debate
between
two
engineers
from
the
company
that
produced
the
shuttle
booster
rockets
and
the
top
officials
of
NASA
(the
federal
government’s
space
agency).
The
engineers
insisted
that
the
flight
was
too
risky
because
of
freezing
temperature
at
the
Florida
launch
site.
They
explained
that
some
of
the
seals
on
the
fuel
tanks
were
not
designed
to
withstand
such
low
temperatures
and
might
leak
under
pressure,
thus
endangering
the
craft
and
crew.
Despite
the
pleas
to
stop
the
flight,
officials
at
NASA
overruled
the
engineers,
who
were
best
qualified
to
make
judgments
about
the
complex
technical
problems
of
space
flight.
What
caused
the
officials
to
ignore
the
engineers?
Several
flights
had
already
been
postponed,
and
it
would
not
look
good
to
postpone
another.
It
would
be
bad
public
relations
to
disappoint
the
crowds
of
people
and
news
reporters
waiting
for
the
launch.
Top
government
officials
were
ready
to
appear
on
the
national
television
and
take
the
credit
for
another
safe
flight.
As
a
result,
with
their
minds
absolutely
closed
to
the
facts
presented
by
the
engineers,
NASA
officials
ordered
the
Challenger
to
take
off.
Seventy-three
seconds
later,
the
spacecraft
was
enveloped
in
flame.
Incredibly,
seventeen
years
later,
the
lesson
of
the
Challenger
disaster
was
repeated.
In
2003,
the
space
shuttle
Columbia
broke
apart
while
re-entering
the
earth’s
atmosphere,
killing
another
crew
of
seven.
During
the
shuttle’s
liftoff,
a
piece
of
foam
insulation(泡沫隔热材料)
had
broken
off,
hitting
the
shuttle's
wing
at
five
hundred
miles
per
hour.
Lower-level
engineers
at
NASA
begged
for
photographs
of
the
Columbia
in
orbit,
which
might
have
shown
the
extent
of
the
damage,
but
their
closed-minded
superiors
ignored
their
requests.
It
was
the
damage
caused
by
the
1.7
pound
chunk
of
insulation
that
doomed
the
Columbia.
There
is
no
virtue
in
ignoring
contradictory
facts
and
“sticking
to
your
guns”
when
the
course
taken
shows
all
the
signs
of
being
the
wrong
one.
Closed
minds
are
especially
noticeable
in
political
campaigns
and
debates.
Many
people
line
up
to
support
one
candidate
or
another
and
won’t
listen
to
any
facts
presented
by
the
opposing
candidate.
All
those
with
an
open
mind
say
is
this:
“I
don’t
know
everything,
so
I’d
better
keep
my
mind,
eyes,
and
ears
open
to
any
new
facts
that
may
come
along.”
The
world
would
be
a
much
better
and
safer
place
if
everyone
had
this
attitude.
12.
Which
of
the
following
brought
about
the
disastrous
launch
of
the
Challenger?
A.
Its
crew
B.
The
engineers
C.
The
fuel
tanks’
seals
D.
The
size
of
its
rocket
13.
When
the
engineers
appealed
to
stop
the
launch
of
the
Challenger,
the
government
officials
___________.
A.
postponed
the
flight
at
once.
B.
made
judgments
about
the
complex
technical
problems.
C.
announced
the
news
on
national
television.
D.
ordered
to
launch
the
Challenger
as
scheduled.
14.
What
could
be
inferred
from
Paragraph
3?
A.
The
Columbia
disaster
was
impossible
to
foresee.
B.
Engineers
were
to
blame
for
the
Columbia’s
explosion.
C.
The
Columbia
disaster
could
have
been
avoided.
D.
The
Columbia
was
deliberately
damaged.
15.
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“sticking
to
your
guns”
in
Paragraph
4
mean?
A.
Holding
firm
to
your
own
opinion.
B.
Remaining
and
firing
your
gun
at
enemies.
C.
Strengthening
your
status.
D.
Keeping
an
open
mind.
第二节
七选五
(共
5
小题；每小题
2.5
分，满分
12.5
分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What
are
the
things
that
scare
you:
snakes,
spiders
or
fierce
tigers?
Or
maybe
you
have
a
fear
of
heights
or
visiting
the
dentist.
Although
some
of
us
just
get
scared
or
a
bit
nervous
about
these
things,
for
others
it
can
cause
an
unreasonable
reaction
that
can’t
be
controlled-something
we
call
a
phobia
(恐惧症).
___16___
Sometimes
it’s
good
to
be
aware
of
the
possible
dangers
from
things.
Our
brain
warns
us
of
the
risks
that
might
lie
ahead,
but
then
we
often
get
prepared
and
overcome
them.
Clinical
psychologist
Warren
Mansell
told
the
BBC,
“Our
fears
are
rooted
in
our
brains-we
don’t
need
to
learn
to
be
afraid
of
animals
like
snakes
or
spiders.”_____17_____With
a
phobia,
your
breathing
gets
quicker,
your
pulse
speeds
up,
you
sweat
and
your
brain
is
unable
to
control
these
reactions.
_
____18_____
Speaking
to
the
BBC,
Lauren
Rosenberg,
a
fear
and
phobia
expert,
says,
“Phobias
usually
are
a
copy
behaviour
from
a
higher
authority,
like
a
parent
or
teacher,
or
a
kind
of
mental
suffering
from
a
past
event
that
comes
back
to
trouble
you
continuously.”
There
are
many
different
complex
phobias
some
people
suffer
from,
such
as
agoraphobia－caused
by
being
away
from
home,
and
iatrophobia-fear
of
doctors._______19_______Therapy
(心理治疗)
is
one
choice,
where
you
gradually
get
used
to
whatever
it
is
you
fear.
Lauren
Rosenburg
says
she
likes
to
work
with
people
to
clear
their
bad
memory
and
help
them
breathe.
But
if
you
do
have
a
phobia,
continually
trying
to
avoid
what
you’re
afraid
of
by
yourself
is
likely
to
make
the
situation
worse.____20____
A.
Then
how
can
they
be
overcome?
B.
But
where
does
a
phobia
come
from?
C.
But
phobias
are
stronger
than
just
fears.
D.
The
right
thing
to
do
is
to
find
help
to
overcome
it.
E.
Overcoming
a
phobia
can
take
patience
devotion
and
courage.
F.
Are
there
any
phobias
that
tend
to
be
more
common
than
others?
G.
It
occurs
when
someone
develops
an
unrealistic
sense
of
danger
about
a
situation
or
object.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My
life
as
a
tax-paying
employed
person
began
in
middle
school,
when,
for
three
whole
days,
I
worked
in
a
baking
factory.
My
best
friend
Betsy’s
father
was
a
manager
at
Hough
Bakeries,
which,
at
Easter
time,
____21____
little
bunny
(
兔
子
)
cakes
for
all
its
____22____throughout
Cleveland.
It
happened
that
the
plant
downtown
needed
eight
kids
for
____23____
help
during
our
spring
break,
for
which
I
had
no____24____
beyond
listening
to
my
favorite
records.
I’d
____25____
minimum
wage.
I’d
see
how
a
factory____26____.
My
parents
thought
all
of
this
was
a
grand
idea
and
called
Betsy’s
dad
with
their
____27____.
Our____28____in
the
factory
were
simple:
Place
cakes
on
a
moving
belt.
Attach
icing
(糖霜)
ears.
Apply
icing
eyes
and
nose.____29____
bunny
from
the
belt.
This
was
_____30_____
than
it
sounds._____31_____
a
bit
and
the
cakes
pile
up.
As
I
told
my
parents
at
dinner
that
first
night,
it
was
all
a
little
more
high-pressure
than
I’d
_____32_____
.
Dad
____33____.
The
son
of
a
grocer,
he’d
spent
the
summers
of
his
childhood_____34_____
food
in
Benardsville,
New
Jersey.
This
was
the
sort
of
work
that
made
you_____35_____
the
dollars
you
earned
and
respect
those
who
did
the
work,
he
told
me.
21.
A.
sold
B.
ordered
C.
made
D.
reserved
22.
A.
stores
B.
families
C.
schools
D.
citizens
23.
A.
generous
B.
financial
C.
technical
D.
temporary
24.
A.
plans
B.
problems
C.
excuses
D.
hobbies
25.
A.
offer
B.
earn
C.
set
D.
suggest
26.
A.
worked
B.
closed
C.
developed
D.
survived
27.
A.
ambition
B.
permission
C.
experience
D.
invitation
28.
A.
joys
B.
ideas
C.
roles
D.
choices
29.
A.
Save
B.
Keep
C.
Stop
D.
Remove
30.
A.
harder
B.
better
C.
longer
D.
cheaper
31.
A.
Calm
down
B.
Slow
down
C.
Stay
on
D.
Move
on
32.
A.
indicated
B.
witnessed
C.
expected
D.
remembered
33.
A.
cried
B.
smiled
C.
hesitated
D.
refused
34.
A.
tasting
B.
finding
C.
sharing
D.
delivering
35.
A.
withdraw
B.
donate
C.
receive
D.
appreciate
第
II卷（非选择题）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
Xi'an
City
Wall
is
the
most
complete
city
wall
that
has
survived
China's
long
history.
It
___36___
(build)
originally
to
protect
the
city
___37___
the
Tang
dynasty
and
has
now
been
completely
restored
(修复).
It
is
possible
___38___
(walk)
or
bike
the
entire
14
kilometers.
We
accessed
the
wall
through
the
South
Gate.
The
wall
is
12
meters
high
and
from
here
you
can
see
streams
of
people
moving
inside
and
outside
the
City
Wall.
After
___39___
(spend)
some
time
looking
at
all
the
defensive
equipment
at
the
wall,
we
decided
it
was
time
for
some
action
and
what
___40___
(good)
than
to
ride
on
a
piece
of
history!
We
___41__
(hire)
our
bikes
from
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
___42___
did
the
job.
It
took
us
about
3
hours
to
go
all
___43___
way
around
the
Xi'an
City
Wall.
Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
___44___
(watchtower)
to
fake
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
____45____
(day)
routines.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节书面表达（满分15分）
46假定你是晨光中学的学生李律，你正在某国外中学作交换生，该校的“外国文化”栏目近期将介绍中国传统文化，校报编辑Jenny给你写信，咨询你的意见。请你给Jenny写封回信，内容要点如下：
1.你认为最能代表中国文化的是什么?请说明理由；
2.我们应该如何更好地推广中国文化?
(至少两点)
3.词数不少于100.
第二节读后续写（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。
阅读下面材料,
根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,
使之构成
一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150
左右。
“Now,
parents
and
students
separate
into
two
groups.
You
will
be
reunited
at
the
end
of
the
campus
tour.
”
Groups
of
incoming
freshmen
happily
left
their
parents
upon
hearing
this
announcement.
I
was
less
than
thrilled
about
starting
college,
let
alone
leaving
my
mother's
side
to
tour
the
campus
with
other
freshmen；I
felt
a
little
anxious.
We
followed
the
senior
tour
guide.
The
other
freshmen
chatted
and
made
casual
introductions
as
I
dragged
behind.
How
could
I
have
believed
I
was
ready
for
this
？
After
all,
it
had
only
been
a
few
months
since
I
left
the
hospital.
I
was
feeling
better
for
the
first
time
in
years.
But
college.
.
.
？
My
thinking
was
interrupted
by
a
sweet
female
voice,
"Hi,
I'm
Jennifer.
"
"I'm
Lauren,
"I
replied.
"Where
do
you
prefer
to
live？
At
home
or
on
campus？
"she
smiled.
"I'm
not
sure,
"I
said.
"You
should
live
on
campus！It
will
be
a
lot
of
fun！
"she
said.
Before
I
could
reply,
the
tour
guide
announced
it
was
time
to
create
our
schedules
and
select
the
courses
we
wanted
to
take.
We
crowded
into
the
Student
Activity
Center.
Three
seniors
handed
out
thick
course
bulletins
（课程公告）and
forms
that
needed
to
be
filled
out.
All
around
me,
the
sounds
of
turning
papers
and
writing
sounded
like
those
given
by
an
alarm
clock.
Others
seemed
to
be
moving
through
the
process
quickly
but
I
hadn't
even
opened
my
course
catalog
（目
录）.
"Focus,
"I
told
myself.
"Just
read
through
the
catalog
and
find
the
courses
you
like
and
a
schedule
that
works.
"Psychology
A
or
B,
Geology
101,
English,
History,
sections
1,
2,
3.
.
.
The
list
went
on
and
on.
I
panicked
and
almost
started
to
cry.
How
was
I
supposed
to
know
how
to
complete
it？I
was
just
relearning
how
to
live
in
the
real
world,
and
they
wanted
me
to
make
a
schedule.
How
I
wished
someone
could
help
me.
Paragraph
1:
Soon,
other
freshmen
were
handing
in
their
forms.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2:
Then,
I
felt
a
warm
hand
on
my
shoulder.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
