动词时态语态综合练习&写作专题讲义2021-2022学年牛津译林版九年级上学期英语

动词时态语态综合练习&写作
单项选择
1.
The
life
we
were
used
to
______
greatly
since
2000.
A.
change
B.
has
changed
C.
changing
D.
changed
2.
—When
shall
we
go
and
play
basketball?
—
Not
until
the
work
_______
tomorrow.
A.
will
finish
B.
have
finished
C.
will
be
finished
D.
is
finished
3.
—Tom,
I
told
you
how
to
solve
the
math
problem
in
the
last
lesson.
—I’m
sorry,
Mr.
Lin.
I
______about
the
plan
for
the
class
trip.
A.
think
B.
thought
C.
was
thinking
D.
have
thought
4.
Keep
quiet,
please!
You
must
know
talking
loudly________
in
the
reading
room.
A.
is
not
allowed
B.
is
allowed
C.
doesn’t
allow
D.
allows
5.
Next
term
one
thousand
junior
high
school
graduates
______
as
pilots
in
China.
A.
train
B.
will
train
C.
will
be
trained
D.
have
been
trained
6.
—Mum,
let’s
go
shopping
together.
—Can’t
you
see
I’m
so
busy,
dear?
I
______
tomorrow’s
meeting.
A.
prepare
B.
am
preparing
C.
was
preparing
D.
have
prepared
7.
Taobao,
China’s
biggest
online
shopping
platform,
_______
the
ways
Chinese
people
shop
and
live.
A.
changes
B.
changed
C.
has
changed
D.
was
changing
8.
To
live
on
Mars,
you
need
to
wear
boots
which
________
to
prevent
you
from
floating
off
into
space.
A.
design
B.
designed
C.
are
designing
D.
are
designed
9.
Lots
of
people
like
to
take
a
walk
on
Nanjing
City
Wall
since
it
_______.
A.
repaired
B.
was
repaired
C.
has
repaired
D.
is
repaired
10.
About
20
works
from
Pablo
Picasso
(毕加索)
______
to
the
public
at
the
Nanjing
International
Art
Festival
in
September
this
year.
A.
was
shown
B.
were
shown
C.
are
shown
D.
will
be
shown
11.
Pukou
Railway
Station
______
in
1911
and
it
has
become
a
filming
location
for
films
and
TV
plays
in
recent
years.
A.
build
B.
is
built
C.
built
D.
was
built
12.
—When
will
Uncle
Sam
come
to
see
us?
—
He’ll
visit
us
this
weekend.
He
______
me
that
by
email.
A.
told
B.
is
told
C.
will
tell
D.
was
going
to
tell
13.
—Hobo,
can
I
eat
the
hamburger?
—Sure,
if
the
dishes
_____.
A.
wash
B.
are
washed
C.
will
wash
D.
will
be
washed
14.
—
Is
there
a
library
in
Gaochun?
—Yes,
a
new
library
_______
and
is
now
open
to
the
public.
A.
will
be
built
B.
was
built
C.
has
been
built
D.
is
built
15.
—Linda,
together
with
her
parents,
______
up
the
mess
in
the
park
at
the
moment.
—It’s
meaningful
to
be
a
volunteer.
Let’s
join
them.
A.
is
cleaning
B.
are
cleaning
C.
has
cleaned
D.
have
cleaned
【答案】1-5
BDCAC
6-10
BCDBD
11-15
DABCA
【知识梳理1】动词时态语态整体知识体系
一般现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数
一般过去时：谓语用动词的过去时
一般将来时：谓语用will/shall/be
going
to+动词原形
现在进行时：
谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词
现在完成时：
谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词
过去进行时：谓语用was/were+动词的现在分词
被动语态
主动语态
中考说明指出：
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
【知识梳理2】
1.
动词时态语态的考察方向：
近几年中考在考查时态语态时,形式灵活多样，多体现在上下文语境中,这样在无形中增加了试题的难度。要做好动词时态语态题，除了必须掌握各种时态的结构、含义和用法外，还应将动词放在具体的语言环境中学习。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。
2.
常用动词时态语态表:
时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/doesam/is/are
done一般过去时
was/were/didwas/were
done现在完成时has/have
donehas/have
been
done现在进行时am/is/are
doingam/is/are
being
done过去进行时was/were
doingwas/were
being
done一般将来时will
/shall
do
am/is/are
going
to
do
am/is/are
coming/leaving
am/is/are
to
do
am/is/are
about
to
dowill
/shall
be
done
am/is/are
to
be
done
【知识梳理3】动词时态语态解题技巧点拨
在语法填空题中，如果括号里已经给出动词，首先要判断它是做谓语还是非谓语。若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
下面我们来介绍一些做题方法：
查找时间标志词
若括号中所给的是动词，并且根据其在句中所处的位置和成分判断是谓语动词时，首先寻找时间标志词；如果句中有标志性的时间状语，则往往可以根据时间状语填写相应的时态。
【例题精讲】
【例1】—
How
do
you
like
your
English
teacher?
—
He
is
great.
We
friends
since
three
years
ago.
A.
were
B.
have
made
C.
have
been
D.
have
become
【答案】C
【解析】现在完成时态的用法。由答句中的since
three
years
ago可知，主语用现在完成时态，且动词用延续性动词，因此选C。
【例2】Emily，don’t
feed
tigers
and
lions
in
the
zoo．I
you
many
times.（warn）
【答案】have
warned
【解析】根据标志词many
times可知用现在完成时，表示动作发生的次数。
【例3】—Shall
we
go
out
for
a
swim?
—Sorry,
I
can’t.
I
______
housework
for
my
mother
now.
A.
am
doing
B.
is
doing
C.
are
doing
D.
did
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。根据语境“我不能出去游泳，（因为）我现在正在为我妈妈做家务。”后有now.故用现在进行时。选A。
【例4】John
likes
playing
soccer
very
much
and
he
_____
about
one
hour
playing
it
every
day.
????A.
spent
B.
will
spend
C.
has
spent
D.
spends
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时态。?由likes和后面every
day可知用一般现在时。
注意：动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语，请同学们熟记下6种常用时态所对应的时间状语。??
(1)一般现在时:often,?always,?usually,?seldom,?now,?every?day等;?
(2)一般过去时:then,?yesterday,?last?week,?after?that,?ago,
the
other
day,
in
1990s等;?
(3)现在进行时:now,?right?now,?at?present,?at?this?moment,?these?days等;???
(4)过去进行时:then,?at?that?time,?at?this?time?yesterday等;?
(5)现在完成时:?recently,?lately,?up?to/till?now,?so?far,?in?the?past/last?few?months/years,?for+一段时间,?since?+?时间点等,
already,
yet,
twice,
many
times;?
(6)一般将来时:tomorrow,?today,?next?week/month,
in?an?hour,?in?the?coming/following?few?weeks等;?
（2）主从句时态呼应
如果所填空格的句子是含有状语从句或宾语从句的主从复合句，可根据主从句时态呼应的原则填上正确的时态。根据主从句时态呼应原则解题时，要把握好以下几点：
①在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时.
②正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的先后时间，并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。
③解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时，考生应熟知以下规则：
主句动词为现在时，则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态；
主句动词为过去时，则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态（表示客观真理时使用一般现在时）。
【例题精讲】
【例1】
If
there
is
any
change
to
the
plan,
I
______
you
as
soon
as
possible.
A.
told
B.
have
told
C.
tell
D.
will
tell
【答案】D
【解析】本题时态的用法。作为连词，引导条件状语从句，它表示的意思是“假如”“如果”等。在复合句中如果主句用将来时，则if引导的状语从句用一般现在时。故选D。
【例2】
I
didn't
hear
you
because
I
the
news
on
the
radio.
listen
to
B.
am
listening
to
C.
listened
to
D.
was
listening
to
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意为“因为我正在听新闻我听不清楚你说的话”，主句为一般过去时态，强调两个动作同时发生从句用过去进行时态，故选D。
【例3】
Mr.
Li
_____
us
a
report
on
our
environment
when
the
earthquake
happened
in
Japan.
A.
gave
B.
is
giving
C.
was
giving
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态的用法。根据题意：当日本地震时，李先生正给我们做关于环境的报告。在有when引导的时间状语中一般用进行时态，结合句中时态则用过去进行时态。故本题选C。
【例4】
–
I
don’t
know
if
Mr.
Li
____
to
the
party
this
evening.
--
I
think
he
will
come
if
he
____
free.
A.
will
come;
is
B.
will
come;
will
be
C.
comes;
is
D.
comes;
will
be
【答案】A
【解析】从句时态的考察
本题考察if引导的从句时态的考察，第一个if引导的是宾语从句，“李老师今晚是不是将参加我们的聚会”应用一般将来时；第二个if引导的是条件状语从句应“主将从现”。
【例5】
—
When
should
I
hand
in
my
paper?
—
Your
paper
must
_
as
soon
as
the
bell_
.
A.
hand
in;
rings
B.
hand
in;
will
ring
C.
be
handed
in;
will
ring
D.
be
handed
in:
rings
【答案】D
【解析】被动语态与as
soon
as的用法。paper作主语
(为“交卷”的承受者)，故要用被动语态，as
soon
as表示“一……就……”，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。故选择D。
【例6】
We
are
glad
to
hear
that
the
Greens
_____
to
a
new
flat
next
week.
A)
move
B)
moved
C)
will
move
D)
have
moved
【答案】C
【解析】考查点：一般将来时的用法。
解题思路：这是一个由that引导的宾语从句，主句使用一般将来时，从句可以使用各种时态；由从句中next
week可以看出主句要使用一般将来时，故答案选C；
【例7】Although
Bill
isn’t
rich
enough,
he
often
______
money
to
the
poor.
A.
will
give
B.
was
giving
C.
gives
D.
gave
【
答案】C
【解析】考查点：本题考查的是时态。解题思路：题中“Although
Bill
isn’t
rich
enough”使用的是一般现在时态，所以后半句也使用一般现在时。故本题选C。
（3）注意固定搭配
英语中有很多固定搭配或特殊句式，使用的动词时态非常固定。如果句子构成某种固定搭配或特殊句式，则根据规则使用相应的时态。
【例题精讲】
【例1】Mary
isn't
here
at
the
moment.
She
_________
later.
a.
comes
B.
came
C.
has
come
D.
is
coming
【答案】D
【解析】时态的考察
句意为“玛丽现在不在这里，稍候她将马上来”。come，go,
move等表示位置移动的词常用进行时鄙视将来。
【例2】This
is
the
first
time
we
_______(see)
a
film
in
the
cinema
together
as
a
family.
【答案】have
seen
【解析】This
is
the
first
/
second
/last...time
(that)...是固定结构，后面的从句中应使用现在完成时。如果把is改为was，则后面的从句中应使用过去完成时。
【例3】—
How
can
I
apply
for
an
online
course?
—Just
fill
out
this
form
and
we
_______(see)
what
we
can
do
for
you.
【答案】will
see
【解析】“祈使句（或名词词组）+
and(或or)简单句”是并列句的一种固定句式，and（或or）后的简单句通常用一般将来时。
（4）细心体会语境
近年来中考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高，设题趋向于不出现时间状语，而向情境化、实际化的方向发展。因此，细心体会所给语境，根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。
【例题精讲】
【例1】Would
you
please
keep
silent?
The
weather
report
_______（broadcast）and
I
want
to
listen.
【答案】is
being
broadcast
/
will
be
broadcast。
【解析】由“I
want
to
listen.”可知，说话时天气预报正在播报或将要播报，应使用进行时或将来时，且表示被动含义，故填is
being
broadcast
/will
be
broadcast。
【例2】----Where
is
Michael?
----He
____
TV
at
home,
I
think.
A.
watches
B.
watched
C.
is
watching
D.
was
watching
【答案】C
【解析】考查点：考察时态。解题思路：根据句意：Michael在哪里？我想他在家……。句问的是现在的情况，所以问句应该回答现在的动作。故用现在进行时态，其结构是be(is/am/are)+doing。故选C。
【例3】—What
did
the
teacher
say
just
now?
—
Sorry.
I
didn’t
catch
it.
I
____
something
else.
A.
think
B.
will
think
C.
was
thinking
D.
had
thought
【答案】C
【解析】时态的考查。根据句意“刚才老师说什么了？对不起，我不知道。我在想别的事情”。说明当时“我”正在做其他的事情，应该是过去进行时态。
【例4】—
Where
is
Ben?
—
He
_____
to
the
teachers’
office.
He
will
be
back
soon.
A.
go
B.
has
gone
C.
has
been
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。have
been
to
“曾经去过某地”；have
gone
to
“去某地了，还未回来”。句意：—
本在哪里？—
他去办公室了。他不久就回来。故选B。
【例5】─Why
didn’t
you
hear
me
when
I
called
your
name
in
class？
─Sorry，sir．I
how
to
spend
the
coming
summer
holiday．
A.
imagine
B.
was
imagine
C.
imagined
D.
will
imagine
【答案】was
imagining
【解析】根据语境，上文说你为什么没听到我喊你，动作发生在过去，过去我喊你的时候你正在做什么用过去进行时。
（5）被动优先原则
当所给动词与其主语是被动意义时，应使用被动语态。
【例题精讲】
【例1】It
will
be
two
days
before
the
decision_________.
A.
has
made
B.
will
be
made
C.
was
made
D.
is
made.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查被动语态的用法。句意为“在下决心之前，将有两天的时间”
根据语境可知选D。
【例2】
Food
safety
is
important.
Rules
______
to
stop
people
from
food
pollution.
A.
must
make
B.
must
be
made
C.
can’t
make
D.
can’t
be
made
【答案】B
【解析】被动语态的用法。
本句句意：食品安全很重要，必须制定制度来阻止人们遭受食品污染；根据句意应该含情态动词must的被动语态，即must
be
done。
【例3】At
last
the
boy
was
made
and
began
to
laugh.
A.
stop
crying
B.
to
stop
to
cry
C.
to
stop
crying
D.
stop
to
cry
【答案】C
【解析】被动语态与非谓语动词
make,
have,
see
等动词在变为被动语态时要把省略的不定式符号to补出来；stop
to
do
“停下来去干…”；
stop
doing“停止做…”句意为“小男孩停止哭笑了起来”
语态特殊用法
语态特殊用法1：
无被动：happen,
take
place,
break
out,
rise,
belong
to,
run
out…
【例题精讲】
An
accident
____________
(happen)
on
this
road
last
week.
The
house
____________
(belong)
to
my
grandfather.
【答案】happened；belongs
语态特殊用法2：
主动表被动：
feel,
look,
taste,
sound,
smell(感官v.)…
write,
sell,
wash,
cook…(与副词well/badly/
easily连用，表主语的内在品质或性能时)
sth
need/want/require
+
doing/to
be
done
sth需要被…
be
worth
doing
值得做…
【例题精讲】
1.
The
flower
________
(smell)
good.
2.
The
pen
_____
(write)
well.?
3.
The
room
needs/wants/requires
________(clean)
4.
The
city
is
well
worth
________(visit).
【答案】smells；writes；cleaning；visiting
【知识梳理4】
英语写作的步骤及技巧
1）写作步骤
步骤一：审题
　　审题一定要做到五个方面：一审主题（写什么），二审体裁（记叙、说明、议论、夹叙夹议），三审时态，四审人称，五审内容要点（一定要在试卷中画出，免得写的时候忘记，导致跑题）
步骤二：打草稿
中考一定要打草稿，两大优势
1中考不准在试卷更改，涂改带、橡皮、胶条、小刀，而中考时落笔错误是难免的，涂改就会扣卷面分，打草稿就可以避免这个情况了。
2
正式写作是对草稿的再梳理，语言的再锤炼。
步骤三：正文写作
做到两点，一要凝练，二要变化。文章80—100字为宜，一定要注意使用过渡词、从句、50个句型和词组搭配。
步骤四：检查
英语写作检查的原则：
1
内容要点：缺少一个内容要点，文章直接降到第三档。
2
语法错误：名词查单复数和冠词问题，动词查时态语态和三单问题。
3
变换句式：过于简单的结构要试着变化
【例题精讲】
Write
a
passage
of
at
least
60
words
on
the
topic
"Water
Shortage"（以“水资源短缺”为题，写不少于60个词的短文）Use
the
following
points
as
a
guide
:
Water
is
very
important
in
our
life.
What
is
the
cause
of
the
water
shortage?
What
is
the
way
to
solve
the
problem?
（注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名，校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。
1.审题目
审题目：认真审题，看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，看懂题意，根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。
Write
a
passage
of
at
least
60
words
on
the
topic
“Water
Shortage
"Use
the
following
points
as
a
guide
:
2.
圈要点
防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。
Water
is
very
important
in
our
life.
What
is
the
cause
of
the
water
shortage?
What
is
the
way
to
solve
the
problem?
批注：要求让学生划出要点，提醒不要遗漏。通过细节培养学生的学习习惯。引导学生标准哪个部分详写，哪个部分略写。很显然文章笔墨要多用在第2、3点上。
3.列提纲
根据文章要点及短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下，形成提纲。
批注：列提纲经常被同学们忽略，加上平时积累、训练不足，考试时想到哪里就写到哪里，完全没了结构和顺序概念。所以要强调列提纲的重要性。可以先引导学生思索水的重要性、解决方法，再适当补充完善。以上要点不一定全写，可以适当删减。此外，学生思考时往往不够细致，总会越讲越空、大，建议引导学生从身边事，小事入手举例。
4.定基调
定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。
时态：
一般现在时
人称：第一人称
顺序：论点
论据
结论
开头：it
is
widely
accepted
that....
People
can’t
live
without
water.
结尾：We
should
cherish
water.
批注：这一部分不难，建议让学生自己确定。开头、结尾句型也要先让学生自己去想，之后加以引导、优化。不一定非是给定句型。
5.写全文
It
is
widely
accepted
that
water
plays
an
important
part
in
our
daily
life.
We
can’t
live
without
water.
However,
we
face
water
shortage
nowadays.
Many
reasons
caused
this
problem.
Firstly,
some
people
are
unaware
of
the
importance
of
water.
Secondly,
people
don’t
take
good
advantage
of
the
fresh
water.
Thirdly,
there
is
serious
water
pollution.
In
my
opinion,
many
ways
could
be
used
to
solve
the
problem.
We
can
save
water
by
turning
off
the
running
tap.
Besides,
we
should
reuse
the
used
water
by
watering
flowers
or
vegetables.
What’s
more,
we
must
reduce
water
pollution
and
clean
up
the
polluted
water.
Water
is
so
important
that
we
should
cherish
water.
批注：这是一篇范文，可以让学生标出其中的好词好句，保持不断积累的好习惯。
6.查疏漏
写作技巧
①把握全篇布局，背诵万能模板
中考情景是作文，无论哪种文体，一般都是用三段法来表示。我们管这样的文章叫做Hamburger
Writing(汉堡写作)
顾名思义，就是无论是记叙文、还是议论文或者夹叙夹议文章，都可以通用。简单解释如下：
第一段
开篇背景介绍（时间、地点、人物、事件）或发表观点
第二段
故事发展
论据、论点支撑
第三段
结局
总结观点
针对这种“三段式”作文，可以推荐给学生一些万能模板：
a.
解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
1.问题现状
2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
　　In
recent
days,
we
have
to
face
a
problem___A_________,
which
is
becoming
more
and
more
serious.
First,
_____________(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,
__________________(举例进一步说明现状)
　　Face
A,
we
should
take
action
to
deal
with
the
situation.
For
one
thing,
_______________(解决方法一).
For
another
__________________(解决方法二).
Finally,
___________________(解决方法三).
　　Personally,
I
believe
that
_________________________(我的解决方法).
Finally,
I’m
confident
that
a
bright
future
is
waiting
for
us
because__________________________(带来的好处).
b.
说明利弊题型
　　Nowadays,
there
is
a
widespread
concern
over
(the
issue
that)___作文题目______.
In
fact,
there
are
both
advantages
and
disadvantages
in
__题目议题_____.
Generally
speaking,
it
is
widely
believed
there
are
several
positive
aspects
as
follows.
Firstly,
___优点一______.
And
secondly
___优点二_____.
　　Just
As
a
popular
saying
goes,
"every
coin
has
two
sides",
__讨论议题______
is
no
exception,
and
in
another
word,
it
still
has
negative
aspects.
To
begin
with,
___缺点一______.
In
addition,
____缺点二______.
　　To
sum
up,
we
should
try
to
bring
the
advantages
of
__讨论议题____
into
full
play,
and
reduce
the
disadvantages
to
the
minimum
at
the
same
time.
In
that
case,
we
will
definitely
make
a
better
use
of
the
____讨论议题___.
c.
不同观点列举型（
选择型
）
　　There
is
a
widespread
concern
over
the
issue
that
__作文题目_____.
But
it
is
well
known
that
the
opinion
concerning
this
hot
topic
varies
from
person
to
person.
A
majority
of
people
think
that
_
观点一________.
In
their
views
there
are
2
factors
contributing
to
this
attitude
as
follows:
in
the
first
place,
___原因一_______.Furthermore,
in
the
second
place,
___原因二_____.
So
it
goes
without
saying
that
___观点一_____.
　　People,
however,
differ
in
their
opinions
on
this
matter.
Some
people
hold
the
idea
that
___观点二_______.
In
their
point
of
view,
on
the
one
hand，
___原因一_______.
On
the
other
hand,
____原因二_____.
Therefore,
there　is
no
doubt
that
___观点二______.　
　　As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
I　firmly　support　the　view　that
__观点一或二______.　It　is
not
only
because
________,
but
also
because
_________.
The
more
_______,
the
more
________.
②熟记常用过渡语和句型
a.
过渡语
表起始的过渡语：first
of
all,
to
begin
with,
in
my
opinion,
according
to,
so
far,
as
far
as等；
表时间的过渡语：first,
at
first,
then,
later,
in
the
end,
finally,
afterwards,
after
that,
since
then,
for
the
first
time,
at
last,
as
soon
as,
the
next
moment,
meanwhile,
later
on,
soon,
finally等；
表空间的过渡语：on
the
right/left,
to
the
right/left
of,
on
one
side
of…
on
the
other
side
of…,
at
the
foot/top/end
of,
in
the
middle/centre
of,
next
to,
far
from,
in
front
of等；
表因果的过渡语：for,
because
of,
one
reason
is
that…
another
reason
is
that…,
so,
as
a
result
(of)等；
表转折的过渡语：but,
yet,
however,
after
all,
in
fact,
while,
on
the
contrary,
instead
of,
although,
otherwise,
after
all等；
表列举的过渡语：for
example,
such
as,
like,
in
other
words,
and
so
on等;
表推进的过渡语：what’s
more,
on
one
hand…
on
the
other
hand…,
in
addition
to,
as
well,
still,
also,
in
other
words,
not
only…but
also…,
besides,
moreover等;
表总结的过渡语：in
short,
in
a
word,
in
general,
in
brief,
in
all,
on
the
whole等.
b.
句型
①万能句：
In
my
opinion,
…=
To
my
mind,
…=
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
…
With
the
development
of
science
and
technology,
...
I
will
work
hard
to
make
my
dream
come
true.
I
hope
your
dream
will
come
true
one
day.
It
takes
sb.
+时间+to
do…
sb.
spend（某种人称时态）+时间/钱+on
sth./
(in)
doing
sth.
It’s
important/necessary…
for
sb.
to
do…
It’s
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
It’s
a
waste
of
time
to…
It’s
great
fun
to
do=sb.
have
great
fun
doing
It’s
a
pity
that…
Great
changes
have
taken
place
in…
sth
is/are
well
worth
doing.
It
seems/seemed
that…
It
is
said
that…
As
the
saying
goes,
…
There
are
many
differences
between
…
and
…
I
have
made
up
my
mind
to
…
I
would
rather
…
than
…
If
we
don’t…,we
will
...
…
so...that...
…
too
…
to
do
...
②经典名言警句：
1.
Actions
speak
louder
than
words.
事实胜于雄辩
2.
A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友
3.
A
good
beginning
is
half
done.
良好的开端是成功的一半
4.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
有志者事竟成
5.
All
roads
lead
to
Rome.
条条大道通罗马
6.
Easier
said
than
done.
说起来容易，做起来难
7.
Easy
come,
easy
go.
来得快，去得快
8.
Every
man
has
his
weak
side.
人人都有缺点
9.
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
失败是成功之母
10.
Look
before
you
leap.
三思而后行
11.
Nothing
in
the
world
is
difficult
if
you
set
your
mind
to
it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人
12.
A
life
without
a
friend
is
a
life
without
a
sun.
人若无友，就如同生命中没有太阳
13.
All
things
are
difficult
before
they
are
easy.
万事开头难
14.
Always
prepare
for
a
rainy
day.
未雨绸缪
15.
As
you
sow,
so
shall
you
reap.
种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
16.
I
might
say
that
success
is
won
by
three
things:
first,
effort;
second,
more
effort;
third,
still
more
effort.
成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力，努力，再努力
17.
Don’t
put
off
till
tomorrow
what
should
be
done
today.
有事莫推明天
18.
Practice
makes
perfect.熟能生巧
19.
Bad
news
has
wings.
好事不出门，坏事传千里
20.
Honesty
is
the
best
policy.
做人以诚信为本
21.
You
have
to
believe
in
yourself.
That’s
the
secret
of
success.
你必须相信自己，这是成功的关键
22.
Don’t
judge
a
man
by
his
looks.
不可以貌取人
③避免使用自己无把握的词
有些同学为了使自己的文章一鸣惊人，不愿意使用熟悉的常用词，而片面追求一些生冷的词汇，这些词他们往往不会用，不知道如何搭配，结果适得其反，使文章显得生硬不协调，甚至错误连篇。如要表达“他没能和朋友联系上”，He
failed
to
keep
in
touch
with
his
friend.
failed
表示“没能够”，但有些同学从“文曲星”等工具上查得disenable
，其意思为“使不能够”，是不可以代替fail
的。所以在写作时，主动权掌握在自己手中，实事求是地选择自己有把握的词，避免不必要的失分是能够做得到的。
④注意文采
如果学生有时间和精力,想把书面表达写得更好,那么,还可注意以下几点:
(1)句型多样化,不要I(We)…到底,使人觉得乏味。
(2)适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句。
(3)进一步描绘人或事物时,适当使用定语从句。
(4)适当使用分词或分词短语,烘托谓语动词。
(5)偶尔使用一下倒装句,增加新鲜感。
(6)适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置,使句子不雷同。
(7)上下句子紧接时,其中完全相同的成分可以省略,以节省篇幅。
⑤注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用
1)语态、时态要准确无误。
2)主谓语要一致,主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。
3)注意人称代词的宾格形式。
4)注意冠词用法,例如:
He
is
an
honest
student.中的an不能写成a。
5)注意拼写、标点符号和大小写
⑥书写工整,卷面整洁
字迹要清晰,让阅卷人看得清楚,不可字迹潦草,难以辨认,要保持卷面的整洁。
⑦写完之后,勿忘检查
中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分,根据错误多少来扣分。因此,中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手:
(1)格式是否有错。
(2)拼写有无错误。
(3)语言是否用错。
(4)时态、语态错误。
(5)标点错误。
(6)人称是否用错。
【注意】此时不宜在卷面上作较大的改动,以免顾此失彼,影响全局。
【例题精讲】
例1：
共享单车自从2016年在江阴投入使用以来，给人们带来了诸多便利，受到人们的追捧，改变了人们的出行方式，但同时也遇到了一些挑战，是国民素质的“照妖镜”，请你根据表格中信息的提示，给21世纪英文报写一篇关于共享单车看法的稿件。
社会现状自从出现，饱受赞誉。诸多优势1.???????随处可见，出行方便
2.???????有益健康，减少污染
3.???????费用不高，负担得起存在问题1.???????未及时归还
2.???????占道挡路你的观点我认为------
参考词汇：公共自行车public
bicycles
注意事项：1.短文须包括表格中所有提示内容，要求语句通顺，意思连贯。
2.表格中“你的观点”一栏用2-3句话展开合理想象，做适当发挥。
??????????
3.词数在90个左右，文章的开头部分已给出，不计入总词数。
Public
bicycles
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular
in
our
daily
life.?????????????????????????????????
?????
???????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????
?????????
??
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????
????
??????????????????????????
??????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????
??????????
?????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????
??
????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?
【答案】Public
bicycles
are
becoming
more
and
more
popular
in
our
daily
life.?They
have
won
high
praise
since
they
appeared.
Public
bicycles
have
brought
us
many
advantages.
They
can
be
seen
everywhere
so
that
it’s
easy
for
us
to
get
around
on
public
bicycles.
Also,
Riding
bicycles
not
only
is
good
for?our
health
but
also
can
help
reduce
pollution.
What’s
more,
using
public
bicycles
costs
so
little
that
we
can
afford
it.
But
there
are
some
problems
too.
Some
people
can’t
return
public
bicycles
in
time.
Sometimes
because
public
bicycles
take
up
too
much
of
the
road,
they
are
in
our
way.
I
think
we
should
encourage
more
people
to
use
public
bicycles.
After
all,
it’s
a
way
of
living
a
green
life.?????????
【解析】
优点1.?随处可见，出行方便They
can
be
seen
everywhere
so
that
it’s
easy
for
us
to
get
around
on
public
bicycles.?
2.有益健康，减少污染
Riding
bicycles
not
only
is
good
for?our
health
but
also
can
help
reduce
pollution.?
3.费用不高，负担得起
?Using
public
bicycles
costs
so
little
that
we
can
afford
it.
缺点1.未及时归还Some
people
can’t
return
public
bicycles
in
time.?
2.占道挡路Sometimes
because
public
bicycles
take
up
too
much
of
the
road,
they
are
in
our
way.?
批注：四字短语的翻译积累
培养团队精神develop
team
spirit
敢于尝试Have
the
courage
to
try
强身健体Strengthen
one’s
body
敢于动脑Think
more
often
尊老爱幼Respect
the
old
and
take
care
of
the
young
随心所欲Do
whatever...likes
鸟语花香Smell
the
flowers
and
hear
the
birds
sing
人山人海Huge
crowds
of
people
耐心倾听Listen
to
others
carefully/patiently
沉浸在音乐中Lose
oneself
in
music
增长见识/开阔视野Widen
your
knowledge
见解独特Have
one’s
own
opinion
明确目标Have
a
clear
aim
思维活跃Think
actively
旅途艰辛A
hard
journey
饱受赞誉饱受赞誉Win
high
praise
丰富生活Enrich
one’s
life
载歌载舞Sing
and
dance
劳逸结合Achieve
a
balance
between
study
and
rest/all
work
and
no
play
makes
Jack
a
dull
boy.
例2：“南通市安全教育平台”让广大中小学生学到了很多安全知识。假如你是Jack，你的英国朋友Simon想了解平台的相关内容，请你根据下表提示用英语写一篇短文，从提供的六个类别里选择两个，跟
Simon谈谈相应的保护自身安全的措施，并分享你的体会。
Contents
（内容）Categories（类别）fire
safetyfood
safetytraffic
safetyInternet
safetynatural
disastersaccidental
injuriesSolutions（措施）……（请按你自选的两类内容分别写两点）Understanding（体会）treasure
life；…（请写1～2点）
提示词汇：accidental
injuries意外伤害
treasure珍爱
vt．
注意：1．短文中应包含所要求的信息，可以适当发挥。
2．词数90左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
3．短文中中请勿提及真实校名及姓名。
Dear
Simon，
Safety
is
very
important．Our
government
especially
pays
attention
to
teenage
safety．A
website
called
nantong.
sa
fetree.
com
helps
us
gain
a
lot
of
knowledge
of
safety．On
the
website，I
have
learned
a
lot．
【答案】One
possible
version:
Dear
Simon，
Safety
is
very
important．Our
government
especially
pays
attention
to
teenage
safety．A
website
called
nantong.sa
fetree.
com
helps
us
gain
a
lot
of
knowledge
of
safety．On
the
website，I
have
learned
a
lot．
Food
safety
is
the
most
common
problem
with
us
students．We
should
stay
away
from
fast
food．Perhaps
fast
food
is
delicious，but
it’s
bad
for
our
health．Some
dishes
and
food
may
be
expired
and
you
shouldn't
eat
them
the
next
day，especially
the
dishes
and
food
that
were
put
into
the
fridge
the
night
before．【高分句型一】I
once
ate
the
dishes
in
the
fridge．The
next
day，when
I
got
to
school，I
had
a
stomachache．【高分句型二】At
least
you
should
heat
it
enough
before
you
eat
them．Next，the
traffic
safety
is
also
a
big
problem．It's
necessary
for
us
to
obey
the
traffic
rules，especially
when
we’re
on
the
way
to
school
or
back
home．【高分句型三】Pay
more
attention
to
the
traffic
lights．Don't
cross
the
road
when
the
light
is
red．We
should
always
go
on
the
right
side．Don't
ride
bikes
side
by
side．
All
in
all，we
must
realize
the
danger
around
us
and
treasure
our
lives．Safety
is
always
the
first
priority．
Yours
Jack
【解析】
高分句型一：Some
dishes
and
food
may
be
expired
and
you
shouldn't
eat
them
the
next
day,
especially
the
dishes
and
food
that
were
put
into
the
fridge
the
night
before．
句子前半部分以and连接两个短句“some
dishes
and
food
may
be
expired”
和“you
shouldn't
eat
them
the
next
day”，“expired”意思是“过期的”；
句子的后半部分“that
were
put
into
the
fridge
the
night
before”是定语从句，修饰“the
dishes
and
food”。整句话的意思是：一些菜和食物可能是过期的，所以你第二天不应该吃他们，尤其是那些前一天晚上就放在冰箱里的食物。
高分句型二：The
next
day，when
I
got
to
school，I
had
a
stomachache．
句中
“when
I
got
to
school”为时间状语从句，短语“have
a
stomachache”意思是“肚子疼，胃痛”，这句话意为：第二天，当我到学校的时候，我肚子疼了。
高分句型三：It's
necessary
for
us
to
obey
the
traffic
rules，especially
when
we’re
on
the
way
to
school
or
back
home．
句型“It's
adj.
for
sb.
to
do
sth.”，意为“对某人来说，做某事是怎么样的”，短语“obey
the
traffic
rules”意思是“遵守交通规则”，句子意思是：多我们来说，遵守交通规则是有必要的，尤其是在上学或者回家的路上。
六种时态总结
种类谓语形式用法be动词的一般现在时
行为动词及其他连系动词的一般现在时
is,
am,
are＋表语，根据人称而定表示现在的状态。
1.动词原形
2.主语是单数第三人称，谓语加?s，?es
1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作；
2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等；
3.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。be动词的一般过去时
行为动词及其他连系动词的一般过去时
was/were＋表语1.表示过去存在的状态；
2.表示过去经常存在的状态。动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作；
2.表示过去经常发生的动作。现在进行时am/is/are＋动词的现在分词
1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作；
2．与always，usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。一般将来时
1.will/shall＋动词原形
2.
be
going
to＋动词原形
3.
be＋位移v.?ing1.be
going
to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人，也可以是物；
2.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时；
3.一些表示位移的动词，如go,
come,
leave,
arrive,
fly,
start,
move等，常用现在进行时表示将来时。现在完成时
have/has＋动词的过去分词
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果；
2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用；
注意：终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
—What
do
you
think
of
my
plan?
—Sorry.
What’s
that?
I
___________
(listen)
to
my
favourite
song.
2.
Shouldn’t
he
___________
(pay)
more
though
he
doesn’t
mind
doing
extra
work
for
the
company?
3.
The
paintings
he
devoted
all
his
life
to
___________
(show)
successfully
last
week.
4.
Every
time
such
a
foolish
mistake
________(make),
Miss
Gao
will
get
very
angry.
5.
With
all
lights
on,
the
classroom
________
(become)
as
bright
as
day
when
they
got
there.
6.
Any
confirmed
H1N1
flu
case
should
_______
(report)
to
the
central
government
and
the
public
openly
and
immediately.
7.
Carl
was
woken
up
at
4
a.m.
by
a
strong
shake
because
the
family
dog
_____
(try)
to
pull
him
out
of
bed.
【答案】
was
listening
2.
be
paid
3.were
shown
4.
is
made
5.
became
6.
be
reported
7.
was
trying
二、词汇
（1）.
请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
manage
sweep
expect
wait
promise
1.
Your
father
▲
you
to
be
a
teacher
in
the
future,
doesn’t
he?（海安一模）
2.
Since
they
▲
to
return
your
money,
please
keep
calm
and
wait
patiently.
（海安一模）
3.
—Sam,
come
downstairs,
please.
I
need
your
help.
—Just
a
minute,
Mum.
I
▲
the
floor.（海安一模）
4.
—Why
were
there
so
many
students
at
the
school
gate
when
we
passed
by?
—They
▲
for
a
bus
home.
（海安一模）
5.
Without
any
help,
his
father
▲
to
repair
the
car
all
by
himself
at
last.（海安一模）
1.
expects
2.
have
promised
3.
am
sweeping
4.
were
waiting
5.
managed
（2）.
请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
drop
complete
rain
lose
repair
1.
I
can’t
find
my
notebook
anywhere.
I
am
afraid
that
I
_______
it.
（启东一模）
2.
—Did
you
go
to
watch
the
soccer
game
last
Sunday
afternoon?
—Yes,
though
it
________
all
the
time.
（启东一模）
3.
The
temperature
suddenly
______
and
many
cars
on
the
road
broke
down.
（启东一模）
4.
Mr
Brown
often
________
broken
things
for
his
neighbours.（启东一模）
5.
—How
soon
______
they
______
the
task?
—Maybe
in
a
week.
（启东一模）
have
lost
2.
was
raining
3.
dropped
4.
repairs
5.
will
complete
（3）.
请根据句意从方框中选择合适的动词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。
1.
Flora
looked
out
of
the
window
and
found
it
________
heavily.（通州一模）
2.
The
Indian
girl
can
speak
Chinese
without
difficulty
because
she
________
in
China
for
years.
（通州一模）
3.
I
am
sure
that
you
________
some
day
if
you
can
work
hard.
（通州一模）
4.
The
volunteers
will
show
the
visitors
around
the
Disneyland
when
it
________
next
month.（通州一模）
5.
―Cathy,
can
you
answer
the
door?
I
________
the
room.
―I’m
coming,
mum.（通州一模）
1.
was
snowing
2.
has
stayed
3.
will
succeed
4.
opens
5.
am
cleaning
1