中考英语语法复习之形容词、副词及代词 课件(共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
Revision
of
Junior
English
初三英语复习
Adjectives
and
Adverbs
形容词、副词
区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词
★
already
常用于肯定句、个别疑问句
yet
常用于否定句、疑问句
The
train
has
already
gone.
They
haven’t
come
back
yet.
★
such
修饰名词
so
修饰形容词、副词
I
have
never
seen
such
an
interesting
film.
This
box
is
so
heavy
that
I
can’t
carry
it.
★
alone(单独、独自)作表语=by
oneself
lonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语
He
lived
alone,
but
he
didn’t
feel
lonely.
It’s
a
lonely
village.
★
hard(努力地)
hardly(几乎不)否定副词
She
works
very
hard,
and
he
hardly
has
a
rest
on
Sundays.
The
Comparative
&
Superlative
Degrees
of
Adjectives
&
Adverbs
形容词和副词
比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
1)
一般情况加
–
er
或
–
est
fast
–
faster
–
fastest
high
–
higher
–
highest
clever
–
cleverer
–
cleverest
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
2)
以字母
e
结尾加
–r
或
–st
fine
–
finer
–
finest
late
–
later
–
latest
nice
–
nicer
–
nicest
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
3)
重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音
字母时双写加
–er
或
–est
fat
–
fatter
–
fattest
big
–
bigger
–
biggest
thin
–
thinner
–
thinnest
规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词
4)
以辅音字母加
y
结尾变
y
为
i
加
–er
或
–est
early
–
earlier
–
earliest
easy
–
easier
–
easiest
lucky
–
luckier
–
luckiest
规则变化
部分双音节和多音节词
在词前加
more
或
most
slowly
-
more
slowly
-
most
slowly
easily
-
more
easily
-
most
easily
carefully
-
more
carefully
-
most
carefully
不规则变化
good/well
–
better
–
best
many/much
–
more
–
most
little
–
less
–
least
far
–
farther
–
farthest
(
far
–
further
–
furthest
)
bad/badly/ill
–
worse
–
worst
形容词和副词
比较级和最高级的用法
1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词
than
引导，表示“较······”或“更······一些”的意思
This
cake
is
more
delicious
than
that
one.
Li
Lei
jumped
farther
than
Jim
(did).
2)
表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围
Shanghai
is
the
biggest
city
in
China.
Lucy
sings
(the)
best
of
all.
He
is
the
most
careful
among
us.
3)
在表示
“和······一样······”
和
“不及······”
这类概念时，可以用
“as+原级+as”
和
“not
as（so）+原级+as”的句型
Our
teacher
is
as
busy
as
before.
He
does
not
run
so
(as)
fast
as
I.
4)
可用much,
still,
a
little,
even,
far,three
years等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级
She
is
much
taller
than
Mrs.Liu.
He
is
three
years
older
than
I.
This
problem
is
a
little
more
difficult
than
the
other
one.
5)几种比较级的使用句型
1.“
比较级
+
and
+
比较级
”
表示“
越来越······
”
Your
English
is
getting
better
and
better.
你的英语越来越好了。
These
days
more
and
more
people
are
learning
English.
现在学英语的人越来越多了。
2.
“the
+
比较级，the
+
比较级”
表示“
越······就越······
”
The
more,
the
better.
越多越好。
The
busier
he
is,
the
happier
he
feels.
他越忙越高兴。
3.“
more
(less)
than
”表示
“不止，不到”
She
is
more
than
thirty.
她三十多岁了。
The
lightest
weighs
less
than
50
kilograms.
最轻的不到五十公斤。
4.“more
or
less”表示“差不多，或多或少”
The
problem
is
more
or
less
solved.
这个问题差不多已经解决了。
Is
it
straight?
–
More
or
less.
它直吗？
–
差不多吧。
6)注意点
形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略
在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词
This
pen
is
shorter
than
that
one.
The
weather
here
is
warmer
than
that
of
Shanghai.
3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级
Who
is
taller,
Mary
or
Jane?
Which
is
biggest,
the
sun,
the
moon
or
the
earth?
7)掌握几种同义句转换
1.
He
is
taller
than
any
other
student
in
his
class.
=
He
is
taller
than
the
other
students
in
his
class.
=
He
is
taller
than
any
of
the
other
students
in
his
class.
=
He
is
the
tallest
(student)in
his
class.
3.
I
prefer
maths
to
English.
=I
like
maths
better
than
English.
4.
The
box
is
too
heavy
for
him
to
carry.
=
The
box
is
so
heavy
that
he
can’t
carry
it.
=
The
box
is
not
light
enough
for
him
to
carry.
Exercises
选择
(
)1
Who
gets
home
usually
____
in
your
family?
A.
the
latest
B.
later
C.
early
D.
as
late
(
)2
The
more
we
looked
at
the
picture,
____.
A.
we
like
it
less
B.
the
less
we
liked
it
C.
better
we
liked
it
D.
it
looked
better
(
)3
What
a
pity.
Lucy
ran
____
than
Lily.
A.
a
few
more
slowly
B.
a
little
more
slowly
C.
much
more
slowly
D.
little
slowlier
A
B
B
(
)4
Don’t
worry.
Your
baby
is
looked
after
____
here,
the
nurse
are
very
____.
A.
careful,
carefully
B.
carefully,
careful
C.
care,
careless
D.
careless,
care
(
)5
The
idea
became
____
.
He
wanted
to
try
____.
A.
strangly,
it
out
B.
strangly,
out
it
C.
strange,
it
out
D.
strange,
out
it
(
)6
Beijing
is
____
biggest
cities
in
China.
A.
the
first
B.
one
of
C.
the
second
D.
second
B
C
C
用词的适当形式填空
1
He
works
very
__________.
He
__________
has
a
rest
on
Sunday.
(hard)
2
__________,
he
didn’t
fail
in
the
exam.(luck)
3
He
was
so
__________
that
he
couldn’t
believe
this
__________
news.
(surprise)
4
He
won’t
do
it.
I
won’t
do
it,
__________.
(too)
hard
hardly
Luckily
surprised
surprising
either
5
Mr.
Green
is
feeling
__________
enough
to
go
to
work.
(good)
6
The
old
man
looks
very
_______________
than
you
think.
(friend)
7
This
box
is
not
so
______
as
that
one.
(heavy)
8
Lucy
jumped
__________
of
the
four.
(high)
well
more
friendly
heavy
highest
Pronouns
代
词
代词的分类
人称代词
Personal
Pronouns
物主代词
Possessive
Pronouns
反身代词
Self
Pronouns
不定代词
Indefinite
Pronouns
指示代词
Demonstrative
Pronouns
疑问代词
Interrogative
Pronouns
人称代词
Personal
Pronouns
数
单数
复数
人称
一
二
三
一
二
三
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
your
them
1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格
They
all
like
him
very
much.
他们都很喜欢他。
She
gave
the
books
to
you
and
me.
这些书是她送给你和我的。
2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格
Who’s
knocking
at
the
door?
–It’s
me.
谁敲门？-是我。
3.
人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为
“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”
You,
she
and
I
all
enjoy
the
music.
你我她都喜欢音乐。
4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等
We
love
our
motherland,
we
hope
she’ll
be
stronger
and
bigger.
我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。
The
ship
is
leaving.
She’s
on
her
first
trip
to
Boston.
轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。
5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等
What’
the
weather
like
today?
–
It’s
windy.
今天的天气怎么样？-
有风。
It’s
about
five
minutes’
walk
from
home
to
school.
从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。
6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳
It’s
hard
to
reach
the
apples.
很难够到苹果。
It’s
good
for
you
taking
a
walk
after
supper.
对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。
物主代词
Possessive
Pronouns
形容词性
名词性
my
mine
your
yours
his
his
her
hers
its
its
our
ours
your
yours
their
theirs
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语
My
brother
is
a
worker.
我弟弟是个工人。
His
parents
are
very
friendly.
他的父母非常友善。
2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语
Whose
dictionary
is
this?
–
It’s
mine.
这字典是谁的？
-
我的。
Our
room
is
big
and
theirs
is
small.
我们的房间大，他们的房间小。
You
may
use
my
pen.
I’ll
use
hers.
你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。
3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。
These
books
aren't
ours.
Ours
are
new.
(our
books
=
ours)
This
is
not
our
room.
Ours
is
over
there.
(our
room
=
ours)
4.“of
+名词性物主代词”表示所属
A
sister
of
his
is
a
nurse.
他的一个妹妹是个护士。
Tom
is
a
friend
of
mine
我的一个朋友
反身代词
Self
Pronouns
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语
He
thinks
more
of
others
than
of
himself.
他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。
That
poor
boy
was
myself.
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
He
himself
was
a
doctor.
他本人就是一个大夫。
I
myself
can
work
the
problem
out.
我能亲自算出这道题
2.反身代词有以下常见搭配
enjoy
oneself
=
have
a
good
time
by
oneself
=
alone
help
oneself
to…
learn
sth.
by
oneself?
=teach
oneself
sth.
注意：oneself
有单复数之分
I
enjoy
myself.
Children,
help
yourselves
to
some
fish.
不定代词
Indefinite
Pronouns
不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词
★
all,
each,
every,
both,
either,
neither
none,
one,
little,
few,
many,
much
other,
another,
some,
any,
no
★
由some,
any,
no,
every
等构成的合成代词
几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词
1.some/any
★
some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中
There
are
some
flowers
in
front
of
the
house.
★
any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句
Do
you
have
any
picture-books?
注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中
Would
you
like
some
meat?
你想要些肉吗？
May
I
ask
some
questions?
我可以问问题吗？
Could
I
have
some
apples?
我可以吃苹果吗？
Will
you
give
me
some
water?
你能给我些水吗？
2.
many/much
★
many
修饰或指代复数名词
There
are
many
eggs
in
the
basket.
Many
of
us
like
playing
games.
★
much
修饰或指代不可数名词
He
doesn’t
know
much
English.
3.another/other
★
another
泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个
I
don’t
want
this
coat.
Please
show
me
another.
★
other
后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的
Do
you
have
any
other
questions?
4.
the
other/others/the
others
★
the
other
1.
特指两个中的另一个
He
has
two
sons.
One
is
a
worker,
the
other
is
a
doctor.
2.
修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些
Tom
likes
swimming,
and
the
other
boys
in
his
class
like
swimming,
too.
★others泛指其他的人或物
He
often
helps
others.
Some
are
playing
basketball,
others
are
playing
football.
★the
others
特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物
There
are
fifty
students
in
our
class.
Twenty
of
them
are
girls,
the
others
are
boys.
5.few/a
few/little/a
little
★
few/a
few
修饰可数名词
little/a
little
修饰不可数名词
★
few,
little
表示否定意义,
译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”
a
few,
a
little
表示肯定意义,
译为“有几个”，“有一点”
There
are
few
people
living
here.
这里几乎没人住。
There
are
a
few
students
in
the
classroom.
教室里有一些学生。
I
know
little
English.
我不懂英语。
There
is
a
little
milk
in
the
bottle.
瓶子里有些牛奶。
★
few
和
little
与
quite
或
only
连用时，常加不定冠词
a
There
are
quite
a
few
new
books
in
the
library.
图书馆里颇有些新书。
6.every/each
★
every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of
连用
Every
child
likes
playing
games.
★
each
表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of
连用
Each
student
was
asked
to
try
again.
Each
of
them
has
a
nice
skirt.
7.all/none
★
all
“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前
We
are
all
from
Canada.
They
all
like
English.
★
none
“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）
None
of
us
is/are
afraid
of
dogs.
8.both/either/neither
★
both
“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数
My
parents
are
both
teachers.
=Both
of
my
parents
are
teachers.
★
neither
“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;
作定语时后跟名词单数
Neither
answer
is
right.
★
either
“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;
作定语时后跟名词单数
There
are
trees
on
either
side
of
the
street.
=
There
are
trees
on
both
sides
of
the
street.
★有关词组及应用
A.both
of/either
of/neither
of
Both
of
them
swim
well.
他们俩都游得很好。
Either
of
you
goes
to
Beijing.
你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。
Neither
of
them
stopped
to
have
a
rest.
他们俩谁都不停下来休息。
B.both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）
either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)
Both
Tom
and
Lucy
are
in
Grade
Two.
Tom
和
Lucy
都在二年级。
Either
my
father
or
my
mother
cooks
at
home.
或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。
Neither
he
nor
I
am
free
today.
我和他今天都没空。
9.Something/anything/nothing
Somebody/anybody/nobody
当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置
I
have
something
important
to
tell
you.
Is
there
anything
else
in
the
box?
Nobody
can
answer
the
question.
指示代词
Demonstrative
Pronouns
表示空间和时间远近关系的代词
包括:this/that
(单数)
these/those
(复数)
1.
this,these指在方位上较近的人或物
that,those指在方位上较远的人或物
This
is
my
shirt,
that’s
yours.
These
TVs
are
made
in
China,
those
are
made
in
Japan.
2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复
These
boxes
are
heavier
than
those
on
the
desk.
3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that
He
was
ill
yesterday.
I’m
sorry
to
hear
that.
疑问代词
Interrogative
Pronouns
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词
常见有：who
whom
whose
what
which
通常做主语宾语定语表语
What
makes
you
think
like
that
?
做主语
Who(Whom)
were
you
talking
with?
做宾语
Which
bus
do
I
need?
做定语
What’s
your
father?
做表语
注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，
但在介词后只能用Whom
With
whom
did
he
play
games?
With
who
did
he
play
games?(错)
2.
This
film
is
less
interesting
than
that
one
=This
film
isn't
as
interesting
as
that
one
=That
film
is
more
interesting
than
this
one.
改错
1
Don’t
worry.
There
is
little
time
left.
2
His
book
is
quite
different
from
me.
3
She
has
two
cats.
One
is
white,
another
is
black.
Don’t
worry.
There
is
a
little
time
left.
His
book
is
quite
different
from
mine
She
has
two
cats.
One
is
white,
the
other
is
black.
4
I
have
interesting
something
to
tell
you.
5
Please
give
me
it.
6
Every
of
us
wants
to
have
a
look
at
your
photo.
I
have
something
interesting
to
tell
you.
Please
give
it
to
me
Each
of
us
wants
to
have
a
look
at
your
photo.
7
He
sits
in
front
of
Jim
and
I.
8
I
like
to
receive
letters
but
I
do
not
like
write
it.
9
He
doesn’t
know
what
one
to
buy.
He
sits
in
front
of
Jim
and
me.
I
like
to
receive
letters
but
I
do
not
like
write
them.
He
doesn’t
know
which
one
to
buy.
(
)1
Is
this
your
football,
boys?
No,
it
is
not
____
A.
yours
B.
our
C.
mine
D.
ours
(
)2
The
bird
builds
____
nest
in
the
tree.
A.
her
B.
its
C.
it’s
D.
hers
(
)3
The
maths
problem
____
is
wrong.
A.
himself
B.
he
C.
itself
D.
herself
D
B
C
(
)4
____
want
to
see
the
film.
A
Every
student
B
Each
student
C
All
of
students
D
All
the
students
(
)5
A
lot
of
people
have
tried,
but
____
have
succeeded.
A.
the
few
B.
a
few
C.
few
D.
little
(
)
6
____
of
the
four
roads
will
take
you
to
the
hospital.
A.
Both
B.
Neither
C.
Any
D.
Either
D
C
C
(
)7
I
have
five
pencils,
one
is
red,
____
is
blue
and
___
are
green.
A.
another,
the
other
B.
the
other,
others
C.
others,
the
others
D.
another,
the
others
(
)
8
I
have
found
____
on
the
Internet.
A.
a
few
informations
B.
a
little
informations
C.
a
few
information
D.
a
little
information
D
D
(
)
9
I
have
Chemistry
classes
____
day,
Monday,
Wednesday
and
Friday.
A.
each
other
B.
every
other
C.
this
and
other
D.
all
other
(
)10
--
____
is
the
man
under
the
tree?
--
Jim’s
father.
A.
When
B.
What
C.
Where
D.
Who
B
D