2022届高考英语专题词汇与阅读训练（DAY 9）(含答案）

2022高考英语专题词汇与阅读训练（DAY
9）
一：专题词汇英译中
1.badminton
n．
2.endurance
n.
3.technique
n.
4.calorie
n.
5.diagnose
vt.
&
vi.
6.dizzy
adj.
7.muscle
n.
8.desperate
adj.
9.allergic
adj.
10.energize
vt.
二：专题词汇中译英
1.
vt.
&
vi.
慢跑
2.
n.
生活方式
3.
vt.&vi.
训练
4.
vt.&vi.
(使)精神振作；(使)精力恢复
5.
n.
力量；长处
vt.
加强
6.
n.
气息；呼吸
vi.
呼吸
adj.气喘吁吁的
7.
adj.
必需的；必要的
adv.
必然地；必要地
8.
vt.
损害；伤害
n.
伤害；受伤处
9.
adj.
轻微的；温和的；温柔的
adj.轻微地温和地
10.
v&n.
锻炼；练习
三：专题短语过关
1.
运动会
2.
加入排球队
3.
加入/在校队
4.
势均力敌的比赛
5.
对……有益
6.
打破纪录
7.
创造新的世界纪录
8.
纪录保持者
9.
进行锻炼
10.
解决；锻炼
11.
成为国家的骄傲
12.
有助于
13.
与……合作
14.
全力以赴
15.
状态好
16.
大获成功
17.
体育锻炼
18.
身体发育
19.
代表
20.
报名；与…签订合同
四：阅读专项训练
A
?What
do
you
usually
do
when
a
flying
insect
lands
on
your
arm?
Most
likely
you
blow
it
away.But
what
if
that
bug
were
a
ladybug
(瓢虫)?
Then
chances
are
you
would
let
it
stay.What
is
it
about
ladybugs
that
we
like?
Farmers
once
thought
ladybugs
were
a
good
luck
sign.A
ladybug
in
the
field
meant
that
the
crops
would
be
successful
and
the
weather
would
be
good.The
farmers
may
have
been
exaggerating
(夸大)
about
what
a
very
small
bug
can
do,but
in
fact
ladybugs
do
help
out
with
the
crops.They
eat
harmful
insects.
Actually,it
is
not
the
adult
ladybug
that
eats
the
other
insects.It’s
the
ladybug
larvae
(幼虫).Ladybugs
lay
their
eggs
on
leaves
that
are
covered
with
aphids
or
other
insects.When
the
larvae
come
out
of
the
eggs,they
are
very
hungry
and
will
eat
mites,aphids,mealybugs,green
flies,and
other
crop-destroyers.
A
single
ladybug
larva
can
eat
over
1,000
aphids
in
one
day.In
the
1800s,ladybugs
were
brought
all
the
way
from
Australia
to
California
and
set
free
among
orange
trees
that
were
dying
from
being
eaten
by
insects.The
little
red
and
black
“eating
machines”
completely
saved
all
the
trees.
Ladybugs
go
about
their
daily
business
without
worrying
much
about
anything.Very
few
birds
or
insects
will
eat
a
ladybug
because
it
gives
off
something
that
is
dangerous
to
eat.Ladybugs
also
protect
themselves
by
playing
dead.They
fall
off
leaves
and
remain
very
still
until
their
enemy
goes
away.
So
next
time
you
see
a
ladybug,think
about
what
it
may
be
up
to.Maybe
it
is
off
to
save
an
orange
tree.Maybe
its
next
move
will
be
to
fall
off
a
leaf
and
play
dead
or
stand
up
to
a
bird
about
100
times
its
size.Maybe
it’s
letting
you
know
that
the
weather
will
be
good
tomorrow.Who
knows?
Ladybugs
are
special
that
way.?
1.What
do
we
know
about
mites
and
aphids?
A.They
do
harm
to
the
crops.
B.They
eat
more
than
they
should.
C.They
are
food
for
adult
ladybugs.
D.They
are
the
enemy
of
ladybug
larvae.
2.Why
were
ladybugs
brought
from
Australia
to
California
in
the
1800s?
A.To
save
orange
trees.
B.To
do
research
on
them.
C.To
increase
their
number.
D.To
report
the
weather
for
farmers.
3.What
does
the
underlined
part
“stand
up
to”
in
the
last
paragraph
probably
mean?
A.Play
with.
B.Worry
about.
C.Get
along
with.
D.Fight
back
against.
B
The
Pharos,the
great
lighthouse
of
Alexandria,was
one
of
the
Seven
Wonders
of
the
Ancient
World.It
stood
on
the
island
of
Pharos,in
the
harbor
of
the
city
of
Alexandria.In
290
B.C,Ptolemy
I
Soter,the
ruler
of
Egypt,ordered
the
building
of
the
lighthouse.Twenty
years
later,it
was
finished
—
the
first
lighthouse
in
the
world
and
the
tallest
building
on
Earth,besides
the
Great
Pyramid
of
Egypt.
The
Pharos
was
designed
by
Sostrates,a
Greek
architect.Sostrates
wanted
to
leave
his
name
on
the
base
of
the
lighthouse.But
Ptolemy
refused,ordering
that
only
his
own
name
appear
on
the
building.But
Sostrates
found
a
way
to
do
that.At
the
base
of
the
Pharos,Sostrates
left
a
message
containing
his
own
name.Then
he
covered
it
with
plaster
(建筑石膏)
and
left
Ptolemy’s
name
over
it.After
many
years,the
plaster
disappeared
and
people
knew
the
true
architect
of
the
lighthouse.
In
1302
and
1323,two
strong
earthquakes
hit
Alexandria,damaging
the
lighthouse.In
1326,it
finally
fell
into
the
sea.Much
of
what
we
know
about
the
lighthouse
comes
from
the
writings
of
Arabs
who
once
visited
the
Pharos.
The
Pharos
was
about
384
feet
tall,the
same
height
as
a
modern
40-story
building.At
the
top
of
the
lighthouse
stood
a
large
statue
of
Poseidon,the
Greek
god
of
the
sea.Under
it
was
a
beacon,the
source
of
light
for
the
lighthouse.The
Pharos
used
two
kinds
of
beacons.At
night,a
large
fire
created
the
light.During
the
day,a
huge
mirror
made
use
of
the
sunlight
to
create
the
light.
It
was
said
that
the
mirror
was
also
used
to
set
enemy
ships
on
fire
as
they
entered
the
harbor
by
directing
the
sun’s
rays
(sunlight)
at
them.While
the
idea
is
interesting,it
is
also
clearly
impossible.
1.Why
did
Sostrates
use
plaster
at
the
base
of
the
Pharos?
A.To
follow
Ptolemy’s
orders.
B.To
hide
his
name
left
on
the
base.
C.To
protect
the
base
from
damage.
D.To
make
the
lighthouse
more
beautiful.
2.How
long
had
the
Pharos
stayed
standing?
A.For
about
800
years.
B.For
about
1,000
years.
C.For
about
1,600
years.
D.For
about
2,000
years.
3.What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
4
refer
to?
A.The
statue.
B.A
large
fire.
C.A
huge
mirror.
D.The
lighthouse.
二、七选五
Deciding
whether
or
not
to
take
part
in
an
extracurricular
(课外的)
activity
can
be
a
challenge.Before
signing
up
to
play
on
the
volleyball
team,first
consider
the
advantages
and
disadvantages
of
such
a
decision.
　1　
Students
are
successful
when
they
take
part
in
many
activities.They
do
well
in
their
classes
and
feel
more
connected
to
school.Research
shows
that
students
in
extracurricular
activities
have
better
attendance
and
grades.?
Extracurricular
activities
also
help
students
make
new
friends
and
lasting
relationships.　2　Even
though
we
became
friends
a
long
time
ago,we
are
still
close
today.?
While
these
activities
have
many
advantages,students
should
consider
the
downside
as
well.　3　
Extracurricular
activities
can
be
too
much
for
students
who
do
not
practice
good
time
management.Students
need
to
be
good
at
managing
their
time
between
different
activities.?
Another
downside
to
extracurricular
activities
involves
transportation.　4　
This
situation
limits
students’
extracurricular
choices
to
those
outside
the
school
and
closer
to
home.A
few
of
my
classmates
joined
the
school’s
cultural
club.They
later
discovered
that
it
met
after
school.These
students
dropped
out
of
the
club
because
they
had
to
catch
their
buses.?
Only
you
can
decide
if
extracurricular
activities
are
right
for
you.Activities
outside
the
school
can
help
you
succeed
in
many
areas
of
your
life.　5　
Are
you
up
for
a
challenge??
A.We
were
both
in
the
eight-and-under
age
group.
B.Some
clubs
or
sports
meet
before
or
after
school.
C.One
downside
is
that
it
can
create
a
busy
life
for
students.
D.Many
students
are
tired
from
all
the
things
they
have
to
do.
E.Taking
part
in
extracurricular
activities
has
many
advantages.
F.I
met
my
best
friend
when
we
were
on
the
YMCA
swim
team.
G.However,you
need
good
time
management
skills
to
deal
with
a
busy
life.
三、语法填空
The
jaguar
(美洲豹)
is
the
largest
cat
in
the
Americas.A
hundred
years
ago,jaguars
1.　　　　　
(find)
everywhere
from
the
southwestern
United
States
to
Argentina,in
South
America.Today,jaguars
are
an
endangered
species
throughout
their
2.　　　　　
(nature)
habitat
and
have
been
lost
from
50
percent
of
their
territory.Today
they
live
3.　　　　　
(most)
in
the
Amazon
rainforest.And
jaguars
aren’t
the
only
animals
losing
their
homes
—
according
4.　　　　　
the
International
Union
for
Conservation
of
Nature,habitat
loss
5.　　　　　
(be)
the
main
threat
to
about
85
percent
of
all
endangered
plant
and
animal
species.?
Tropical
rainforests
cover
only
about
7
percent
of
Earth’s
land,but
they’re
home
to
about
half
of
all
known
plant
and
animal
species.Most
6.　　　　　
(scientist)
agree
that
about
80,000
acres
(an
acre
is
equal
to
4,047
square
metres)
disappear
every
day
when
trees
are
cut
down
and
land
is
cleared
for
farms.Trees
also
play
7.　　　　　
important
role
in
climate
change.Fewer
forests
mean
that
more
greenhouse
gases
remain
8.　　　　　
(trap)
in
the
atmosphere,the
mixture
of
gases
that
surrounds
the
Earth.?
Grasslands,underwater
habitats,and
wetlands
are
also
at
risk.For
example,the
World
Wildlife
Fund
reports
that
about
half
of
the
world’s
wetlands
9.　　　　　
(disappear)
since
a
hundred
years
ago
as
a
result
of
being
drained
(排水)
for
either
farmland
10.　　　　　
other
industries.That
means
less
space
for
animals
to
feed
and
raise
their
young.?
参考答案
一：专题词汇英译中
1.羽毛球2.耐力3.技术；手法4.卡路里；热量5.诊断6.头晕目眩的7.肌肉
8.绝望的9.过敏的10.使精力充沛
二：专题词汇中译英
1.jog
2.lifestyle
3.train
4.refresh5.strength
strengthen
6.breath
breathe
breathless
7.necessary
necessarily
8.injure
injury
9.mild
mildly
10.exercise
三：专题短语过关
1.sports
meet/meeting
2.join
a
volleyball
team
3.be
on/in
the
school
team
4.a
close
game
5.be
beneficial
to
6.break
the
record
7.set
a
new
world
record
8.record
holder
9.take
exercise
10.work
out
11.become
the
pride
of
the
nation
12.contribute
to
13.cooperate
with
14.go
all
out
15.in
good
form
16.make
a
hit
17.physical
exercise
18.physical
development
19.stand
for
20.sign
up
四：阅读专项训练
A
1.A　由第三段中的“they
are
very
hungry
and
will
eat
mites,aphids,mealybugs,green
flies,and
other
crop-destroyers”可知,这些都是对庄稼有害的虫子。
2.A　由第四段中的“ladybugs
were
brought...set
free
among
orange
trees
that
were
dying
from
being
eaten
by
insects”可知,19世纪瓢虫被从澳大利亚引进到美国加利福尼亚州是为了挽救被害虫侵害的橘子树。
3.D　由倒数第二段中的“Very
few
birds
or
insects
will
eat
a
ladybug
because
it
gives
off
something
that
is
dangerous
to
eat.”可知,很少有鸟或昆虫吃瓢虫。再由画线部分后的“a
bird
about
100
times
its
size”可知,当遇见比它大的鸟时,瓢虫会释放某种物质从而对鸟造成威胁。故此处的stand
up
to有“回击,抵御”之意。
B
1.B　由第二段中的“Sostrates
left
a
message
containing
his
own
name.Then
he
covered
it
with
plaster
and
left
Ptolemy’s
name
over
it”可知,Sostrates是亚历山大灯塔的设计者,他在底座使用建筑石膏是为了隐藏他的名字。
2.C　由第一段中的“In
290
B.C,Ptolemy
I
Soter,the
ruler
of
Egypt,ordered
the
building
of
the
lighthouse.Twenty
years
later,it
was
finished”可知,亚历山大灯塔于公元前270年建成;再由第三段中的“In
1326,it
finally
fell
into
the
sea”可知,它大约存在了1600年。
3.A　联系前一句“At
the
top
of
the
lighthouse
stood
a
large
statue
of
Poseidon,the
Greek
god
of
the
sea.”可知,此处it指的是波塞冬雕像。
二、
1.E　本空为本段的主题句,本段主要阐述了参加课外活动的学生们在学习方面表现更突出,即参加课外活动的好处。
2.F　本空是对前一句的举例说明,且下一句中的we
became
friends与F项中的I
met
my
best
friend在语意上相关。
3.C　由本空前一句可知,本段开始阐述参加课外活动的弊端;而本空后面的内容是对本空的进一步解释说明,阐述的是其中一个弊端,即让学生们更繁忙。
4.B　B项内容与下一句形成因果关系,本空后面的This
situation指代B项内容。
5.G　本空前一句与G项内容形成转折关系,即课外活动虽有好处,但学生们需要恰当巧妙地安排时间,以应对繁忙的生活。
三、1.were
found　考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处所在句意为“一百多年前,从美国的西南部到阿根廷都能发现美洲豹的踪影”,故find与jaguars之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且由A
hundred
years
ago可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填were
found。
2.natural　考查形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰habitat,表示“自然的”,故填形容词natural。
3.mostly　考查副词。设空处做状语修饰谓语动词live,表示“主要地”,故填副词mostly。
4.to　考查介词。according
to
意为“按照,根据……所说”。
5.is　考查主谓一致。设空处所在句描述现在的情况,应用一般现在时,因为主语是habitat
loss,故填is。
6.scientists　考查名词复数。设空处做主语,表示“科学家”,因为scientist是可数名词,由Most及谓语动词agree可知,此处应填scientists。
7.an　考查不定冠词。设空处所在句意为“树木在影响气候变化方面起着重要作用”,故填an。play
an
important
role
in...“在……方面起重要作用”。
8.trapped　考查过去分词做表语的用法。设空处所在句意为“森林面积的减少意味着越来越多的温室气体停留在大气层里”,trap与greenhouse
gases之间是被动关系,故填过去分词trapped。
9.have
disappeared　考查现在完成时。由since
a
hundred
years
ago可知,此处应用现在完成时,因为主语是half
of
the
world’s
wetlands,故填have
disappeared。
10.or　考查连词。either...or...“或者……或者……”。