八年级上unit
1测试题
(满分150)
一、写出下列动词的过去式(5分)
1.
stay________
2.
study________
3.
stop________
4.
decide________
5.
write________
6.
feel________
7.keep_______
8.
find________
9.
come________
10.
speak________
二、单项选择(60分)
(
)1.
Where
______you
________yesterday?
A.
do,go
B.
did,go
C.
did,went
D.
was,go
(
)2.
The
boy
named
Mike
________.Let
me
go
and
wake
him
up.
A.
sleep
B.
sleeps
C.
is
sleeping
D.
to
sleep
(
)3.
There
________a
heavy
rain
last
night.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
was
D.
were
(
)4.
The
food
there
is
________.I’ll
take
you
there
next
time.
A.
wonderful
B.
terrible
C.
awful
D.
bad
(
)5.
I
need
________them
________these
clothes.
A.
to
help,to
sell
B.
help,sell
C.
to
help,selling
D.
help,selling
(
)6.
I
found
an
elephant
________across
the
river.
A.
walks
B.
walked
C.
to
walk
D.
walking
(
)7.
I
didn’t
really
enjoy
it,________the
shops
were
too
crowded.
A.
so
B.
bemuse
C.
but
D.
or
(
)8.
Mom
often
tells
me
________computer
games
too
much.
A.
not
play
B.
not
to
play
C.
not
playing
D.
a
play
(
)9.
My
teacher
made
me
________at
school
because
I
didn’t
finish
my
homework
yesterday.
A.
stay
B.
staying
C.
to
stay
D.
stayed
(
)10.
Yesterday
morning
I
saw
two
little
tigers
________at
the
gate
of
the
park.
A.
playing
B.
played
C.
plays
D.
to
play
(
)11.
How
about
________a
drink?
A.
have
B.
to
have
C.
had
D.
having
(
)12.
We
had
great
fun
________the
volleyball
match
between
the
Chinese
team
and
Japanese
team.
A.
watch
B.
watched
C.
watches
D.
watching
(
)13.
She
is
new
here,so
she
has
__________friends
at
school.
A,
much
B.
few
C,
little
D.
a
little
(
)14.
The
cakes
_________
good.
Can
I
have
some
more?
A.
sound
B.
taste
C.
feel
D.
smell
(
)15.
-Where
were
you
last
Saturday?
–I
_______in
the
Capital
Museum
A.
am
B.
will
be
C.
was
D.
have
been
(
)
16.一Help
______to
some
fruits.
–Thank
you.
A.
yourself
B.
your
C.you
(
)17一I
am
going
to
London
for
a
holiday
next
month.
-_________!
A.
Have
a
good
time
B.
It’s
terrible
C.
Good
job
D.
What
a
pity
(
)18.
You’d
better
not
read
today’s
newspaper
because
there
is
_____
in
it.
A.
nothing
special
B.
anything
new
C.
Everything
important
D.
Something
interesting
(
)19一What
do
you
think
of
the
3D
film
Titanic
last
night?
一It
was
__________
.
I
enjoyed
it
a
lot.
A.
boring
B.
wonderful
C.
strange
D.
terrible
(
)20一How
do
you
like
your
new
job,
Sam?
一It’
s
so
________.
I
don’t
like
it
at
all.
A.
boring
B.
bored
C.
exciting
D.
relaxing
(
)21.My
father
tries
___________vegetables
eleven
to
twelve
times
a
week
.
A.
eat
B.
to
eating
C.
to
eat
D.
ate
(
)22.We
are
going
to
Beijing.
Can
you
_______________when
the
train
will
leave
?
A.
look
for
B.
find
for
.
C.
find
out
.
D.
to
see
(
)23.
He
had
to
retire(退休)early
____________poor
health.
A,
as
a
result
B.
because
C.
so
D.because
of
(
)24.
What
bad
weather
it
was!
We
decided
______________.
A.
to
go
out
B.
not
to
go
out
C.
to
not
go
out
D.
not
going
ou-
(
)25一Do
you
know
the
final
of
men’s
singles
will
be
played
between
Wang
Liqin
and
Ma
Lin?
一Yes.
I
felt
___________when
I
heard
the
__________
news.
A.
exciting;
excited
B.
excited;exciting
B.
C.
exciting;
exciting
D.
excited;
excited
(
)26.一
_______________was
their
vacation?
一It
_____________great
A.
What;was
B.
How;was
C.
How;is
D.
What;is
(
)27一Where
did
you
go
on
vacation?
--_________.I
could
hear
birds
singing.
It
was
really
interesting.
A.
I
went
to
a
bookstore
B.
I
visited
the
museum
C.
I
learned
to
play
the
violin
D.
I
went
to
the
mountains
(
)28.
1
feel
tired
and
sleepy
.-Why
not
stop________
for
a
while?
A.
rest
B.
to
rest
C.
resting
D.
rested
(
)29.
Mrs
Brown
is
nice.
Every
day
she
tried
to
cook
_______for
me
during
my
stay
in
Canada.
A.
something
different
B.
different
anything
C.
nothing
different
D.
different
everything
(
)30.
If
you
go
to
visit
London,
don’t
forget
your
_________because
it
rains
a
lot
A.
passport
B.
money
C.
map
D.
umbrella
(
)31.
He
did
not
write
_________,though(尽管)he
had
_______________.
A.
careful
enough;
enough
time
B.
carefully
enough;enough
time
C.
enough
careful;enough
time
D.enough
carefully;
time
enough
(
)32.
Everyone
in
my
class
__________the
poor
boy
without
parents.
A.
want
to
help
B.
want
helping
C.
wnts
to
help
D.
wants
helping
(
)33.
At
first
she
__________
like
maths,but
now
she
______________.
A.
didn’t;did
B.
doesn’t;does
C.
doesn’t;did
D.
didn’t;does
(
)34.一
___________Nancy
at
home
last
weekend?
一No,she
___________.
She
was
in
the
library
with
her
friends.
A.
Is;
isn’t
B.
Was;wasn’t
C.
Did;didn’t
D.
Was;isn’t
(
)35.
-Did
you
visit
your
grandma
on
Friday
evening?
-No,
I___________to
a
wonderful
movie
with
my
mother.
A.
didn’t
go
B.
went
C.
go
D.
did
went
(
)36.
“You
went
to
the
beach
last
Sunday.
What
did
you
do
there?”
“____________”
A.
I
went
to
Tian’anmen
Square
B.
We
had
great
fun
playing
in
the
water
C.
We
visited
the
museum
D.
I
went
to
the
Central
Park
(
)37.
I
visited
many
places
including
last
Saturday.
When
I_______
at
the
hotel,it
was
very
late.
A,
got
B.reached
C.
arrived
D.
reach
for
(
)38.”Your
tea,
please.”
“There
must
be_________in
the
tea.
I
like
this
kind
of
tea
with
sugar.”
A.
nothing
sweet
B.
something
sweet
C,
sweet
something
D.
sweet
nothing
(
)391___________
money
for
a
taxi,so
I
walked
to
the
hotel.
A.
don’t
have
some
B.
didn’t
have
some
C.
don’t
have
any
D.
didn’t
have
any
(
)40-She
often
________
to
their
music
when
she
was
a
little
girl.
A.
listens
B.
hears
C.
heard
D.
listened
(
)41.
_____________
bad
weather
it
is!It’s
rainy
for
two
weeks.
A.
What
B.
What
a
C.
How
D.
How
a
(
)42.
-Who
teaches
_______
English?
-Nobody.I
learn
it
by
___________.
A.
your;myself
.
B.
you;me
C.
You;myself
(
)43.
_______the
afternoon
of
June
2nd,
many
foreigners
arrived
_____
Shanghai.
A.
In;at
B.
On;
to
C.
In;
in
D.
On;
in
(
)44一She
didn’t
come
to
school
yesterday,did
she?
-_______,
,though(虽然)she
was
not
feeling
very
well,
A.
No,she
didn’t
B.
Yes,she
didn’t
C.
No,she
did
D.
Yes,she
did
(
)45.
Hurry
up!
Our
friends__________
for
Us
now.
A.
wait
B.
are
waiting
C.
will
wait
D.
have
waited
(
)46.
-Jack,
is
there
____________
in
today’s
newspaper?
一No,nothing.
A.
anything
important
B.
Something
important
C.
important
anything
D.
Important
something
(
)47.
-Why
don’t
you
go
out
to
play,
Rose?
一I’m
afraid
I
can’t.
I
have
much
homework
__________.
A.
do
B.
does
C.
doing
D.
to
do
(
)48-Tom
isn’t
feeling
very
well.
一He
seems
to
have
a
cold
__________
the
weather
changes
suddenly.
A,
before
B.
so
C.
because
D.though
(
)49.
Some
word
puzzles
in
this
book
are
_________
difficult
that
________
students
can
solve
them.
A.
such;
few
B.such;little
C.
so;
few
D,
so;
little
(
)50.________
people
used
the
computer
thirty
years
ago,but
now
it’s
very
popular.
A.
Much
B.
Few
C.
A
little
D.
Little
(
)51.I
have
____________
homework
to
do
and
I’m
_______
tired
now.
A.
much
too;too
much
B.
Too
much;too
much
C.
Much
too;much
too
D.
Too
much;
much
too
(
)52.
When
did
the
train
________
the
city?
A.
get
B.
reach
C.
arrive
D.got
to
(
)53.I
_________
a
picnic
with
my
brother
yesterday.
It
was
very
great.
A.
have
B.
had
C.
wll
D.
am
having
(
)54
I
have
two
brothers.
One
is
a
teacher,
_________
is
a
doctor.
A.
another
B.
other
C.
others
D.
the
other
(
)55.Is
there
_________
in
today’s
newspaper?
A.
special
something
B.
special
anything.
C.
something
special
D.
anything
special
(
)56—Who
helped
Jessie
with
her
English?—_________,
she
taught
herself.
A.
Anybody
B.
Somebody
C.
Nobody
D.
Everybody
(
)57—
I
could
look
after
____
when
I
was
five.
—
Really?
I
can’t
believe
it.
A.
myself
B.
herself
C.
himself
D.
yourself
(
)58—
Can
I
use
your
e-dictionary?
—
Sorry.
I
don't
have
.
A.
it
B.
this
C.
that
D.
one
(
)59.Your
computer
doesn’t
work
now,
is
there
________
with
it?
A.
wrong
something
B.
something
wrong
C.
wrong
anything
D.
anything
wrong
(
)60-Do
you
have
enough
students
to
clean
the
room?
--No,
I
think
we
need____________
students.
A.
another
B.
two
others
C.
more
two
D.
two
more
三、用所给词的正确形式填空(15分)
1.
Lucy
usually__________to
school
early.
But
today
she
__________to
school
late.
(go)
2一What___________you__________(do)
on
your
vacation
last
year?
–We___________(play)
on
the
beach.
3.I__________
(call)
you
just
now.
But
there__________
(be)
no
answer.
4.
He
always
___________
(go)
for
a
walk
with
his`
wife,
but
he
_______
(go)
with
his
son
yesterday.
5一What
did
you
_________
(buy)
for
your
mother
as
a
birthday
gift?
–一I
_______(buy)
a
bag.
6.
He
_________(be)short
in
the
past.
But
now
he
_______(be)
very
tall.
7.1
had
a
big
meal.
Everything
_________(taste)
delicious.
8.There
are
many____________(different)
between
you
and
your
twin
brother
9.There
are
many
outdoor
____________(activity)in
spring.
10.Drivers
must
_____________
(wait)their
turns
when
the
traffic
light
is
red.
11.He
___________(take)many
photos
in
Beijing
last
year
.
12.Kung
Fu
Panda
II
is
a
fantastic
film
and
I
want
to
see
it.
But
I
can’t
decide
when
(go).
13.I
tried
_______(study)
hard
last
term
and
at
last
I
____(get)
the
first
prize.
14.Her
father
seemed_________(be)
hungry.
15.I
feel
like
________(eat)
some
icecream.
16.The
work
is
difficult
enough
for
me
_________(finish)
17.It
was
my
first
time
_________(visit)
the
Palace
Museum.
18.I
had
nothing
to
do
but
________(read).
19.
He
ate
nothing
but
__________(drink)
some
coffee.
20.They
went
to
summer
camp.
Everything
______(be)
excellent.
21.Something
______(be)
wrong
with
my
radio.What
shall
I
do?
22.I
stayed
at
home
most
of
the
time
_________(do)
my
homework.
23.My
family
____________(watch)
TV
now.
24.When
the
teacher
came
into
the
classroom,the
students
________(read)
English.
25.Don’t
forget
________(tell)
me
about
your
trip.
26.Quite
a
few
________(Malaysia)
come
to
China
every
year.
四、根据要求变换句型(10分)
1.-There
were
many
students
in
the
library
last
week.
(改为一般疑问句)
________
_______
many
students
in
the
library
l
ast
week?
2.
They
stopped
working
at
7:00
yesterday.(改为否定句)
They
_________
___________working
at
7:00
yesterday.
3.The
students
played
basketball
last
Friday
(对画线部分提问)
What
________
the
students
________
last
Friday?
4.I
went
somewhere
interesting.
(改为一般疑问句)
you
_______
_______
interesting?
5.She
didn’t
buy
anything
for
her
father.
(同义句)
She
_______
________
for
her
father.
6.
They
got
to
Chongqing
this
morning.
(同义句)
They
_______
______
Chongqing
this
morning.
7.我妈妈和我决定去坐火车。
My
mother
and
I
_________
_________
_________
a
train.
8.上周一,天气又热又潮。
The
weather
_________
_________
_________
_________
last
Monday
.
9.这个城市从山顶上看很棒。
The
city
_________
_________
from
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________.
10.一小时后,我们停下来喝了些茶。
One
_________
_________
,
we
_________
and
_________
some
tea.
五、完形填空。(19分)
A
birthday
party
Mrs.
Green
‘s
birthday
was
on
April
11,
She
celebrated
it
every
year
and
had
a
little
birthday
party
with
her
friends
.
This
year
they
____1____
to
a
new
city
.
Mrs.
Green
wanted
to
hold
a
big
party
for
her
birthday
.
She
wanted
to
invite
some
_____2___friends
.She
was
beginning
to
write
the
invitation
when
Mr
.
Green
saw
that
she
was
___3____”Party
:
6:30to
8:30”,
“That’s
not
very
nice
.
“
he
said
.
“You
are
___4______our
guests
that
they
must
go
home
at
8:30.”So
Mrs
Green
___5____for
a
few
minutes
and
just
wrote
“Party
:6:30pm.”
That
day
a
lot
of
guests
came
to
the
party
,
and
they
took
some
presents
to
Mrs
.Green
.The
party
was
very
excited
.
They
sang
and
danced
.
and
they
drank
and
laughed
.
They
all
had
a
good
time
.
They____6____go
home
at
8:30.
In
fact
,
they
were
still
there
at
midnight
when
a
policeman
____7__,He
said
,”You
must
stop
making
noise
,
because
someone
has___8___.”.
So
everybody
had
to
go
home
.
Mrs
.
Green
was
____9____.
She
asked
Mr.
Green
,”Who
complained(抱怨)
about
the
noise
?’
“
I
did
,
“
Mr.
Green
answered
in
a
___10_____voice
(声音).
(
)1.
A.
moved
B.
came
C.went
D.
arrived
(
)2.
A.old
B.
strange
C.
new
D.good
(
)3.A.reading
B.writing
C.saying
D.telling
(
)4.A.saying
B.telling
C.talking
D.speaking
(
)5.A.went
B.thought
C.turned
D.took
(
)6.A.didn’t
B.wasn’t
C.doesn’t
D.isn’t
(
)7.A.reached
B.arrived
C.got
D.arrived
in
(
)8A.
.complained
B.said
C.answered
D.asked
(
)9.A.happy
B.surprised
C.afraid
D.excited
(
)10.A.excited
B.sad
C.tired
D.angry
六、阅读理解(25分)
(A)
Peter’s
uncle
lives
in
the
country.
He
is
a
man
full
of
humor
(幽默).
One
day,
Peter
went
to
see
his
uncle.
His
uncle
drove
his
car
to
the
station
to
meet
him.
On
their
way
home,
they
saw
many
people.
His
uncle
waved
(挥手)
to
everybody.
Peter
was
surprised
and
said,“Uncle,you
wave
to
everybody.
Do
you
know
all
of
them?”
“No,Peter,”
answered
his
uncle.
“When
I
wave
to
someone
who
knows
me,
he’ll
feel
happy.
When
I
wave
to
someone
and
he
doesn’t
know
me,
he
will
feel
surprised
and
then
he
will
have
something
to
think
about,he
will
make
his
road
seem
shorter
.
So
I
can
make
everybody
happy.”
(
)1.
Peter’s
uncle
lives________.
A.
in
the
city
B.
at
the
station
C.
in
a
town
D.
in
the
country
(
)2.
Peter’s
uncle
is________.
A.
a
strange
man
B.
a
kind
man
C.
a
humor6us
(幽默的)
man
D.
a
happy
man
(
)3.
Peter
and
his
uncle
went
home________.
A.
by
car
B.
on
foot
C.
by
hike
D.
by
train
(
)4.
Peter’s
uncle
________there.
A.
doesn’t
know
anybody
B.
knows
some
of
those
people
C.
knows
everybody
D.
doesn’t
know
those
people
(
)5.
Peter’s
uncle
wanted
to________.
A.
make
everybody
happy
B.
make
everybody
unhappy
C.
make
someone
happy
D.
make
someone
unhappy
(B)
Jane
was
not
a
good
student.
Her
head
was
in
the
clouds(处于幻想之中)
most
of
the
time.
She
wanted
to
listen
in
class,
but
other
things
seemed
more
important:
her
clothes,
her
hairstyle,
new
movies
and
soap
operas.
Many
times
she
tried
to
work
hard
at
her
lessons,
but
soon
she
gave
up(放弃).
One
day,
her
math
teacher
gave
the
class
an
important
lesson
and
told
her
students
that
there
would
be
a
test
next
week.
She
helped
them
review(复习)
all
the
week.
Jane
seemed
to
listen
in
class,
but
her
mind
went
away
again.
The
day
of
the
test
arrived.
Jane
couldn’t
answer
many
of
the
questions
in
the
exam.
Mike,
a
very
hard-working
student,
sat
in
front
of
Jane.
So
Jane
decided
to
copy(照抄)
his.
Mike
was
very
angry
when
he
found
Jane
was
copying
his
answers.
He
changed(改变)
all
his
answers
into
wrong
ones.
Before
the
bell
rang,
Mike
quickly
changed
his
answers
back
into
right
ones.
After
the
test,
Mike
turned
to
Jane
and
said,
“All
the
answers
you
copied
from
my
paper
are
wrong.”
1.
Jane
thought
less
about________
than
other
things.
A.
her
clothes
B.
her
study
C.
films
and
television
D.
her
hairstyle
2.
Jane
couldn’t
answer
many
of
the
questions
on
the
exam
because
_______.
A.
her
mind
was
not
in
the
study
most
of
the
time
B.
she
was
not
clever.
C.
she
always
slept
in
class.
D.
she
didn’t
know
how
to
study
3.
Mike
was
angry
when
he
________.
A.
was
changing
all
his
answers
B.
failed
the
math
test
C.
found
Jane
was
copying
his
answers.
D.
found
Jane
copying
the
wrong
answers
4.
Which
of
the
following
is
right?
A.
Jane
copied
the
wrong
answers.
B.
Mike
couldn’t
answer
the
questions
C.
Jane
sat
before
Mike.
D.
Jane
tried
her
best
in
the
exam.
C
Mike
and
Dick
work
in
the
same
office.They
don’t
like
the
cold
weather.And
one
day
they
decided
to
take
their
holiday
in
Australia.Their
plane
arrived
in
Sydney
at
nine
in
the
morning
they
rented
a
car
in
the
city
and
began
their
travel.A
few
hours
later
the
sun
was
shining
in
the
sky
and
there
were
no
shade
trees
beside
the
road.It
was
so
hot
that
they
could
hardly
go
on
driving.They
had
to
stop
to
look
around.Mike
found
a
river
was
about
half
a
kilometer
away
from
them.They
were
both
very
happy
and
drove
the
car
quickly.Soon
they
got
to
the
river.Before
they
jumped
into
the
water,Dick
saw
a
boy
playing
under
a
big
tree.He
asked,“Are
there
any
sharks
(鲨鱼)in
the
river,boy?”
“No.there
aren’t.”answered
the
boy.
So
they
began
to
swim
in
the
river.After
a
while,Dick
felt
something
hit
against
his
leg.He
told
Mike
about
it.They
were
afraid
and
stopped
swimming.Dick
asked
loudly,“Is
it
true
that
there
aren’t
any
sharks
in
the
river?”
“Yes.sir,”said
the
boy,“There’re
a
lot
of
crocodiles(鳄鱼)
in
the
water.All
the
sharks
have
swum
away!”
(
)1.Mike
and
Dick
went
to
Australia
__________.
A.by
air
B.by
car
C.by
train
D.by
motorbike
(
)2.The
two
young
men
went
to
Australia
to
__________.
A.swim
in
the
river
B.study
to
drive
C.make
a
travel
D.find
some
work
(
)3.Mike
and
Dick
couldn’t
drive
any
longer
because
__________.
A.the
sun
was
shining
in
the
sky
B.there
were
no
shade
trees
beside
the
road
C.the
weather.was
very
hot
D.they
were
too
tired
(
)4.Dick
became
afraid
because
__________.
A.he
saw
a
shark
in
the
water
B.he
thought
that
maybe
a
shark
had
hit
against
his
leg
C.he
saw
the
boy
laughing
at
them
under
the
big
tree
D.he
had
been
told
there
were
some
sharks
in
the
river
(
)5.Having
heard
the
boy,We
can
guess
the
two
young
men
must
__________.
A.catch
the
crocodiles
in
the
water
B.look
for
the
crocodiles
there
C.run
to
beat
the
Australian
boy
D.come
out
of
the
river
at
once
D
One
day
an
old
man
was
selling
a
big
elephant.A
young
man
came
to
the
elephant
and
began
to
look
at
it
slowly
and
carefully.The
old
man
went
to
him
and
said,“Don’t
say
anything
about
the
elephant
before
I
sell
it,and
then
I’ll
give
you
some
meat.”“All
right,”said
the
young
man.After
the
old
man
sold
the
elephant,he
gave
the
young
man
some
meat
and
said,“Now,can
you
tell
me
how
you
see
the
bad
ears
of
the
elephant??”“I
didn’t
find
the
bad
ears,”said
the
young
man.“Then
why
did
you
look
at
the
elephant
slowly
and
carefully?”asked
the
old
man.The
young
man
answered,“Because
I’ve
never
seen
an
elephant
before,and
I
want
to
know
what
it
looks
like.”
1.What
was
the
old
man
doing?
??________________________________________________________________________
2.What
was
the
matter
with
the
elephant?
??________________________________________________________________________
3.Why
did
the
young
man
look
at
the
elephant
slowly
and
carefully?
??________________________________________________________________________
4.What
did
the
old
man
give
to
the
young
man?
??________________________________________________________________________
5.What
did
the
old
man
ask
the
young
man
not
to
do?
________________________________________________________________________
七、短文填空。(每空一词,每空2分,共16分)
根据下列短文内容,在短文后的空格处填上一个恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。每空一词,含缩略词。
Li
Xiang,
a
junior
2
student,
wishes
he
never
got
a
mobile
phone(手机).
Last
week,
he
went
to
see
a
doctor
because
there
was
something
wrong
1
his
arms
and
fingers.
The
doctor
told
him
that
he
had
“mobile
phone
disease(疾病)”.
Now,
more
and
more
teenagers
are
getting
“mobile
phone
disease”
__
2__of
using
mobile
phones.
Li
Xiang
got
his
mobile
phone
six
months
__3__.
He
sent
messages
to
his
friends
with
it
all
the
time,
even
when
going
to
bed.
Li
Xiang
started
to
do
badly
in
exams
because
he
spent
too
much
time
__4__
mobile
phone
games.
His
mom
felt
very
__5__
about
him,
but
he
didn’t
stop
playing
with
the
mobile
phone
until
his
arms
got
injured(受伤).
Yang
Ling,
a
doctor,
says
that
if
someone
plays
his
mobile
phone
too
__6__,
like
Li
Xiang,
he
will
get
“mobile
phone
disease”.
If
teenagers
find
their
arms
or
fingers
hurt
(疼痛),
they
should
go
to
see
a
doctor
at
once.
Yang
says
teenagers
should
7
to
use
their
mobile
phones
less,
especially
at
school.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
八、书面表达(15分)
假如你叫Li
Lin,用本单元所学的词汇向你的朋友Anna介绍你假期的情况。
Dear
Anna,
Thanks
for
your
letter…_______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_