2022届高考英语二轮复习：语法精讲精练微专题动词时态语态学案（含答案）

2022届高考英语语法精讲精练微专题动词时态语态二教师版
考点清单五、一般过去时
要点精讲1：一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语，如yesterday,
last
week,
in
1980等。
例1：Tom
didn't
come
to
class
yesterday.
例2：Oh,
John.
I
never
thought
I
met
you
here.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.
The
book
has
been
translated
into
thirty
languages
since
it
_____________
(come)
on
the
market
in
1973.
2.
(2013·安徽)
I’m
calling
about
the
apartment
you
_____________
(advertise)
the
other
day.
Could
you
tell
me
more
about
it?
3.
(2013·福建)
The
famous
musician,
as
well
as
his
students,
_____________(invite)
to
perform
at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo.
4.
(2017·
江苏)
The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
_____________
(be)
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens’
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
【答案与解析】
1.
came。从句有明显时间状语in
1973，应用一般过去时。故答案是came。
2.
advertised。从句有明显时间状语the
other
day，应用一般过去时。故答案是advertised。
3.
was
invited。句子有明显时间状语at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo，应用一般过去时。故答案是was
invited。
4.
was。结合语境这里描述过去的行为，应用一般过去时。故答案是was。
要点精讲2：一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often，usually，seldom等频度副词连用。
例3：When
I
was
in
the
countryside,
I
often
called
on
my
old
friends
there.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
5.
(2015﹒湖南)
I
had
a
strong
desire
to
reach
in
and
play
with
the
toy,
but
_____________
(hold)
back
thankfully
by
the
shop
window.
6.
The
three
of
us
_____________
(travel)
around
Europe
for
about
a
month
last
summer.
【答案与解析】
5.
was
held。hold
back表示“阻止，隐瞒”，结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是was
held。
6.
travelled。本句是易错题，句子虽然有时间状语for
about
a
month，但结合语境这里表示过去某段时间一直发生的事情。故答案是travelled。
要点精讲3：一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与现在事实相反的情况，如I
wish….,
If
only….,
I
would
rather
that….,
It
is
time
that….
及if虚拟条件句等。
例4：I
would
rather
you
came
tomorrow.
例5：It
is
high
time
that
we
had
our
lunch.
例6：I
wish
I
were
a
bird,
flying
freely
in
the
sky.
例7：If
only
I
knew
how
to
operate
an
electronic
computer
as
you
do.
例8：If
I
were
you,
I
would
try
my
best
to
grasp
the
chance.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
7.
Sorry,
I’m
too
busy
now.
If
I
_____________
(have)
time,
I
would
certainly
go
for
an
outing
with
you.
8.
How
I
wish
every
family
_____________
(have)
a
large
house
with
a
beautiful
garden!
9.
When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water,
it
look
as
if
it
_____________
(break).
10.
Jack
is
a
great
talker.
It’s
high
time
that
he
_____________(do)
something
instead
of
just
talking.
【答案与解析】
7.
had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。故答案是had。
8.
had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反，故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。
9.
were
broken。it
look
as
if…表示“看起来好像……”，从句与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是were
broken。
10.
did/should
do。It
is
high/about
time
that..后面常用did或should
do,
should不能省，意为“早该……”。故答案是did/should
do。
考点清单六、过去进行时
要点精讲1：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常有明确的时间状语暗示，如at
7:00
last
night等。
例9：I
was
doing
my
homework
at
this
time
yesterday.
例10：She
was
playing
the
piano
while
I
was
reading
the
newspaper.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
11.
Her
mother
_____________
(cook)
in
the
kitchen
at
this
time
yesterday.
【答案与解析】
11.
was
cooking。时间状语at
this
time
yesterday表明过去某时正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故答案是was
cooking。
要点精讲2：过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。
例11：We
were
talking
about
you
the
whole
morning.
例12：He
was
watching
TV
at
home
from
3:00
to
5:00
yesterday
afternoon.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
12.
We
went
to
the
reading-room
to
do
some
reading,
only
to
be
told
that
it
_____________
(decorate).
13.
(2014﹒四川)
She
_____________
(phone)
someone,
so
I
nodded
to
her
and
went
away.
【答案与解析】
12.
was
being
decorated。结合语境表示该段时间内一直进行的动作---装修图书馆。故答案是was
being
decorated。
13.
was
phoning。结合语境“她正在给别人打电话，我对她点头走开了。”故答案是was
phoning。
要点精讲3：go,
come
,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。
例13：She
said
she
was
leaving
for
New
York
the
next
month.
要点精讲4：过去进行时用于as,
when,
while等状语从句，表示另一动作发生的背景。
例14：It
was
snowing
as
the
medical
team
made
its
way
to
the
front.
例15：Tom
slipped
into
the
house
when
no
one
was
looking.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
14.
Jim
_____________
(watch)
a
late
night
film
at
home
when,
right
in
the
middle
of
a
thrilling
scene,
the
television
went
blank.
15.
I
_____________(clean)
the
streets
in
our
neighborhood
this
time
yesterday
when
you
called
me.
【答案与解析】
14.
was
watching。结合语境这是was
doing…when…句式。故答案是was
watching。
15.
was
cleaning。结合语境这是was
doing…when…句式。故答案是was
cleaning。
要点精讲5：always,
forever,
continually,
constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感彩。
例16：The
girl
was
always
changing
her
mind.
例17：In
the
past
he
was
constantly
asking
me
for
money.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
16.
During
the
period
of
recent
terrorist
activities,
people
_____________(always
warn)
not
to
touch
any
unattended
bag.
17.
(2015﹒湖南)
He
must
have
sensed
that
I
_____________
(look)
at
him.
He
suddenly
glanced
at
me
and
said
quietly,
"Why
are
you
staring
at
me
like
that?"
18.
(2016·北京)
Jack
_____________
(work)
in
the
lab
when
the
power
cut
occurred.
【答案与解析】
16.
were
always
being
warned。always与过去进行时连用，表示过去某段时间内一直进行的动作（被频繁提醒）；又是被动含义。故答案是were
always
being
warned。
17.
was
looking。结合语境判断这里表示当时在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。故答案是was
looking。
18.
was
working。这是was
doing…when…句式。是故答案是was
working。
考点清单七、过去完成时
要点精讲1：过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by,
by
the
end
of,
be
the
time…引导的时间状语或以before,
until,
when,
than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。概括为：过去的过去。
例18：By
5:00
yesterday
morning
we
had
done
that
work.
例19：I
had
learnt
5000
words
before
I
entered
the
university.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
19.
(2014·山东)
Writing
out
all
the
invitations
by
hand
was
more
time-consuming
than
we
_____________
(expect).
20.
(2015·安徽)Just
as
I
got
to
the
school
gate,
I
realized
I
_____________
(leave)
my
bank
in
the
cafe.
21.
(2016·浙江)
Silk____________(become)
one
of
the
primary
goods
traded
along
the
Silk
Road
by
about
100
BC.
22.
(2017·北京卷)
In
the
1950s
in
the
USA,
most
families
had
just
one
phone
at
home,
and
wireless
phones
__________
(not
invent)
yet.
【答案与解析】
19.
had
expected。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had
expected。
20.
had
left。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。故答案是had
left。
21.
had
become。by
about
100
BC是解答本题关键，应用过去完成时。故答案是had
become。
22.
hadn’t
been
invented。结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”；又是被动含义。故答案是hadn’t
been
invented。
要点精讲2：intend,
mean,
hope,
want,
plan,
suppose,
expect,
think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
例20：They
had
wanted
to
help
but
couldn't
get
here
in
time.
例21：I
had
intended
to
call
on
you,
but
was
prevented
from
doing
so.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
23.
I
_____________(plan)
to
help
you
but
couldn’t
get
here
in
time.
【答案与解析】
23.
had
planned。intend,
mean,
hope,
want,
plan,
suppose,
expect,
think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是had
planned。
要点精讲3：在
It
was
the
first/second/third…time
that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
例22：This
was
the
first
time
they
had
met
in
thirty-nine
years.
例23：It
was
the
fourth
time
she
had
shopped
online
for
hours.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
24.
There
was
a
knock
on
the
door.
It
was
the
second
time
someone
_____________(interrupt)
me
that
evening.
25.
That
was
the
first
time
she
_____________
(leave)
alone
at
home
during
the
weekends,
bored
to
death.
【答案与解析】
24.
had
interrupted。在
It
was
the
first/second/third…time
that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had
interrupted。
25.
had
left。在
It/That
was
the
first/second/third…time
that…句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。故答案是had
left。
要点精讲3：在hardly/scarcely
…
when…和no
sooner…
than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。
例24：She
hardly
had
gone
to
bed
when
the
bell
rang.
例25：No
sooner
had
they
left
the
building
than
a
bomb
exploded.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
26.
She
________
no
sooner
_________(get)
to
the
office
than
she
got
down
to
writing
the
report.
27.
Hardly
had
I
arrived
home
when
the
telephone
_____________
(ring).
【答案与解析】
26.
had;
got。在hardly/scarcely
…
when…和no
sooner…
than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。故答案是had;
got。
27.
rang。在hardly/scarcely
…
when…和no
sooner…
than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句仍用一般过去时。故答案是rang。
要点精讲4：过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与过去事实相反的情况，如I
wish….,
If
only….,
I
would
rather
that….及if虚拟条件句等。
例26：I
wish
that
I
had
seen
her
yesterday.
例27：I
felt
as
though
we
had
known
each
other
for
years.
例28：If
only
I
had
known
her
earlier!
例29：I
would
rather
I
hadn't
seen
that
film
yesterday.
例30：If
it
had
not
rained
this
morning,
I
should
have
gone
shopping.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
28.
(2018·天津)
If
we
_____________
(catch)
the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach.
29.
How
I
wish
I
_____________(buy)
that
skirt
when
it
was
available!
Ugh!
I
regret
it
every
time.
30.
(2015·北京)—Did
you
have
difficulty
finding
Ann'
house?
—Not
really.
She
_____________
(give)
us
clear
directions
and
we
were
able
to
find
it
easily.
【答案与解析】
28.
had
caught。这时if虚拟条件句，从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had
caught。
29.
had
bought。I
wish
that….从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是had
bought。
30.
had
given。结合语境“给我们清楚指导”发生在前，应用过去完成时。故答案是had
given。
考点清单八、过去将来时
要点精讲1：一般过去将来时是由“should/would
+
动词原形”构成，表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。
例31：He
said
they
would
arrange
a
party.
例32：He
asked
me
yesterday
when
I
should
leave
for
Paris.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
31.
Did
you
predict
that
many
students
_____________
(sign)
up
for
the
dance
competition?
【答案与解析】
31.
would
sign。Did
you
predict是解答本题的关键，暗示应用过去将来时。故答案是would
sign。
要点精讲2：用于was/were
about
to
do…when…句型，表示：正要……这时发生另一件事。was/were
to
do
也可以用于过去将来时。
例33：I
was
about
to
start
when
it
suddenly
began
to
rain.
32.
He
was
about
to
go
to
bed
________
there
was
a
knock
on
the
door.
33.
When
he
_____________
(open)
the
door,
he
found
his
keys
were
nowhere.
34.
(2015·陕西)At
college,
Barack
Obama
didn’t
know
that
he
_____________
(become)
the
first
black
president
of
the
United
States
of
America.
was
to
become
【答案与解析】
32.
when。这是was/were
about
to
do
sth.
when...句型。故答案是when。
33.
was
to
open。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要开门”。故答案是was
to
open。
34.
was
to
become。结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要成为美国第一位黑人总统”。故答案是was
to
become。
要点精讲3：过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型，表示与将来事实相反的情况，如I
wish….,
If
only….,
I
would
rather
that….及if虚拟条件句等。
例34：I
wish
he
would
go
with
me
to
the
cinema
tonight.
例35：If
I
had
a
chance
to
study
abroad,
I
would
study
at
Cambridge
University.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
35.
If
he
had
spent
more
time
practising
speaking
English
before,
he
________(be)
able
to
speak
it
much
better
now.
【答案与解析】
35.
would
be。本句是虚拟语气含蓄条件句，now说明主句与现在事实相反，应用would
do。故答案是would
be。
好题再练（一）高考真题
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.
(2021·全国甲卷)The
Xi'an
City
Wall
is
the
most
complete
city
wall
that
has
survived
China's
long
history.
It
__________
(build)
originally
to
protect
the
city
in
the
Tang
dynasty
and
has
now
been
completely
restored
(修复).
2.
(2021·全国甲卷)
We
__________
(hire)
our
bikes
from
the
rental
place
at
the
South
Gate.
My
bike
was
old
and
shaky
but
did
the
job.
3.
(2021·新高考全国卷)
What
comes
next
is
the
endless
series
of
steps.
You
can’t
help
wondering
how
hard
it
__________
(be)
for
the
people
then
to
put
all
those
rocks
into
place.
4.
(2020·全国I卷)
The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe
(探测器)—the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
__________
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
5.
(2020·新课标I卷)
“This
really
excites
scientists,”
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
“because
it
__________
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
__________
(construct)
.”
6.
(2020·全国III卷)
The
artist
was
sure
he
would
__________
(choose),
but
when
he
presented
his
masterpiece
to
the
emperor’s
chief
minister,
the
old
man
laughed.
7.
(2020·山东卷)
The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
________(form)
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
which
opened
in
1759.
8.
(2020·浙江卷)
By
about
6000
BC,
people
_________
(discover)the
best
crops
to
grow
and
animals
to
raise.
9.
(2020·江苏卷)
Instead
of
getting
down
to
a
new
task
as
I
__________(expect),
he
examined
the
previous
work
again.
10.
(2019·全国II卷)
Picking
up
her
“Lifetime
Achievement”
award,
proud
Irene
_______
(declare)
she
had
no
plans
to
retire
from
her
36-year-old
business.
【答案】
1.
was
built
2.
hired
3.
was
4.
touched
5.
means;
is
constructed
6.
be
chosen
7.
formed
8.
had
discovered
9.
had
expected
10.
declared
好题再练（二）高考真题
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
11.
(2019·全国III卷)
Our
hosts
shared
many
of
their
experiences
and
____________
(recommend)
wonderful
places
to
eat,
shop,
and
visit.
For
breakfast,
we
were
able
to
eat
papaya
(木瓜)
and
other
fruits
from
their
trees
in
the
backyard.
12.
(2019·天津卷)
I
_________(hope)
to
send
Peter
a
gift
to
congratulate
him
on
his
marriage，but
I
couldn't
manage
it.
13.
(2019·江苏卷)
A
few
months
after
he
had
arrived
in
China,
Mr.
Smith
___________(fall)
in
love
with
the
people
and
culture
there.
14.
(2018北京卷)
They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
___________(drive)
a
few
more
kilometers.
15.
(2018·江苏卷)
I?was?sent?to?the?village?last?month?to?see?how?the?development?plan?__________(carry)
out
in?the?past
two
years.
16.
(2018·北京卷)
Susan
had
quit
her
well-paid
job
and
_________(work)
as
a
volunteer
in
the
neighborhood
when
I
visited
her
last
year.
17.
(2017北京卷)
If
the
new
safety
system
______________(put)
to
use,
the
accident
would
never
have
happened.
18.
(2018·北京卷)
A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
_________(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
19.
(2017·天津卷)
I
________(drive)
down
to
London
when
I
suddenly
found
that
I
was
on
the
wrong
road.
20.
(2017·江苏卷)
He
hurried
home,
never
once
looking
back
to
see
if
he
___________(follow).
【答案】
11.
recommended
12.
had
hoped
13.
fell
14.
had
driven
15.
had
been
carried
16.
was
working
17.
had
been
put
18.
had
been
trapped
19.
was
driving
20.
was
being
followed
好题再练（三）单句改错
【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21.
By
the
time
Jack
returned
home
from
England,
his
son
has
graduated
from
college.
22.
He
was
unhappy
when
he
sold
his
guitar.
After
all,
he
had
it
for
a
very
long
time.
23.
The
diamond
mine
discovered
by
a
little
boy
when
he
was
playing
hide-and-seek.
24.
On
Monday
mornings
it
usually
took
me
an
hour
to
drive
to
work
although
the
actual
distance
is
only
20
miles.
25.
We
won't
start
the
work
until
all
the
preparations
have
made.
26.
Sofia
looked
around
at
all
the
faces:
she
had
the
impression
that
she
has
seen
most
of
the
guests
before.
27.
I
found
the
lecture
hard
to
follow
because
it
started
when
I
arrived.
28.
Excuse
me.
I
don’t
realize
that
I?was
blocking
your
way.
29.
Actually,
I
start
to
learn
kung
fu
when
I
was
seven
years
old,
but
I
have
long
been
out
of
practice.
30.
During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
the
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
I
find
a
big
change
there.
【答案】
21.
has改为had
22.
had前加had
23.
discovered前加was
24.
took改为takes
25.
have后加been
26.
has改为had
27.
started前加had
28.
don’t改为didn’t
29.
start改为started
30.
find改为found