语法：省略
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(共37张PPT)
为了避免重复，句子中某些部分可以省略。
省略
Read the following sentences and find out what have been left out.
Exercise
1.Like more beer
___________like more beer
2.Haven’t seen you for ages.
___________haven’t seen you for ages.
3.Sounds like a good idea.
_____________sounds like a good idea.
4.Sorry I couldn't go.
_____________sorry I couldn't go.
5.Doesn’t matter.
____________doesn’t matter.
Would you
I
It
I’m
It
6.If he says he'll come, he will .
If he says he'll come, he will_______.
7.Going to the supermarket
________ going to the supermarket
8.Pity you couldn’t come.
________pity you couldn’t come.
9.Sounds good.
________sounds good
10.Everybody appears well prepared.
Everybody appears____________ well prepared.
come
It’s
Are you
It
to be
1. Generally speaking, ________according to directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
B
when the drug is taken
2. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
C
his parents are lacking money.
3. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing it
B
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A . not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not to
A
5.What would have happened ________, as far as the river bank
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
C
6.--- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend
--- ________.
A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not
D
7. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________.
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
C
8. --- Would you like some wine
--- Yes, just ________.
A. little B. very little
C. a little D. a few
C
一，并列句中的省略，在由and连接的 一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and Mr. Smith handed it to a policeman.
2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.
3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but
his advice made Jim angry.
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob was born in winter in 1989.
5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。
He was late because he had overslept and because he had missed the train.
※二、状语从句的省略※
1. 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓 语有be, 而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。
（1）As he was young, he was a store-keeper.
（2）His opinion, whether it is right or wrong , would be considered.
※2. 在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。
Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings.
I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way).
3. 虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。
If there should be a flood, what should we do
Should there be a flood
4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。
John will go there if my brother will (go).
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to ).
※三、定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。
1. 在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略；在以the same…as和such as引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。
The girl (who\whom\that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.
I don't like such books as this (is).
2. 定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。
The goods (which were) ordered last month haven't arrived yet.
3. 在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的则不能。
①I think (that) it will clear up(转晴)this afternoon.
②He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
4. 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。
He will come back, but he doesn't know when
( he will come back).
※ 5. 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
The officer ordered that his men (should) fire.
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
四、复合句中特殊的省略现象。
1. 主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。
______ Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.
※2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so或not代替。
1) --She may not be free today.
--____ (so=she is not free today), we will have to report the manager.
2) --Is he feeling better today
--___________ (not=he isn't feeling better today).
If so
I'm afraid not
(It is a)
五、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合
1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, advice, persuade, agree, want, remember, manage等。
You can do it this way if you care____.
--You should have thanked her before you left.
--I mean ____ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
to
to
2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。
She wants to come but her parents won't allow __.
3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。
I think she should get a job, but you can't force her to if she's not ready _____
--I'll be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat
--Not at all. I'd be happy ______.
to
to
to
4. 不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to等。
He doesn't like fish but he used to.
※注意：当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to 后面保留原形have或be.
He didn't come, but he ought _________.
Alice is not what she used _________.
to have
to be
六、动词不定式符号to 的省略。
1. 主语部分有to do, 系动词是 is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省略to.
The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.
※2. 作介词but, except, besides的宾语时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定式符号to.
Tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning.
3. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.（平行结构）
※4. 在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to；Why (not) do结构中不定式不带to.
Did you notice her enter the room
why not join us
※七、介词的省略※（考点）
1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的 动名词，常见的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。
The heavy rain prevented him ________ arriving there on time.
She lost no time _____ giving the patient first aid.
(from)
(in)
2. 表示行为方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。
He did it (in) this way.
八、会话中的省略。
省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。
--Do you like this shirt
--Yes, (I like it) very much.
(Come) This way, please.
--What do you think made Mary so upset
--Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).
省略句练习题
3.
Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.
The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
(_____ )
P37
2. A boy was on the left side of the sick
woman, and a girl was on the right
side of the sick woman.
3. She has a daughter who is in hospital.
4. He went to the doctor because he had to
go to the doctor .
(___________________)
(_____)
(_____________)
5. Did she pass the first aid test that she
did yesterday or didn’t she pass
or not.
6. She could not decided whether to send
him to hospital or not to send him to
hospital .
7. When your nose is bleeding, you should
bend forward so that the blood runs out
of your nose and the blood doesn’t run
down your throat.
8. Only some of the students have done a
first aid course but most of the students
haven’t done a first aid course .
not down your throat.
A
C
D
A
1、－After living in a village for so long, Kathy won’t want to move to a big city.
－I don’t imagine_____. （07.武汉质检）
so B. too C. it D. that
2 、He dressed up and went to the party as if_____. (07.山东诊断二)
was invited B. had been invited C. invited D. to be invited
3 、 －I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
－_____good. (06.湖北)
Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
4、－I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
－_____. (06.江西)
So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I
5、George offered a better suggestion to me than_____. (06.中山 第一学期期末)
Henry did to Smith B. that of Smith’s
C. Michael’s D. what Charlie offered to me
6、The students expected____to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(06.中山第一学期期末)
A.there B. it C. that D. one
7、______broken, the glass can not hold water. (06石家庄质检)
Once B. After C. On D. Though
8、What should I do with this passage
－_____the main idea of each paragraph. (05.重庆)
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D To find out
A
A
A
C
Thanks for your listening!
为了避免重复，句子中某些部分可以省略。
省略
Read the following sentences and find out what have been left out.
Exercise
1.Like more beer
___________like more beer
2.Haven’t seen you for ages.
___________haven’t seen you for ages.
3.Sounds like a good idea.
_____________sounds like a good idea.
4.Sorry I couldn't go.
_____________sorry I couldn't go.
5.Doesn’t matter.
____________doesn’t matter.
Would you
I
It
I’m
It
6.If he says he'll come, he will .
If he says he'll come, he will_______.
7.Going to the supermarket
________ going to the supermarket
8.Pity you couldn’t come.
________pity you couldn’t come.
9.Sounds good.
________sounds good
10.Everybody appears well prepared.
Everybody appears____________ well prepared.
come
It’s
Are you
It
to be
1. Generally speaking, ________according to directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
B
when the drug is taken
2. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
C
his parents are lacking money.
3. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ________, but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to
C. doing D. doing it
B
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________.
A . not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not to
A
5.What would have happened ________, as far as the river bank
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
C
6.--- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend
--- ________.
A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it
C. I believe not so D. I believe not
D
7. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and________.
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
C
8. --- Would you like some wine
--- Yes, just ________.
A. little B. very little
C. a little D. a few
C
一，并列句中的省略，在由and连接的 一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and Mr. Smith handed it to a policeman.
2. 若主语不同而谓语助动词，情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework.
3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but
his advice made Jim angry.
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob was born in winter in 1989.
5. 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。
He was late because he had overslept and because he had missed the train.
※二、状语从句的省略※
1. 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓 语有be, 而主语有跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。
（1）As he was young, he was a store-keeper.
（2）His opinion, whether it is right or wrong , would be considered.
※2. 在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。
Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings.
I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way).
3. 虚拟条件句常省略if, 将were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。
If there should be a flood, what should we do
Should there be a flood
4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。
John will go there if my brother will (go).
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to ).
※三、定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。
1. 在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略；在以the same…as和such as引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。
The girl (who\whom\that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.
I don't like such books as this (is).
2. 定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。
The goods (which were) ordered last month haven't arrived yet.
3. 在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余的则不能。
①I think (that) it will clear up(转晴)this afternoon.
②He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
4. 由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。
He will come back, but he doesn't know when
( he will come back).
※ 5. 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可省略。
The officer ordered that his men (should) fire.
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
四、复合句中特殊的省略现象。
1. 主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。
______ Pity that I didn't go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.
※2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so或not代替。
1) --She may not be free today.
--____ (so=she is not free today), we will have to report the manager.
2) --Is he feeling better today
--___________ (not=he isn't feeling better today).
If so
I'm afraid not
(It is a)
五、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合
1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, advice, persuade, agree, want, remember, manage等。
You can do it this way if you care____.
--You should have thanked her before you left.
--I mean ____ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.
to
to
2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。
She wants to come but her parents won't allow __.
3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。
I think she should get a job, but you can't force her to if she's not ready _____
--I'll be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat
--Not at all. I'd be happy ______.
to
to
to
4. 不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to等。
He doesn't like fish but he used to.
※注意：当省略的内容是作动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to 后面保留原形have或be.
He didn't come, but he ought _________.
Alice is not what she used _________.
to have
to be
六、动词不定式符号to 的省略。
1. 主语部分有to do, 系动词是 is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省略to.
The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.
※2. 作介词but, except, besides的宾语时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定式符号to.
Tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning.
3. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.（平行结构）
※4. 在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have make, let, observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号to；Why (not) do结构中不定式不带to.
Did you notice her enter the room
why not join us
※七、介词的省略※（考点）
1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的 动名词，常见的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。
The heavy rain prevented him ________ arriving there on time.
She lost no time _____ giving the patient first aid.
(from)
(in)
2. 表示行为方式的in在in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。
He did it (in) this way.
八、会话中的省略。
省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。
--Do you like this shirt
--Yes, (I like it) very much.
(Come) This way, please.
--What do you think made Mary so upset
--Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).
省略句练习题
3.
Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.
The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.
(_____ )
P37
2. A boy was on the left side of the sick
woman, and a girl was on the right
side of the sick woman.
3. She has a daughter who is in hospital.
4. He went to the doctor because he had to
go to the doctor .
(___________________)
(_____)
(_____________)
5. Did she pass the first aid test that she
did yesterday or didn’t she pass
or not.
6. She could not decided whether to send
him to hospital or not to send him to
hospital .
7. When your nose is bleeding, you should
bend forward so that the blood runs out
of your nose and the blood doesn’t run
down your throat.
8. Only some of the students have done a
first aid course but most of the students
haven’t done a first aid course .
not down your throat.
A
C
D
A
1、－After living in a village for so long, Kathy won’t want to move to a big city.
－I don’t imagine_____. （07.武汉质检）
so B. too C. it D. that
2 、He dressed up and went to the party as if_____. (07.山东诊断二)
was invited B. had been invited C. invited D. to be invited
3 、 －I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
－_____good. (06.湖北)
Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
4、－I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
－_____. (06.江西)
So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I
5、George offered a better suggestion to me than_____. (06.中山 第一学期期末)
Henry did to Smith B. that of Smith’s
C. Michael’s D. what Charlie offered to me
6、The students expected____to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(06.中山第一学期期末)
A.there B. it C. that D. one
7、______broken, the glass can not hold water. (06石家庄质检)
Once B. After C. On D. Though
8、What should I do with this passage
－_____the main idea of each paragraph. (05.重庆)
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D To find out
A
A
A
C
Thanks for your listening!