2020-2021学年人教版（2019）必修二：Unit 3 The Internet-（共9份打包，含1个音频+1个视频）

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高科技！东京羽田机场新增智能电动轮椅
1
数字技术所带来的不良影响
2
孩子使用手机的年龄大大提前
3
使用社交媒体越久可能越孤独
5
高科技！东京羽田机场新增智能电动轮椅
It
is
called
a
mobility（移动性）system
or
wheelchair
—
and
it
can
be
seen
at
Tokyo
Airport
moving
on
its
own.
The
mobility
system
seats
one
person
and
is
able
to
find
its
way
on
its
own
without
hitting
anything.
It
has
a
pre-programmed
path
of
about
600
meters
at
Tokyo’s
Haneda
International
Airport.
The
ride
lasts
several
minutes.
It
travels
from
the
security
area
to
the
boarding
gate
at
a
speed
of
3.5
kilometers
per
hour.
But
many
people
hope
this
type
of
technology
can
help
in
other
places,
such
as
hospitals
or
parks.
The
technology
uses
sensors（传感器）and
cameras
to
see
a
clear
path
and
avoid
hitting
those
walking
toward
it.
The
person
on
the
machine
can
start
or
stop
it
through
a
simple
controller.
It
runs
on
batteries
and
is
programmed
to
return
to
where
it
started
from
when
its
passenger
gets
off.
It
was
demonstrated
on
Monday
by
WHILL,
the
company
behind
the
technology.
WHILL
Chief
Executive
Satoshi
Sugie
said
robotics
and
self-driving
technology
reduce
the
need
for
a
human
at
the
wheel.
They
are
especially
useful
in
these
difficult
times
when
we
are
living
with
the
?coronavirus（冠状病毒）.
“We
are…developing
our
business
in
order
to
help
restore
a
world
where
people
can
enjoy
moving
around
with
peace
of
mind,”
Sugie
said.
The
system
is
helping
with
social
distancing
while
fighting
the
spread
of
the
coronavirus.
It
also
helps
older
passengers
and
those
who
need
help
walking
the
last
few
steps
to
the
boarding
gate.
What’s
more,
it
could
help
Japan
free
up
labor.
Japan,
like
many
other
nations,
suffers
from
a
labor
shortage.
The
technology
could
free
a
worker
to
do
another
job.
Tests
have
been
carried
out
at
several
airports
since
last
year,
including
John
F.
Kennedy
International
Airport
in
New
York.
The
company
hopes
to
put
it
in
airports
around
the
world.
1.?What
is
special
about
the
mobility
system?
A.
It
produces
no
pollution.
B.
It
works
by
solar
energy.???
C.
It
needs
no
help
at
the
airport.
D.
It
adjusts
the
speed
to
the
path.
2.
What
does
Satoshi
Sugie
think
of
the
wheelchair?
A.
It
is
useless
to
some
people.
B.
It
deserves
to
be
widely
used.
???
C.?It
needs
to
be
further
tested.??
D.
It
may
not
work
well
in
other
places.
3.
What
is
paragraph
4
mainly
about?
A.
Various
difficulties
of
boarding.?
B.
New
treatment
for
the
coronavirus.
?
C.
The
reasons
for
a
labor
shortage.?
D.
The
advantages
of
the
mobility
system.
4.
In
which
section
of
a
magazine
may
this
text
appear?
A.
Sports
and
music.
B.
Business
and
culture.
C.
Science
and
technology.
D.
Geography
and
history.
数字技术所带来的不良影响
People
think
that
smartphones
and
laptops
are
evidence
of
progress.
A
certain
amount
of
online
searching,
for
instance,
can
be
good
for
your
brain,
and
there
are
apps
that
can
promote
brain
functions.
Yet
technology
advancements
also
come
with
some
unintended
consequences.
Studies
have
shown
that
blue-enriched
light
from
electronic
things
like
smartphones
can
disturb
the
body’s
internal
clock
and
make
it
impossible
for
you
to
stick
to
a
proper
sleep
schedule.
Losing
sleep
has
negative
effects
on
your
brain,
such
as
bad
moods,
decreased
attention
and
problems
of
memory.
Technology
makes
it
much
easier
to
get
distracted.
For
example,
you
step
away
from
an
important
project
to
check
your
smartphone.
Teens,
in
particular,
are
more
distracted
than
ever.
A
recent
survey
of
2,400
teachers
found
that
most
educators
feel
students
are
more
distracted
than
previous
generations.
Some
64
percent
agreed
with
the
idea
that
today’s
digital
technology
does
more
to
distract
students
than
to
help
them
academically.
And
technology
makes
people
much
more
forgetful
than
they
used
to
be.
The
new
generation
are
actually
more
likely
to
forget
what
day
it
is
or
where
they
put
their
keys
than
people
over
the
age
of
55,
according
to
a
Trending
Machine
survey.
In
a
press
about
the
survey,
Jo
Patricia,
a
doctor,
said
technology
was
to
blame.
“This
is
a
generation
that
has
grown
up
multitasking
by
using
technology
and
is
often
accompanied
by
lack
of
sleep,
which
results
in
high
levels
of
forgetfulness,”
she
said.
People
who
rely
on
GPS
to
get
around
have
less
activity
in
the
hippo
campus,
an
area
of
the
brain
involved
in
both
memory
and
direction.
A
study
from
the
University
of
London
even
found
that
taxi
drivers
had
a
more
developed
hippocampus
(海马，大脑记忆核心部分)
than
non-taxi
drivers
—
because
they
are
so
accustomed
to
using
spatial
(空间的)
memory,
rather
than
relying
on
GPS.
Now
that
you’re
probably
terrified
of
the
effects
of
technology,
let
us
remind
you
that
you
do
have
the
power
to
prevent
it.
Just
log
off
every
once
in
a
while!
1．How
does
technology
affect
students
according
to
teachers?
A．It
upsets
the
new
generation.
B．It
makes
students
more
forgetful.
C．It
takes
the
students’
attention
away.
D．It
fails
to
aid
students
with
their
lessons.
2．What
is
Jo
Patricia’s
attitude
towards
technology?
A．Negative.
B．Objective.
C．Optimistic.
D．Conservative.
3．Why
do
taxi
drivers
have
a
more
developed
hippocampus?
A．Because
they
mainly
rely
on
GPS.
B．Because
they
do
more
mental
exercise.
C．Because
they
use
spatial
memory
more.
D．Because
they
have
a
better
sense
of
balance.
4．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A．Surveys
conducted
in
a
school.
B．Apps
used
to
promote
memory.
C．Progress
made
in
electronic
products.
D．Harmful
effects
brought
by
technology.
孩子使用手机的年龄大大提前
A
new
study
has
found
that
more
than
30
percent
of
babies
as
young
as
6
months
old
are
using
smartphones.
The
survey
asked
parents
twenty
questions
about
when
their
children
were
first
exposed
to
mobile
media
devices.
What
makes
everyone
so
alarmed
is
that
the
study
has
found
that
children
are
being
exposed
to
mobile
devices
earlier
than
ever
before.
But
before
we
all
jump
on
the
judgment
train,
let’s
stop
and
think
about
how
much
more
ubiquitous
smartphones
are
now
than
they
were
even
five
years
ago.
It’s
not
that
parents
have
gotten
lazier,
which
some
reporters
have
suggested.
It’s
that
more
parents
have
access
to
smartphones
that
they
can
use
to
show
family
pictures
to
entertain
a
baby
or
play
music
that
a
toddler
can
dance
with.
What
the
study
didn’t
address
was
how
much
time
these
babies
are
spending
looking
at
smartphones.
Nor
did
it
assess
what
these
babies
are
looking
at.
Is
it
5
minutes
of
music
in
the
grocery
store
while
Mom
or
Dad
gets
the
food
into
the
cart?
Or
is
it
30
minutes
of
watching
videos
while
a
parent
sacks
out
on
the
couch?
There
is
a
big
difference
between
the
two
scenarios
(场景).
By
the
numbers,
the
study
found
that
among
babies
younger
than
1
year
old,
52
percent
had
watched
television
on
mobile
devices,
36
percent
had
been
allowed
to
scroll
the
screen,
15
percent
had
used
apps
and
12
percent
had
played
video
games.
Around
25
percent
of
kids
had
already
called
someone
at
this
age.
The
American
Academy
of
Pediatrics
frowns
upon
any
screen
time
for
children
under
the
age
of
two.
But
I
don’t
think
we
need
to
necessarily
panic.
I
did
not
have
a
smartphone
when
my
girls
were
this
age
but
I
can
tell
you
right
now
that
if
I
had
owned
one,
there
would
have
been
many
occasions
when
I
would
have
gladly
handed
over
my
phone
to
play
music
or
a
video
or
even
a
video
game
if
it
would
have
calmed
a
screaming
baby.
They
would
have
turned
out
just
fine.
1．What
would
be
the
answer
to
one
of
the
questions
according
to
the
study?
A．Some
babies
use
smartphones
very
early.
B．Smartphones
bring
children
convenience.
C．Children
are
clever
enough
to
use
electronic
devices.
D．Science
and
technology
are
developing
rapidly.
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“ubiquitous”
mean?
A．Unique.
B．Uncommon.
C．Non-existent.
D．Universal.
3．Two
questions
are
asked
in
Paragraph
3
in
order
to
tell
us
________.
A．babies
can
use
smartphones
as
they
like
B．watching
videos
is
interesting
for
babies
C．it
doesn’t
matter
what
babies
are
looking
at
D．using
smartphones
too
long
is
improper
for
babies
4．Which
of
the
following
does
the
author
agree
with
about
the
babies
under
1
year
old?
A．Nearly
half
of
them
had
used
apps
on
smartphones.
B．Half
of
them
had
watched
television
on
smartphones.
C．About
a
quarter
of
them
had
made
a
telephone
call
to
others.
D．None
of
them
had
been
allowed
to
use
smartphones.
使用社交媒体越久可能越孤独
If
you
use
social
media
to
get
rid
of
loneliness,
a
new
study
suggests
that
you're
going
against
the
grain.
We
may
have
heard
a
lot
about
the
benefits
of
interacting
with
others
online,
but
the
findings
of
a
study
conducted
by
scientists
from
the
University
of
Pittsburgh
School
of
Medicine
show
a
direct
relationship
between
social
media
usage
and
feelings
of
isolation（孤独）.
In
short,
the
more
time
you
spend
on
social
media,
the
lonelier
you
may
feel.
With
increasing
usage
of
a
large
number
of
apps
that
allow
for
endless
virtual
connectivity,
loneliness
seems
like
the
last
problem
social
media
users
would
face,
but
according
to
Brain
A．Primack,
the
leader
of
the
study,
it
has
the
exact
opposite
effect.
“Mental
health
problems
and
social
isolation
are
widespread
among
young
adults
nowadays.”
Primack
said,
“We
are
naturally
social
creatures,
but
modem
life
tends
to
separate
us
instead
of
bringing
us
together.
While
it
may
seem
that
social
media
provide
opportunities
to
fill
the
social
void
(空白)
,
I
think
this
study
suggests
that
it
may
not
be
the
solution
people
were
hoping
for.”
Primack
and
his
team
examined
the
social
media
habits
of
1,787
U.S.
adults
aged
between
19
and
32
via
a
questionnaire
(问卷）that
asked
about
how
often
and
how
long
they
visit
the
most
popular
social
media
platforms.
Eventually,
they
determined
that
young
adults
who
are
constantly
logging
in
social
media
are
lonelier
than
those
with
less
social
media
usage.
Frequent
exposure
(接触)
to
unrealistic
descriptions
on
social
media
instead
of
face-to-face
social
interactions
may
give
people
the
impression
that
others
are
living
happier,
and
this
may
make
users
feel
lonelier
in
comparison.
1．What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"going
against
the
grain"
in
paragraph
1
mean?
A．Doing
it
all
wrong.
B．On
the
way
to
success.
C．Taking
a
risk.
D．Making
a
difference.
2．How
did
Primack
and
his
team
carry
out
the
study?
A．By
investigating
the
opinions
of
some
adults.
B．By
collecting
data
online.
C．By
providing
explanations.
D．By
describing
their
own
experiences.
3．What
can
we
learn
from
the
study?
A．You
will
feel
happier
if
you
spend
more
time
online.
B．Online
interaction
is
not
the
solution
to
social
isolation.
C．Virtual
connectivity
is
the
best
way
to
fill
the
social
void.
D．Popular
social
media
platforms
can
bond
people
together.
4．What
does
the
text
mainly
tell
us?
A．Loneliness
leads
to
frequent
social
media
usage.
B．Face-to-face
social
interactions
are
on
the
way
out.
C．Social
media
do
users
more
harm
than
good.
D．Social
media
might
make
loneliness
worse.
参考答案
1、
CBDC
2、
CACD
3、
ADDC
4、
AABDUnit
3
The
Internet词汇语法
一、词汇梳理
1.blog
n.
博客
vi.
写博客
blog
post
博文；博客帖子
When
Barbieux
started
his
blog,
his
aspirations
were
small;
he
simply
hoped
to
communicate
with
a
few
people.
当巴尔比厄开通他的博客时，他的期望并不大。他只是希望能和一些人交流交流。
In
his
Sunday
blog
post,
Drummond
also
pointed
out
that
a
union
of
Microsoft
and
Yahoo!.
在他周日的博文中，德拉蒙德也指出了微软和雅虎的联盟。
2.engine
n.
引擎；发动机；火车头
search
engine
（互联网上的）搜索引擎
He
got
into
the
driving
seat
and
started
the
engine.
他坐进驾驶位，发动引擎。
The
car
has
a
new
engine.这辆汽车的发动机是新的。
The
engine
of
the
train
left
the
rails
at
a
curve.火车头在拐弯处脱轨。
This
is
called
search
engine
optimization
or
SEO.这就是搜索引擎优化，又叫SEO。
3.chat
vi.
聊天；闲聊
He’s
chatting
with
his
dad.
他在和他爸爸闲聊。
4.stream
vt.
流播（不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频）；流出
vi.
流动
n.
小河；溪流
This
software
allows
customers
to
stream
videos
and
music.
这个软件支持用户播放视频和音乐。
Tears
streamed
down
their
faces.泪水顺着他们的脸颊流下来。
There
was
a
small
stream
at
the
end
of
the
garden.花园的尽头有一条小河。
5.identity
n.
身份；个性
identity
card
身份证
There
is
no
clue
to
the
identity
of
the
thief.没有确定窃贼身份的线索。
He
turned
and
offered
his
identity
card.他转过身来，出示了他的身份证。
6.convenient
adj.
方便的；近便的
Will
it
be
convenient
for
you
to
start
work
tomorrow?
你方便明天开始工作吗？
7.cash
/k/
n.
现金；金钱
I
have
no
cash
on
me.
May
I
pay
by
cheque?我没有带现金。可以用支票付吗？
8.update
vt.
更新；向……提供最新信息n.
更新；最新消息
It’s
about
time
we
updated
our
software.我们的软件应该更新了。
We’ll
update
you
on
the
day’s
top
news
stories.
我们将为您提供当天的头条新闻。
9.database
n.
数据库；资料库
The
state
maintains
a
database
of
names
of
people
allowed
to
vote.该州有一个选民名单数据库。
10.software
n.
软件
It’s
cheaper
to
buy
software
bundled
with
a
PC
than
separately.
购买和个人电脑一起捆绑销售的软件要比单买便宜。
11.network
n.
（互联）网络；网状系统；人际网vt.
将……连接成网络；联播vi.
建立工作关系
The
office
network
allows
users
to
share
files
and
software.
办公室网络让用户共享文件和软件。
Lumsdon
would
like
to
see
his
programme
sold
and
networked.
拉姆斯敦希望看到自己的节目卖出，并进行联播。
In
business,
it
is
important
to
network
with
as
many
people
as
possible.
在生意场上，与尽可能多的人建立关系很重要。
12.keep
sb
company
陪伴某人
My
sister
has
come
from
America
to
keep
me
company
during
my
illness.
我姐姐从美国回来了，在我生病期间陪我。
13.surf
n.
浏览；冲浪
I
was
surfing
the
Net
looking
for
information
on
Indian
music.
我正上网查找关于印度音乐的资料。
I’m
going
to
buy
a
surfboard
and
learn
to
surf.我要买个冲浪板学习冲浪。
14.benefit
n.
益处
vt.
使受益
vi.
得益于
The
new
regulations
will
be
of
great
benefit
to
us
all.
新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。
These
facilities
have
benefited
the
whole
town.这些设施使全城受益。
Both
sides
have
benefited
from
the
talks.双方都从谈判中获益。
15.distance
n.
距离
What’s
the
distance
between
New
York
City
and
Boston?纽约市离波士顿有多远？
16.inspire
vt.
鼓舞；激励；启发思考
The
actors’
enthusiasm
inspired
the
kids.演员们的热情鼓舞着孩子们。
Jimi
Hendrix
inspired
a
generation
of
guitarists.吉米·亨德里克斯启发了整整一代吉他演奏者。
17.now
that
既然；由于
Now
that
you
are
here,
you’d
better
stay.既然你已经来了，最好还是留下。
18.
access
/n.
通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会
vt.
进入；使用；获取
You
need
a
password
to
get
access
to
the
computer
system.
使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
You’ve
illegally
accessed
and
misused
confidential
security
files.
你已经非法访问并盗用了机密的安全文件。
19.charity
n.
慈善；慈善机构（或组织）
Gooch
will
be
raising
money
for
charity.古奇将进行慈善募捐。
The
National
Trust
is
a
registered
charity.全国托管协会是个已注册的慈善机构。
20.go
through
经历；度过；通读He
was
going
through
a
very
difficult
time.
他正处于非常艰难的时期。
Going
through
his
list
of
customers
is
a
massive
job.
查阅他的客户名单是个相当费劲的活儿。
21.tough
adj.
艰难的；严厉的
It’s
tough
finding
a
job
these
days.近来很难找到工作。
The
school
takes
a
tough
line
on
cheating.学校对作弊行为的惩罚很严厉。
22.province
n.
省
Canada
has
ten
provinces.加拿大有十个省。
23.
conference
n.
会议；研讨会；正式会谈
The
hotel
is
used
for
exhibitions,
conferences
and
social
events.
这家饭店用于举行展览、大型会议和社交活动。
24.
resident
n.
居民；（美国的）住院医生
adj.
（在某地）居住的
The
hotel
bar
was
only
open
to
residents.
这家旅馆的酒吧只对居民开放。
She’s
resident
aboard.她居住在国外。
25.
plus
conj.
而且；此外
n.
加号；优势
prep.
加，另加
I’ve
got
too
much
work.
Plus
my
father
is
not
well.
我工作负担太重了，而且我父亲身体也不好。
He
put
a
plus
instead
of
a
minus.他填了个加号而不是减号。
Knowledge
of
French
is
a
plus
in
her
job.通晓法文使她在工作中占优势。
Two
plus
five
is
seven.二加五等于七。
26.
function
n.
功能；作用；机能
vi.
起作用；正常工作；运转
The
function
of
the
heart
is
to
pump
blood
through
the
body.心脏的功能是把血液输往全身。
This
machine
has
stopped
functioning.这机器坏了。
27.
battery
n.
电池
This
pocket
calculator
needs
two
batteries.这个袖珍计算器需要两节电池。
28.
confirm
vt.
确认；使确信
The
walk
in
the
mountains
confirmed
his
fear
of
heights.
在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。
Wi-Fi
n.
无线保真（用无线电波而非网线在计算机网络传输数据的系统）
This
spacious
room
has
free
Wi-Fi
access
and
a
private
bathroom.
这间宽敞的客房提供免费无线网络连接和一间私人浴室。
29.press
vt.
按；压；敦促
She
pressed
her
face
against
the
window.她把脸贴在窗户上。
The
bank
is
pressing
us
for
repayment
of
the
loan.银行正在催我们偿还贷款。
30.
button
n.
按钮；纽扣
Which
button
do
I
press
to
turn
the
radio
on?我按哪个按钮才能打开收音机？
The
fuse
blew
as
he
pressed
the
button.他刚一按下按钮，保险丝就烧断了。
31.
file
n.
文件；文件夹；档案
Every
file
on
the
same
disk
must
have
a
different
name.
同一磁盘上的每一个文件都必须有不同的文件名。
You
should
make
a
copy
of
the
file
as
a
backup.你应该将文件复制作为备份。
32.
in
shape
状况良好
I
really
want
to
get
in
shape
before
summer.我真的很想在夏季到来之前把身体练得棒棒的。
33.keep
track
of
掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
Police
keep
track
of
the
kidnapper
using
electronic
surveillance
equipment.
警方利用电子监视设备跟踪绑架者。
With
eleven
thousand
employees,
it’s
very
difficult
to
keep
track
of
them
all.
对于一支1.1万人的员工队伍，很难及时了解到所有人的动态。
34.
discount
n.
折扣vt.
打折
We
give
a
10%
discount
for
cash.
现金付款，我们予以九折优惠。
Tour
prices
are
being
discounted
as
much
as
33%.
旅行价格打了6.7折之多。
35.
account
n.
账户；描述
I
don’t
have
an
email
account.
我没有电子邮件账户。
She
gave
the
police
a
full
account
of
the
incident.她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
36.
click
vt.
&
vi.
点击
I
clicked
on
a
link
and
recent
reviews
of
the
movie
came
up.
我点击了一个链接，这部电影的最新评论弹了出来。
37.
theft
n.
偷（窃）；盗窃罪
Police
are
investigating
the
theft
of
computers
from
the
company’s
offices.
警方正在调查这家公司办公室里的计算机失窃案。
Her
assistant
was
accused
of
theft
and
fraud
by
the
police.
她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃罪和欺诈罪。
38.
rude
adj.
粗鲁的；无礼的
Why
are
you
so
rude
to
your
mother?你为什么对你的母亲这么没礼貌？
39.target
n.
目标；对象；靶子
vt.
把……作为攻击目标
It’s
a
prime
target
for
terrorist
attacks.这是恐怖分子攻击的首要目标。
The
missiles
were
mainly
targeted
at
the
United
States.
导弹主要瞄准的是美国。
40.
false
adj.
假的；错误的
She
gave
false
information
to
the
insurance
company.
她向保险公司提供了不真实的资料。
particular
adj.
特定的；特别的；讲究的
Is
there
any
particular
color
you
would
prefer?你有什么特别喜欢的颜色吗？
She’s
very
particular
about
what
she
wears.她对穿着很讲究。
41,
make
fun
of
取笑；戏弄
I’d
make
fun
of
her
dress
and
imitate
her
speech.我会取笑她的衣服，并模仿她说话。
42.upset
adj.
心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的
vt.
(upset,
upset)使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
There’s
no
point
getting
upset
about
it.犯不着为此事心烦。
The
whole
incident
had
upset
us
terribly.整个事件搞得我们都心烦意乱。
43.
guideline
n.
准则；指导原则
The
government
should
issue
clear
guidelines
on
the
content
of
religious
education.
政府应当就宗教教育的内容颁布明确的指导原则。
44.
tip
n.
忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
It
shows
how
to
prepare
a
CV,
and
gives
tips
on
applying
for
jobs.
它说明了如何准备简历，并就如何申请职位提了些建议。
45.
familiar
adj.
熟悉；熟知
He
talked
of
other
cultures
as
if
they
were
more
familiar
to
him
than
his
own.
他谈起其他文化时似乎比对他自己的文化还要熟悉。
46.
keep
(...)
in
mind
牢记
We
must
keep
in
mind
that
we
are
not
children
any
more,
and
we
should
be
independent.
我们必须牢记，我们不再是孩子，我们应该独立了。
47.
case
n.
盒；箱；情况；案件
I
bought
a
jewelry
case
for
my
mother.
我给妈妈买了一个首饰盒。
Exhibits
in
museums
are
often
displayed
in
glass
cases.
博物馆中的展品常摆放在玻璃橱里。
In
some
cases,
people
have
had
to
wait
several
weeks
for
an
appointment.
在某些情况下，人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。
The
police
are
investigating
a
murder
case.
警方正在调查一桩谋杀案。
48.
author
n.
作者；作家
Haruki
Murakami
is
Japan’s
best-selling
author.村上春树是日本的畅销书作家。
二、佳句再现
1.
At
age
50,
she
found
herself
out
of
work
and
stuck
at
home
with
only
her
computer
to
keep
her
company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在
家里，只有电脑相伴。
此句结构为“find+宾语+宾补”，out
of
work和stuck
at
home是句子的宾语补足语，说明宾语herself的处境。with
only
her
computer
to
keep
her
company是“with+名词+to
do”结构，在句中做stuck的伴随状语。
find
oneself
…
不知不觉间发现自己……
例句：I
walked
and
walked
along
the
street,
and
about
30
minutes
later,
I
found
myself
at
the
school
gate.
我在街上走啊走，大约半小时后我发现自己来到了学校大门口。
When
she
woke
up,
she
found
herself
lying
in
a
hospital
bed.
当她醒来的时候，她发现自己躺在一家医院的病床上。
2.
She
realized
that
one
of
the
greatest
benefits
of
the
Internet
was
its
ability
to
remove
the
distance
that
usually
exists
between
people.
她意识到互联网的最大好处之一就是能够消除通常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
这是一个复合句。realized之后由that引导了一个宾语从句，宾语从句中one
of
the
greatest
benefits
of
the
Internet是主语，its
ability是表语，被动词不定式短语to
remove
the
distance
that
usually
exists
between
people所修饰，动词不定式短语中又包含了由that引导的定语从句，修饰the
distance。
例句：It
is
a
proverb
we
should
always
keep
in
mind
that
honesty
is
the
best
policy.
“诚实为上策”是一句我们应时刻谨记在心的箴言。
It
is
reported
that
one
third
of
the
city’s
citizens
plan
to
buy
a
private
car.
据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。
3.
She
was
so
inspired
by
the
people
she
met
online
that
she
decided
to
start
an
IT
club
to
teach
older
people
how
to
use
computers
and
the
Internet.
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们学习使用电脑和互联网。
句中的she
met
online是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰前面的名词the
people。
so
...
that
...
如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果，通常位于主句之后。so是副词，修饰形容词或副词，具体搭配如下：
so+形容词/副词+that+从句
so+形容词/副词+(a/an)+单数可数名词+that+从句
例如：The
movie
is
so
interesting
that
I
want
to
watch
it
again.
这部电影如此有趣以至于我想再看一遍。
He
is
so
lovely
a
boy
that
everyone
likes
him.
他是如此可爱的一个男孩，以至于每个人都喜欢他。
4.
She
believes
that
it
is
highly
important
to
bridge
the
digital
divide
and
make
sure
that
everyone
has
access
to
the
Internet
and
knows
how
to
use
new
technology.
她认为，消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术，是非常重要的。
本句中bridge、divide和access既可以用作名词又可以用作动词。
bridge一般用作名词，本句作动词，意思是“架起桥梁、消除（隔阂）”。
例句：Cultural
exchanges
are
building
bridges
between
different
areas
and
countries.
文化交流正在不同地区和国家之间建立纽带。（用作名词）
She
is
trying
her
best
to
bridge
the
generation
gap
with
her
mother.
她在努力消除和妈妈之间的代沟。（用作动词）
divide多用作动词，此处用作名词，意思是“差异；分歧”。
例句：There
is
a
clear
divide
between
the
two
countries
on
that
issue.
在那个问题上两个国家存在明显的分歧。
access在句中作名词，意思是“（使用的）机会或权利”。
例句：People
in
big
cities
usually
have
a
better
access
to
good
resources.
大城市的人们通常有更多机会使用好的资源。
5.
I
imagine
that
TV
Me
would
be
more
popular.
我猜TV
Me这个应用程序会更受欢迎一些。
I
imagine
that
…
这是imagine后面接了一个that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略，imagine在句中意为：想，猜，认为，从句中多用would/could+动词原形表示一种猜想或推测。类似表达还有：I
guess(猜)
/suppose(认为)/believe(我相信)
that
...；My
guess
would
be
/is
that
...。例句：
I
believe
this
app
could
help
me
get
thinner.
相信这个app可以帮助我变瘦。
6.
Today
I
thought
I’d
blog
about
a
question
that
has
been
asked
many
times—how
do
you
stay
safe
online
and
avoid
bad
experiences
on
the
Internet?
今天我想在博客上提一个已经被问过很多次的问题——在网上如何保证自身安全以及如何避免不好的经历？
has
been
asked为现在完成时的被动语态，表示这个问题从过去到现在一直有人问，以后还可能会被问到，其结构为have/has
been
+动词过去分词。
例句：His
bike
has
been
stolen.
他的自行车被偷了。
7.
Don’t
give
out
your
address
or
phone
number.
不要透露你的地址或电话号码。
give
out此处意思为“公开；透露（信息）”。此外其他含义有：①分发，发放=hand
out；②用完，耗尽=run
out；③停止运转，停止运行；④释放，
发出（气体、热量、气味等）=give
off。例句：
There
were
people
at
the
entrance
giving
out
leaflets.
有人在入口处发放传单。
All
machines
give
out
eventually.
最终，所有的机器都停止了运转。
Boiling
water
gives
out
steams.
开水散发出蒸汽。
8.
However,
the
more
polite
you
are,
the
less
likely
it
is
you
will
be
attacked.
然而，你越礼貌，你受到攻击的可能性就越小。
the
more
...
the
less
...为句型“the+形容词比较级
...
the+形容词比较级”（越……
越……）的变体。例句：
The
more
time
you
spend
on
study,
the
less
likely
you
will
make
mistakes.
花在学习上的时间越多，犯错误的机会就越少。
9.
A
cyberbully
uses
the
Internet
to
be
mean
to
others.
网络恶霸使用互联网来欺负别人。
mean此处为形容词，意思是“刻薄的；吝啬小气的”。
例如：Don’t
be
so
mean
to
him!
不要对他那么刻薄！
It
is
mean
of
you
not
to
invite
her
to
your
birthday
party!
你真够小气的，生日聚会没邀请她！
三、知识点讲解：
1.“find+宾语+宾补”的用法
“find+宾语+宾补”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词/代词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式to
be等来充当，用以补充说明宾语。
例如：You
will
find
her
a
beautiful
girl.
你会发现她是一个漂亮的女孩。
I
find
English
not
so
hard.
我发现英语没有很难。
We
found
him
waiting
for
us
outside
the
gate.
我们发现他在门外等我们。
They
found
themselves
locked
in
a
house.
他们发现自己被锁在了屋子里。
2.复合句
概念：主句+从句=复合句。复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子。其中主句是一个完整的句子，可以独立存在；从句是一个不完整的句子，必须和主句连用，不能独立存在。
从句的分类：根据从句在复合句中充当的成分来分类，一般分为三大类型：名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
在整个复合句中起名词作用，充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的从句统称为名词性从句；形容词性从句又叫定语从句；副词性从句也称为状语从句。
例如：He
answered
that
he
knew
nothing
about
it.
他回答说他对此一无所知。（宾语从句）
The
trouble
is
that
I
have
lost
his
address.
麻烦的是我弄丢了他的地址。（表语从句）
He
was
rather
pleased
when
he
won
that
prize.
他获奖后相当开心。（状语从句）
She
was
not
in
the
train
that
arrived
just
now.
她不在刚到的那辆火车上。（定语从句）Unit
3
The
Internet同步练习
一、单词拼写
A组：1.
Wearing
a
uniform
is
a
symbol
of
pride
and
creates
an
(个性)
for
a
school.
2.
Not
only
am
I
interested
in
photography,
but
I
took
an
amateur
course
at
university
to
(更新)
my
skills.
3.
My
job
is
collecting
information
for
a
(资料库).
4.
Jane
was
ill,
so
I
went
to
the
(会议)
in
her
place.
5.
They
are
all
from
my
experiences
or
something
I
feel
(熟悉)
in
my
life.
6.
The
(慈善机构)
is
calling
for
volunteers
to
make
use
of
their
free
time
to
help
those
poor
children.
7.
What
is
the
(作者)
purpose
in
writing
the
passage?
8.
Follow
these
simple
(指导原则)
for
a
healthy
diet.
9.
However,
many
system
features
and
tasks
will
not
(起作用)
correctly.
10.
When
she
arrived
at
the
small
village,
she
got
to
know
the
(居民).
B组：
1．We
must
______
(确认)
whether
it
is
true
or
not.
2．Adam
pressed
a
______
(按钮)
and
waited
for
the
lift.
3．Before
computers
when
we
went
to
an
office,
we
saw
lots
of
______
(文件)
gather
the
desk.
4．I'm
sorry.It's
my
fault.I'll
give
you
a
______
(折扣)
on
the
fare.
5．Some
banks
make
it
difficult
to
open
an
______
(账户)．
6．By
simply
______
(点击)
the
mouse,
we
can
have
access
to
websites
and
get
the
u
information
we
need.
7．She'd
find
a
way
to
forgive
him
for
the
______
(偷窃)
of
the
money.
8．Some
students
are
to
blame
for
their
impolite
and
______
(粗鲁的)
attitude
toward
9．He
says
it
is
time
to
set
an
even
more
ambitious
______
(目标)．
10．Police
say
they're
treating
it
as
a
______
(案件)
of
attempted
murder.
二、单句语法填空
A组：
1.
Checking
it
on
the
official
website
is
much
more
(convenience).
2.
Eating
more
fruit
and
vegetables
will
be
(benefit)
to
people's
health.
3.
A
bridge
is
being
built
in
the
(distant)
and
its
construction
will
be
finished
in
a
year.
4.
(inspire)
by
her
new
understanding,
Emily
spent
the
rest
of
her
year
in
England
taking
courses
in
communications
studies.
5.
The
magazine
makes
these
ideas
attractive
and
(access)
to
children.
6.
The
company
(target)
by
animal
rights
groups
for
its
use
of
dogs
in
drugs
trials.
7.
She
had
an
unusual
degree
of
self-confidence
and
mental
(tough).
8.
I
think
a
lot
of
people,
women
particular,
pay
attention
to
these
sensitive
issues.
are
being
made
will
be
made
have
been
made
had
been
made.
B组：
1．As
is
expected,
these
programs
should
be
positive
in
their
forms
as
well
as
_____
(function)．
2．The
evidence
______
(confirm)
me
in
my
opinion
that
they
were
lying.
3．This
layer
of
water
puts
______
(press)
on
the
volcano,
keeping
it
stable.
4．If
you
have
any
questions
during
this
process,
click
me
or
______
(按)
F1.
5．It
is
said
that
body
language
accounts
______
55
per
cent
of
a
first
impression
wh
you
say
just
7
per
cent.
6．It
is
very
important
to
teach
the
children
how
to
deal
with
others'
kindness
and
______
(rude)．
7．You
shall
not
be
so
particular
______
what
you
wear.
8．As
volunteers,
we
offer
to
help
those
who
are
in
trouble,
the
disabled
______
particular.
9．All
the
growing
pains
and
the
______
(embarrass)
things
we
may
experience
are
p
the
process.
10．I
am
familiar
______
the
life
of
the
teens
now.
11．Remember：little
steps
add
up
______
big
dreams.
12．I'm
back
______
shape
so
I
can
play
better
than
I
did
before.
13．I
always
make
sure
I
keep
track
______
all
the
money
I
spend.
14．He
will
keep
the
beautiful
girl
______
mind
forever.
15．He
kept
us
______
(wait)
for
him
for
twenty
minutes.
三、时态填空
1．The
machine
_________
(connect)
to
a
computer
already.
2．This
country
_________
(stop)
from
borrowing
money
internationally
for
the
past
3．Though
we
don't
know
what
was
discussed,
yet
we
all
feel
the
topic
_________
(change)
4．We
all
enjoy
these
English
songs
and
they
_________
(teach)
quite
a
few
times
on
radio.
5．—Your
English
is
very
good.
—I'm
still
nervous.
After
all,
it
is
only
the
second
time
that
I
_________
(meet)
foreign
6．If
the
paper
_________
(finish),
please
hand
it
in.
7．I
don't
believe
you've
already
finished
reading
the
book—I
_________
(lend)
it
to
morning!
8．You've
failed
to
do
what
you
_________
(expect)
to
and
I'm
afraid
the
teacher
will
you.
9．Every
year
a
flood
of
farmers
arrive
in
Shenzhen
for
the
moneymaking
jobs
they
_________
(promise)
before
leaving
their
hometowns.
10．With
the
help
of
high
technology,
more
and
more
new
substances
_________
(di
the
past
years.
11．Too
many
houses
_________
(build)
in
the
past
three
years,
so
the
prices
are
sur
12．I
like
this
science
fiction
film
and
it
_________
(broadcast)
three
times
on
TV.
13．In
the
last
few
years
thousands
of
films
_________
(produce)
all
over
the
world.
14．Since
1980,
good
use
_________
(make)
of
wind
to
produce
electricity.
15．The
two
countries
have
agreed
to
hold
another
meeting
to
discuss
the
dispute
when
and
where
it
will
be
held
_________
(decide)
yet.
四、七选五
Castles(城堡)and
temples
wear
away
after
hundreds
of
years,
but
the
symbols
and
E-books
came
from
the
development
of
words
on
the
stone
often
survive.1.?science
and
technology,
and
can
be
read
online.
Many
people
believe
that
regular
books
will
be
one
day
replaced
by
e-books.
Books
and
e-books
share
lots
of
similarities.
They
are
both
items
created
by
great
minds,2.?You
can
draw
lines
or
highlight
some
details
on
books
or
e-books
as
notes.
The
notes
can
be
kept
for
a
long
time.
3.Firstly,
books
don’t
have
to
be
charged,
while
e-books
need
electricity
if
we
want
to
read
them.
Meanwhile,
spending
too
much
time
reading
e-books
may
do
harm
to
our
eyes.
Moreover,
e-books
don't
share
the
same
weight
when
held
in
the
hand
as
regular
books,
nor
do
they
give
that
sense
of
fulfillment
that
comes
from
finishing
a
thick
book.
However，e-book
devices(设备)are
easy
to
carry.4.
A
disadvantage
of
e-book
devices
is
that
people
tend
to
get
distracted(分心)when
they’re
using
one,
as
many
devices
often
have
apps
or
games
on
them.5.
Whichever
you
prefer,
both
books
and
e-books
are
just
a
way
to
help
us
gain
knowledge
and
get
to
know
other
people
's
experiences.
They
are
both
necessary,
so
it's
too
early
to
say
one
will
disappear.
A.
But
they
have
differences
as
well
B.
They
take
less
space
than
books
C.
Indeed
our
lives
are
formed
by
what
books
we
read
D.
This
is
similar
to
how
the
words
in
books
manage
to
live
on
E.
They
all
have
an
index
to
introduce
the
main
topic
of
each
book
F.
But
with
a
regular
book,
your
mind
is
always
absorbed
in
the
words
G.
Each
individual
can
decide
which
reading
method
is
best
for
them
based
on
their
own
needs
五、阅读理解
Surfing
the
Internet
for
fun
will
make
you
a
better
employee,
according
to
an
Australian
study.
The
University
of
Melbourne
study
shows
that
people
who
use
the
Internet
for
their
own
reasons
at
work
are
about
9
percent
more
productive
than
those
who
do
not.
Study
author
Brent
Coker
said,
"Surfing
the
Internet
at
times
helps
increase
an
employee's
attention."
"People
need
to
relax
for
a
bit
to
get
back
their
attention,"
Coker
said
on
the
university's
website.
"Having
a
short
break,
such
as
a
quick
surfing
of
the
Internet,
helps
the
mind
to
rest
itself,
leading
to
a
higher
total
Internet
attention
for
a
day's
work,
and
as
a
result,
increases
productivity
(生产效率),"
he
said.
According
to
the
study
of
300
workers,
70
percent
of
people
who
use
the
Internet
at
work
surf
the
Internet
for
their
own
reasons
during
office
hours.
Among
the
most
popular
surfing
activities
are
searching
for
information
about
products,
reading
online
news,
playing
online
games
and
watching
videos.
"Firms
spend
a
lot
of
money
on
software
to
block
their
employees
from
watching
videos,
using
social
networking
sites
or
shopping
online,"
said
Coker.
"That's
not
always
a
good
idea."
However,
Coker
said
the
study
looked
at
people
who
surfed
the
Internet
in
moderation
(适度),
or
were
on
the
Internet
for
less
than
20
percent
of
their
total
time
in
the
office.
"Those
who
spend
too
much
time
surfing
the
Internet
will
have
a
lower
productivity
than
those
without."
he
said.
1．What
does
the
University
of
Melbourne
study
mainly
show?
A．People
who
surf
the
Internet
are
good
employees.
B．Not
everyone
surfs
the
Internet
for
fun
during
office
hours.
C．Surfing
the
Internet
for
fun
at
times
during
office
hours
increases
productivity.
D．The
Internet
is
becoming
more
and
more
important
in
people's
life.
2．The
underlined
word
"block"
in
Paragraph
4
means
"______".
A．organize
B．separate
C．protect
D．stop
3．What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．Spending
too
much
time
surfing
the
Internet
reduces
productivity.
B．Those
who
never
surf
the
Internet
have
the
lowest
productivity.
C．Most
people
don't
surf
the
Internet
in
moderation
during
office
hours.
D．People
should
spend
as
little
time
as
possible
surfing
the
Internet.
六、完形填空
Nowadays,
we
find
ourselves
communicating
more
through
online
channels
than
before.
We
take
advantage
of
them,
like
messaging,
social
media
and
video
calls,
often
at
the
1
of
face-to-face
dialogue.
There
are
certain
situations
where
online
communication
is
2
but
others
where
we
use
it
just
because
we
prefer
3
to
a
real-life
conversation,
which
arouses
a
discussion:
is
online
communication
preferable
in
today’s
world?
Firstly,
I’d
like
to
outline
the
4
.
It
opens
up
the
possibility
of
communicating
with
people
in
different
places
as
5
can
take
place
via
video
conferencing
between
Stockholm,
San
Francisco
and
Shanghai
without
taking
6
,
exhausting,
long-distance
business
trips.
Furthermore,
it
enables
long-distance
families
and
friends
to
keep
in
touch
on
a
daily
basis.
Additionally,
written
online
communication
gives
us
the
option
of
responding
either
7
or
at
a
time
that
suits
us
and
allows
us
to
edit
and
8
our
message.
On
the
other
hand,
there
are
several
significant
9
to
over-reliance
on
online
communication.
Some
experts
are
10
that
a
lack
of
face-to-face
interaction
11
the
development
of
vital
social
skills
such
as
reacting
to
real-life
situations.
Also,
the
nature
of
conversation
is
12
in
the
virtual
world.
If
short
messages
with
emotions
13
longer
time
of
direct
conversation
with
emotions
expressed
on
real
faces,
we
are
running
the
risk
of
14
the
art
of
real
conversation.
To
conclude,
online
communication
brings
an
overall
advantage
in
today's
society.
However,
we
shouldn’t
15
the
benefit
of
face-to-face
dialogue.
1．A．beginning
B．expense
C．request
D．risk
2．A．unnecessary
B．meaningful
C．challenging
D．unavoidable
3．A．visual
B．visible
C．virtual
D．vital
4．A．advantages
B．barriers
C．risks
D．possibilities
5．A．payments
B．incidents
C．meetings
D．classes
6．A．time-consuming
B．heart-breaking
C．user-friendly
D．cost-effective
7．A．permanently
B．constantly
C．frequently
D．instantly
8．A．assess
B．polish
C．process
D．shift
9．A．disadvantages
B．puzzles
C．improvements
D．changes
10．A．annoyed
B．curious
C．confident
D．concerned
11．A．crosses
out
B．slows
down
C．turns
up
D．gets
over
12．A．important
B．practical
C．different
D．attractive
13．A．replace
B．remove
C．review
D．revise
14．A．denying
B．misunderstanding
C．losing
D．catching
15．A．emphasize
B．ignore
C．preserve
D．destroy
七、短文改错：
Network
learning
has
increasingly
become
a
important
means
for
people
to
acquire
knowledge
and
solve
problems.
But
being
smart
online
learners
have
its
advantages
and
disadvantages.
First
of
at
all,
as
smart
online
learners,
we
can
make
full
use
of
the
educational
resources
to
broaden
the
horizon.
Beside,
we
can
take
the
initiative（主动）in
our
study
by
yourselves
without
time
and
space
limit.
Of
course,
these
disadvantage
are
as
follows.
Faced
with
all
kinds
of
information
on
the
internet,
we
can't
tell
the
difference
between
the
true
and
the
false,
that
may
be
harmful
to
our
study
and
life.
On
the
other
hand,
online
learning
itself
has
some
imperfections,
make
it
difficult
for
us
not
be
affected.
In
conclusion,
we
should
have
a
well
understanding
of
its
advantages
and
disadvantages
and
find
a
proper
way
to
make
our
study
more
efficient.
参考答案
一、单词拼写
A组：identity
update
database
conference
familiar
charity
author’s
guidelines
function
residents
B组：confirm
button
files
discount
account
clicking
theft
rude
target
case
二、单句语法填空
A组：convenient
beneficial
distance
Inspired
accessible
was
targeted
toughness
in
B组：functions
confirmed
pressure
press
for
rudeness
about
in
embarrassing
with
to
in
of
in
waiting
三、时态填空
1.
2.
has
been
connected
3.
has
been
stopped
4.
has
been
changed
5.
have
been
taught
6.
have
met
7.
has
been
finished
8.
lent
9.
were
expected
10.
have
been
promised
11.
have
been
discovered
12.
have
been
built
13.
has
been
broadcast
14.
have
been
produced
15.
has
been
made
16.
hasn't
been
decided
四、七选五
DEABF
五、阅读理解
1．C
2．D
3．A
六、完形填空
1．B
2．D
3．C
4．A
5．C
6．A
7．D
8．B
9．A
10．D
11．B
12．C
13．A
14．C
15．B
七、短文改错：
1.a→an
2.have→has
3.
去掉at
4.Beside→Besides
5.
yourselves→
ourselves
6.
disadvantage→disadvantages
7.
that→which
8.make
→making
9.not
后加to
10.well→good拓展阅读
TOC
\o
"1-3"
\h
\z
\u
How
the
Internet
may
be
changing
the
brain
1
How
to
Write
a
Blog
Post
5
Online
Security
and
Safety
11
How
the
Internet
may
be
changing
the
brain
互联网如何改变大脑
An
international
team
of
researchers
from
Western
Sydney
University,
Harvard
University,
Kings
College,
Oxford
University
and
University
of
Manchester
have
found
the
Internet
can
produce
both
acute
and
sustained
alterations
in
specific
areas
of
cognition,
which
may
reflect
changes
in
the
brain,
affecting
our
attentional
capacities,
memory
processes,
and
social
interactions.
来自西悉尼大学、哈佛大学、国王学院、牛津大学以及曼彻斯特大学的国际研究团队发现，互联网会对特定的认知区域产生剧烈以及持续的改变。这一影响可能体现在大脑的变化方面。大脑的改变会影响我们的注意力、记忆力以及社交能力。
In
a
first
of
its
kind
review,
published
in
World
Psychiatry
--
the
world's
leading
psychiatric
research
journal,
the
researchers
investigated
leading
hypotheses
on
how
the
Internet
may
alter
cognitive
processes,
and
further
examined
the
extent
to
which
these
hypotheses
were
supported
by
recent
findings
from
psychological,
psychiatric
and
neuroimaging
research.
在首篇出版于全球领先的精神病学研究期刊-《世界精神病学》的报告中，研究人员调查了有关互联网如何改变认知过程的主要假设并进一步详细研究了最近的心理学、精神病学以及神经成像研究报告与这些假设的符合程度。
The
extensive
report,
led
by
Dr
Joseph
Firth,
Senior
Research
Fellow
at
NICM
Health
Research
Institute,
Western
Sydney
University
and
Honorary
Research
Fellow
at
The
University
of
Manchester,
combined
the
evidence
to
produce
revised
models
on
how
the
Internet
could
affect
the
brain's
structure,
function
and
cognitive
development.
由西悉尼大学NICM健康研究院高级研究员、曼彻斯特大学荣誉研究员Dr.
Joseph
Firth教授牵头的、涉及范围广泛的报告将证据组合起来并对互联网如何影响大脑结构、功能以及认知发展的模型进行修改。
"The
key
findings
of
this
report
are
that
high-levels
of
Internet
use
could
indeed
impact
on
many
functions
of
the
brain.
For
example,
the
limitless
stream
of
prompts
and
notifications
from
the
Internet
encourages
us
towards
constantly
holding
a
divided
attention
--
which
then
in
turn
may
decrease
our
capacity
for
maintaining
concentration
on
a
single
task,"
said
Dr
Firth.
Firth博士表示：“报告的关键研究结果是，大量的互联网使用确实可以影响大脑的许多功能。比如，互联网中无限的提示和通知会鼓励我们不断分散注意力并反过来会削弱我们持久专心做一件事的能力。”
"Additionally,
the
online
world
now
presents
us
with
a
uniquely
large
and
constantly-accessible
resource
for
facts
and
information,
which
is
never
more
than
a
few
taps
and
swipes
away.
“此外，仅仅通过敲击几下键盘并滑动鼠标，互联网就可以为我们呈现异常丰富且能够持续获取的事实和信息资源。”
"Given
we
now
have
most
of
the
world's
factual
information
literally
at
our
fingertips,
this
appears
to
have
the
potential
to
begin
changing
the
ways
in
which
we
store,
and
even
value,
facts
and
knowledge
in
society,
and
in
the
brain."
“鉴于现在只要动动手指，我们就可以获得全球绝大多数的信息，这似乎有可能开始改变我们储存，甚至评价社会以及大脑中事实和知识的方法。”
The
recent
introduction
and
widespread
adoption
of
these
online
technologies,
along
with
social
media,
is
also
of
concern
to
some
teachers
and
parents.
The
World
Health
Organization's
2018
guidelines
recommended
that
young
children
(aged
2-5)
should
be
exposed
to
one
hour
per
day,
or
less,
of
screen
time.
However,
the
report
also
found
that
the
vast
majority
of
research
examining
the
effects
of
the
Internet
on
the
brain
has
been
conducted
in
adults
--
and
so
more
research
is
needed
to
determine
the
benefits
and
drawbacks
of
Internet
use
in
young
people.
在线技术的引入以及广泛应用，再加上社交媒体，也会让部分老师和家长产生顾虑。世界卫生组织2018年的指南建议，年龄在2-5岁的幼儿每天观看屏幕的时间应该为1小时或更少。但是，报告还发现，绝大多数研究互联网对大脑影响的研究主要针对成年人进行-因此需要更多研究来检测互联网使用对于儿童的益处和不利影响。
Dr
Firth
says
although
more
research
is
needed,
avoiding
the
potential
negative
effects
could
be
as
simple
as
ensuring
that
children
are
not
missing
out
on
other
crucial
developmental
activities,
such
as
social
interaction
and
exercise,
by
spending
too
much
time
on
digital
devices.
Firth博士表示，尽管需要更多的研究，但是避免潜在不利影响可以和保证孩子不会因为在电子设备上花太多时间而错过其他重要成长活动，比如社交和锻炼一样简单。
"To
help
with
this,
there
are
also
now
a
multitude
of
apps
and
software
programs
available
for
restricting
Internet
usage
and
access
on
smartphones
and
computers
--
which
parents
and
carers
can
use
to
place
some
'family-friendly'
rules
around
both
the
time
spent
on
personal
devices,
and
also
the
types
of
content
engaged
with,"
he
said.
“为了实现这一目的，现在有大量的限制上网和使用智能手机和电脑的app和软件程序。家长和监护人可以使用这些app和软件程序来针对上网时间和所浏览的内容类型设定一些家庭规则。”
"Alongside
this,
speaking
to
children
often
about
how
their
online
lives
affect
them
is
also
important
--
to
hopefully
identify
children
at
risk
of
cyberbullying,
addictive
behaviours,
or
even
exploitation
--
and
so
enabling
timely
intervention
to
avoid
adverse
outcomes."
“除了这些，经常告诉孩子上网将如何对他们产生影响也非常重要-识别遭受网络欺凌、有成瘾行为或甚至非法使用的孩子，并从而及时干预以避免产生不良后果。”
Professor
Jerome
Sarris,
Deputy
Director
and
Director
of
Research
at
NICM
Health
Research
Institute,
Western
Sydney
University
and
senior
author
on
the
report,
is
concerned
over
some
of
the
potential
impacts
of
increasing
Internet
use
on
the
brain.
Jerome
Sarris教授，西悉尼大学NICM健康研究院研究主任兼副主任，报告的资深作者对不断扩大的互联网使用对大脑所产生的部分潜在影响十分关切。
"The
bombardment
of
stimuli
via
the
Internet,
and
the
resultant
divided
attention
commonly
experienced,
presents
a
range
of
concerns,"
said
Professor
Sarris.
Sarris教授表示：“互联网中连珠炮似的刺激以及所导致的注意力分散引起大量的担忧。”
"I
believe
that
this,
along
with
the
increasing
#Instagramification
of
society,
has
the
ability
to
alter
both
the
structure
and
functioning
of
the
brain,
while
potentially
also
altering
our
social
fabric.
“我认为，这一现象，再加上社会不断加强的社交媒体现象都可以改变大脑的结构和功能，并同时会对社会结构产生潜在影响。”
"To
minimize
the
potential
adverse
effects
of
high-intensity
multi-tasking
Internet
usage,
I
would
suggest
mindfulness
and
focus
practice,
along
with
use
of
'Internet
hygiene'
techniques
(e.g.
reducing
online
multitasking,
ritualistic
'checking'
behaviors,
and
evening
online
activity,
while
engaging
in
more
in-person
interactions),"
said
Professor
Sarris.
Sarris教授表示：“为了在最大程度减少高强度多重任务的互联网使用所带来的潜在不利影响，我建议正念和专注练习，并同时采用‘互联网卫生’技巧（比如减少线上多重任务、仪式化的‘检查’行为，甚至是在线活动，同时进行更多的面对面互动）”。
Co-author
and
director
of
the
digital
psychiatry
program
at
Beth
Israel
Deaconess
Medical
Center
and
a
clinical
fellow
at
Harvard
Medical
School,
Dr
John
Torous
added:
"The
findings
from
this
paper
highlight
how
much
more
we
have
to
learn
about
the
impact
of
our
digital
world
on
mental
health
and
brain
health.
There
are
certainly
new
potential
benefits
for
some
aspects
of
health,
but
we
need
to
balance
them
against
potential
risks."
贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心数字精神病学项目的合著者兼主任，哈佛大学医学院的临床研究员John
Torous博士补充表示：“这一研究报告的结果强调了我们还需要了解的、数字世界对精神健康以及大脑健康的影响。数字世界对于健康的某些方面肯定有潜在的益处，但是我们也需要在潜在益处和潜在危害之间保持平衡。”
Oxford
research
fellow
and
study
co-author,
Dr
Josh
Firth
added:
"It's
clear
the
Internet
has
drastically
altered
the
opportunity
for
social
interactions,
and
the
contexts
within
which
social
relationships
can
take
place.
So,
it's
now
critical
to
understand
the
potential
for
the
online
world
to
actually
alter
our
social
functioning,
and
determine
which
aspects
of
our
social
behavior
will
change,
and
which
won't."
牛津研究学者和研究合著者Josh
Firth教授补充表示：“显然，互联网给社交机遇以及社交关系形成的背景带来了巨大的改变。因此，了解互联网世界实际改变我们社交功能的潜能并判断我们的哪些社会行为会发现改变以及哪些不会十分重要。”
How
to
Write
a
Blog
Post
(?http:?/??/?www.?/??)
In
our
current
digital
age,
blogging
is
a
great
way
to
reach
a
wide
audience
of
readers.
Maybe
you
want
to
blog
about
your
love
of
cats,
or
the
most
recent
presidential
debate.
Or
maybe
you
are
blogging
to
promote
a
product
on
social
media.
Whatever
the
reason,
a
good
blog
post
takes
time
to
craft
and
get
just
right
so
it
will
be
worth
reading.
Part
1
Determining
Your
Writing
Style
1
Research
other
blogs
that
are
similar
to
your
blog.?Get
some
ideas
for
your
own
blog
by
noting
interesting
and
compelling
details
in
other
people’s
blogs.
If
anything,
you’ll
also
be
able
to
determine
what
you
don’t
like
about
someone's
blog!
For
example,
if
you’re
creating
a
home
and?food
blog
(?http:?/??/?www.?/?"
\o
"Start
a
Food
Blog?),
scroll
through
other
popular
home
and
food
blogs.
Notice
the
layout,
content,
and
images
on
the
other
blogs.
Pay
attention
to
how
long
the
posts
are,
the
frequency
of
the
posts,
the
writing
style,
and
the
subject
matter.
If
you’re
creating
a
business
blog,
look
at
how
other
sites
approach
a
certain
business
topic.
Also,
note
if
the
site
has
an
active
comments
board
and
how
often
the
writers
respond
to
reader
comments.
2
Consider
who
you’re
writing
to,
or
your
audience.?The
language
you
use
and
the
style
of
your
writing
will
shift
based
on
who
you
are
writing
the
blog
post
for.
If
you
are
writing
for
a
personal
blog
meant
for
only
close
friends
and
family,
you
can
likely
be
as
honest
or
casual
as
you’d
like.
You
also
won’t
need
to
explain
that
Toby
is
your
4-year-old
son
or
Baxter
is
your
cat.
Treat
a
personal
blog
like
a
conversation.
Write
like
you
are
chatting
with
a
close
friend
or
family
member.
Avoid
jargon,
complicated
sentences,
or
cliches.
The
reader
wants
to
feel
like
they
are
getting
to
know
you,
so
don’t
be
afraid
to
put
your
unique
voice
front
and
center.
If
you
are
writing
for
a
personal
blog
that
is
meant
for
a
larger
audience,
you
can
still
write
casually
and
honestly.
But
you
may
need
to
include
references,
a
glossary,
or
explanations
to
ensure
your
readers
can
follow
along.
Though
business
blogs
or
marketing
blogs
may
be
a
bit
more
formal,
they
should
still
have
a
conversational
tone.
Above
all,
you
want
to
avoid
confusing
or
boring
the
reader.
For
a
business
or
marketing
blog,
think
about
what
your
readers
expect
from
your
blog.
Are
you
providing
information
to
your
readers/buyers?
Are
you
trying
to
persuade
them
to
buy
a
certain
product?
It’s
also
important
to
think
about
the
information
your
readers
already
have.
If
the
majority
of
your
readers
are
Millennials
looking
to
start
their
own
business,
you
probably
don’t
need
to
provide
information
about
how
to
use
social
media.
But
you
may
want
to
give
them
information
on
how
to
adjust
their
approach
to
social
media
to
be
more
business-savvy.
3
Think
about
what
you
can
say
differently
about
a
certain
topic
or
issue.?Consider
what
you
can
write
about
that
is
different
from
what
everyone
else
is
saying.
An
effective
blog
post
offers
unique
information
to
the
reader,
whether
it's
an
opinion,
experience,
or
guide.
For
example,
you
are
writing
a
blog
post
about
how
to
make
chocolate
cake
on
your
personal
food
blog.
Of
course,
there
are
many
recipes
for
chocolate
cake
online.
So
what
makes
your
recipe
stand
out?
Are
you
adding
interesting
ingredients
like
salt
or
candy?
Or
are
you
using
a
unique
technique
to
make
the
chocolate
cake?
Part
2
Creating
an
Introduction
1
Choose
your
topic.?This
can
be
as
general
or
specific
as
you’d
like.
But
keep
in
mind,
more
specific
blog
posts
are
usually
the
most
effective.
If
you
are
writing
a
personal
blog
about
fashion,
you
may
want
to
consider
a
fashion
issue
or
problem
you
are
interested
in
discussing.
This
could
be
the
lack
of
nice
clothing
for
plus
size
women,
the
neon
fall
trend
that
won’t
go
away,
or
even
your
struggle
with
finding
the
right
pair
of
jeans.
If
you
are
writing
a
business
blog,
you
may
want
to
focus
on
a
particular
aspect
of
your
business
that
might
be
interesting
to
your
customers.
For
example,
if
you
run
a
retail
camera
store,
you
may
want
to
talk
about
the
latest
camera
releases,
or
a
more
specific
topic
like
your
favorite
digital
camera
on
the
market.
2
Come
up
with
a
title.
If
you
are
stuck
on
a
title,
try
to
narrow
down
the
title
so
it
is
specific
to
the
blog
post.
Don’t
be
afraid
to
have
a
bold
title.
The
title
is
the
first
thing
the
reader
will
see
on
your
blog,
so
make
it
attention
grabbing.
It
may
be
better
to
have
a
simple
title,
rather
than
a
complicated
or
confusing
one.
Though
you
may
want
to
be
snappy
or
witty,
often
titles
that
are
clear
and
easy
to
read
are
the
most
effective.
For
example,
a
blog
post
on
your
food
blog
about
a
chocolate
cake
recipe
could
have
the
title
like:
“My
Amazing
Salted
Chocolate
Cake
Recipe”.
A
blog
post
about
finding
the
perfect
pair
of
jeans
could
be:
“Blue
Jean
Blues:
Finding
the
Perfect
Pair”.
Or
something
shorter
and
simpler,
like:
“My
Search
for
the
Perfect
Pair
of
Jeans.”
If
you
are
writing
a
blog
post
on
your
favorite
camera
on
the
market,
you
could
use
a
title
like:
“The
Best
Point
and
Shoots
Out
Right
Now”.
Or
something
more
formal
like:
“My
Top
Ten
Best
Digital
Cameras
on
the
Market”.
3
Write
a
captivating
opening.?This
is
the
hook
that
will
get
people
to
start
reading.
In
fact,
it's
proven
that
if
you
get
people
to
read
the
first
3-4
sentences,
they
are
more
likely
to
read
the
rest
of
the
post.?Writing
a
grabbing
opening
sentence
and
paragraph
can
be
difficult,
so
try
these
techniques:
Identify
a
need.
Think
about
what
problems
or
issues
the
reader
would
want
to
solve.
Create
an
opening
line
that
promises
to
answer
this
need.
For
example,
on
your
food
blog,
you
identify
a
need
for
your
reader
to
learn
how
to
properly
ice
a
cake.
Your
opening
sentences
could
be:
“We’ve
all
been
there.
Your
child’s
birthday
is
set
to
start
in
an
hour,
but
you
can’t
figure
out
how
to
ice
the
triple
layer
chocolate
cake.”
Ask
an
intriguing
question.
Use
a
question
that
leaves
little
room
for
the
reader
to
respond
with
anything
but
“yes”.
Make
the
question
seem
interesting
enough
to
the
reader.
For
example,
on
your
camera
blog,
you
could
begin
with:
“Looking
for
a
digital
camera
that
produces
top
quality
images,
but
doesn’t
weigh
a
ton?
Ready
to
switch
to
a
point
and
shoot,
but
shopping
on
a
budget?”
Say
something
unexpected.
But
make
sure
it
still
relates
to
the
topic
of
your
post.
This
could
be
a
unique
statement
or
phrase
that
you
haven’t
used
often
on
your
blog.
The
idea
is
to
jolt
the
reader
into
paying
attention.
For
example,
if
you
often
talk
about
cakes
or
cookies
on
your
food
blog,
begin
a
post
on
pies
with:
“Okay
readers,
it’s
time
for
me
to
do
something
radically
different
on
here.
I
give
you:
lemon
meringue
pie.”
Make
a
claim
or
promise.
This
technique
works
well
for
business
blogs
that
are
selling
a
product
or
providing
product
information
to
their
readers.
Just
make
sure
you
can
back
up
your
claim
with
solid
content.
For
example,
the
camera
post
could
begin
with:
“Today,
I
am
going
to
help
you
buy
the
best
digital
camera
you
have
ever
owned.”
Part
3
Creating
the
Meat
of
the
Post
1
Organize
your
content.?Sometimes
a
specific
topic
can
lead
to
pages
and
pages
of
relevant
information.
But
most
online
readers
have
short
attention
spans
and
likely
won’t
spend
hours
pouring
over
your
blog
post.
Work
on
saying
the
most
you
can
in
the
fewest
words.
Create
an
outline
for
the
post.
Break
the
topic
down
into
sections,
short
paragraphs,
or
subtitles.
If
you
are
writing
a
blog
post
with
a
recipe,
you
may
want
to
create
a
separate
section
for
the
recipe
and
then
a
separate
section
with
the
directions.
Or
if
you
are
writing
a
post
with
a
list,
use
numbers
to
organize
the
content.
Download
free
blog
post
templates
online,
which
are
pre-organized
based
on
the
most
common
blog
post
types.
2
Draw
on
outside
sources
and
content.?Many
readers
will
approach
your
blog
post
with
skepticism.
Particularly
if
you
make
a
claim
like
“the
most
amazing
chocolate
cake
ever”
or
“the
best
digital
cameras”.
So
don’t
be
afraid
to
use
outside
sources
or
content
to
back
up
your
claim.
You
could
include
customer
testimonials,
expert
quotes
and
industry
research
or
data.
You
could
also
include
a
seconding
of
your
claim
from
another
blogger
who
is
considered
an
expert
or
tastemaker
in
the
eyes
of
your
audience.
3
Break
down
the
topic.?Give
your
reader
practical,
easy
to
apply
advice
or
information.
Avoid
wishy-washy
content
or
vague
sentences.
If
you
are
writing
a
blog
post
with
a
recipe,
breakdown
each
step
in
the
recipe.
Explain
how
the
reader
can
whisk
the
eggs,
combine
the
wet
and
dry
ingredients,
or
place
the
cake
in
the
oven.
Be
specific
and
go
through
each
step
in
a
logical
order.
If
you
are
writing
a
more
opinionated
post,
like
the
best
ten
digital
cameras,
back
up
each
camera
with
a
personal
note
about
your
experience
with
each
camera.
Include
your
reasons
why
each
camera
is
worth
the
reader’s
attention.
Keep
the
content
concise
and
to
the
point.?A
blog
post
does
not
need
to
be
a
short
novel,
or
a
guide
to
solving
all
the
reader’s
problems.
Avoid
packing
in
too
much
information
into
one
blog
post.
Remember
that
your
blog
has
an
unlimited
amount
of
space
for
posts
and
images.
So
don’t
be
afraid
to
focus
on
one
aspect
of
a
topic
and
then
expand
on
another
aspect
in
another
blog
post.
Part
4
Wrapping
Up
and
Editing
Include
a
call
to
action.?Get
your
reader
involved
in
the
blog
post
by
asking
them
a
direct
question
at
the
end
of
the
post,
such
as:
“what
do
you
think
about
this
recipe?”
You
can
also
include
a
“tweet
this
quote”
option
on
a
quote
from
the
post,
or
add
a
share
button
for
Facebook
or
Twitter.
Add
tags.?Tags
are
keywords
that
describe
a
post.
They
allow
the
reader
to
browse
for
related
content
on
your
blog
and
encourage
your
reader
to
read
other
posts
on
your
site.
Think
of
tags
as
keywords,
terms,
or
categories
that
relate
to
the
post.
Avoid
a
laundry
list
of
terms
and
only
include
terms
that
apply
to
the
topic
of
the
post.
Add
a
feature
image.?Images
are
a
good
way
to
keep
the
reader
engage
and
to
break
up
any
long
chunks
of
text.
Don’t
go
too
image
crazy
though.
Use
one
or
two
high
quality
images
that
relate
to
the
topic
of
the
post.
Focus
on
images
that
look
interesting,
are
easy
to
understand,
and
trigger
an
emotion
in
the
reader.
4
Revise
the
post.?Reread
and
edit
the
post
for
any
grammatical
errors.
Make
sure
you
have
covered
the
topic
in
detail
and
are
offering
a
new
perspective
on
a
familiar
question
or
current
issues.
If
you
are
writing
a
personal
blog
post,
it
may
be
useful
to
read
the
post
out
loud.
That
way
you
can
check
that
the
voice
sounds
natural
and
casual.
Part
5
Maintaining
the
Blog
Post
1
Publish
the
post
at
the
right
time.?Based
on
your
readership,
it
may
make
more
sense
to
publish
the
article
at
a
certain
time
of
day
or
during
the
week.
This
will
ensure
you
publish
the
post
when
your
readers
are
already
online.
Most
blog
experts
argue
that
posts
published
on
weekdays
will
get
more
exposure
and
traffic
than
posts
published
on
weekends.
Public
holidays
are
also
not
the
best
times
for
publishing
a
post
as
web
traffic
is
usually
already
down
during
these
times.
Figure
out
the
best
time
of
day
for
you
to
publish
posts
by
testing
out
different
publishing
times
with
your
audience.
2
Update
the
post.?Blogs
that
attract
the
most
readers
are
the
ones
with
frequent
updates.
Spend
time
updating
the
post
and
adding
to
it
so
it
remains
fresh
in
your
reader’s
minds.
If
you
are
updating
your
blog
on
a
daily,
weekly,
or
monthly
basis,
keep
it
consistent
so
your
readers
know
when
to
look
for
new
content
on
your
blog.
3
Respond
to
reader
comments.?The
best
way
to
build
your
readership
is
to
maintain
an
active
comments
board.
Show
your
readers
you
care
about
their
thoughts
by
responding
to
their
comments
and
starting
a
dialogue.
Responding
to
reader
comments
also
allows
other
readers
to
have
conversations
with
each
other
on
your
blog.
This
builds
reader
loyalty,
and
creates
a
space
where
readers
feel
like
they
can
talk
and
“belong”.
It
also
gives
the
content
of
the
post
more
depth
by
including
other
opinions
and
impressions
from
readers.
Related
Questions
1.Does
a
blog
have
to
be
about
one
topic?
No,
it
can
be
about
anything
and
everything.
Many
people
like
"untethered"
blogs,
because
it
gives
them
something
completely
different
each
time.
2.How
long
does
my
blog
post
have
to
be?
As
long
as
you
want.
If
you
want
shorter
blog
posts,
you
can
try
to
aim
for
250+
words
or
similar.
If
you
want
to
cover
a
few
different
features
in-depth,
you
can
a)
put
them
into
their
own
separate
posts,
or
b)
try
to
aim
for
800+
words
or
similar.
However,
if
you
can
use
less
words
that
what
you're
aiming
for
and
still
have
the
basic
gist
in
your
message,
go
for
it!
Shorter
blog
posts
are
actually
better
most
of
the
time,
as
people
don't
have
much
time.
Online
Security
and
Safety
Scammers
may
try
to
use
the
Internet
to
steal
your
personal
information
or
trick
you
into
sending
them
money.
So
learn
how
to
stay
safe
online.
Internet
Fraud
Scam
artists
defraud
millions
of
people
each
year
by
using
Internet
services
or
software.
These
scams
trick
victims
into
sending
money
or
giving
out
personal
information.
That’s
why
it’s
important
to
protect
yourself
and
to?report
Internet
fraud
(?http:?/??/?www.?/??)?if
you
have
been
victimized.
Online
safety
Learn
about
Internet
safety
and
advice
you
can
give
to
your
child
to
ensure
they
maintain
safety
when
on
the
Internet.
The
Internet
and
social
media
are
part
of
the
lives
of
many
people
and
provide
them
with
the
opportunity
to
meet
and
communicate
with
people
from
all
over
the
world.
However,
online
technology
and
new
modes
of
communication
have
also
been
used
by
predators
and
sex
offenders
to
exploit
and
harm
children.
While
the
Internet
generally
offers
great
opportunities
for
children
to
learn
and
play,
there
are
some
areas
of
cyberspace
that
are
not
appropriate.
Parents
need
to
ensure
children
are
actively
supervised
when
using
the
Internet,
particularly
time
spent
chatting
online.
Steps
for
improving
your
child's
safety
You
can
improve
your
child's
safety
by:
1.
sitting
down
with
your
children
and
discuss
the
issues.
2.
making?sure
children
are
aware
of
some
of
the
issues
involved
with
spending
time
on
the
Internet.
3.
showing
children
what
sites
they
can
go
to
and
what
information
they
can
send
out.
4.
being
aware
of
the
programs
and
files
children
use.
5.
installing
filtering
software
on
computers
used
by
young
people.
6.
being
aware
of
the
programs
and
files
that
are
on
your
family's
computers.
7.
placing?the
computer
in
a
public
area
of
the
home,
such
as
a
living
room.
8.
ensuring?you
are
able
to
access
your
child's
email
and
randomly
check
the
contents.
9.
checking
your
phone
bill
for
unusual
outgoing
calls
or
consider
using
a
'caller
ID'
device
to
identify
incoming
calls.
10.
discussing
online
safety
with
your
child's
school,
public
library
or
anywhere
that
you
believe
your
child
accesses
the
Internet.
Risk
signs
If?your
child
has
been
targeted
by
an
online
predator
you
may
see
the
following
signs.
These
include:
finding
pornography
on
your
child's
computer.
1.
your
child
receiving
phone
calls
from
people
you
do
not
know
or
your
child?calling
numbers
you
do
not
recognize.
2.
your
child
spending
a
large
amount
of
time
on
the
Internet.
3.
your
child
receiving
gifts
or
mail
from
people
you
do
not
know.
4.
your
child
changing?the
screen
or
turning?the
computer
off?when
you
enter
the
room.
5.
your
child
becoming
withdrawn
or
displaying
behavioral
problems.
Advice
for
your
children
It
is
advisable
to
tell
your
children:
1.
not
to
send
a
picture
of
themselves
to
someone
they
do
not
know.
2.
to
never
place
a
full
profile
and
picture
of
themselves
anywhere
on
the
Internet.
3.
if
they
are
using
a
Facebook
page
or
similar,
to
block?everyone's
access
to
the
page
and
only
allow?friends
to
have
access
to
their
profile.
4.
to
never
give
out
personal
information
including
their
name,
home
address,
phone
number
or
school.
5.
to
never
arrange
a
face-to-face
meeting
with
someone
they
have
chatted
with
on
the
Internet.时文阅读
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高科技！东京羽田机场新增智能电动轮椅
1
数字技术所带来的不良影响
2
孩子使用手机的年龄大大提前
3
使用社交媒体越久可能越孤独
5
高科技！东京羽田机场新增智能电动轮椅
It
is
called
a
mobility（移动性）system
or
wheelchair
—
and
it
can
be
seen
at
Tokyo
Airport
moving
on
its
own.
The
mobility
system
seats
one
person
and
is
able
to
find
its
way
on
its
own
without
hitting
anything.
It
has
a
pre-programmed
path
of
about
600
meters
at
Tokyo’s
Haneda
International
Airport.
The
ride
lasts
several
minutes.
It
travels
from
the
security
area
to
the
boarding
gate
at
a
speed
of
3.5
kilometers
per
hour.
But
many
people
hope
this
type
of
technology
can
help
in
other
places,
such
as
hospitals
or
parks.
The
technology
uses
sensors（传感器）and
cameras
to
see
a
clear
path
and
avoid
hitting
those
walking
toward
it.
The
person
on
the
machine
can
start
or
stop
it
through
a
simple
controller.
It
runs
on
batteries
and
is
programmed
to
return
to
where
it
started
from
when
its
passenger
gets
off.
It
was
demonstrated
on
Monday
by
WHILL,
the
company
behind
the
technology.
WHILL
Chief
Executive
Satoshi
Sugie
said
robotics
and
self-driving
technology
reduce
the
need
for
a
human
at
the
wheel.
They
are
especially
useful
in
these
difficult
times
when
we
are
living
with
the
?coronavirus（冠状病毒）.
“We
are…developing
our
business
in
order
to
help
restore
a
world
where
people
can
enjoy
moving
around
with
peace
of
mind,”
Sugie
said.
The
system
is
helping
with
social
distancing
while
fighting
the
spread
of
the
coronavirus.
It
also
helps
older
passengers
and
those
who
need
help
walking
the
last
few
steps
to
the
boarding
gate.
What’s
more,
it
could
help
Japan
free
up
labor.
Japan,
like
many
other
nations,
suffers
from
a
labor
shortage.
The
technology
could
free
a
worker
to
do
another
job.
Tests
have
been
carried
out
at
several
airports
since
last
year,
including
John
F.
Kennedy
International
Airport
in
New
York.
The
company
hopes
to
put
it
in
airports
around
the
world.
1.?What
is
special
about
the
mobility
system?
A.
It
produces
no
pollution.
B.
It
works
by
solar
energy.???
C.
It
needs
no
help
at
the
airport.
D.
It
adjusts
the
speed
to
the
path.
2.
What
does
Satoshi
Sugie
think
of
the
wheelchair?
A.
It
is
useless
to
some
people.
B.
It
deserves
to
be
widely
used.
???
C.?It
needs
to
be
further
tested.??
D.
It
may
not
work
well
in
other
places.
3.
What
is
paragraph
4
mainly
about?
A.
Various
difficulties
of
boarding.?
B.
New
treatment
for
the
coronavirus.
?
C.
The
reasons
for
a
labor
shortage.?
D.
The
advantages
of
the
mobility
system.
4.
In
which
section
of
a
magazine
may
this
text
appear?
A.
Sports
and
music.
B.
Business
and
culture.
C.
Science
and
technology.
D.
Geography
and
history.
数字技术所带来的不良影响
People
think
that
smartphones
and
laptops
are
evidence
of
progress.
A
certain
amount
of
online
searching,
for
instance,
can
be
good
for
your
brain,
and
there
are
apps
that
can
promote
brain
functions.
Yet
technology
advancements
also
come
with
some
unintended
consequences.
Studies
have
shown
that
blue-enriched
light
from
electronic
things
like
smartphones
can
disturb
the
body’s
internal
clock
and
make
it
impossible
for
you
to
stick
to
a
proper
sleep
schedule.
Losing
sleep
has
negative
effects
on
your
brain,
such
as
bad
moods,
decreased
attention
and
problems
of
memory.
Technology
makes
it
much
easier
to
get
distracted.
For
example,
you
step
away
from
an
important
project
to
check
your
smartphone.
Teens,
in
particular,
are
more
distracted
than
ever.
A
recent
survey
of
2,400
teachers
found
that
most
educators
feel
students
are
more
distracted
than
previous
generations.
Some
64
percent
agreed
with
the
idea
that
today’s
digital
technology
does
more
to
distract
students
than
to
help
them
academically.
And
technology
makes
people
much
more
forgetful
than
they
used
to
be.
The
new
generation
are
actually
more
likely
to
forget
what
day
it
is
or
where
they
put
their
keys
than
people
over
the
age
of
55,
according
to
a
Trending
Machine
survey.
In
a
press
about
the
survey,
Jo
Patricia,
a
doctor,
said
technology
was
to
blame.
“This
is
a
generation
that
has
grown
up
multitasking
by
using
technology
and
is
often
accompanied
by
lack
of
sleep,
which
results
in
high
levels
of
forgetfulness,”
she
said.
People
who
rely
on
GPS
to
get
around
have
less
activity
in
the
hippo
campus,
an
area
of
the
brain
involved
in
both
memory
and
direction.
A
study
from
the
University
of
London
even
found
that
taxi
drivers
had
a
more
developed
hippocampus
(海马，大脑记忆核心部分)
than
non-taxi
drivers
—
because
they
are
so
accustomed
to
using
spatial
(空间的)
memory,
rather
than
relying
on
GPS.
Now
that
you’re
probably
terrified
of
the
effects
of
technology,
let
us
remind
you
that
you
do
have
the
power
to
prevent
it.
Just
log
off
every
once
in
a
while!
1．How
does
technology
affect
students
according
to
teachers?
A．It
upsets
the
new
generation.
B．It
makes
students
more
forgetful.
C．It
takes
the
students’
attention
away.
D．It
fails
to
aid
students
with
their
lessons.
2．What
is
Jo
Patricia’s
attitude
towards
technology?
A．Negative.
B．Objective.
C．Optimistic.
D．Conservative.
3．Why
do
taxi
drivers
have
a
more
developed
hippocampus?
A．Because
they
mainly
rely
on
GPS.
B．Because
they
do
more
mental
exercise.
C．Because
they
use
spatial
memory
more.
D．Because
they
have
a
better
sense
of
balance.
4．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A．Surveys
conducted
in
a
school.
B．Apps
used
to
promote
memory.
C．Progress
made
in
electronic
products.
D．Harmful
effects
brought
by
technology.
孩子使用手机的年龄大大提前
A
new
study
has
found
that
more
than
30
percent
of
babies
as
young
as
6
months
old
are
using
smartphones.
The
survey
asked
parents
twenty
questions
about
when
their
children
were
first
exposed
to
mobile
media
devices.
What
makes
everyone
so
alarmed
is
that
the
study
has
found
that
children
are
being
exposed
to
mobile
devices
earlier
than
ever
before.
But
before
we
all
jump
on
the
judgment
train,
let’s
stop
and
think
about
how
much
more
ubiquitous
smartphones
are
now
than
they
were
even
five
years
ago.
It’s
not
that
parents
have
gotten
lazier,
which
some
reporters
have
suggested.
It’s
that
more
parents
have
access
to
smartphones
that
they
can
use
to
show
family
pictures
to
entertain
a
baby
or
play
music
that
a
toddler
can
dance
with.
What
the
study
didn’t
address
was
how
much
time
these
babies
are
spending
looking
at
smartphones.
Nor
did
it
assess
what
these
babies
are
looking
at.
Is
it
5
minutes
of
music
in
the
grocery
store
while
Mom
or
Dad
gets
the
food
into
the
cart?
Or
is
it
30
minutes
of
watching
videos
while
a
parent
sacks
out
on
the
couch?
There
is
a
big
difference
between
the
two
scenarios
(场景).
By
the
numbers,
the
study
found
that
among
babies
younger
than
1
year
old,
52
percent
had
watched
television
on
mobile
devices,
36
percent
had
been
allowed
to
scroll
the
screen,
15
percent
had
used
apps
and
12
percent
had
played
video
games.
Around
25
percent
of
kids
had
already
called
someone
at
this
age.
The
American
Academy
of
Pediatrics
frowns
upon
any
screen
time
for
children
under
the
age
of
two.
But
I
don’t
think
we
need
to
necessarily
panic.
I
did
not
have
a
smartphone
when
my
girls
were
this
age
but
I
can
tell
you
right
now
that
if
I
had
owned
one,
there
would
have
been
many
occasions
when
I
would
have
gladly
handed
over
my
phone
to
play
music
or
a
video
or
even
a
video
game
if
it
would
have
calmed
a
screaming
baby.
They
would
have
turned
out
just
fine.
1．What
would
be
the
answer
to
one
of
the
questions
according
to
the
study?
A．Some
babies
use
smartphones
very
early.
B．Smartphones
bring
children
convenience.
C．Children
are
clever
enough
to
use
electronic
devices.
D．Science
and
technology
are
developing
rapidly.
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“ubiquitous”
mean?
A．Unique.
B．Uncommon.
C．Non-existent.
D．Universal.
3．Two
questions
are
asked
in
Paragraph
3
in
order
to
tell
us
________.
A．babies
can
use
smartphones
as
they
like
B．watching
videos
is
interesting
for
babies
C．it
doesn’t
matter
what
babies
are
looking
at
D．using
smartphones
too
long
is
improper
for
babies
4．Which
of
the
following
does
the
author
agree
with
about
the
babies
under
1
year
old?
A．Nearly
half
of
them
had
used
apps
on
smartphones.
B．Half
of
them
had
watched
television
on
smartphones.
C．About
a
quarter
of
them
had
made
a
telephone
call
to
others.
D．None
of
them
had
been
allowed
to
use
smartphones.
使用社交媒体越久可能越孤独
If
you
use
social
media
to
get
rid
of
loneliness,
a
new
study
suggests
that
you're
going
against
the
grain.
We
may
have
heard
a
lot
about
the
benefits
of
interacting
with
others
online,
but
the
findings
of
a
study
conducted
by
scientists
from
the
University
of
Pittsburgh
School
of
Medicine
show
a
direct
relationship
between
social
media
usage
and
feelings
of
isolation（孤独）.
In
short,
the
more
time
you
spend
on
social
media,
the
lonelier
you
may
feel.
With
increasing
usage
of
a
large
number
of
apps
that
allow
for
endless
virtual
connectivity,
loneliness
seems
like
the
last
problem
social
media
users
would
face,
but
according
to
Brain
A．Primack,
the
leader
of
the
study,
it
has
the
exact
opposite
effect.
“Mental
health
problems
and
social
isolation
are
widespread
among
young
adults
nowadays.”
Primack
said,
“We
are
naturally
social
creatures,
but
modem
life
tends
to
separate
us
instead
of
bringing
us
together.
While
it
may
seem
that
social
media
provide
opportunities
to
fill
the
social
void
(空白)
,
I
think
this
study
suggests
that
it
may
not
be
the
solution
people
were
hoping
for.”
Primack
and
his
team
examined
the
social
media
habits
of
1,787
U.S.
adults
aged
between
19
and
32
via
a
questionnaire
(问卷）that
asked
about
how
often
and
how
long
they
visit
the
most
popular
social
media
platforms.
Eventually,
they
determined
that
young
adults
who
are
constantly
logging
in
social
media
are
lonelier
than
those
with
less
social
media
usage.
Frequent
exposure
(接触)
to
unrealistic
descriptions
on
social
media
instead
of
face-to-face
social
interactions
may
give
people
the
impression
that
others
are
living
happier,
and
this
may
make
users
feel
lonelier
in
comparison.
1．What
does
the
underlined
phrase
"going
against
the
grain"
in
paragraph
1
mean?
A．Doing
it
all
wrong.
B．On
the
way
to
success.
C．Taking
a
risk.
D．Making
a
difference.
2．How
did
Primack
and
his
team
carry
out
the
study?
A．By
investigating
the
opinions
of
some
adults.
B．By
collecting
data
online.
C．By
providing
explanations.
D．By
describing
their
own
experiences.
3．What
can
we
learn
from
the
study?
A．You
will
feel
happier
if
you
spend
more
time
online.
B．Online
interaction
is
not
the
solution
to
social
isolation.
C．Virtual
connectivity
is
the
best
way
to
fill
the
social
void.
D．Popular
social
media
platforms
can
bond
people
together.
4．What
does
the
text
mainly
tell
us?
A．Loneliness
leads
to
frequent
social
media
usage.
B．Face-to-face
social
interactions
are
on
the
way
out.
C．Social
media
do
users
more
harm
than
good.
D．Social
media
might
make
loneliness
worse.
参考答案
1、
CBDC
2、
CACD
3、
ADDC
4、
AABD现在完成时
现在完成时(主动形式have/has
done，被动形式have/has
been
done)
概念：
1.表示某动作发生在过去，强调其对现在的影响。此时用短暂性动词。标志词：already,
just,
yet,
never,
before,
2.
表示某动作从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在。此时用延续性动词。标志词：lately,
recently,
in
the
past/last
few
days/years,
since
then,
up
to
now,
so
far;
since+时间点；for+时间段；
基本结构（以主动形式为例）：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）
考点：
考点一：for
+
时间段；since
+
时间点
They
have
lived
in
Beijing
for
five
years.
They
have
lived
in
Beijing
since
1995.
I
have
learned
English
for
ten
years.
Since
用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I
have
lived
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
I
have
lived
here
since
I
was
born.
My
aunt
has
worked
in
a
clinic
since
1949.
Some
new
oilfields
have
been
opened
up
since
1976.
I
have
known
Xiao
Li
since
she
was
a
little
girl.
My
brother
has
been
in
the
Youth
League
for
two
years.
I
have
not
heard
from
my
uncle
for
a
long
time.
注意：并非有for
作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I
worked
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I
have
worked
here
for
many
years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1)　(对)
Tom
has
studied
Russian
for
three
years.
=
Tom
began
to
study
Russian
three
years
ago,
and
is
still
studying
it
now.
2)　(错)
Harry
has
got
married
for
six
years.
=
Harry
began
to
get
married
six
years
ago,
and
is
still
getting
married
now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为
Harry
got
married
six
years
ago.
或
Harry
has
been
married
for
six
years.
考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately,
recently,
just,
already,
yet,
up
to
now;
till
now;
so
far,
these
days
Has
it
stopped
raining
yet?
考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in
the
past
few
years/months/weeks/days,
over
the
past
few
years,
during
the
last
three
months,
for
the
last
few
centuries,
through
centuries,
throughout
history
等
In
the
past
30
years
China
has
made
great
advances
in
socialist
construction.
考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在
“It
is
the
best
(worst,
most
interesting
)
+名词＋that”
后面用现在完成时。
This
is
my
first
time
that
I
have
visited
China.
That
is
the
only
book
that
he
has
written.
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
I
have
ever
seen.
现在完成时的被动语态
主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态是指说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，但主语是行为动作的承受者。例如：
Much
has
been
written
about
the
wonders
of
the
World
Wide
Web.（被动）
People
have
written
much
about
the
wonders
of
the
World
Wide
Web.（主动）
Jan’s
life
has
been
greatly
improved
by
the
Internet.
（被动）
The
Internet
has
greatly
improved
Jan’s
life.
（主动）
一、现在完成时的被动语态的转变规则
1.
把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.
把谓语变成被动结构（have/has
been+v-ed）。
3.
把主动语态的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，将主格
改为宾格。
例句：They
have
washed
the
dirty
clothes.
→The
dirty
clothes
have
been
washed
(by
them).
The
experts
have
studied
the
plan
for
three
times.
→The
plan
has
been
studied
by
the
experts
for
three
times.
二、现在完成时的被动语态的结构形式
例句：Two
windows
have
been
broken.
The
car
has
not
been
repaired.
Has
her
work
been
finished?
Who
has
been
invited?
三、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法
1.
表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响或结果，经常与一些副词连用，如already,
ever,
never,
recently,
lately,
just,
yet等。例句：
Tom’s
novel
has
not
yet
been
published.
汤姆的小说还没有出版。
2.
表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How
long
...?句型中。例句：
She
has
been
told
about
it
for
many
times.
有人告诉她这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉她）
四、现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.
过去分词前的助动词形式，即
have/has+been，两者缺一不可。
2.
注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例句：
The
house
was
built
last
year.
这个房子去年建好了。
The
house
has
been
built.
We
can
move
in.
这个房子已经建好了。我们可以搬进去。
3.
由finish,
buy,
start,
begin,
post,
return,
borrow,
join,
marry,
open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for
four
days,
how
long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例句：
译：这个花瓶买了多久了？
误：How
long
has
this
vase
been
bought?
正：How
long
ago
was
this
vase
bought?
但这类动词的否定式可与since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例句：
No
flowers
have
been
bought
since
last
week.
自上周以来，没有人来买过花。
4.
短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例句：
The
kids
have
been
well
looked
after.
这些小孩一直受到很好的照顾。
5.
不是所有动词都可以用被动语态，如happen,
take
place,
break
out,
belong
to,
cost,
last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。有些动词如open，break，
drop等不强调动作发出者时，我们通常用主动语态。例句：
Something
bad
has
happened
to
him.
The
door
has
opened
of
itself.
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1.All
the
people
who
_________
（charge）with
killing
the
protected
animals
will
be
sentenced
in
five
days.
2.The
number
of
tall
buildings____________（increase）greatly
in
Tianjin
in
the
last
few
years.
3.I
don't
know
what
to
say,
for
it
is
the
first
time
that
I
_________
（go
out）with
a
girl.
4.Many
pictures
have
______
(base)
on
simple
geometric
designs.
5.All
possible
means________
been
tried.
Every
possible
means________
been
tried.
6.For
her
excellent
work,
so
far
she
________（choose）as
the
“model
teacher”
several
times.
7.Professional
soccer
______
(suspend)
since
mid-March
due
to
the
COVID-19,
killing
more
than
28,000
people
at
the
time
this
article
was
published.
8.Domestic
oil
__________
(ship)
to
foreign
countries
on
a
regular
basis
since
several
years
ago.
9.The
gallery
has
________(budget)
at
ten
million
francs.
10.This
is
the
second
time
that
he
____(realize)
that
judgement
should
be
based
on
facts,
not
on
hearsay.
11.New
challenges
__________(arise)
in
the
public
health
control
since
the
outbreak
of
the
coronavirus.
12.Over
the
years,
it
________
(become)
one
of
the
most
popular
dishes
in
Chinese
restaurants
throughout
the
world.
13.The
poor
old
lady
________（lie）on
the
ground
for
almost
twenty
minutes,
but
still
nobody
comes
to
help
her.
14.Great
changes
______（take
place）in
China
in
the
last
twenty
years.
15.The
surrounding
small
towns
have
_________(absorb)
into
the
city.
16.Li
Yue
has
been
______(award)
the
title
of
“Star
Student
of
the
Week”
for
what
she
did
for
our
class.
17.Nowadays
great
importance
has
been
________
（attach）to
the
protection
of
the
surrounding
environment
in
our
city.
18.Tu
Youyou
has
been
__________
（recognize）as
one
of
the
greatest
scientists
of
all
time
because
of
her
medical
discovery
of
Artemisinin,
a
drug
therapy
for
malaria.
19.Autumn
is
the
harvest
season
when
crops
have
________（ripen）
but
the
snows
of
winter
haven’t
set
in.
20.The
world
has
________（witness）
great
changes
in
China
in
the
past
twenty
years.
参考答案
1.
have
been
charged
2.
has
increased
3.
have
gone
out
4.been
based
5.have
has
6.has
been
chosen
7.has
been
suspended
8.has
been
shipped
9.been
budgeted
10.has
realized
11.have
arisen
12.has
become
13.has
been
lying/has
lain
14.have
taken
place
15.been
absorbed
16.awarded
17.attached
18.recognized
19.ripened
20.witnessed写作
TOC
\o
"1-3"
\h
\z
\u
一、主题：如何保持苗条
1
二、主题：互联网诈骗
2
三、常考作文类型
2
一、解释现象型
2
二、解决问题型
4
三、说明利弊型
5
四、对比选择型
7
四、写作素材：
8
一、主题：如何保持苗条
如今，随着生活条件的改善，越来越多的孩子开始发胖。最近，某校高一年级就“如何保持苗条进行问卷调查，调查结果如下面饼状图(pie
chart)所示。请据此用英语写一篇短文，
报道此次调查给出你的建议。
写作要求：
1．词数：80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
From
our
recent
survey
of
students，we
have
found
that…
参考范文：
From
our
recent
survey
of
students，we
have
found
that
the
most
popular
way
of
keeping
slim
is
doing
exercise
regularly,
which
35
percent
of
the
students
prefer.
This
is
followed
by
only
eating
vegetables,
which
24
percent
of
the
students
are
in
favor
of.
About
one
fifth
of
the
students
think
a
balanced
diet
makes
for
a
slim
figure.
However,
a
small
number
of
students
choose
to
go
on
a
diet
or
take
weight
loss
pills
(choose
other
ways,
such
as
going
on
a
diet
or
taking
weight-loss
pills),
which
is
harmful
to
their
health.
We
want
to
help
the
students
(to)
keep
slim
in
a
healthy
way.
For
this
reason,
I
suggest
that
our
school
organize
various
sports
activities
to
encourage
more
students
to
work
out
and
that
each
class
have
a
class
meeting
where
teachers
can
give
necessary
guidance
about
a
balanced
diet.
They
would
make
a
difference
to
their
figures.
二、主题：互联网诈骗
In
recent
years,
accompanied
by
the
widespread
expansion
of
network,
Internet
fraud
has
become
an
increasingly
serious
problem.
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
the
following
reasons
could
account
for
this
problem.
In
the
first
place,
quite
a
lot
of
lazy
people
are
seeking
wealth
but
do
not
want
to
do
anything
with
their
own
hands,
so
they
are
trying
all
kinds
of
ways
to
defraud
money
and
property
on
the
Internet.
Another
reason
is
that
those
who
are
likely
to
be
deceived
are
anxious
to
get
things
on
the
cheap.
That
makes
the
frauds
possible.
To
avoid
being
deceived
by
the
frauds,
we
should
not
be
greedy
for
small
advantages.
At
the
same
time,
do
not
click
unknown
links.
As
long
as
we
keep
ourselves
alert,
frauds
will
have
no
chance.
词汇学习：
Internet
fraud网络诈骗
defraud
money
and
property诈取财产
on
the
Internet在网络上
on
the
cheap便宜地
deceived欺骗，蒙骗(
deceive的过去式和过去分词
)
frauds骗子;
欺诈(
fraud的名词复数
);
伪劣品;
冒牌货
三、常考作文类型
一、解释现象型
解释现象型作文一般要求考生根据考试提纲引出某种现象，然后分析现象产生的原因，阐述其影响，并给出合理的建议。此类作文在历年真题中所占比例较大，是练习的重点之一。
1.
写作提纲
(1)
描述现象
(2)
阐述现象产生的原因，给出支持者或反对者的观点
(3)
提出建议或总结观点
2.
模拟演练
The
Influence
of
Computer
on
the
Movie
Industry
(1)
电脑和互联网给电影产业带来多种影响
(2)
阐释各种影响及原因
(3)
我的看法
3.专家支招
这是一个解释现象型的题目，探讨了电脑和互联网对于电影产业的影响，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：①
第一段简要说明这一现象，第二段阐释各种影响及其原因，第三段提出自己的看法。②
写作时注意语言做到准确流畅，可以适当应用复合句，使文章衔接更加自然。
参考范文：
The
Influence
of
Computer
on
the
Movie
Industry
The
movie
industry
is
quite
different
from
what
it
was
before.
It
has
become
①
even
more
so
with
the
aid
of
computers.
Computers
and
the
Internet
have
made
many
influences
on
the
movie
industry.
②
These,
however,
come
down
to
the
following
aspects。
First,
the
development
of
computer
graphics
has
enabled
the
movies
to
have
more
terrific
③
visual
effects.
The
digital
technology
can
create
vivid
images
④
out
of
thin
air.
And
the
3D
picture
is
another
breakthrough
of
visual
enjoyment.
Second,
the
development
of
personal
computers
and
the
Internet
has
made
it
easier
to
download
piratical
movies,
thus
the
box
office
of
movies
will
be
impacted.
However,
it
can
also
help
promote
movies
by
the
wide
spread
of
film
reviews
and
comments。
In
my
opinion,
the
further
development
of
computer
and
the
Internet
may
make
more
changes
to
the
movie
industry.
There
may
be
more
technologies
to
bring
us
⑤
multi-dimensional
enjoyments.
Maybe
one
day
we
can
have
totally
immersive
impressions
of
movies
with
the
help
of
computer。
Analysis
①
even
more
so用于强调当前的情况更加严重，可以用于提出话题。
②
come
down
to表示“归结为”。
③
visual
effects意为“视觉效果”，是高分表达。
④
out
of
thin
air表示“无中生有”，属于固定搭配。
⑤
multi-dimensional意为“多维的”，可以用于有多方面意义或多角度讨论的话题。
举一反三
1.
Computers
and
the
Internet
have
made
many
influences
on
the
movie
industry.
a.
Computers
and
the
Internet
have
influenced
the
movie
industry
a
lot.
b.
Computers
and
the
Internet
have
great
effects
on
the
movie
industry.
2.
However,
it
can
also
help
promote
movies
by
the
wide
spread
of
film
reviews
and
comments.
a.
However,
it
can
also
increase
the
fame
of
movies
by
the
wide
spread
of
film
reviews
and
comments.
b.
However,
it
can
also
contribute
to
the
promotion
of
movies
by
the
wide
spread
of
film
reviews
and
comments.
二、解决问题型
解决问题型作文，要求考生根据考试题目中所反映或提到的问题，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施。此类作文重在考查学生解决问题的能力，因此写作时一定要具体详细地说明解决问题的方法。
1.
写作提纲
(1)
阐述问题
(2)
描述原因
(3)
给出解决途径
2.
模拟演练
How
to
Prevent
Drink
Driving
from
Happening?
(1)
酒后驾驶已经成为危害公共安全的重要因素
(2)
如何最大限度地防止此类问题的发生
(3)
我的观点
3.专家支招
本文对于酒后驾驶这一社会热点问题进行了探讨，主要讨论如何防止此类问题的发生，是一篇需要提出解决方案的论说文，写作时应围绕提纲进行构思：①
第一段提出酒后驾驶现象及其危害，第二段提出自己的解决方案，第三段总结自己的想法。②
写作时应当注意措辞准确、结构条理、正确使用衔接句。
参考范文：
How
to
Prevent
Drink
Driving
from
Happening?
Recently,
there
have
been
tremendous
reports
on
accidents
caused
by
drink
driving
and
controversial
sentences
of
criminals.
①The
miserable
tragedies
have
demonstrated
that
drink
driving
has
become
a
serious
problem
harmful
to
the
public
security.
②Therefore,
something
must
be
done
to
prevent
such
things
from
happening。
③
First
of
all,
corresponding
laws
and
regulations
should
be
made
to
clarify
the
definition
and
penalties
of
drink
driving,
so
that
the
fear
of
punishment
may
pull
drivers
away
from
alcohol.
Secondly,
the
administrations
and
media
should
actively
promote
the
modification
of
so-called
④
“wine
culture”
to
avoid
compelled
drinking,
in
order
that
the
drivers
may
say
“no”
to
the
toast
proposals.
Last
but
not
least,
the
inspections
and
monitors
of
the
government
and
the
society
should
be
reinforced
to
immediately
identify
drunk
drivers
and
prevent
drivers
from
drinking。
In
conclusion,
it
is
the
responsibility
of
everybody
to
reduce
drink
driving
to
the
minimum.
⑤
Only
when
the
problem
is
efficiently
controlled
can
we
live
more
safely
and
comfortably。
Analysis
①
demonstrate常用于阐明现象，引出主旨。
②
提出观点，something
must
be
done也可以用we
should
take
measures代替。
③
提出建议。corresponding
laws
and
regulations,
pull...away
from均适用于解决问题类作文。用alcohol指代饮酒以避免重复。
④
wine
culture“酒文化”，有中国特色的固定表达。
⑤
Only位于句首时主句采用部分倒装语序，注意从句采用正常语序。
举一反三
Recently,
there
have
been
tremendous
reports
on
accidents
caused
by
drink
driving
and
controversial
sentences
of
criminals。
a.
Recently,
it
has
been
tremendously
reported
that
there
are
lots
of
accidents
caused
by
drink
driving
and
controversial
sentences
of
criminals。
b.
Recently,
many
reports
are
released
on
accidents
caused
by
drink
driving
and
controversial
sentences
of
criminals。
三、说明利弊型
说明利弊型作文的标志十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，即要求考生比较某事物或现象的利弊，并表明自己的观点。
1.
写作提纲
(1)
X带来的好处
(2)
X带来的问题
(3)
我的看法
2.
模拟演练
Living
in
Big
Cities
or
Medium
and
Small
Cities?
(1)
大学毕业后有人选择留在大城市发展，有人选择去中小城市生活
(2)
在大城市和中小城市工作、生活的利弊
(3)
我的选择及原因
3.专家支招
这是一个说明利弊型的题目，探讨了大学毕业生就业选择的问题，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：①
第一段简要说明这一现象，即有人毕业后选择留在大城市发展，有人选择去中小城市生活;第二段具体说明在大城市与在中小城市工作、生活的利弊;第三段说明自己的选择及看法。②
写作时注意文章结构清晰，思路明确，可适当使用表示并列或递进关系的词组，使文章衔接自然。
参考范文：
Living
in
Big
Cities
or
Medium
and
Small
Cities?
①
We
cannot
choose
where
we
were
born,
but
we
can
choose
where
we
live
during
the
whole
life.
②
That’s
why
after
graduation,
some
students
want
to
stay
in
big
cities
like
Beijing
and
Shanghai,
while
some
others
might
long
to
live
in
medium
and
small
cities
like
Yantai
and
Ningbo。
When
referring
to
the
city
they’d
like
to
live,
different
college
graduates
have
different
choices.
③
Some
insist
that
big
cities
are
their
favorites
because
there
are
more
opportunities
for
personal
development
and
more
modern
facilities
that
make
their
lives
wonderful
and
convenient.
③
In
addition,
they
believe
that
their
horizons
will
be
broadened
and
their
potentials
will
be
fully
exploited
before
so
many
challenges.
④
However,
there
are
a
large
part
of
people
choosing
to
live
in
medium
and
small
cities.
⑤
Firstly,
less
pressure
there
will
make
them
live
much
more
comfortably.
⑤
Secondly,
the
air
is
fresher
than
big
cities.
Therefore,
it
will
be
beneficial
to
their
health。
⑥
Personally
speaking,
I’d
rather
choose
to
go
to
big
cities
because
personal
development
⑦
rather
than
comfort
is
what
I
have
been
pursuing。
Analysis
①
描述背景。
②
表语从句描绘出大学毕业生的不同选择。
③
分三点详述留在大城市发展的优势：更多机会、开阔眼界、开发潜能。
④
引出相反的观点。
⑤
层次分明，结构清晰。
⑥
表达自己的观点。
⑦
“而不是”。
举一反三
Some
insist
that
big
cities
are
their
favorites
because
there
are
more
opportunities
for
personal
development
and
more
modern
facilities
that
make
their
lives
wonderful
and
convenient。
a.
Some
think
that
big
cities
are
their
favorites
for
the
reason
that
there
are
more
opportunities
for
personal
development
and
more
modern
facilities
that
make
their
lives
wonderful
and
convenient。
b.
Some
hold
on
the
opinion
that
big
cities
are
their
favorites
considering
there
are
more
opportunities
for
personal
development
and
more
modern
facilities
that
make
their
lives
wonderful
and
convenient。
四、对比选择型
对比选择型的题目要求非常明确且富有针对性。这类作文一般以问题的形式或两者选一的形式出现，要求考生对两种观点或做法进行比较，然后表明自己的看法，并且给出理由。写这类作文最关键的一点就是在表明个人观点的同时，还要给出支撑观点的充分理由。
1.
写作提纲
(1)
有些人认为(支持)
(2)
也有些人认为(反对)
(3)
我的看法
2.
模拟演练
Tradition
and
Modernization
(1)
有人认为传统文化应当尽可能保留
(2)
有人认为牺牲传统文化来发展现代文化是值得的
(3)
我认为
3.专家支招
这是一个阐释对立观点型的题目，文章讨论了是否应当牺牲传统文化来发展现代化的问题，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：①
第一段阐明保留传统文化的作用和观点，第二段说明传统与现代化的冲突并权衡利弊，第三段提出自己的观点。②
写作时注意语言做到准确流畅，可以适当应用复合句，使文章衔接自然。
参考范文：
Tradition
and
Modernization
The
process
of
modernization
today
is
even
greater
than
before.
It
is
unavoidable
that
some
achievements
are
made
①
at
the
cost
of
tradition.
Many
people
believe
that
tradition
should
be
reserved
to
the
largest
extent.
On
the
one
hand,
they
think
that
the
tradition
is
the
②
cream
of
history
with
perfect
conclusion
and
abstraction,
and
thus
it
should
be
followed.
On
the
other
hand,
we
should
keep
our
own
traditional
characteristics
as
a
culture,
so
that
we
can
find
our
own
position
in
a
world
of
③
diversity。
However,
some
people
believe
that
it
is
worthwhile
to
abandon
tradition
for
modernization.
In
the
first
place,
they
view
the
history
as
a
④
linear
course
moving
forward,
and
outdated
concepts
must
be
timely
eliminated.
In
the
second
place,
they
believe
that
civilization
is
more
important,
and
should
be
realized
⑤
at
all
costs。
As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
we
should
sort
out
the
universal
truth
in
our
tradition
and
stick
to
them.
But
we
should
also
selectively
put
down
some
traditions
for
a
better
life。
Analysis
①
at
the
cost
of表示“以……为代价”，可以用于表示牺牲某些东西来实现目的。
②
可以用cream来表示“精华”，可以指人或物，表达简洁准确。③
表示多样性的时候可以用diversity或者variety。
④
linear一词可以用于描述一切线性或单向发展的过程，在描述与时空相关的内容时也可以使用。
⑤
at
all
costs表示“不惜一切代价”，可用于强调话题的重要性。
举一反三
1.
It
is
unavoidable
that
some
achievements
are
made
at
the
cost
of
tradition。
a.
It
is
inevitable
that
some
achievements
are
made
at
the
cost
of
tradition。
b.
It
cannot
be
avoided
that
some
achievements
are
made
at
the
cost
of
tradition。
2.
However,
some
people
believe
that
it
is
worthwhile
to
abandon
tradition
for
modernization。
a.
However,
some
people
believe
that
it
is
worthy
to
abandon
tradition
for
modernization。
b.
However,
some
people
believe
that
it
is
rewarding
to
abandon
tradition
for
modernization。
四、写作素材：
1
In
the
technology
society,
the
Internet
has
become
an
important
part
in
daily
life.
There
are
a
growing
number
of
people
interested
in
the
Internet.
People
can
study,
entertain,
and
watch
the
news
on
the
Internet.
For
our
students,
we
are
able
to
get
the
latest
information
and
learning
materials
in
the
Internet.
Besides,
we
can
join
group
discussions
with
other
students,
and
the
distance
education
on
the
Internet
is
very
useful
to
us.
Except
for
study,
students
can
have
fun
on
the
Internet,
such
as
watching
movies,
listening
to
the
music
and
getting
news.
It
helps
us
to
broaden
our
horizons.
But
we
should
control
ourselves
and
cannot
spend
too
much
on
searching
the
Internet.
2
We
know
the
Internet
is
playing
a
more
and
more
important
part
in
our
daily
life.
On
the
Internet,
we
can
get
as
much
information
as
we
can.
We
can
send
e-mails
to
our
friends
and
talk
to
them
as
well.
Besides,
on
the
Internet
we
can
read
books,
enjoy
music
and
watch
ball
games.
We
can
also
do
shopping
without
leaving
our
homes.
But
many
students
spend
too
much
time
playing
Internet
games.
They
waste
a
lot
of
time.
We
must
make
good
use
of
the
Internet.
Everything
lives
with
opposite
forces.
The
same
can
be
said
about
modern
technology,
such
as
Internet.
At
first
glance
Internet
offers
us
excitement
and
a
world
of
promise.
Frankly
speaking,
people
who
have
some
ideas
of
it
cannot
deny
the
merits
born
with
the
system.
For
instance,
it
can
improve
proficiency
in
scientific
research,
for
by
means
of
it
scientists
and
researchers
can
get
a
global
look
at
the
latest
development
in
the
field
concerned
and
accordingly
they
need
spend
no
time
doing
what
has
already
been
done.
In
view
of
personal
communication,
the
most
convenient
means
could
be
peculiar
to
Internet,
too.
While
people
speak
highly
of
Internet,
its
drawbacks
shouldn’t
be
neglected.
Sometimes,
a
little
fatal
breakdown
of
the
system,
or
a
disastrous
error
could
bring
us
an
enormous
amount
of
damage
and
loss.
Meanwhile,
with
Internet’s
replacement
of
hooks
or
the
written
work
as
the
main
source
of
information,
human＇s
writing
abilities
are
weakened
and
relations
between
people
are
desalinated.
However,
every
country
on
this
planet
should
work
hard
to
develop
the
system
to
serve
us
more
efficiently
and
comfortably,
because
in
the
net
all
countries
are
interrelated.
3
Today,
we
are
going
to
discuss
the
Internet.
With
technology
developed,
computers
are
widely
used
in
our
life.
It
is
convenient
to
do
a
variety
of
things
by
using
the
Internet.
You
can
not
only
shop
online
but
also
can
listen
to
music
and
read
news.
Besides,
you
can
look
up
any
information
that
you
want
to
know.
What’s
more,
you
can
send
and
accept
E-mail
and
chat
with
you
friends
on
the
Internet.
Those
entertainments
enrich
our
life.
Especially,
it
is
important
for
students
to
use
the
Internet
to
study.
As
a
student,
I
can
use
the
Internet
learn
more
knowledge
which
is
out
of
class.
It
can
broaden
our
vision
as
well.
However,
the
Internet
has
its
disadvantages.
Spending
too
much
time
in
the
Internet
is
horrible
to
our
eyes.
It
is
dangerous
to
be
addicted
to
computer
games.
In
our
opinion,
as
everything
has
its’
two
sides.
We
should
make
use
of
the
benefits
of
the
Internet
and
resist
the
temptations.
Only
in
this
way
can
we
learn
more
on
the
Internet.
4
shopping
habits（购物习惯）
1.online
shopping
Online
customers
are
becoming
important
to
most
businesses.
For
example,
in
a
recent
Nielson
Global
Survey
(尼尔森全球调查)more
than
85
percent
of
the
world’s
online
population
has
already
used
the
Internet
to
make
purchases(n.购买).
2.
different
shopping
habits
between
men
and
women
In
many
areas,
men
and
women
differ
little
in
their
shopping
habits.
The
big
difference
is
how
they
tend
to
find
products
online.
Specifically(具体地),
women
are
more
likely
to
respond
to
marketing
emails
while
men
are
more
likely
to
find
products
while
surfing
online.
3.online
buyers
use
multiple
devices(多个设备)
Online
consumer
shopping
habits
indicate(暗示，表明)
that
online
buyers
are
also
more
unlikely
to
find
your
product
or
service
via
just
one
device
than
probably
ever
before.
In
fact,
an
estimated
90
percent
of
consumers
today
use
multiple
screens
(smartphone,
laptop,
tablet)
during
the
day.
And
this
includes
when
they’re
looking
at
your
website
and
possibly
buying
a
product
or
signing
up(注册)
for
a
survice.
4.showrooming(先逛店后网购)
is
not
a
big
factor
Despite
all
the
complaints(抱怨)coming
from
brick
and
mortar
retailers(零售商),
most
online
shoppers
still
don’t
do
much
“showrooming”
it
seems.
This
refers
to
the
supposedly
popular
practice
of
visiting
a
retail
store,
looking
at
a
product
and
then
finding
a
cheaper
version
online.
5.many
online
shoppers
are
still
looking
for
the
best
deals
Just
like
shoppers
offline,
shoppers
visiting
your
website
will
be
looking
for
deals.
And
they
will
likely
make
a
purchase
on
another
site
if
you
don’t
offer
the
right
price.
6.What
Shoppers
Like
1.
Touching
the
product
2.
Mirrors
3.
Discovering
Bargains
4.
Talking
to
employees
5.
Recognition
by
employees
What
Shoppers
Do
Not
Like
1.
Too
Many
Mirrors
2.
Long
Lines
3.
(Being
Forced
to
ask)
Dumb
Questions
4.
Merchandise
out
of
stock
5.
Obscure
Price
Tags
6.
Intimidating
Service