单元素养评估卷(一)
时间:120分钟 分数:120分
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
We’ve
got
a
list
of
teen
scientists
from
a
variety
of
fields.
Jack
Andraka
Jack
Andraka
created
a
biosensor
for
cancer
that
he
says
is
168
times
faster,
26,667
times
less
expensive
and
400
times
more
sensitive
than
technology
nowadays.
He’s
the
youngest
person
to
have
spoken
in
front
of
the
Royal
Society
of
Medicine.
Taylor
Wilson
Taylor
Wilson
was
the
youngest
person
to
achieve
nuclear
fusion(核聚变).
He
was
inspired
by
The
Radioactive
Boy
Scout,
a
novel
in
which
a
kid
tries
and
fails
to
build
a
nuclear
reactor.
Taylor
thought
he
could
do
better.
Long
story
short,
he
wanted
to
build
a
small
nuclear
reactor.
And
he
did
it
at
the
age
of
fourteen.
He
received
a
Thiel
Fellowship,
which
gave
him
$100,000
to
work
on
his
own
research.
Sara
Volz
Sara
Volz
performed
experiments
in
which
she
grew
algae
based
on
their
oil
output
for
the
purpose
of
growing
them
as
biofuel(生物燃料).
This
research
is
especially
important
as
the
world
continues
to
search
for
a
way
to
lessen
our
dependence
on
non-renewable
energy.
She
won
the
top
prize
of
$100,000
in
the
Intel
Science
Talent
Search.
Daniel
Burd
Plastic
usually
takes
thousands
of
years
to
decompose(降解),
but
this
high
school
student
Daniel
Burd
managed
to
do
it
in
three
months.
In
an
experiment,
he
mixed
plastic
bags
and
a
special
kind
of
dirt
together,
and
found
that
they
did
decompose
faster.
He
then
performed
tests
to
find
the
bacteria
responsible
for
decomposing
the
plastics.
His
solution
only
produces
water
and
small
amounts
of
carbon
dioxide.
He
says
it
could
easily
be
used
elsewhere.
21.
Who
designed
a
medical
instrument?
A.
Sara
Volz.
B.
Daniel
Burd.
C.
Jack
Andraka.
D.
Taylor
Wilson.
22.
What
excited
Taylor
Wilson’s
interest
in
his
invention?
A.
A
novel
by
a
kid.
B.
Plastic
pollution.
C.
Energy
shortage.
D.
A
storybook.
23.
What
do
we
know
about
Daniel
Burd’s
invention?
A.
It
won
him
a
$100,000
prize.
B.
It
is
environmentally
friendly.
C.
It
was
completed
in
three
months.
D.
It
is
widely
used
for
everyday
waste.
B
Mary
Anning
was
an
English
fossil(化石)
collector,
dealer
and
paleontologist(古生物学家).
Her
fossil
hunting
helped
change
the
way
people
thought
about
the
world.
Mary
was
born
into
a
poor
family
in
England
on
May
21,
1799.
She
lived
in
the
seaside
town
of
Lyme
Regis,
in
Dorset.
The
family
had
nine
children.
Only
Mary
and
her
brother
Joseph
grew
up.
Mary’s
father
took
his
children
along
the
beach.
They
picked
up
shells
and
stones
to
sell
to
visitors.
Mary
did
not
go
to
school
much.
Her
family
was
too
poor.
And
schools
did
not
teach
children
about
fossils.
Mary
could
read
and
write.
She
taught
herself.
She
learned
about
rocks
and
how
bodies
are
made.
In
1811
when
Mary
and
Joseph
were
hunting
fossils,
Joseph
saw
a
bone
sticking
out
of
the
rock.
Mary
had
a
hammer
to
chip
away
at
the
rock.
Very
carefully
she
uncovered
it.
She
found
the
first
complete
fossil
of
the
ichthyosaur(鱼龙).
Since
then,
Mary
became
crazy
about
fossil
hunting.
She
liked
to
hunt
on
the
beach
after
a
storm.
The
wind,
rain
and
waves
made
the
rocks
crumble.
It
was
easy
to
spot
fossils.
Most
days
Mary
went
fossil
hunting
with
her
dog,
Tray.
Rich
friends
helped
Mary
by
selling
fossils
for
her.
They
sent
her
money.
Scientists
wrote
letters
and
came
to
see
her.
One
good
friend
was
William
Buckland,
a
professor
at
Oxford
University.
Mary
also
opened
a
shop
to
sell
fossils,
stones
and
shells.
She
chatted
with
visitors.
Mary
Anning
died
in
1847.
How
evolution(进化)
works
was
explained
by
Charles
Darwin
not
long
after
Mary
died.
Her
fossils
had
helped
scientists
understand
how
things
began.
24.
Why
did
Mary’s
father
take
his
children
along
the
beach?
A.
To
enjoy
life.
B.
To
make
a
living.
C.
To
look
for
fossils.
D.
To
teach
them
about
fossils.
25.
What
can
we
learn
about
Mary?
A.
Her
father
was
a
paleontologist.
B.
Her
father
educated
her
at
home.
C.
She
had
nine
brothers
and
sisters
in
all.
D.
She
might
be
popular
at
that
time.
26.
Who
was
the
first
one
to
catch
sight
of
the
rock
containing
the
first
complete
ichthyosaur
fossil?
A.
Charles
Darwin.
B.
Mary’s
dog.
C.
Joseph.
D.
Mary.
27.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“crumble”
in
the
fourth
paragraph
mean?
A.
Break.
B.
Shake.
C.
Float.
D.
Dive.
C
Scientists
say
a
huge
percentage
of
bird
species
are
in
danger
because
their
habitats,
or
homelands,
are
disappearing.
Traditional
migration(迁徙)
paths
take
birds
through
countries
that
are
not
protecting
the
places
for
birds
to
stop,
rest
and
feed.
The
scientists
studied
the
migration
or
flight
paths
of
almost
1,500
species.
They
decided
that
91
percent
of
them
passed
through
dangerous
areas.
The
major
danger
for
migratory
birds
is
development.
Buildings
and
pavements
have
covered
the
places
where
birds
stop
and
feed
as
they
move
from
one
part
of
the
world
to
another.
One
of
the
scientists
who
worked
on
the
study
says
many
of
these
important
places
have
been
lost
to
land
reclamation
because
of
urban,
industrial
and
agricultural
land
expansion.?
The
problem,
according
to
scientists,
is
that
many
of
these
small
birds
die
along
their
migration
paths
because
they
don’t
have
a
safe
place
to
feed
and
rest.
There
is
no
place
to
restore(恢复)
their
energy
for
the
next
part
of
their
journey.
Countries
in
North
Africa,
Central
Asia
and
those
along
the
coasts
of
East
Asia
are
having
the
most
difficult
time
in
protecting
land.
The
scientists
say
these
countries
do
not
have
enough
areas
that
are
safe
for
birds.
One
species
that
doesn’t
exist
now
is
the
Eskimo
curlew.
“Our
world
gets
poorer
every
time
we
lose
a
species,”
one
of
the
scientists
says.
The
researchers
say
countries
need
to
work
together
and
come
up
with
safe
stopping
areas
for
birds
that
pass
through
their
boundaries.
For
example,
one
country
might
have
preserved
safe
zones
for
migrating
birds.
But
a
neighbour
country
might
not.
A
bird
might
die.
One
scientist
who
is
not
connected
with
the
report
tells
Los
Angeles
Times
that
while
some
habitats
are
changing,
more
work
can
be
done
to
make
urban
areas
safe
for
birds.
He
says
small
changes,
like
planting
more
native
plants
or
keeping
cats
out
of
the
areas
birds
would
be
likely
to
use,
could
make
a
big
difference.
28.
The
disappearance
of
the
bird
habitats
is
mainly
caused
by
.?
A.
development
B.
the
change
of
climate
C.
filling
seas
to
grow
grain
D.
the
loss
of
land
and
water
29.
What
do
the
underlined
words
“land
recla-mation”
in
paragraph
3
mean?
A.
Abusing
the
farming
land.
B.
The
disappearance
of
good
land.
C.
Causing
the
land
quality
to
get
worse.
D.
Making
land
suitable
for
farming
or
building.
30.
Many
birds
die
on
the
way
of
migration
mainly
because
they
.?
A.
are
harmed
by
humans
B.
are
killed
by
other
animals
C.
have
to
take
a
long
journey
D.
have
no
safe
place
to
rest
and
eat
31.
According
to
the
researchers,
how
can
we
protect
the
migrating
birds?
A.
By
keeping
fewer
cats
or
dogs.
B.
By
stopping
the
urban
development.
C.
By
helping
change
the
birds’
migration
paths.
D.
By
preserving
the
local
ecological
environments.
D
In
this
digital
age,
people
measure
their
popularity
by
the
number
of
likes
and
followers
they
get
on
social
media.
But
as
it
turns
out,
people
are
happiest
when
their
friends
are
high
quality—not
high
quantity.
Scientists
from
the
University
of
Leeds,
UK,
studied
data
from
two
online
surveys
of
nearly
1,500
people.
Those
who
took
the
survey
gave
details
about
their
age,
social
interactions,
and
how
satisfied
they
were
with
their
social
lives.
The
researchers
found
that
those
who
had
a
small
number
of
close
friends
generally
tended
to
be
happier
than
those
who
had
a
large
number
of
superficial(表面的)
friends.
“Loneliness
has
less
to
do
with
the
number
of
friends
you
have,
and
more
to
do
with
how
you
feel
about
your
friends,”
said
Wandi
Bruine
de
Bruin,
one
of
the
researchers.
Bruine
de
Bruin
found
that
older
people
tended
to
have
smaller
social
circles
than
young
people,
but
the
people
in
these
circles
tended
to
be
closer
to
them.
Younger
people,
on
the
other
hand,
tended
to
have
bigger
circles
that
were
made
up
of
“peripheral(次要的)
others”—people
who
are
not
true
friends,
but
just
people
they
know.
These
people
had
no
influence
on
the
happiness
of
the
younger
surveyed.
The
results
of
the
study
show
that
the
prejudice
society
has
about
old
people
being
sad
and
lonely
might
not
be
accurate.
“The
research
shows
that
older
adults’
smaller
networks
didn’t
undermine(破坏)
social
satisfaction
and
well-being.
In
fact,
older
adults
tend
to
report
better
well-being
than
younger
adults,”
said
Bruine
de
Bruin.
32.
According
to
the
study,
under
what
condition
are
people
likely
to
be
happier?
A.
Having
a
lot
of
followers
on
social
media.
B.
Being
satisfied
with
their
work
and
lives.
C.
Making
friends
with
people
who
are
older.
D.
Having
a
small
circle
of
people
who
understand
them
well.
33.
What
do
we
know
from
paragraphs
4
and
5?
A.
Older
people’s
friends
seem
to
be
of
higher
quality.
B.
Young
people
don’t
need
to
make
peripheral
friends.
C.
Older
people’s
happiness
has
nothing
to
do
with
their
friends.
D.
Both
old
and
young
people
find
it
hard
to
make
close
friends.
34.
Which
word
might
Bruine
de
Bruin
use
to
describe
older
adults?
A.
Superficial.
B.
Happy.
C.
Lonely.
D.
Sad.
35.
What
is
the
main
topic
of
the
passage?
A.
Different
types
of
friends.
B.
Changes
in
people’s
happiness
levels.
C.
The
relationship
between
happiness
and
the
number
of
friends.
D.
Interactions
between
old
and
young
people.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How
to
Succeed
in
Science
To
succeed
in
science,
you
need
a
lot
more
than
luck.
In
my
view,
you
have
to
combine
intelligence
with
willingness
not
to
follow
conventions
when
they
block
your
path
forward.
Thus,
these
have
come
to
be
my
rules
for
success.
? 36 ?
That
might
sound
proud,
but
the
fact
is
that
you
must
always
turn
to
people
who
are
brighter
than
yourself.
It’s
like
playing
any
game.
Even
as
a
child,
I
never
wanted
to
play
games
with
anyone
who
was
as
bad
as
I
was.
If
you
win,
it
gives
you
no
pleasure.
And
in
the
game
of
science
or
life,
the
highest
goal
isn’t
simply
to
win;
it’s
to
win
at
something
really
difficult.
37 ?
?Take
risks.
To
make
a
huge
success,
a
scientist
has
to
be
prepared
to
get
into
deep
trouble.
If
you
are
going
to
make
a
huge
jump
in
science,
you
will
very
likely
be
unqualified
to
succeed
by
definition.
38
This
can
be
more
than
personally
upsetting.?
?Never
do
anything
that
bores
you.
My
experience
in
science
is
that
someone
is
always
telling
you
to
do
things,
and
then
leave
you
alone.
I’m
not
good
enough
to
do
well
in
something
I
dislike.
39
It’s
very
hard
to
succeed
if
you
don’t
want
to
be
with
other
scientists—you
have
to
go
to
key
meetings
where
you
find
key
facts
that
would
have
escaped
you.
And
you
have
to
chat
with
your
competitors,
even
if
you
find
them
unpleasant.
So
my
final
rule
is:
40 ?
A.
Avoid
foolish
people.
B.
Meet
challenges
with
great
courage.
C.
In
fact,
I
find
it
hard
to
do
well
in
something
I
like.
D.
If
you
can’t
stand
to
be
with
your
real
peers,
get
out
of
science.
E.
Be
sure
you
always
have
someone
to
save
you
from
a
deep
mess.
F.
Besides,
you
even
have
to
be
prepared
to
disbelieve
your
scientific
heroes.
G.
Put
another
way,
it’s
to
go
somewhere
beyond
your
ability
and
come
out
on
top.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nobody
can
inspire
us
like
great
teachers.
They
show
us
things
about
ourselves
we
can’t
see.
They
see
41
in
us
that
others,
including
ourselves
can’t
or
won’t
see.
42
they
give
us
the
courage
to
find
our
own
way
and
enough
guidance
to
show
us
that
what
we
feel
43
is
anything
but
that.?
When
Bill
44
Seattle’s
View
Ridge
Elementary
School,
he
was
a
really
unattractive
and
shy
fourth
grader.
45
a
kindly
librarian
named
Blanche
Caffiere,
he
was
able
to
come
into
his
own
in
a
way
that
would
one
day
46
his
life
forever.
Bill
sets
the
stage
for
this
tale
like
this:?
“When
I
first
met
Mrs.
Caffiere,
she
was
the
elegant
and
engaging
school
47 ,
and
I
was
a
shy
fourth
grader.
I
was
48
trying
to
go
unnoticed,
because
I
had
some
big
shortcomings,
like
terrible
handwriting
...
and
I
was
trying
to
hide
the
49
that
I
liked
to
read—something
that
was
cool
for
girls
but
not
for
boys
...
Mrs.
Caffiere
took
me
under
her
wing.”?
He
was
grateful
to
Mrs.
Caffiere
for
helping
him
become
less
50 ,
which
resulted
from
the
true
spirit
of
remarkable
teaching.
First
she
encouraged
Bill’s
enthusiasm
for
reading
by
helping
him
explore
it
through
the
use
of
introspective(内省的)
questions,
51
what
he
liked
to
read
and
why.
Next,
she
would
go
out
of
her
52
to
source
books
that
were
53
more
interesting
and
challenging
for
him.
Finally,
once
he’d
read
them,
she
would
sit
down
with
him
and
ask
him
if
he
liked
what
he
had
read,
and
more
54
what
he’d
learned
and
why.
“She
basically
55
what
I
had
to
say,”
Bill
recalled.?
41.
A.
ambition
B.
distinction
C.
potential
D.
discrimination
42.
A.
Above
all
B.
For
instance
C.
In
consequence
D.
By
contrast
43.
A.
unconditional
B.
unbelievable
C.
incorrect
D.
impossible
44.
A.
built
B.
attended
C.
designed
D.
finished
45.
A.
Apart
from
B.
But
for
C.
Thanks
to
D.
Regardless
of
46.
A.
change
B.
discover
C.
enjoy
D.
create
47.
A.
supporter
B.
librarian
C.
principal
D.
owner
48.
A.
amazedly
B.
desperately
C.
proudly
D.
helplessly
49.
A.
fact
B.
concept
C.
event
D.
conclusion
50.
A.
unattractive
B.
typical
C.
shy
D.
unnoticed
51.
A.
together
with
B.
instead
of
C.
such
as
D.
as
for
52.
A.
business
B.
house
C.
way
D.
office
53.
A.
naturally
B.
progressively
C.
frequently
D.
extraordinarily
54.
A.
honestly
B.
seriously
C.
strictly
D.
importantly
55.
A.
listened
to
B.
stuck
to
C.
referred
to
D.
turned
to
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I
used
to
work
at
a
grocery
store
and
this
old
lady
would
always
come
in
to
do
her
shopping.
Many
of
my
co-workers
did
not
like
56.
(help)
this
old
lady
out
to
her
car
because
she
would
talk
57.
a
very
long
time
about
her
life
and
my
co-workers
would
lose
their
58.
(patient)
with
her.
So
I
decided
to
take
her
out
to
her
car
and
unload
her
groceries
and
in
the
process
of
doing
so,
I
listened
to
her.?
She
was
59.
(basic)
talking
about
her
life.
From
that
conversation
I
learned
that
her
two
kids
lived
out
of
the
state
and
her
husband
60.
(die)
two
years
ago.
This
old
lady
had
no
one
to
talk
to.
That
was
61.
she
just
wanted
to
talk
to
someone
about
her
life.
?
After
that
conversation,
she
went
back
into
the
store
and
told
my
boss
what
62.
good
employee
I
was.
That
made
my
day.
But
I
also
made
her
day
because
I
took
the
time
63.
(understand)
why
she
always
talked
so
much.?
Anytime
an
older
person
64.
(approach)
you
to
talk,
don’t
feel
uncomfortable
about
it
because
he/she
has
no
one
else
to
talk
to.
65.
(be)
kind
and
engage
in
a
conversation
with
him/her
and
it
will
make
his/her
day.
?
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
根据下面的提示,简要介绍杰出的科学家爱因斯坦。
(1)
爱因斯坦(1879年3月14日—1955年4月18日)出生于德国;
(2)
其相对论(Theory
of
Relativity)闻名于世,1921年获得诺贝尔物理学奖;
(3)
年少时害羞,不喜欢上学,不喜欢与人交往,一生中多数时间喜欢独处,喜欢音乐;
(4)
不看重金钱,热爱和平,致力于人权和社会进步。
注意:
(1)
词数80左右;
(2)
开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Albert
Einstein
is
one
of
the
20th
century’s
greatest
scientists.
He
was
born
on
March
14,
1879
in
Germany,
and
died
on
April
18,
1955.
?
?
No
wonder
Albert
Einstein
is
an
outstanding
and
respectable
scientist!
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When
I
was
9
years
old,
I
used
to
cut
grass
for
Mrs.
Long.
The
elderly
lady
paid
me
very
little,
for
she
hadn’t
much
money.
But
she
did
promise
me,
“When
Christmas
comes,
I
shall
have
a
present
for
you.”
I
spent
much
time
wondering
what
it
would
be.
The
boys
I
played
with
had
baseball
gloves
and
bicycles
and
ice
skates,
and
I
was
so
eager
to
acquire
any
one
of
these
that
I
convinced
myself
that
Mrs.
Long
intended
choosing
from
among
them.
“It
would
hardly
be
baseball
gloves,”
I
reasoned
with
myself.
“A
woman
like
Mrs.
Long
wouldn’t
know
much
about
baseball.”
Since
she
was
old
and
weak,
I
also
ruled
out
the
bicycle,
for
how
could
she
handle
such
a
large
item.
On
my
last
Saturday
at
work,
Mrs.
Long
said,
“At
Christmas
you
come
to
the
door
and
collect
the
present.”
These
words
clinched(确定)
my
guess.
Since
she
was
going
to
have
the
present
in
her
house
and
handle
it
herself,
unquestionably
she
was
giving
me
a
pair
of
ice
skates.
I
became
so
convinced
of
this
that
I
could
imagine
myself
upon
the
skates
and
the
excitement
they
brought
me.
As
the
cold
days
of
November
arrived
and
ice
began
to
form
on
the
ponds,
I
began
to
try
my
luck
on
the
ice.
“Get
away
from
that
ice!”
a
man
shouted.
“It’s
not
strong
enough
yet.”
As
Christmas
approached,
it
was
with
difficulty
that
I
restrained(抑制)
myself
from
reporting
to
Mrs.
Long
and
demanding
my
present.
On
the
21st
of
December,
icy
weather
froze
all
the
ponds
so
that
boys
who
already
had
ice
skates
were
able
to
use
them.
My
longing
to
possess
mine
became
overpowering.
So
the
next
day
I
could
control
myself
no
longer
and
presented
myself
at
Mrs.
Long’s
door.
“I’ve
been
waiting
for
you,”
she
said
with
a
smile.
注意:
(1)
续写词数应为150左右;
(2)
请按如下格式作答。
She
set
me
in
a
chair
and
handed
a
package
to
me.?
On
Christmas
morning,
I
could
not
wait
to
open
the
package.?
?
?
?
人教版(2019)选择性必修二:Unit1
Science
and
Scientists
单元素养评估卷(一)
时间:120分钟 分数:120分
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节
21-23
CDB
B
24-
27BDCA
C
28-31ADDD
D
32-35
DABC
第二节
36-40
AGFCD
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节
41-55
CADBCABBACCCBDA
第二节
?
56.helping
57.
for
58.patience
59.
basically
60.
died
61.
why
62.
a
63.
to
understand
64.
approaches
65.
Be
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
Albert
Einstein
is
one
of
the
20th
century’s
greatest
scientists.
He
was
born
on
March
14,
1879
in
Germany,
and
died
on
April
18,
1955.
He
is
best
known
for
his
Theory
of
Relativity.
In
1921,
he
was
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Physics.?
But
when
he
was
young,
he
was
shy
and
didn’t
like
to
go
to
school,
because
he
found
it
hard
to
get
along
with
others.
Throughout
his
life
he
preferred
spending
most
of
his
time
alone.
He
was
fond
of
music,
and
said
that
he
could
find
peace
in
music.
Albert
Einstein
was
a
peace-loving
person,
giving
little
thought
to
money,
and
he
devoted
a
lot
of
his
time
and
energy
to
working
for
human
rights
and
social
progress.
No
wonder
Albert
Einstein
is
an
outstanding
and
respectable
scientist!?
第二节(满分25分)
She
set
me
in
a
chair
and
handed
a
package
to
me.
She
said
to
me,
“Thanks
for
cutting
grass
for
me.
Because
I
didn’t
have
much
money,
I
didn’t
pay
you
much.
I
had
promised
to
give
you
a
present,
so
it
is
time
for
you
to
get
your
present.”
I
was
so
excited
that
I
wanted
to
open
it
right
away,
but
Mrs.
Long
stopped
me
and
said,
“You
can’t
open
it
until
Christmas
morning.
Can
you
make
it?”
“Of
course,
Mrs.
Long,”
I
replied.
On
Christmas
morning,
I
could
not
wait
to
open
the
package.
To
my
excitement,
it
was
a
brand-new
pair
of
ice
skates
which
I
was
eager
for.
I
couldn’t
control
myself
and
went
to
the
frozen
pond.
I
skated
on
the
ice
with
the
other
people.
As
I
skated
on
the
ice,
I
thought
of
Mrs.
Long,
and
how
kind
she
was
to
send
me
such
a
present.
She
observed
me
for
a
long
time
and
knew
what
I
wanted
so
much.
It
was
a
present
better
than
much
money.
PAGE