人教版（2019）必修一专练：Unit 4 Natural disasters【重点语法】（含答案)

1.定语从句的定义:
在复合句中修饰或限定主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系词的作用:①连接主句和从句;
②指代先行词;
③在从句中充当句子成分。
3.关系词的分类:①关系代词:that,
which,
who,
whom
,
whose,
as;
②关系副词:
when,
where,
why。
关系代词的用法如下表：
关系代词
先行词
在从句中所作的成分
that
人，物
主语、宾语
which
物
主语、宾语
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
whose
人，物
定语
as
人，物
主语、宾语
例：
This
is
the
best
film
(that)
I
have
ever
seen
for
years.
这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影。(that在从句中作宾语).
The
river
which
runs
through
the
center
of
the
city
brings
us
lots
of
pleasure.
流经市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。(which在从句中作主语)
The
girl
who
spoke
is
my
best
friend.
讲话的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。(who在从句中作主语)
I
have
many
friends
to
whom
I
am
going
to
send
postcards.
我有很多朋友,我要给他们寄明信片。(whom在从句中作宾语)
I'd
like
a
room
whose
window
looks
out
over
the
sea.
=I'd
like
a
room
of
which
the
window
looks
out
over
the
sea.我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。(whose在定语从句中作
window
的定语)
As
everybody
knows,
Shakespeare
was
a
famous
writer.
众所周知,莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。(as在从句中作宾语)
4.
宜用that不用which的情况
（1）当先行词是all,
much,
anything,
something,
everything,
nothing,
little,
none等不定代词时
例：
I
refuse
to
accept
the
blame
for
something
that
was
someone
else’s
fault.
As
a
grassroots
singer,
she
reads
everything
that
she
can
get
hold
of
concerning
music.
(2)
当先行词被all,
no,
few,
any,
little,
some,
much,
last,
only,
very等修饰时。
例：
Please
send
us
all
the
information
that
you
have
about
the
candidates
for
the
position.
Tom
is
the
only
foreigner
that
I
know.
(3)
当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
例：
This
is
the
most
exciting
basketball
game
that
I
have
ever
seen.
The
first
place
that
we
visited
in
China
is
the
Great
Wall.
(4)
当先行词既有人又有物时
例：
I
still
remember
the
persons
and
the
sceneries
that
I
saw
in
that
small
village.
(5)
当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系代词本身在定语从句中也做表语时，此时句子一般带有类比含义。
例：
He
is
no
longer
the
star
that
he
was.
Our
school
is
no
longer
the
place
that
it
used
to
be.
5.
用which不用that的情况
（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。
例：
The
library
provides
all
kinds
of
books,
which
makes
our
life
colorful.
(2)
在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时
例：I
am
looking
for
a
box
in
which
I
can
put
all
these
books.
6.
定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
例：The
books
that
were
sold
out
in
two
weeks
were
all
written
by
Tom.
I’m
fond
of
the
piece
of
music
which
was
played
by
Lucy.
要点提示：
one
of
the
+可数名词复数+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式，而在the
only/very/right
one
of
the
+可数名词复数+定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
例：
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
were
awarded
the
prize.
Barbara
is
easy
to
recognize
as
she’s
the
only
one
of
the
women
who
wears
evening
dress.
【能力检测】
一、用适当的关系代词填空
1.
How
medicine
works
in
a
human
body
is
a
question
_______
not
everyone
can
understand
fully.
2.
He
was
the
only
one
of
the
boys
_______
was
late
for
class.
3.
Please
go
through
the
text
and
underline
the
words
_______
meanings
you
don't
know.
4.—Do
you
know
everybody
_______
came
to
the
party?
—No.
I
don't
know
the
one
_______
you
had
a
long
talk
with.
5.
I
have
seen
most
of
the
greatest
buildings
in
the
world
_______
are
famous
on
the
Internet.
6.
We'll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
_______
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
7.
The
writer
and
his
novel
_______
you
have
just
talked
about
are
really
well-known.
8.
This
novel
is
popular
with
those
_______
were
born
in
the
1980s.
9.
There
is
no
success
without
hard
work
;
success
is
something
_______
is
only
earned
after
much
labor.
10.She
is
the
teacher
from
_______
I
have
borrowed
this
dictionary.
11.
According
to
the
new
plan，students
can
choose
the
teacher
_______
class
they
wish
to
take.
12.He
spent
his
Sunday
afternoon
in
the
library
_______
was
built
of
stone.
13.
The
thought
of
going
back
home
was
all_______
kept
him
happy
while
he
was
working
abroad.
14.The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
_______
lives
were
affected.
15.Luckily,
we'd
brought
a
map
without
_______
we
would
have
lost
our
way.
【答案】
1.
which/that
2.
who
3.
whose
4.
who;
who/whom
5.
that
6.
that/which
7.
that
8.who
9.
that
10.
whom
11.
whose
12.
that/which
13.
that
14.
whose
15.
which
二、用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
1.
I
have
a
friend.
He
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
____________________________________________________
2.Last
week
Mary
wore
the
dress.
I
gave
it
to
her.
_____________________________________________________
3.They
live
in
a
room.
Its
window
faces
south.
_____________________________________________________
4.She
wants
to
visit
the
village.
Her
mother
likes
it
best.
_____________________________________________________
5.The
old
man
likes
reading
the
newspaper
every
day.
It
contains
important
information.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1.I
have
a
friend
that/who
likes
listening
to
classical
music.
2.Last
week
Mary
wore
the
dress
that/
which
I
gave
to
her.
3.They
live
in
a
room
whose
window
faces
south.
4.She
wants
to
visit
the
village
that/which
her
mother
likes
best.
5.The
old
man
likes
reading
the
newspaper
that/which
contains
important
information
every
day.
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