高考必考语法精讲精练
非谓语动词
非谓语动词是高考必考点，《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第68题和70题（语法填空）分别考查了过去分词conducted和现在分词living做后置定语。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题和67题（语法填空）分别考查了过去分词表示被动和动名词做宾语。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第63题和68题（语法填空）分别考查了动词不定式做宾补和动名词做宾语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，其中分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。
非谓语动词可以充当除了谓语之外的其他成分，如下表：
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分
词
√
√
√
√
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的形式
主动
被动
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
否定式
not
to
do
not
to
be
done
完成时
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
进行式
to
be
doing
无
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的所有句子成分，动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
1．作主语
（1）动词不定式作主语，一般表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
①To
see
is
to
believe.
②To
master
English
is
of
great
importance.
（2）不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It
is
+
adj+for
sb.+to
do”结构,或It
is
+adj+for
sth
+to
be
done。例如：
①It
is
impossible
for
him
to
give
up
smoking.
②It
is
not
easy
to
find
your
way
in
the
mountain.
③It
is
difficult
for
the
problem
to
be
solved.
④It
is
impossible
for
my
question
to
be
answered
in
his
absence.
2.作宾语
（1）动词不定式作宾语时，常跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：agree，dare，decide，expect，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，want,
intend,
fail,
wish,
choose等。例如：
①I
mean
to
go
there
at
once.
②We
must
learn
to
tell
friends
from
enemies.
（2）不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find
(feel,
think,
believe,
consider,etc)
+it+形容词/名词+to
do
sth”。例如：
①I
think
it
necessary
to
report
the
thing
to
the
teacher.
②I
find
it
interesting
to
work
with
him.
（3）动词不定式还可以用作介词except、but和besides的宾语，如果介词前为动词do的某种形式，则后面接不带to的不定式，否则带to。cannot
choose
but、cannot
help
but和cannot
but后的不定式也省略to。常用句型有：
There
is
nothing
to
do
but+do
例如：
There
is
nothing
to
do
but
wait.
do
nothing
but/except+do
例如：
We
can
do
nothing
but
wait.
cannot
help/choose
but+do
例如：
We
cannot
choose
but
wait.
have
no
choice
but
to
do
例如：
We
have
no
choice
but
to
wait.
3．作表语
动词不定式作表语，常放在系动词之后，表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish，task，purpose，duty，job等。例如：
①To
teach
is
to
learn.
②My
job
is
to
help
the
patient.
【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实义动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。例如：
All
I
want
to
do
now
(What
I
want
to
do
now)
is
fill
my
stomach.
4.作定语
不定式可以放在名词、代词、序数词、the
only和形容词最高级等后面作定语。常被不定式修饰的名词有：chance，need，promise，time，opportunity，way等。不定式常表示将来的动作。
（1）不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如果不定式与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，则不定式用主动形式；如果不定式与该句的主语不构成逻辑上的主谓关系，则不定式用被动形式。例如：
①He
is
not
a
man
to
tell
lies.
②There
will
not
be
enough
space
to
stand
in
on
the
earth.
③---
I
will
go
home
tomorrow,do
you
have
anything
to
be
taken
to
your
parents?
---No,thanks.
（2）作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，
而且不定式动词又是不及物动词时，应在该动词上加上一个介词。例如：
①He
has
a
nice
pen
to
write
with.
②He
is
looking
for
a
room
to
live
in.
③It
is
said
that
the
best
way
to
travel
by
is
on
foot.
5．作状语
不定式作状语时，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：
I’m
very
glad
to
hear
the
news.
（原因)
不定式作目的状语时，常可构成in
order
to,
so
as
to
例如：
He
got
up
early
so
as
not
to
be
late.
不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。例如：
The
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
有些不定式短语可以做独立成份，通常放在句首，有时置于句中或句未，须用逗号的开，如：to
begin
with，to
be
honest，to
tell
you
the
truth等。例如：
To
be
honest，my
English
is
poor.
不定式作结果状语常用如下句型：
Too
+
形容词/副词
+
to
do
sth
例如：
He
is
too
young
to
go
to
school.
形容词/副词
+
enough
+
to
do
sth
例如：
He
is
old
enough
to
dress
himself.
enough+名词
+to
do
sth
例如：
I
have
enough
money
to
buy
a
car.
such
+（形容词）名词
+as
to
do
sth
例如：
He
is
such
a
clever
boy
as
to
work
out
the
question
quickly.
so
+
形容词/副词
+
as
to
do
sth
例如：
He
is
so
clever
a
boy
as
to
work
out
the
question
quickly.
【注意】不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致。
【注意】不定式可以放在only后面表示未曾预料的结果。例如：
①He
hurried
to
the
railway
station，only
to
find
that
the
train
had
left.
②I
got
to
his
house
,only
to
be
told
that
he
wasn’t
in.
6.作补语(宾语补足语和主语补足语），有两种情况：
（1）接带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词或动词短语有：ask,
tell,
invite,
force,
get,
beg,
allow,
help,
wish,
want,
like,
hate,
prefer,
expect,
encourage,
advise,
persuade,
instruct,
permit,
request,
order,
warn,
cause,
urge,
call
on,
depend
on,
long
for,
wait
for等，构成V+sb.+to
do结构。例如：
①I
didn’t
mean
you
to
hear
it.
②We
are
longing
for
the
new
term
to
begin.
（2）在感官动词（see,
hear,
feel,
listen
to
,
notice,
watch,
observe等）和使役动词（let,
have,make
）后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。（注意：let,
have不用于被动语态）例如：
①I
saw
him
play
in
the
park.
→He
was
seen
to
play
in
the
park.
②The
boss
made
those
men
work
day
and
night.
→Those
men
were
made
to
work
day
and
night.
注意：tell、advise等动词后面可以接“连接代词或连接副词+to
do”作宾语补足语。例如：
You
did
not
tell
me
how
to
pronounce
the
word.
动名词
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
否定式
not
doingnot
having
done
not
being
donenot
having
been
done
动名词的基本形式是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成，动名词具有动词和名词的特点：动词的特点体现在它可以有自己的宾语、状语和补足语，有时态和语态的变化；名词的特点体现在它可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
一、动名词的时态、语态和否定形式
动名词的时态有一般式和完成式；语态有主动和语态和被动语态；动名词的否定式是直接在其前面加上not。以do为例，列表说明如下：
动名词的时态。动名词的一般式表示的动作通常是一般性的动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或者是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作；完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：
①I
am
interested
in
playing
basketball.
②He
didn’t
mention
having
met
you
at
the
meeting.
动名词的语态。如果句子的主语是该动名词动作的承受者，即句子的主语与动名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，则动名词要用被动形式。例如：
①She
didn’t
mind
being
left
at
home.(句子的主语she与动词leave构成动宾关系，且动作基本同时发生。)
②I
forgot
having
been
told
about
it.
(句子的主语I与动词tell构成动宾关系，且动作已经完成。)
二、动名词的语法功能
1.作主语：动名词做主语可以放在句首，有时候也可以用it做形式主语，常常构成一些固定句型，如：It’s
a
waste
of
time
doing...；It’s
no
use/good
doing...例如：
①Teaching
is
my
full-time
job.
②Writing
an
English
composition
is
not
easy.
③It’s
a
waste
of
time
arguing
with
him.
④It’s
no
use
taking
this
kind
of
medicine.
2.作宾语：
（1）作动词的宾语。只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有：resist、mind、suggest、delay、keep、look
forward
to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practice、finish、succeed
in、consider、can’t
help、miss等。例如：
①I
have
just
finished
doing
my
home
work.
②I
suggested
asking
his
brother
for
some
money.
③He
keeps
buying
expensive
maps.
【注意】以下几个动词或短语后面跟动名词作宾语和跟动词不定式作宾语意义不同：mean，remember，stop，forget，regret，try，go
on。
forget
regret
try
go
on
remember
mean
to
do
sth.停下来去做某事
stop
doing
sth.停止做某事
例如：
①Please
stop
talking.
②Let’s
stop
to
have
a
rest.
③I
regret
telling
him
the
secret.
④I
regret
to
tell
you
that
you
have
missed
the
exam.
（2）作介词的宾语，常用于固定短语和句型中。如：be/get
used
to,devote...to...,look
forward
to,pay
attention
to,get
down
to,think
of,be
proud
of,prevent...from...,keep...from....,be
engaged
in,feel
like以及have
some/no/any
difficulty(trouble)
in,
have
fun(pleasure)
in,
have
a
good(hard)
time,there
is
no
need/use/good/harm/hurry(in)等。例如：
①We
are
thinking
of
making
a
new
plan
for
the
next
term.
②There
is
no
need
arguing
with
him.
3.作表语：动名词作表语时，句子的主语常常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等关系，表示主语的内容，主语与表语可互换位置。例如：
①My
job
is
teaching.
=
Teaching
is
my
job.
②Her
full-time
job
is
laying
eggs.
=Laying
eggs
is
her
full-time
job.
③What
I
hate
most
is
being
laughed
at.
4.作定语:动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
a
washing
machine
＝
a
machine
for
washing
a
swimming
pool
＝
a
pool
for
swimming
分词（现在分词和过去分词）
过去分词只有一种形式，即done，没有其他变化形式，而现在分词有时态和语态的变化。如下表所示（以do为例）。
分词的语法功能：
及物动词
不及物动词
主
动
被
动
主
动
一般式
doing
being
done
doing
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
having
done
1.
作定语:现在分词作定语，可以表示名词的用途，也可以表示主动意义或正在进行的动作或当时的状态，此时现在分词在意义上相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。一般而言，单个的分词作定语要放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。例如：
a
developing
country
＝
a
country
which
is
developing
a
sleeping
boy＝
a
boy
who
is
sleeping
①The
man
standing
at
the
window
is
our
teacher.
②?Polluted
air
and
water
are
harmful
to
people's
health.
③The
building
built
last
year
was
a
hospital.
④The
meeting
being
held
now
is
very
important.
【注意】如果两个动词有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而用定语从句，即现在分词的完成主动式having
done以及完成被动式having
been
done不能作定语。如，我们不能说：
I
have
heard
of
the
accident
having
happened
yesterday.而是用定语从句代替：I
have
heard
of
the
accident
that
happened
yesterday.
再如，我们不能说：
I
didn’t
find
my
wallet
having
been
stolen.而用定语从句：
I
didn’t
find
my
wallet
which
had
been
stolen.
2.
作状语:现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。?
特点:1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致.
2.
表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while
或when
引导。3.如果主语不一致，要采用独立主格结构。
现在分词的一般式doing和完成主动式having
done作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。doing表示的动作和句子的谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生或现在分词的动作正在发生；having
done则表示其动作先于句子的谓语动词的动作发生。例如：
①Hearing
the
bell,the
students
entered
the
classroom.(时间)
②Hearing
the
cry
for
help,
he
rushed
out.(时间)
③While
reading
the
book,
he
nodded
from
time
to
time.(时间)
④Having
finished
his
work,he
went
home.(时间)
⑤Seeing
from
the
hill,
you
can
get
the
whole
town.(条件)
⑥Not
having
received
an
answer,he
decided
to
write
another
letter.(原因)
⑦The
students
ran
out
of
the
classroom,
talking
and
laughing
.(伴随)
⑧Football
is
played
all
around
the
world,
making
it
the
most
popular
sport.(结果)
过去分词done和现在分词的完成被动式having
been
done作状语时，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。而且表示的动作在句子的谓语动词之前就已经发生。例如：
①Given（=Having
been
given）a
wrong
number，I
couldn’t
contact
him
over
the
phone.（原因）
②Having
been
warned
many
times,they
became
more
and
more
careful
in
doing
the
job.（时间）
③Seen
from
the
hill,
the
whole
town
is
beautiful.（条件）
④Not
satisfied
with
the
result,
we
decided
to
do
the
experiment
again.（原因）
⑤He
entered
the
room,followed
by
his
girlfriend
.（伴随）
⑥If
allowed,
he
would
eat
all
the
food
in
the
house.（条件）
【注意】分词作状语时，如果分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则通常在它前面加上它的主语构成独立主格结构，即“n.
+
-ed/-ing”。（非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。）例如：
①Her
work
finished（=After
her
work
had
been
finished）,
she
sat
down
for
a
cup
of
tea.
②There
being
no
taxis（=Because
there
was
no
taxis）,
we
had
to
walk.
③Weather
permitting
(=If
weather
permits),
they
will
go
on
an
outing
tomorrow.
④An
important
lecture
to
be
given
tomorrow
(=Because
an
important
lecture
will
be
given
tomorrow),
the
professor
has
to
stay
up
late
into
the
night.
⑤He
was
lying
on
the
grass,his
hands
crossed
under
his
head(=and
his
hands
were
crossed
under
his
head)
有时也用"with(without)+名词(或代词宾格)+分词"的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。例如：
He
fell
asleep
with
the
lamp
burning.
补充：其他形式的独立主格结构（n.
+不定式;
n.
+介词短语;
n.
+形容词;
n.
+副词）例如：
①He
is
going
to
make
a
model
plane,
some
old
parts
to
help.
②The
boy
goes
to
the
classroom,book
in
hand.
③So
many
people
absent,
the
meeting
had
to
be
called
off.
④The
meeting
over,
they
all
went
home.
作宾补:
现在分词做宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词之间与主语之间有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有：make、let、have、look
at、see、watch、hear、listen
to、notice、feel。（三让、三看、两听、注意感觉）。例如：
①I
heard
the
girl
singing
in
the
classroom.
②I
saw
a
long
queue
outside
the
bank
waiting
for
it
to
open.
③The
baby
watched
his
dad
shaving
his
face
with
interest.
?④We
saw
the
teacher
making
the
experiment
.
过去分词做宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词做宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词做宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已经完成。能借过去分词做宾补的常见动词有：have，make，see，hear，find，leave，want等。例如：
①I've
never
heard
the
song
sung
in
English.
②I
saw
the
horse
tied
to
a
tree.
③People
found
the
thief
escaped.
??4.作表语:分词放在系动词后面作表语。现在分词作表语指物，过去分词作表语指人。例如：
①The
movie
is
inspiring.
②He
is
inspired
by
the
movie.
③The
story
he
told
us
was
very
interesting.
④He
is
interested
in
English.
高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·非谓语动词
考点规律分析：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号
to
的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。语法填空主要涉及非谓语动词的形式选择。
非谓语动词单句改错之真题训练：
1.
David
and
I
wanted
go
off
to
find
help
but
Bill
insisted
on
staying
near
the
car.
2.
…rather
than
go
into
the
forest
and
getting
lost.
3.David
pointed
to
a
path
which
he
thought
would
probably
leading
to
a
village.
4.
I
went
back
to
get
David
and
helped
him
to
stood
up.
5.Charles
and
Linda
Mason
do
all
of
these
things
as
well
as
climbed
building.
6.Modern
people
know
more
about
health,
have
better
food,
and
to
live
in
clearer
surroundings.
7.The
World
Health
Organization
and
other
organizations
are
working
improve
health
all
over
the
world.
8.…you
pay
the
cost
of
send
a
postcard,
the
librarian
will
write
to
you.
9....and
let
you
to
know
when
the
book
you
want
has
returned.
10.
I
want
to
thank
you
again
for
have
me
in
your
home
for
the
summer
holidays.
11.
I
had
always
wanted
return
to
the
village
after
moving
away.
12.It
was
very
kind
of
them
to
meet
me
at
the
railway
station
and
drove
me
to
their
home.
13.I
look
forward
to
hear
from
you
soon.
14.
Play
football
not
only
makes
us
grow
up
tall
and
strong
but
also
gives
us
a
sense
of
fair
play
and
team
spirit.
15.
I
was
often
a
little
tired
after
a
day’s
work
and
watch
TV
demands
very
little
effort.
16.I’d
like
very
much
come
but
I
have
an
examination
on
Monday
morning.
17.
I’ll
spend
the
whole
weekend
reading
and
prepare
for
it.
18.
But
then
there
is
always
more
mysteries
look
into.
19.After
learn
the
basics
of
the
subject,
nothing
else
seemed
very
practical
to
me.
20.
My
parents
love
me
dearly
of
course
and
will
do
all
they
can
make
sure
that
I
get
a
good
education.
21.He
did
not
want
share
things
with
other
people.
22.That
is,
a
game
of
tennis
making
him
very
busy.
23.
As
we
climbed
the
mountain,
we
fed
monkeys,
visiting
temples
and
told
stories.
24.
But
his
parents
think
go
to
college
is
more
important
than
playing
sports.
25.
…children
may
not
develop
the
habit
of
read
and
the
ability
to
enjoy
themselves.
26.…to
make
children
to
want
things
that
they
don’t
really
need.
27.
Soon
I
began
to
enjoy
talk
to
myself
on
paper
as
I
was
learning
to
express
myself
in
simple
English.
28.
Shake
her
head,
she
said,“It
isn’t
a
good
time
to
do
that,
dear.”
29.It’s
like
going
to
a
huge
library
without
have
to
walk
around
to
find
your
books.
30.
I
am
thinking
of
making
a
trip
to
London,
and
visit
the
British
Museum
and
some
parks.
31.
I
have
some
records
giving
to
me
as
birthday
gifts.
32.
I
dream
of
standing
on
the
platform
in
the
classroom
and
give
lessons
to
lovely
boys
and
girls.
非谓语动词单句改错之模拟训练：
1.
In
those
days
we
were
forced
work
twelve
hours
a
day.
2.
It’s
very
difficult
for
a
foreigner
learn
Chinese.
3.
It
was
silly
of
you
believe
what
he
said.
4.
He
was
made
wash
the
boss’s
car
once
a
day.
5.
I’ll
let
you
to
know
as
soon
as
I
hear
from
her.
6.
I
waved
to
her
but
failed
attract
her
attention.
7.
I
have
already
seen
the
film
twice.
I
don’t
want
see
it
any
more.
8.
What
I
want
know
is
when
all
this
happened.
9.
It
was
clear
that
he
wanted
be
alone.
10.Most
children
are
interested
in
listen
to
stories.
11.Walk
quickly
is
difficult
for
an
old
man.
12.
Be
careful
in
cross
the
street.
13.
The
film
is
very
interesting.
It
is
worth
see
twice.
14.Find
work
is
very
difficult
these
days.
15.
Most
of
us
students
enjoy
ask
questions
in
English.
16.
Look,
some
of
my
classmates
are
practising
speak
English.
17.
Teach
a
child
to
sing
and
dance
is
very
interesting.
18.
Learn
to
speak
English
is
more
difficult
than
to
write
it.
19.
My
friend
Jim
is
very
good
at
making
things
and
repair
things.
20.
He
decided
to
go
to
the
south,
find
a
good
job
and
living
there.
21.
It
was
very
kind
of
you
to
buy
us
so
much
fruit
and
seeing
us
at
the
station.
22.
Excuse
me,
would
you
to
tell
me
the
way
to
the
zoo?
非谓语动词单句改错之提升训练：
1.
A
lot
of
money
has
been
spent
to
buy
the
book.
2.
You
will
have
to
pay
the
cost
of
send
a
postcard.
3.
What
he
did
was
puzzled.
4.
I
will
spend
a
week
reading
and
prepare
for
the
examination.
5.
Charles
and
Linda
do
all
of
these
things
as
well
as
climbed
buildings.
6.
Yesterday
I
had
my
bad
tooth
pulling
out.
7.
I
heard
her
singing
a
song
which
moved
me
to
tears.
8.
I
made
a
terrible
mistake.
I
regretted
not
to
taking
your
advice.
9.
When
we
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain,
we
stopped
to
having
a
rest
before
we
went
down
the
mountain.
10.
There’ll
be
a
good
film
tonight,
remember
to
seeing
it
on
time!
11.
The
game
was
over,
she
went
home.
12.
When
speaking,
you
must
make
yourself
hear.
13.
She
pretended
not
to
seeing
me
when
I
came
in.
14.
Abraham
Lincoln
was
considered
to
being
one
of
the
greatest
of
all
American
presidents.
15.
Following
by
the
officers,
the
general
inspected
the
army.
16.
There’s
something
wrong
with
my
car,
and
it
needs
repaired.
17.
Don’t
burn
the
falling
leaves
on
the
ground.
18.
Losing
in
thought,
he
almost
ran
into
a
car
in
front
of
him.
19.
I
enjoy
listen
to
the
classic
music.
20.
Judge
by
what
he
wears,
he
is
a
farmer.
学习札记：
_______________________________________________________
非谓语动词单句改错之真题训练：
1.wanted
后加
to，因为want
后要接不定式
2.
getting
改
get，因为
get
与其前的go
并列
3.
leading
改为
lead，因为其前有助动词
would
4.stood
改为
stand，因为
to
stand
up
在此为不定式结构
5.climbed
改为
climb
/
climbing，若将
as
well
as
视为连词，则将
climbed
改为
climb，因为它与其前的
do
并列；若将
as
well
as
视为介词，则
climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词
6.去掉live
前的
to，因为
live
与其前的
know,
have
并列
7.
improve前加to，to
improve…为表目的的不定式短语
8.send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语
9.去掉
know
前的
to，因为其前有动词
let
10.have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语
11.return前加
to，因为
want
后要接不定式
12.
drove改为
drive，因为
drive
与其前的
to
meet
并列，此处的
drive
为省略
to
的不定式
13.
hear改为
hearing，因为其前的
to
是介词
14.
第一个play改为
playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语
15.
watch改为
watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语
16.
come
前加
to，因为
would
like
后接不定式
17.prepare
改为
preparing，因为它与其前的
reading
并列，与其前所用的动词
spend
有关
18.look
前加
to，此处为不定式作后置定语
19.learn
改为learning，因为介词后接动名词作宾语
20.make
前加
to，因为
to
make…
在此用作目的状语，注意句型
do
all
one
can
to
do
sth
21.want
后加
to，因为want
后要接不定式
22.
making
改为made，因为缺谓语，不能用非谓语形式，根据上下文用一般过去时
23.visiting
改为
visited，因为它与其前的
fed
和其后的
told
并列
24.go
改为
going，因为动词原形不能用作主语
25.read
改为
reading，因为介词后要接动名词
26.去掉
want
前的
to，因为
want…在此用作使役动词
make
的宾语补足语
27.talk
改为
talking，因为动词
enjoy
后要接动名词作宾语
28.Shake
改为
Shaking，现在分词表伴随
29.have
改为
having，介词后用动名词作宾语
30.visit
改为
visiting，因visit与making并列，作介词of的宾语
31.giving
改为
given，“把某物给某人”是give
sth
to
sb；句中records与give是被动关系，故用过去分词
32.
give改为giving，因它与standing并列，作dream
of的宾语
非谓语动词单句改错之模拟训练：
1.
work
前加
to，此句为
force
sb
to
do
sth
的被动形式。
2.
learn
前加
to，此句用的是
it’s
difficult
for
sb
to
do
sth
句型。
3.
believe
前加
to，此句用的是
it’s
silly
of
sb
to
do
sth
句型。
4.wash
前加
to，make
sb
do
sth
中的
do
不能带to，但若
make
用于被动语态，则其后的
do
要带
to。
5.
去掉
to，因为
let
后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带
to。
6.
attract
前加
to，fail
to
do
sth
意为“未能做某事”。
7.see
前加
to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
8.
know
前加
to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
9.be
前加
to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
10.
listen
改为
listening，介词后接动名词作宾语。
11.
Walk
改为
Walking，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。注意不能将
walk
视为名词，因为其后有副词修饰语
quickly。
12.
cross
改为
crossing，介词后接动名词作宾语。
13.
see
改为
seeing，worth
后接动词要用动名词形式。
14.
Find
改为
Finding，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。
15.
ask
改为
asking，enjoy
后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。
16.
speak
改为
speaking，practise
后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。
17.
Teach
改为
Teaching，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。
18.
Learn
改为
Learning，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。
19.
repair
改为
repairing，因它与
making
并列，一起用作介词
at
的宾语。
20.
living
改为
live，因它与其前的
go
to…,
find…
并列。
21.
seeing
改为
see，因它与
to
buy
并列，see
为省略
to
的不定式。
22.
去掉
tell
前的
to，因
would
you…
后应接动词原形，不接不定式。
非谓语动词单句改错之提升训练：
1.
to
buy改为buying。
2.
send改为sending。介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。
3.
puzzled改为puzzling。puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。
4.
prepare改为preparing。preparing和前面的
reading是并列结构。
5.
climbed改为climbing。as
well
as是介词短语，后面接动名词或名词。
6.
pulling改为pulled。have
the
tooth
pulled
out表示“请人拔牙”的意思。
7.
singing改为sing。从后面可以看出来，“我”听完了整首歌曲，强调动作的全过程，用不定式作宾补。
8.
去掉to，用动名词表示对已发生过的事情的后悔。
9.
having改为have。stop的目的是have
a
rest。
10.
seeing改为
see。还未看电影。
11.
was改为being。独立主格结构。
12.
hear改为heard。make
oneself
heard意为“使别人听到自己的话”。
13.
seeing改为
see。pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。
14.
being改为be。consider后用不定式作宾补。
15.
following改为followed。过去分词表被动。
16.
repaired
改为repairing。动名词主动形式，表被动意义。
17.
falling改为fallen。过去分词作定语，强调动作的完成。
18.
losing改为lost。be
lost
in
thought
表示“陷入深思”。
19.
listen改为listening。enjoy后面用动名词作宾语。
20.
Judge改为Judging。Judging
by…为一固定说法。授课教案
学员姓名：_____________
授课教师：_
所授科目：
学员年级：__________
上课时间：____年__月__日____时___分至____时___分共___小时
教学标题
掌握非谓语动词的用法
教学目标
理解非谓语动词的各种用法并灵活运用
教学重难点
记忆后接不定式及动名词的词及词组
上次作业检查
授课内容：
一
复习上次课内容①听写单词
②复习重点语法及知识点等
③评讲作业上的习题二
梳理知识（新课内容）
①非谓语动词的使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,
又没有连词的情况下,
还有别的动词出现时，就需要使用非谓语动词。
②基本形式：主动被动一般式to
doto
be
done否定式not
to
donot
to
be
done完成时to
have
doneto
have
been
done进行式to
be
doing无
③在句子中所做成分分析：主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分
词√√√√三
典型例题用see的正确形式填空：（1）_______
from
the
top
of
the
hill,
our
house
looks
like
a
car.
（2）_______
the
dog
come
over,
our
friend
ran
away.（3）_______
from
the
top
of
a
hill,
and
you’ll
find
the
city
more
beautiful.（4）_______
more
clearly,
they
came
up
and
got
close
to
it.解析：（1）house与see是被动关系，用seenfriend与see是主动关系，用seeing有and连接，用祈使句，see表目的，to
see四
课堂练习用sing的正确形式填空：I
heard
her
______(
sing)
an
English
song
just
now.
2.
I
heard
her
_________
(sing)
an
English
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
3.
She
was
often
heard_________(sing)
an
English
song.4.
I
heard
the
English
song
______(
sing)
many
times.
5.
I
heard
the
English
song
____________(
sing)
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
6.
The
English
song
was
heard
________many
times.五
课堂小结六
下次课内容说明：1上完课后请教师在教案首尾签姓名，填好授课时间。
2
请不要在教案上涂改。
作业：
学员课堂表现：
签字确认
学员_____________
教师_____________
班主任_____________非谓语动词练习
选择题
Once
he
falls
asleep,
I
have
great
difficulty
______
him
up.
wake
B.
waken
C.
to
wake
D.
waking
There
is
a
note
pinned
to
the
door
______
when
the
shop
will
open
again.
saying
B.
says
C.
said
D.
having
said
_______ourselves
from
the
physical
and
mental
tensions,
we
each
need
deep
thought
and
inner
quietness.
A.
having
freed
B.
Freed
C.
To
free
D.
Freeing
When
we
saw
the
road
______
with
snow,
we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.
A.
block
B.
to
block
C.
blocking
D.
blocked
Cleaning
woman
in
big
cities
usually
get
______by
the
hour.
A.
pay
B.
paying
C.
paid
D.
to
pay
______in
1636,
Harvard
is
one
of
the
most
famous
universities
in
the
United
States.
A.
Being
founded
B.
It
was
founded
C.
Founded
D.
Founding
The
____boy
was
last
seen
______near
the
East
Lake.
missing,
playing
B.
missing,
play
C.
missed
,played
D.
missed
,to
play
8.
He
sent
me
an
e-mail
,_______to
get
further
information.
A.
hoped
B.
hoping
C.
to
hope
D.
hope
9.
Tony
was
very
unhappy
for
_______
to
the
party.
A.
having
not
been
invited
B.
not
having
invited
C.
having
not
invited
D.
not
having
been
invited
10.
Robert
is
said
_______abroad,
but
I
don’t
know
which
country
he
studied
in
.
A.
to
have
studied
B.
to
study
C.
to
be
study
D.
to
have
been
studying
11.
---Let
me
tell
you
something
about
the
journalists.
---Don’t
you
remember
______me
the
story
yesterday?
told
B.
telling
C
.to
tell
D.
to
have
told
12.I
regret
_____you
that
we
are
unable
to
offer
you
employment
.
A.
to
have
inform
B.
having
inform
C.
to
inform
D.
informing
13.Did
you
see
that
boy
_______the
police
over
there.
A.
questioned
B.
to
be
questioned
C.
being
questioned
D.
questioning
14.There’s
no
need
_______.We
have
got
plenty
of
time.
A.
having
B.
to
hurry
C.
to
be
hurried
D
being
hurried
15.If
_____,the
experiment
will
be
successful.
A.carefully
doing
B
.
it
done
carefully
C.
carefully
done
D.
doing
carefully
16._____a
reply,
he
decided
to
write
again.
A.
Not
receiving
B.
Receiving
C.
Not
having
received
D.
Having
not
received
17.With
lots
of
trees
and
flowers
_____here
and
there,
the
city
looks
very
beautiful.
A.
having
planted
B.
planted
C.
have
been
planted
D.
to
be
planted
18.The
detective,_____to
read
a
newspaper,
glanced
at
the
man
______next
to
a
woman.
A.
pretending
,seat
B.
pretending
,seated
C.
pretended,
seating
D.
pretended,
sat
19.-
Shall
we
go
swimming?
-Ok,
I’ll
just
go
and
get
_______.
A.
to
change
B.
changing
C.
changed
D.
it
changed
20.The
way
he
had
the
problem
_____his
ability.
A.setting
showed
B.
settled
showing
C.
settled
showed
D.
settled
showing
21.There
______to
buses,
we
had
no
choice
but
_______at
a
small
hotel
for
the
night.
A.were
,to
stay
B.
being
,
to
stay
C.
being
,stay
D.
were
,stay
22.Rather
than
_____on
a
crowed
bus,
I
prefer
____to
work
every
day.
A.to
ride
,to
walk
B.
riding
,walking
C.
ride
,to
walk
D.
to
ride,
walking
23.
When
I
passed
the
park
I
saw
the
grass
______by
some
workers
with
lawn
movers.
A.
cut
B
to
be
cut
C.
being
cut
D.
cutting
24.The
boy
with
leg
______needs
___.
A.broken,
being
looked
after
B.
breaking,
to
look
after
C.broken,
looking
after
D.breaking,
to
be
looked
after
25.I
wondered
whether
the
film
was
_____worth____.
A.
very,
to
see
B.
well,
seeing
C.
very
,beginning
D.
well
,
to
be
seen
26.The
man
managed
to
make
himself
____with
his
_____French.
A.understood,
breaking
B.
understand
,broken
C.
understand
,breaking
D.
understood
,broken
27.It
is
foolish
______such
a
mistake.
A.
for
me；to
make
B.
for
me；making
C.
of
me；to
make
D.
of
me；making
28.Tom
kept
quiet
about
the
accident
___lose
his
job.
A.
so
not
as
to
B.
so
as
not
to
C.
so
as
to
not
D.
not
so
as
to
29.She
reached
the
top
the
hill
and
stopped
______on
a
big
rock
by
the
side
of
the
path.
A.to
have
rested
B.
resting
C.
to
rest
D.
rest
30.The
next
morning
she
found
the
man
______in
bed
,dead.
A.lying
B.lie
C.
lay
D.
laying
31..I
was
told
that
there
were
about
50
foreign
students
________
Chinese
in
the
school，most
____
were
from
Germany.
A.study;
of
whom
B.study;
of
them
C.studying;
of
them
D.studying;
of
whom
32._______
and
I’ll
get
the
work
finished.
A.Have
one
more
hour
B.One
more
hour
C.Given
one
more
hour
D.If
I
have
one
more
hour
33.He
hurried
to
the
station
only
_______
that
the
train
had
left.
A.to
find
B.finding
C.found
D.to
have
found
34.Victor
apologized
for
________
to
inform
me
of
the
change
in
the
plan.
A.his
being
not
able
B.him
not
to
be
able
C.his
not
being
able
D.him
to
be
not
able
单句语法填空
He
spent
as
much
time
as
he
can
_______
(go)
over
the
lesson.
When
______(leave)
behind
,
the
little
girl
always
cries
for
Mum.
_______(see)
from
the
moon
,our
earth
,with
water
__________
(cover)
seventy
percent
of
its
surface,
appears
as
a
“blue
ball”
He
is
said
________(die)
for
five
years.
John
was
made
_________(wash)
the
truck
for
a
week
as
a
punishment.
It’s
no
use
________(argue)
with
him.
His
parents
suggested
_______(sleep)
in
the
hotel
room
but
their
kids
were
anxious
to
camp
out
during
the
trip.
There
are
hundreds
of
visitors
________(wait)
in
front
of
the
Art
Gallery
to
have
a
look
at
Van
Gogh’s
paintings.
He
got
well-prepared
for
the
job
interview，for
he
couldn’t
risk
________(lose)
the
good
opportunity.
_________(lose)
in
the
mountains
for
a
week，the
two
students
were
finally
saved
by
the
local
police.
_________
(attract)
by
the
beauty
of
nature，the
girl
from
London
decided
to
spend
another
two
days
on
the
farm.
The
old
man，________(work)
abroad
for
twenty
years，is
on
the
way
back
to
his
motherland.
The
news
reporters
hurried
to
the
airport，only
_______(tell)
the
film
stars
had
left.
________(compare)
with
the
size
of
the
whole
earth，the
biggest
ocean
does
not
seem
big
at
all.
The
pilot
asked
all
the
passengers
on
board
to
remain
_______
(seat)
as
the
plane
was
making
a
landing.
A
cook
will
be
immediately
fired
if
he
is
found
________(smoke)
in
the
kitchen.
In
some
parts
of
London，missing
a
bus
means
________(wait)
for
another
hour.
Sandy
could
do
nothing
but
________(admit)
to
his
teacher
that
he
was
wrong.
Mr
Reed
made
up
his
mind
to
devote
all
he
had
to
________
(set)
up
some
schools
for
poor
children.
The
picture
_________(hang)
on
the
wall
is
painted
by
my
nephew.
The
managers
discussed
the
plan
that
they
would
like
to
see
________(carry)
out
the
next
year
With
a
lot
of
difficult
problems
________(settle)，the
newly-elected
president
is
having
a
hard
time.
参考答案
一、单选题
1.
选D。考点：have
difficulty/trouble/problems
(in)
doing
sth
2.
选A。考点：note和say是主动关系，所以用saying.
3.
选C。为了让我们从身心的压力中解脱出来，我们需要深度思考及内在的安宁。
4.
选D。句意:当我们看到路上被雪覆盖时，我们决定在家里度假。此处用非谓语动词作宾补，动词block与see的宾语the
road之间为被动关系，构成短语see
sb/
sth
done。
5.
选C。考点：get
done结构表被动。
6.
选C。考点：found为‘创办’的意思，与Harvard是被动关系。
7.
选A。missing为adj,
修饰boy;
see
sb
do/doing结构。
8.
选B。He和hope是主动关系
9.
选D。考点：①句意：‘被邀请’--->被动
②非谓语的完成时：表‘先后关系’，且否定放前面。
10.
选A。考点：根据studied可知，已经出国，故用完成时表先后。
11.
选B。Remember
doing
sth记得做过某事
12.
选C。Regret
doing
sth后悔做过某事
regret
to
do
遗憾要去做
13.
选C。句意：正在背盘问---》being
done
14.
选B。There
is
no
need
to
do
sth没必要做某事
15.
选C。Experiment和do之间表被动
16.
选C。Receive在decided之前发生，应用完成时的否定。
17.
选B。With的复合结构，plant与flower是被动关系。
18.
选B。侦探detective与pretend是主动关系，man与seat是被动关系。
19.
选C。Get
done结构，这里get
changed意为“换衣服”。
20.
选C。Have
done结构，show为way的谓语动词。
21.
选B。前面为非谓语，后面have
no
choice
but
to
do.
22.
选C。Prefer
to
do
rather
than
do宁愿做...而不愿做...
23.
选C。See宾语
doing
sth看见...正在做...，由by可知为被动
24.
选C。With
宾语
done使...被...，need
doing=need
to
be
done
25.
选B。Worth为adj,
be
worth
doing
用主动表被动
26.
选D。Make
宾语
done;第二空broken为adj
27.
选C。It
is
adj
+of
sb
to
do
sth这个句型中，adj修饰人
28.
选B。为了不失去工作，so
as
not
to
29.
选C。Stop
to
do
sth停下来做某事
30.
选A。男人与lie躺为主动关系，lie的现在分词为lying
31.
选D。that从句中已有谓语动词were，故用非谓语形式。而study
与student之间是主动关系，故第一空用studying；又因为最后半句有were为谓语动词，所以应为一个句子，逗号不能连接两个句子，故用引导词连接。
选B。原句已有and这个连词连接，故不能再出现非谓语和从句引导词。
选A。不定式表出人意料的结果
选C。独立主格结构
一、语法填空题
1.
going.
考点：spend
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.
2.
left.
原句When
the
girl
is
left
behind,
状语从句主语一致时，省略主语和be动词
3.
seen,
covering.主语earth与seen为被动,water与cover为主动关系
4.
to
have
been
dead.
考察延续性动词。
5.
to
wash.
Make
宾语
do
sth的被动为...be
made
to
do
6.
arguing.
It’s
no
use
doing
sth做某事无用
7.
sleeping.
Suggest
doing
sth
8.
waiting.
Visitor与wait为主动关系
9.
losing.
risk
doing
sth冒险做某事
10.
lost.
Lose与students为被动关系
11.
Attracted.
Be
attracted
by被...吸引
12.
having
worked.
13.
to
be
told.不定式表出人意料的结果，且是‘被告知’之意。
14.
compared.
Ocean是被比较的对象。
15.
seated.
Remain+adj表示状态
16.
smoking.
考察Find
宾语
doing
sth的被动结构
17.
waiting.
Mean
doing
sth
意味着做...
18.admit.前面有实义动词do，后面用动词原形
19.
setting.
Devote
to
doing
20.
hanging
21.
carried
22.
settle
