02
冠词
【命题解读】
冠词是历年高考的必考点,常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套试题来看,在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。在日常交际中,几乎每说一句话、每写一篇日记、每读一篇文章都会涉及冠词的运用。故不论高考的考查形式如何变化,冠词仍应是高考复习的重点。
【命题预测】
预计2022年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主,以语篇型语法填空形式出现,它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。
【复习建议】
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则:
1.
单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指;
2.
复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时,其前不加冠词;
3.
无论可数名词还是不可数名词,表示特指时,其前都要加定冠词the。
一 不定冠词
1.
不定冠词有a和an
两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
In
a
university,
a
European
and
a
one-eyed
man
walked
along
a
one-way
road
with
a
useful
tool.
This
is
a
usual
thing.
在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
An
hour
ago,
an
honest
man
accepted
an
unusual
gift
and
went
to
finish
an
honorable
task.一小时前,一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,去完成一项光荣的任务。
2.
不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。
The
"Chinese
Dream"
is
a
dream
to
improve
people’s
well-being
and
a
dream
of
harmony,
peace
and
development."中国梦"是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
3.
表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
When
the
Ashleys
tried
to
make
her
return,
Mumbet
consulted
a
lawyer,
Theodore
Sedgewick.
当
Ashleys一家试图让她回来时,Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
4.
用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
—Excuse
me,
is
there
a
Mr
Tailor
living
in
the
neighborhood?There
is
a
parcel
for
him.
—Sorry,
but
there
is
no
such
person
here.
——劳驾,这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。
——对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。
5.
不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示"再一,又一"。
She
didn’t
like
the
color
of
the
two
bags
and
asked
for
a
third
one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。
6.
表示单位时间内的频度,含有"每"的概念。
The
medicine
is
to
be
taken
three
times
a
day.
这药每天吃三次。
7.
具有动作意义的名词在与have,take,make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。
如:take
a
look看一看;have
a
try试一试。
You
had
better
go
to
the
factory
and
have
a
look.
你最好到厂里去看一看。
8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a
waste
of浪费……;all
of
a
sudden突然地;as
a
rule通常。
It
hit
me
all
of
a
sudden
that
I
had
forgotten
her
birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日给忘了。
【典例示例】
1.
(2020
?
全国卷III?
短文改错)Each?of?my?cafes?will?have?a?different?theme?and?an?unique?style.
【答案】an改为a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我的咖啡馆都有不同的主题和独特的风格。unique独特的,是以辅音音素开头的单词,故其前用冠词a,不能用冠词an。
2.
(2020
?
全国卷II
?
语法填空)When
we
got
a
call
68
(say)she
was
short-listed,
we
thought
it
was
69
joke.
【答案】68.
saying
69.
a
【解析】句意:当我们收到一个电话说她入围候选人了,我们认为那是一个笑话。joke是可数名词的单数,故前用冠词a。
3.(2020
?
全国卷II
?
短文改错)As
the
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watching
them,
my
parents
would
not
to
let
me.
【答案】the改为a
【解析】考查冠词。这里表示"作为一个孩子",a用在表示泛指的单数名词前,the表示特指。故把the改为a。
4.(2020
?全国卷I?语法填空)As
65
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as
a
result表示"结果"。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
5.(2020?全国卷III?语法填空)But
unlike
her
school
friends,
16-year-old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half-term
resting
(rest).
Instead,
she
is
earning
?6500
a
day
as
62
model
in
New
York.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处泛指
"一个",故填a。
二 定冠词
1.
用在名词前表示特指。
—Did
you
enjoy
yourself
yesterday?
—Yes,
as
you
know,
the
party
went
on
in
a
pleasant
atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗?
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
Do
you
know
who
invented
the
telephone?你知道是谁发明了电话吗?
3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和最高级前。
Do
you
know
which
story
is
the
more
interesting
of
the
two?你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣?
4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
Marco
Polo
is
said
to
have
sailed
on
the
Pacific
Ocean
on
his
way
to
Java
in
the
thirteenth
century.
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。
Many
of
the
injured
are
still
in
danger.许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
6.
用在表示计量的名词前如by
the
hour,
by
the
dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by
weight,
by
height等。
—It’s
said
John
will
be
in
a
job
paying
over
$
60,
000
a
year.
—Right,
he
will
also
get
paid
by
the
week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60,
000美元的工作。
——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。
7.
定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示全家人或夫妻俩。
The
Whites
settled
down
in
Canada
last
year.
去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
8.
用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
the
east
东部
play
the
piano
弹钢琴
【典例示例】
1.
(2020
?浙江卷?语法填空)Everybody
wears
57
same
style
of
clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是"相同的",常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
2.
(2020?全国卷I?短文改错)During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
【答案】在countryside前加the
【解析】countryside常与定冠词the搭配,意为"乡下,乡村"。
3.
(2020?全国卷II?语法填空)Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
62
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
【答案】the
【解析】此处特指"过去的25年",应用定冠词the。故填the。
三 零冠词
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。
Teachers
are
badly
needed
in
the
remote
districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。
Dr.
Peter
Spence,headmaster
of
the
school,told
us,"A
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
on
to
study
at
Oxford
and
Cambridge."
这所学校的校长Peter
Spence博士告诉我们,这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。
A
year
can
be
divided
into
four
seasons
—
spring,summer,autumn
and
winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
There
is
no
such
thing
as
a
free
lunch
in
the
world.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
He
became
a
doctor
while
his
brother
turned
teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
【典例示例】
1.Dr.Peter?Spence,??_________headmaster?of?the?school,?told?us,?________?fifth?of?pupils?here?go?on?to?study?at?Oxford?and?Cambridge.??
A.?不填;A???????????
B.
不填;The??????
C.?the;?The???????
D.?a;?A??
【答案】A??
【解析】句意:校长Peter?Spence告诉我们说,我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。headmaster校长,职务前面不加冠词;a?fifth表示五分之一。选A。
2.Some?people?fear?that?________?air?pollution?may?bring?about?changes?in?_______?weather?around?the?world.???
A.?/;?the???????
B.?the;?/????
???C.?an;?the??????
??D.?the;?a??
【答案】A??
【解析】air?pollution?是抽象名词这里是泛指,其前不用冠词;weather?这里是特指全球的气候,根据the?weather?around?the?world?可知答案为A。
四
冠词的位置
1.
不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a.
位于下列形容词之后:
such,what,many,half,
I
have
never
seen
such
an
animal.
Many
a
man
is
fit
for
the
job.
b.
当名词前的形容词被副词as,
so,
too,
how,
however,
enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:
It
is
as
pleasant
a
day
as
I
have
ever
spent.
So
short
a
time.
Too
long
a
distance.
c.
quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite
前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite
a
lot
d.
在as,though
引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave
a
man
though
he
is,he
trembles
at
the
sight
of
snakes.
他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2.
定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,
both,double,half,twice,three
times等词之后,名词之前。
All
the
students
in
the
class
went
out.班里的所有学生都出去了。
学习冠词的难点
一、序数词前冠词的使用问题
强调顺序时用定冠词;当不强调顺序,而是表示"又,还,再"时用不定冠词。如:
The
cakes
are
delicious.
He’d
like
to
have
________
third
one
because
________
second
one
is
rather
too
small.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
a
【答案】C
【解析】第一空表示"还,再"用不定冠词;第二空强调顺序用定冠词。句意为:蛋糕很好吃,因为他第二块太小了,所以他想再吃一块。
二、school,
bed等前面冠词的使用问题
像bed,
table,
class,
school,
college,
church,
hospital,
prison等名词,在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词,但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时,则不用冠词,此时多用于go
to或者be
in
/
at之后。如:
1.
—Where
is
Jack?
—I
think
he
is
still
in
________
bed,
but
he
might
just
be
in
________
bathroom.
A.
不填;不填
B.
the;the
C.
the;
不填
D.不填;the
【答案】D
【解析】题中bed是指其用途,即:be
in
bed在睡觉。第二空指双方都知道的洗手间。
2.
When
you
come
here
for
your
holiday
next
time,
don’t
go
to
________
hotel;
I
can
find
you
________
bed
in
my
flat.
A.
the;
a
B.
the;
不填
C.
a;
the
D.
a;
不填
【答案】A
【解析】题中bed不是指其用途,而是泛指"床"这类事物中的一个。hotel是特指这次住的那个旅馆。句意是:你下次来这里度假,就不要住那个旅馆了,我在我的公寓里帮你弄一张床。
3.
When
he
left
________
college,
he
got
a
job
as
________
reporter
in
a
newspaper
office.
A.
不填;a
B.
不填;the
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
the
【答案】A
【解析】题中college指在大学的功用,即:供人"求学",leave
college指"大学毕业"。在as后表示职业或身份的单数名词前要用不定冠词。
三、专有名词前的冠词使用问题
一般不用冠词,如John,
China等。但以下几种情况用冠词:
①"the+姓氏复数"表示"某某夫妇"或"姓某的一家人"。如:
________
will
make
a
trip
around
the
world
during
the
coming
Christmas.
A.
The
Evens
B.
The
Evens’
C.
The
Evenses
D.
Evenses’
【答案】C
【解析】"the+姓氏复数"表示"某某夫妇"或"姓某的一家人"。
②"a(n)+人名"表示"……式的人物"或"有一个名叫……的人",如:
?He
is
a
Lei
Feng.
他是一个雷锋式的人物。
?A
Smith
is
waiting
for
you
at
the
school
gate.
有一个叫史密斯的人在门口等你。
③由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the,如the
Summer
Palace,
the
United
Nations。但若是在"专
有名词(人名或地名)+普通名词"构成的专有名词前不用冠词,如Beijing
University,
Yale
University。
如:
The
most
important
thing
about
cotton
in
history
is
________
part
that
it
played
in
________
Industrial
Revolution.
A.
不填;不填
B.
the;不填
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
the
【答案】C
【解析】因为part后面有一定语从句修饰,是特指,用the;又因为工业革命是由普通名词构成的专有
名词,所以前面也要用the。
④表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the,如:
the
Gorge
of
China
(中国的高尔基)
the
China
of
the
1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)
the
Smith
you’re
looking
for(你在找的那个史密斯)
四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题
一般不用冠词,如We
all
need
water.
(我们都需要水。)
但是下列情况要用冠词:
1
特指时要加the,如:
In
Hangzhou
Mr
Green
was
so
struck
by
________
beauty
of
________
nature
that
he
stayed
for
another
night.
A.
/;
/
B.
/;
the
C.
the;
/
D.
the;
the
【答案】C
【解析】beauty后有of
短语表示特指,用the;nature作"大自然,
自然界"解是不可数名词,通常
不用冠词。
②有的抽象名词具体化后,前面要加不定冠词,如:
a
surprise一件预料之外的事
a
pity
/
shame
(一件令人遗憾的事)
a
success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)
a
pleasure(一件快乐的事),a
time(一段时间)
③不定冠词可在coffee,
tea,
beer,
drink等物质名词前表示"一杯
/
罐
/
瓶"。如:
I’d
like
a
tea(=a
cup
of
tea),
please.
我要来杯茶。
五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用问题
breakfast,
lunch,
supper等前一般不用冠词,但若受形容词修饰时用a
/
an;特指时要用the。如:
a
good
lunch(丰盛的午餐)
How
do
you
like
the
lunch?(你觉得这顿午餐怎么样?)
六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用问题
play后接西洋乐器名词时,要加定冠词。但像erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词;play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词,如play
football
/
chess
/
bridge踢足球
/
下棋
/
打桥牌。After
watching
________
TV,
she
played
________
violin
for
an
hour.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
the;
the
C.
the;
不填
D.
不填;
the
【答案】D
【解析】play作"弹、演奏"讲,后接的西洋乐器名词前要用the。watch
TV是习惯说法,不用冠词。
七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用问题
一般不用冠词,但特指时用the;受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a
/
an。如:
the
spring
of
1998
1998年的春天
a
hard
winter
一个严寒的冬天
八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用问题
含有day的节日前一般不用冠词,如May
Day,
New
Year’s
day,
Christmas
Day,
April
Fool’s
Day,
Mother’s
Day等;但仅中国才有的传统节日名称前常用the,如the
Spring
Festival(春节),
the
Mid-autumn
Festival(中秋节)。
九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使作问题
特指某人或某物时用the;但若指一类事物时用a
/
an。如:
I’d
like
to
buy
a
present
that
is
useful
but
not
expensive.
我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。
十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用问题
指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,第二个名词前不用冠词,如a
teacher
and
writer(一位教师兼作家),a
horse
and
cart(一辆马车),a
knife
and
fork(一付刀叉);但若是指两个人时,第二个名词前一般也要加冠词,如a
man
and
a
woman(一个男人和一个女人)。
十一、冠词的非前位用法
1.
不定冠词用在quite,rather,many,half,what,much等词之后。如:
?He
is
rather
a
fool.
?—What
did
you
think
of
the
concert?
—Oh,it
was
quite
a
success.
2.
不定冠词用在so(as,too,how)+形容词之后。如:
?She
is
as
clever
a
girl
as
you
can
wish
to
meet.
?It’s
too
difficult
a
book
for
us
to
read.
注意:以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用"an"。例如:an
apple。
即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头,但该词的读音是元音音素开头,加不定冠词时也要用"an",例如:an
hour,an
honest
boy;反之,拼写以元音字母开头,但读音是辅音,加不定冠词时要用"a",例如:a
university。
3.
so…that与such…that:
①so…that和such…that都作"如此……以至于"解,that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下:
so
②such…that和so…that有时可以换用,条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词,且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下:such
a/an+形容词+名词→so+形容词+a/an+名词。如:
?He
is
such
a
good
student
that
we
all
like
him.
→
He
is
so
good
a
student
that
we
all
like
him。
但是,如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词,则只能用such,不能用so修饰。如:
?It
was
such
bad
weather
that
he
had
to
stay
at
home。
③如果复数名词前有many,few,不可数名词前有much,little等表示量的形容词时,应该用so而不用such。如:
?I’ve
had
so
many
falls
that
I’m
black
and
blue
all
over.
?Mr
White
got
so
little
money
a
month
that
he
could
hardly
keep
body
and
soul
together(维持生活)。
但little不表示数量而表示"小"的意思时,仍用such。如:
?They
are
such
little
children
that
they
cannot
clean
the
house
by
themselves.
1.
Peter
won’t
drive
us
to
the
station.
He
has
________
to
take
us
all.
A.
a
very
small
car
B.
too
small
a
car
C.
a
too
small
car
D.
such
a
small
car
【答案】B
【解析】C迷惑性较大,学生都学过too+
adj./adv.
+to…结构,但对于too+
adj.+n.
+to…结构不熟悉。解题方法与技巧:名词前修饰语一般正常语序为:不定冠词+形容词+名词。但有些固定结构需注意,如too
+
adj.
+a/an+
n.。
2.
Exercise
is
________
as
any
other
to
lose
unwanted
weight.
A.
so
useful
a
way
B.
as
a
useful
way
C.
as
useful
a
way
D.
such
a
useful
way
【答案】C
【解析】错解分析:A、B迷惑性较大,so…as结构常用于否定句和疑问句,故不能选A、B。解题方法与技巧:名词前修饰语正常语序为:不定冠词+形容词+名词,但有些固定结构需注意,如:as+adj.
+a/an+n.?
【检测过关】
1.
The
manager
has
brought
up
his
opinion
that
if
they
make___
most
of
the
modern
equipment,
there
will
be________
rise
in
production.
A.
不填;不填
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;
a
D.
the;不填
2.
We
all
sighed
with
________
relief
when
________
plane
finally
landed
safely.
A.
a;
/
B.
/;
the
C.
a;
a
D.
a;
the
3.
Mike
spent
time
with
____native
people
to
gain
____
better
understanding
of
the
country.
A.
the;
a
B.
the;
/
C.
a;
the
D.
/;
a
4.
I
looked
under
___
bed
and
found
___
book
I
lost
last
week.
A.
the
;
a
B.
the
;
the
C.
/
;
the
D.
the
;
/
5.
—Did
you
enjoy
yourself
yesterday?
—Yes.
As
you
know,
________
party
went
on
in
________
most
pleasant
atmosphere.
A.
the…a
B.
the…the
C.
a…the
D.
a…a
6.
The
education
of
_______young
is
always
_______
hot
and
serious
topic
in
modern
society.
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
the
C.
/;
the
D.
the;
a
7.
Dr.
Peter
Spence,
____
headmaster
of
the
school,
told
us,
“____
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
to
study
at
Oxford
and
Cambridge.”
A.
a;
A
B.
不填;The
C.
the;
The
D.
不填;
A
8.
I
don't
think
the
experiment
is
___
failure,
because
it
has
provided
us
with
___valuable
experience
for
our
future
tests.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
不填;
a
C.
a;
a
D.
a;
不填
9.
As
Susan
stared
at
______
piles
of
plastic
in
her
recycling
bin,
______
strong
sense
of
responsibility
made
her
stick
to
her
recycling
work.
A.
不填;不填
B.
不填;
a
C.
the
;
a
D.
the;
the
10.
---
Haven’t
you
heard
the
news?
---
What
news?
---
Some
of
the
workers
are
on
____
march
while
others
are
on
____
strike.
A.
/;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
/;
/
D.
the;
the
11.
At
the
back
of
the
old
temple
__________
twelve
huge
stone
statues
together
with
__________
pagoda.
A.
does
stand;
a
8-storeyed
B.
do
stand;
a
8-
story
C.
stands;
an
8-storey
D.
stand;
an
8-
storied
12.
A
recent
study
has
come
up
with
_____
unexpected
conclusion
that
____
Africa
elephants
should
be
divided
into
two
different
species.
A.
a,
the
B.
an,
the
C.
an,
an
D.
the,
the
13.
-May
I
have_____break,
mum?
Did
you
have_____
short
one
an
hour
ago?
A.
the;
the
B.
a;/
C.
the;/
D.
a;a
14.
The
“Chinese
Dream”
is
________
dream
to
improve
people's
well-being
and
________
dream
of
harmony,
peace
and
development.
A.
the;
a
B.
a;
a
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
the
15.
Four
and
half
hours
of
discussion
took
us
up
to
midnight,
and
break
for
cheese,
chocolate
and
tea
with
sugar.
A.
a;a
B.
the;
the
C.
不填;the
D.
a;不填
16.
Wouldn’t
it
be
____
wonderful
world
if
all
nations
lived
in
____
peace
with
one
another?
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
/
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
the
17.
When
I
was
younger,
I’d
often
go
for
____
drive
with
some
friends,
purely
for
____
enjoyment
of
it.
A.
a;
an
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
/
D.
/;
the
18.
Nowadays
______
Internet
is
becoming
increasingly
popular
and
______
new
high
speed
broadband
network
was
recently
started.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
a;
a
D.
the;
the
19.
It
was
______
hard
work,
but
completing
it
gave
me
_____
deep
sense
of
satisfaction.
A.
the;
不填
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;a
D.
a;
the
20.
Awarded
______
2012
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature,
Mo
Yan,
______
productive
contemporary
Chinese
writer,
has
published
dozens
of
short
stories
related
to
the
countryside.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
/;
a
D.
a;
the
21.
We
need
an
effective
strategy
to
help
children
living
in
poverty
to
have
the
opportunity
to
receive
good
education.
A.
/;a
B.
a;/
C.
/,the
D.
the;
a
22.
Mr.
White,
who
comes
from____
European
country,
has
formed
the
habit
of
attending
_____church
on
Sundays.
A.
an,
the
B.
an,
/
C.
a,
/
D.
a,
a
23.
Rosy
came
in
for
_________
coffee
and
told
me
_________
firecrackers
outside
kept
her
awake
last
night.
A.
a;
the
B.
不填;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
the
24.
If
you
keep
on
writing,
you
will
have brighter
future,
likely
to
become
J.
K.
Rowling.
A.
the;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
a
D.
a;
the
25.
“To
meet
people’s
desire
for
_____
happy
life
is
our
mission,”
Xi
Jingping
said
to
the
press
after
he
was
elected
____general
secretary
and
chairman.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
\
D.
\;
the
26.
Jenny
likes
________
music,
but
she
doesn’t
like
________
sports.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
不填;
the
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
不填
27.
—
How
do
you
find
_________
birthday
party
of
the
Smiths?
—
I
should
say
it
was
__________
complete
failure.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
a;
/
D.
the;
/
28.
I
don’t
like
talking
on_____telephone,I
prefer
writing____letters.
A.
a
the
B.
the
/
C.
the
the
D.
a
/
29.
Only
when
you
stay
with
____
local
people
for
a
period
of
time
will
you
have
____
better
understanding
of
life
there.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
the
30.
In
________
old
society
many
young
women
died
by
so
strange
and
cruel
________
custom.
A.
不填;a
B.
不填;the
C.
the;a
D.
an;a
31.
Not
everyone
has
realized
what_______
important
part
the
balance
of________
nature
plays
in
their
life.
A.
an;the
B.
/;the
C.
an;/
D.
the;/
32.
It
can’t
be
denied
that
the
Diaoyu
Islands
are
_______
part
of
China
and
what
some
Japanese
have
done
recently
is
actually
an
offence
against
_______
Chinese
people.
A.
a;
/
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
/
D.
/;
the
33.
“The
Bailu
Plain”
directed
by
Wang
Quanan
is
______
most
moving
film
and
I
really
want
to
see
it
for
______
second
time.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
a
34.
Color
shapes
our
view
of
__world
and
it
may
have
___far
more
influence
on
our
lives
than
many
of
us
realize.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
/
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
a
35.
-Have
you
seen_____pen?I
left
it
here
this
morning.
-ls
it_____
black
one?I
think
I
saw
it
somewhere.
A.
a,the
B.
the,the
C.
the,a
D.
a,a
36.
We
can
never
expect
____
bluer
sky
unless
we
create
____
less
polluted
world.
A.
a;
a
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
the;
the
37.
Tom’s
parents
were
very
worried
because
___little
effort
he
made
could
hardly
achieve
the
goal
to
be
___
captain
of
the
team.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
/;
/
D.
a;
/
38.
______
important
thing
in
life
is
to
have
a
great
aim,
and
______
determination
to
attain
it.
A.
An
;
不填
B.
A
;
the
C.
The
;
the
D.
The
;
不填
39.
The
big
earthquake
is
_____
terrible
blow
to
Japanese
and
people
from
all
over
the
world
feel
_____
pity
for
them.
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
the
C.
a;
/
D.
a;
a
40.
Holiday
is
______
time
for
leisure.
But
making
good
use
of
______
time
is
not
an
easy
task
for
most
people.
A.
the;
the
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
不填;
不填
41.
Do
you
still
consider
the
child
_______
?
A.
an
honest
boy
B.
a
honest
boy
C.
honest
boy
D.
the
honest
boy
42.
Most
scientists
seem
to
agree
that
_______
certain
limit
should
be
set
on
_______consumption
of
cars
to
ease
air
pollution.
A.
a;
the
B.
/;the
C.
the;
/
D.
the;
the
43.
It
is
acknowledged
that
_______
shortest
distance
between
persons
is
_______
sincere
smile.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
a;
/
D.
the;
a
44.
He
witnessed
Yushu,
a
county
in
Qinghai
Province,
hit
by
_____
unexpected
earthquake,
but
the
Yushu
people
haven’t
lost
heart,
vowing
to
turn
their
homeland
into
_____
more
beautiful
Yushu.
A.
a;
a
B.
an;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
an;
a
45.
In
the
early
morning
all
of
us
stood
at
the
top
of
the
mountain
___________
east
of
the
city,
watching
__________burning
sun
rising.
A.
/;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
the
D.
/;
the
参考答案
1.
B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:经理提出了他的意见:如果他们充分利用现代化设备,就会增产。分析可知,表示“充分利用”为固定短语make
the
most
of,所以第一空为定冠词the;rise在此处意为“(产量的)增加”,是可数名词,且表示单数,所以用不定冠词a。故选B项。
2.
B
【解析】考查冠词。句意:当飞机最后安全着陆的时候,我们全都如释重负地松了一口气。relief作“轻松;解脱”
讲时,为不可数名词,故第一空不填冠词;“________
plane”特指我们乘坐的飞机,故第二空用定冠词the。故选B项。
3.
A
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。第一个空,特指"这些当地人",故用定冠词the;第二个空,表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。句意:Mike和这些当地人在一起,使得他更好的了解这个国家。故A正确。
4.
B
【解析】试题分析:句意:我找了创下,找到了我上周丢的那本书。这里找的床下,也应是特指的床,上周丢的书当然也需特指,故选B。
5.
A
【解析】试题分析:句意:--你昨天玩的很愉快吗?--是的,就像你看见的,这个聚会在一个非常愉快的气氛中进行。第一空填the,特指“昨天的聚会”,第二空填a,a
most
pleasant
atmosphere一个非常愉快的气氛,如果是the
most
pleasant
atmosphere最愉快的气氛,但是这句话没有一个范围,所以不是最高级,所以选A。
6.
D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:青少年教育一直是现代社会的一个热门和严肃的话题。第一空填the,the
young指年轻人,第二空填a,a
hot
and
serious
topic“一个热门和严肃的问题”。选D。
7.
D
【解析】考查冠词。句意:学校校长彼得·斯宾塞博士告诉我们:“这里五分之一的学生在牛津和剑桥学习。”headmaster
of
the
school作了Dr.
Peter
Spence的同位语,官职,头衔作同位语时前面要使用零冠词,故第一个空应不填;第二个空a
fifth表示的意思是one
fifth即五分之一的意思,故第二个空应为a。所以答案为D。
8.
D
【解析】试题分析:句意:我认为该实验不是一个失败,因为它已经给我们未来的测试提供了有价值的经验。第一空泛指类别。这里是抽象名词具体化,作可数名词用;第二空experience
作“经验”讲时,是不可数名词。这里不能加冠词,因为它不是具体化的抽象名词
它只是一个普通的概念;作“经历”讲时,是可数名词。在这个题中,明显是说“因为它为我们今后的测试提供了宝贵的经验”。
9.
C
【解析】试题分析:句意:当苏珊盯着垃圾箱里许多的塑料时,一种强烈的责任感使她坚持下了她的回收工作。由句意可知,题干中第一空表特指,需用定冠词the,第二空是泛指,所以用a。故C正确。
10.
B
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词:句意:--你听到消息了吗?--什么消息?--一些工人在游行,其他的人在罢工。On
the
march在游行,on
strike在罢工,选B。
11.
D
【解析】试题分析:考查倒装句和复合形容词:句意:在古庙的后面有12个巨大的石像还有一个八层的佛塔。这句话是地点状语提前的倒装句,用完全倒装,谓语提前,因为主语是twelve
huge
stone
statues
together
with
__________
pagoda.
together
with连接两个主语,谓语和前面的主语保持一致,这里谓语用复数:stand,第二空是复合形容词,由数词-名词+ed构成,选D
12.
B
【解析】试题分析:考察冠词。本题第一空后的名词conclusion结论,是一个可数名词。故使用an泛指一个没有预料到的结论。第二空特指非洲大象,故使用the;句意:最近的一项研究出现了一个没有预料到的结论,非洲大象应该被分成两个不同的类别。故B正确。
13.
D
【解析】试题分析:考查有关冠词的固定短语。have
a
break/rest
休息一下,也可以说take
a
break/rest.Have
a
short
break
稍作休息。故选D。句意:——妈,我可以休息一下吗?——你不是在一个小时前稍微休息了一下。
14.
B
【解析】考查冠词用法。句意:中国梦是提高人们幸福感的梦想,也是中国和谐,和平和发展的梦想。在此dream都是泛指的,冠词a用在dream前,说明是“一个……的梦想”。故选B。
15.
A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我们讨论了四个半小时,一直到了半夜,此时休息了一会儿,吃了奶酪、巧克力,喝了加糖的茶。four
and
a
half
hours四个半小时,是固定短语;排除B、C;
break休息,是可数的,故用a
break。故选A。
16.
B
【解析】试题分析:
句意:如果所有的国家都彼此和平相处,那将不是一个非常美好的世界吗?world前面有形容词修饰,应该用不定冠词,表示“一个”。Live
in
peace是固定短语“和平相处”,选B。
17.
B
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词:句意:当我年轻时,我经常和一些朋友去开车,纯粹是为了好玩。第一空填a,go
foradrive“开车”,第二空填the,特指“开车的乐趣”所以选B。
18.
B
【解析】试题分析:句意:如今互联网变得越来越受欢迎和一条新高速宽带网络最近开始运营。第一空特指双方都知道的事,第二空则是泛指,由句意可知选B。
19.
C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词:第一空不填,因为work是不可数名词,第二空填a,a
deep
sense
of
satisfaction.“一种满足感”,句意:这是很难的工作,但是完成它可以给我满足感。选C。
20.
B
【解析】试题分析:句意:被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖的莫言,是中国当代多产的作家,已经出版了几十部有关农村的小说。第一空特指2012年的诺贝尔文学奖,表特指,用定冠词;a
productive
contemporary
Chinese
writer,这是同位语,表示作家中的一个,故用不定冠词,故选B。
21.
A
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。本题第一空是固定词组live
in
poverty生活在贫穷中。第二空后的名称education是一个抽象名词,本题中由形容词good修饰,前面可以加a具体化指一种好的教育。句意:我们需要有效的策略,来帮助生活在贫穷中的孩子有机会得到很好的教育。故A正确。
22.
C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词的用法。冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词。不定冠词a/an修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指“一个”;定冠词the表示特指“这个,那个”;零冠词就是不用冠词的情况,像球类、三餐、学科等前不加冠词。泛指一个欧洲国家,用不定冠词,European字母E不发音,首字母发音是辅音/j?/,应该用不定冠词a,排除A、B;go
to
church="attend"
church做礼拜,不加冠词。故选C。
23.
A
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。句意:Rosy进来喝了一杯咖啡,告诉我昨天晚上外面的爆竹让她一夜没有睡觉。第一空不可数名词coffee前面加上数词,表示数量;a
coffee="a"
cup
of
coffee一杯咖啡;第二空用the特指外面的firecrackers,故选A项。
24.
C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词用法。不定冠词a/an+比较级+名词,意为“一个更......的......”,表示泛指,据此排除A、B;a
J.
K.
Rowling泛指一个像罗琳那样的作家,排除D,故选C。
25.
C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。句意:在习近平当上了总书记和国家主席后,他对新闻记者说“满足人们对于幸福生活的需要是我们的使命。”a
happy
life幸福的生活,是固定短语。故排除BD;第二空是表职务的名词做主补时可以省略冠词,故选C项。
26.
A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:Jenny喜欢音乐,但是她不喜欢运动。本题中的名词music和sports都是抽象名词,要单独使用,不需要使用冠词。故A正确。
27.
B
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词:句意:--你认为Blairs的生日聚会怎么样?--我应该说,这完全是失败的。第一空特指Blairs’s
birthday,故用the表示特指;第二空是填a,a
complete
failure表示这次活动是一个失败。Failure是抽象名词具体化,答案B。
28.
B
【解析】试题分析:考察冠词。本题第一空是固定搭配:“通过电话”on
the
telephone;要用定冠词;letters是复数形式,表示泛指,"写信"不用冠词.第二空是一类事物的表达法,可以使用“a/an/the+单数名词”“名词复数形式”。故B正确。
29.
B
【解析】这题考查冠词的用法:第一空填the表示特指“当地人”,第二空填a,是词组:have
a
better
understanding
of“对某事有更好的理解。选B。
30.
C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词:第一空填the,特指旧社会,第二空填a,词组是so+adj+a/an+名词,句意:在旧社会很多妇女死于这样一种奇怪的残忍的风俗。选C。
31.
C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词及短语的用法。第二空nature“自然”时前面不需用冠词,类似的还有space“太空”;man“人类”。第一空是play
an
important
part
in
their
life短语,用了what引导的感叹句,正常语序应是the
balance
of
nature
plays
an
important
part
in
their
life,被感叹的是名词part所以用what来引导,故选C。
32.
D
【解析】试题分析:
句意:不可否认钓鱼岛是中国领土的一部分,一些日本人最近的所作所为实际上是反对中国人的狡辩行为。固定短语:part
of或者a
part
of
“是……的一部分”,the
Chinese
people
“中国人民”,答案选D。
33.
A
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。Most前面加a形式固定词组a
most非常,十分;在序数词前面加a表示再,又;
a
most
moving
film指一部分析感人的电影;a
second
time再一次,又一次;故A正确。
34.
D
【解析】试题分析:句意:颜色形成了我们对世界的认识,并且颜色对我们的影响超出我们的想象,第一个空“
这个世界”是特指,应该用定冠词the,第二个空“有一个影响”是泛指,用不定冠词a,故选D。
35.
D
【解析】试题分析:句意:你有没有见到一只铅笔?我今天上午落在这儿了。它是一只黑色的吗?我想我在哪里见到它了。不定冠词a/an表示泛指,故选D
36.
A
【解析】两个空都是不可数名词表示泛指,所以都用不定冠词。句意:如果我们不创造一个环境污染更少的世界,我们就永远不能期望拥有一片更蓝的天空。
37.
B
【解析】考查冠词。第一空effort后面有定语修饰,说明这是特指,故使用the.第二空后的captain是独一无二的官职,做表语或者补语的时候,要单独使用,不要冠词。故B正确。
38.
C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。第一空用定冠词the表示特指,第二空的名称后面有不定式to
attain
it修饰,故也是特指,也要使用the。句意:生活中的重要的事情就是要有伟大的目标,以及实现目标的决心。故C正确。
39.
C
【解析】考察冠词。第一空表示泛指地震对日本是一个重大的打击。第二空的pity是抽象名词,遗憾,单独使用,不需要冠词。故C正确。
40.
B
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词:句意:假期是休闲的时间,但是充分利用这个时间为大多数人来说是不容易的事情。第一空填a,泛指“一段休闲的时光”,第二空填the,特指假期这个时间,选B。
41.
A
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。honest首字母发音为元音,因此需要用an。句意:你还记得那个诚实的孩子吗?选A。
点评:冠词用法中要特别注意:不定冠词泛指某一个人或某一个事物。定冠词特指某一人或者某一个事物;解答有关冠词的题型可以从三方面入手,一是习惯搭配,二是固定短语,三是具体语境分析。对于固定短语平时应多读多记。
42.
A
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词:句意:大多数科学家似乎同意要对汽车的消费设置一定的限制来缓解空气污染。第一空填a,因为limit是可数名词,a
certain
limit一定的限制,第二空填the,是特指“汽车的消费”,所以选A。
43.
D
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。第一空是形容词的最高级用法,必须用the,the
shortest
distance最短的距离,第二空表示泛指,一个真诚的微笑,句意为,我们知道,人与人之间最短的距离就是一个真诚的微笑。选D。
44.
D
【解析】考查冠词用法,句意为他目击了玉树(青海省的一个县)被一次意料之外的地震袭击,但是玉树人民没有失去信心,发誓要把他们的家园变成一个更加漂亮的玉树。
45.
A
【解析】考查冠词。east作为方位副词时,单独使用,不需要任何冠词。当sun,moon前面有形容词修饰时,可以使用不定冠词。如a
red
sun一轮红日;句意:在清晨,我们都站在城东的山顶上,看着一轮红日在升起。
【口诀助记】
泛指首提为最多,有时表示某"一个";
物质抽象表"一场",so加形容再跟"a";
可数名词为"一类",序数词前"又一个";
quite等词常放后,固定短语须琢磨。
【口诀助记】
特指双方都熟悉,上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一,序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物,姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类,方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词,试用此诀有效率。
【口诀助记】
名词复数泛指人,冠词用法是个零。
专有、物质、抽象名,泛指时候冠不行。
含有day的节假日,不用冠词莫忘记。
季节月份星期几,不用冠词有道理。
三餐饭和打球前,不用冠词理当然。
名词前边已有代,不用冠词也无碍。
固定词组多注意,用与不用小心记。
称呼头衔不用冠,总共八条切莫乱。02
冠词
【命题解读】
冠词是历年高考的必考点,常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套试题来看,在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。在日常交际中,几乎每说一句话、每写一篇日记、每读一篇文章都会涉及冠词的运用。故不论高考的考查形式如何变化,冠词仍应是高考复习的重点。
【命题预测】
预计2022年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主,以语篇型语法填空形式出现,它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。
【复习建议】
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则:
1.
单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指;
2.
复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时,其前不加冠词;
3.
无论可数名词还是不可数名词,表示特指时,其前都要加定冠词the。
一 不定冠词
1.
不定冠词有a和an
两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
In
a
university,
a
European
and
a
one-eyed
man
walked
along
a
one-way
road
with
a
useful
tool.
This
is
a
usual
thing.
在一所大学里,一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
An
hour
ago,
an
honest
man
accepted
an
unusual
gift
and
went
to
finish
an
honorable
task.一小时前,一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物,去完成一项光荣的任务。
2.
不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。
The
"Chinese
Dream"
is
a
dream
to
improve
people’s
well-being
and
a
dream
of
harmony,
peace
and
development."中国梦"是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
3.
表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
When
the
Ashleys
tried
to
make
her
return,
Mumbet
consulted
a
lawyer,
Theodore
Sedgewick.
当
Ashleys一家试图让她回来时,Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
4.
用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
—Excuse
me,
is
there
a
Mr
Tailor
living
in
the
neighborhood?There
is
a
parcel
for
him.
—Sorry,
but
there
is
no
such
person
here.
——劳驾,这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。
——对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。
5.
不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示"再一,又一"。
She
didn’t
like
the
color
of
the
two
bags
and
asked
for
a
third
one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。
6.
表示单位时间内的频度,含有"每"的概念。
The
medicine
is
to
be
taken
three
times
a
day.
这药每天吃三次。
7.
具有动作意义的名词在与have,take,make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。
如:take
a
look看一看;have
a
try试一试。
You
had
better
go
to
the
factory
and
have
a
look.
你最好到厂里去看一看。
8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a
waste
of浪费……;all
of
a
sudden突然地;as
a
rule通常。
It
hit
me
all
of
a
sudden
that
I
had
forgotten
her
birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日给忘了。
【典例示例】
1.
(2020
?
全国卷III?
短文改错)Each?of?my?cafes?will?have?a?different?theme?and?an?unique?style.
【答案】an改为a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我的咖啡馆都有不同的主题和独特的风格。unique独特的,是以辅音音素开头的单词,故其前用冠词a,不能用冠词an。
2.
(2020
?
全国卷II
?
语法填空)When
we
got
a
call
68
(say)she
was
short-listed,
we
thought
it
was
69
joke.
【答案】68.
saying
69.
a
【解析】句意:当我们收到一个电话说她入围候选人了,我们认为那是一个笑话。joke是可数名词的单数,故前用冠词a。
3.(2020
?
全国卷II
?
短文改错)As
the
kid,
I
loved
to
watch
cartoons,
but
no
matter
how
many
times
I
asked
to
watching
them,
my
parents
would
not
to
let
me.
【答案】the改为a
【解析】考查冠词。这里表示"作为一个孩子",a用在表示泛指的单数名词前,the表示特指。故把the改为a。
4.(2020
?全国卷I?语法填空)As
65
result,
people
will
eat
more
food
to
try
to
make
up
for
that
something
missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as
a
result表示"结果"。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
5.(2020?全国卷III?语法填空)But
unlike
her
school
friends,
16-year-old
Sarah
is
not
spending
half-term
resting
(rest).
Instead,
she
is
earning
?6500
a
day
as
62
model
in
New
York.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处泛指
"一个",故填a。
二 定冠词
1.
用在名词前表示特指。
—Did
you
enjoy
yourself
yesterday?
—Yes,
as
you
know,
the
party
went
on
in
a
pleasant
atmosphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗?
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
Do
you
know
who
invented
the
telephone?你知道是谁发明了电话吗?
3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较,表示特指的时候)和最高级前。
Do
you
know
which
story
is
the
more
interesting
of
the
two?你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣?
4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
Marco
Polo
is
said
to
have
sailed
on
the
Pacific
Ocean
on
his
way
to
Java
in
the
thirteenth
century.
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用,表示一类人或事物。
Many
of
the
injured
are
still
in
danger.许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
6.
用在表示计量的名词前如by
the
hour,
by
the
dozen等,但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by
weight,
by
height等。
—It’s
said
John
will
be
in
a
job
paying
over
$
60,
000
a
year.
—Right,
he
will
also
get
paid
by
the
week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60,
000美元的工作。
——是的,而且会按周获得报酬。
7.
定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示全家人或夫妻俩。
The
Whites
settled
down
in
Canada
last
year.
去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
8.
用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
the
east
东部
play
the
piano
弹钢琴
【典例示例】
1.
(2020
?浙江卷?语法填空)Everybody
wears
57
same
style
of
clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词,意思是"相同的",常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
2.
(2020?全国卷I?短文改错)During
my
last
winter
holiday,
I
went
to
countryside
with
my
father
to
visit
my
grandparents.
【答案】在countryside前加the
【解析】countryside常与定冠词the搭配,意为"乡下,乡村"。
3.
(2020?全国卷II?语法填空)Corn
production
has
jumped
nearly
125
percent
over
62
past
25
years,
while
rice
has
increased
only
7
percent.
【答案】the
【解析】此处特指"过去的25年",应用定冠词the。故填the。
三 零冠词
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指,用零冠词。
Teachers
are
badly
needed
in
the
remote
districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时,不加冠词。
Dr.
Peter
Spence,headmaster
of
the
school,told
us,"A
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
on
to
study
at
Oxford
and
Cambridge."
这所学校的校长Peter
Spence博士告诉我们,这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前;三餐、球类、惯用语前;学科、棋类名词前,用零冠词。
A
year
can
be
divided
into
four
seasons
—
spring,summer,autumn
and
winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
There
is
no
such
thing
as
a
free
lunch
in
the
world.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词,但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
He
became
a
doctor
while
his
brother
turned
teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
【典例示例】
1.Dr.Peter?Spence,??_________headmaster?of?the?school,?told?us,?________?fifth?of?pupils?here?go?on?to?study?at?Oxford?and?Cambridge.??
A.?不填;A???????????
B.
不填;The??????
C.?the;?The???????
D.?a;?A??
【答案】A??
【解析】句意:校长Peter?Spence告诉我们说,我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。headmaster校长,职务前面不加冠词;a?fifth表示五分之一。选A。
2.Some?people?fear?that?________?air?pollution?may?bring?about?changes?in?_______?weather?around?the?world.???
A.?/;?the???????
B.?the;?/????
???C.?an;?the??????
??D.?the;?a??
【答案】A??
【解析】air?pollution?是抽象名词这里是泛指,其前不用冠词;weather?这里是特指全球的气候,根据the?weather?around?the?world?可知答案为A。
四
冠词的位置
1.
不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:
a.
位于下列形容词之后:
such,what,many,half,
I
have
never
seen
such
an
animal.
Many
a
man
is
fit
for
the
job.
b.
当名词前的形容词被副词as,
so,
too,
how,
however,
enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:
It
is
as
pleasant
a
day
as
I
have
ever
spent.
So
short
a
time.
Too
long
a
distance.
c.
quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite
前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite
a
lot
d.
在as,though
引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave
a
man
though
he
is,he
trembles
at
the
sight
of
snakes.
他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2.
定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,
both,double,half,twice,three
times等词之后,名词之前。
All
the
students
in
the
class
went
out.班里的所有学生都出去了。
学习冠词的难点
一、序数词前冠词的使用问题
强调顺序时用定冠词;当不强调顺序,而是表示"又,还,再"时用不定冠词。如:
The
cakes
are
delicious.
He’d
like
to
have
________
third
one
because
________
second
one
is
rather
too
small.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
a
【答案】C
【解析】第一空表示"还,再"用不定冠词;第二空强调顺序用定冠词。句意为:蛋糕很好吃,因为他第二块太小了,所以他想再吃一块。
二、school,
bed等前面冠词的使用问题
像bed,
table,
class,
school,
college,
church,
hospital,
prison等名词,在指这些家具、建筑或场所本身时用冠词,但若抽象地指它们所具有的作用或功能时,则不用冠词,此时多用于go
to或者be
in
/
at之后。如:
1.
—Where
is
Jack?
—I
think
he
is
still
in
________
bed,
but
he
might
just
be
in
________
bathroom.
A.
不填;不填
B.
the;the
C.
the;
不填
D.不填;the
【答案】D
【解析】题中bed是指其用途,即:be
in
bed在睡觉。第二空指双方都知道的洗手间。
2.
When
you
come
here
for
your
holiday
next
time,
don’t
go
to
________
hotel;
I
can
find
you
________
bed
in
my
flat.
A.
the;
a
B.
the;
不填
C.
a;
the
D.
a;
不填
【答案】A
【解析】题中bed不是指其用途,而是泛指"床"这类事物中的一个。hotel是特指这次住的那个旅馆。句意是:你下次来这里度假,就不要住那个旅馆了,我在我的公寓里帮你弄一张床。
3.
When
he
left
________
college,
he
got
a
job
as
________
reporter
in
a
newspaper
office.
A.
不填;a
B.
不填;the
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
the
【答案】A
【解析】题中college指在大学的功用,即:供人"求学",leave
college指"大学毕业"。在as后表示职业或身份的单数名词前要用不定冠词。
三、专有名词前的冠词使用问题
一般不用冠词,如John,
China等。但以下几种情况用冠词:
①"the+姓氏复数"表示"某某夫妇"或"姓某的一家人"。如:
________
will
make
a
trip
around
the
world
during
the
coming
Christmas.
A.
The
Evens
B.
The
Evens’
C.
The
Evenses
D.
Evenses’
【答案】C
【解析】"the+姓氏复数"表示"某某夫妇"或"姓某的一家人"。
②"a(n)+人名"表示"……式的人物"或"有一个名叫……的人",如:
?He
is
a
Lei
Feng.
他是一个雷锋式的人物。
?A
Smith
is
waiting
for
you
at
the
school
gate.
有一个叫史密斯的人在门口等你。
③由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加the,如the
Summer
Palace,
the
United
Nations。但若是在"专
有名词(人名或地名)+普通名词"构成的专有名词前不用冠词,如Beijing
University,
Yale
University。
如:
The
most
important
thing
about
cotton
in
history
is
________
part
that
it
played
in
________
Industrial
Revolution.
A.
不填;不填
B.
the;不填
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
the
【答案】C
【解析】因为part后面有一定语从句修饰,是特指,用the;又因为工业革命是由普通名词构成的专有
名词,所以前面也要用the。
④表示特指时专有名词前也可能用the,如:
the
Gorge
of
China
(中国的高尔基)
the
China
of
the
1960s(20世纪60年代的中国)
the
Smith
you’re
looking
for(你在找的那个史密斯)
四、物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用问题
一般不用冠词,如We
all
need
water.
(我们都需要水。)
但是下列情况要用冠词:
1
特指时要加the,如:
In
Hangzhou
Mr
Green
was
so
struck
by
________
beauty
of
________
nature
that
he
stayed
for
another
night.
A.
/;
/
B.
/;
the
C.
the;
/
D.
the;
the
【答案】C
【解析】beauty后有of
短语表示特指,用the;nature作"大自然,
自然界"解是不可数名词,通常
不用冠词。
②有的抽象名词具体化后,前面要加不定冠词,如:
a
surprise一件预料之外的事
a
pity
/
shame
(一件令人遗憾的事)
a
success(一件成功的事或一个成功的人)
a
pleasure(一件快乐的事),a
time(一段时间)
③不定冠词可在coffee,
tea,
beer,
drink等物质名词前表示"一杯
/
罐
/
瓶"。如:
I’d
like
a
tea(=a
cup
of
tea),
please.
我要来杯茶。
五、表示三餐的名词前的冠词使用问题
breakfast,
lunch,
supper等前一般不用冠词,但若受形容词修饰时用a
/
an;特指时要用the。如:
a
good
lunch(丰盛的午餐)
How
do
you
like
the
lunch?(你觉得这顿午餐怎么样?)
六、play后的乐器和球类名词的冠词使用问题
play后接西洋乐器名词时,要加定冠词。但像erhu(二胡)之类的汉语拼音的中国民乐名称前就不用冠词;play后面接球、棋、牌等之类的名词前也不用冠词,如play
football
/
chess
/
bridge踢足球
/
下棋
/
打桥牌。After
watching
________
TV,
she
played
________
violin
for
an
hour.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
the;
the
C.
the;
不填
D.
不填;
the
【答案】D
【解析】play作"弹、演奏"讲,后接的西洋乐器名词前要用the。watch
TV是习惯说法,不用冠词。
七、表示季节、月份、星期的名词前的冠词使用问题
一般不用冠词,但特指时用the;受形容词修饰表示具有某种特点时可用a
/
an。如:
the
spring
of
1998
1998年的春天
a
hard
winter
一个严寒的冬天
八、表示节日的名词前的冠词使用问题
含有day的节日前一般不用冠词,如May
Day,
New
Year’s
day,
Christmas
Day,
April
Fool’s
Day,
Mother’s
Day等;但仅中国才有的传统节日名称前常用the,如the
Spring
Festival(春节),
the
Mid-autumn
Festival(中秋节)。
九、有后置定语的名词前的冠词使作问题
特指某人或某物时用the;但若指一类事物时用a
/
an。如:
I’d
like
to
buy
a
present
that
is
useful
but
not
expensive.
我想买一件价格不贵但又有用的那样一类礼物。
十、两个并列名词前冠词的使用问题
指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,第二个名词前不用冠词,如a
teacher
and
writer(一位教师兼作家),a
horse
and
cart(一辆马车),a
knife
and
fork(一付刀叉);但若是指两个人时,第二个名词前一般也要加冠词,如a
man
and
a
woman(一个男人和一个女人)。
十一、冠词的非前位用法
1.
不定冠词用在quite,rather,many,half,what,much等词之后。如:
?He
is
rather
a
fool.
?—What
did
you
think
of
the
concert?
—Oh,it
was
quite
a
success.
2.
不定冠词用在so(as,too,how)+形容词之后。如:
?She
is
as
clever
a
girl
as
you
can
wish
to
meet.
?It’s
too
difficult
a
book
for
us
to
read.
注意:以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用"an"。例如:an
apple。
即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头,但该词的读音是元音音素开头,加不定冠词时也要用"an",例如:an
hour,an
honest
boy;反之,拼写以元音字母开头,但读音是辅音,加不定冠词时要用"a",例如:a
university。
3.
so…that与such…that:
①so…that和such…that都作"如此……以至于"解,that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下:
so
②such…that和so…that有时可以换用,条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词,且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下:such
a/an+形容词+名词→so+形容词+a/an+名词。如:
?He
is
such
a
good
student
that
we
all
like
him.
→
He
is
so
good
a
student
that
we
all
like
him。
但是,如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词,则只能用such,不能用so修饰。如:
?It
was
such
bad
weather
that
he
had
to
stay
at
home。
③如果复数名词前有many,few,不可数名词前有much,little等表示量的形容词时,应该用so而不用such。如:
?I’ve
had
so
many
falls
that
I’m
black
and
blue
all
over.
?Mr
White
got
so
little
money
a
month
that
he
could
hardly
keep
body
and
soul
together(维持生活)。
但little不表示数量而表示"小"的意思时,仍用such。如:
?They
are
such
little
children
that
they
cannot
clean
the
house
by
themselves.
1.
Peter
won’t
drive
us
to
the
station.
He
has
________
to
take
us
all.
A.
a
very
small
car
B.
too
small
a
car
C.
a
too
small
car
D.
such
a
small
car
【答案】B
【解析】C迷惑性较大,学生都学过too+
adj./adv.
+to…结构,但对于too+
adj.+n.
+to…结构不熟悉。解题方法与技巧:名词前修饰语一般正常语序为:不定冠词+形容词+名词。但有些固定结构需注意,如too
+
adj.
+a/an+
n.。
2.
Exercise
is
________
as
any
other
to
lose
unwanted
weight.
A.
so
useful
a
way
B.
as
a
useful
way
C.
as
useful
a
way
D.
such
a
useful
way
【答案】C
【解析】错解分析:A、B迷惑性较大,so…as结构常用于否定句和疑问句,故不能选A、B。解题方法与技巧:名词前修饰语正常语序为:不定冠词+形容词+名词,但有些固定结构需注意,如:as+adj.
+a/an+n.?
【检测过关】
1.
The
manager
has
brought
up
his
opinion
that
if
they
make___
most
of
the
modern
equipment,
there
will
be________
rise
in
production.
A.
不填;不填
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;
a
D.
the;不填
2.
We
all
sighed
with
________
relief
when
________
plane
finally
landed
safely.
A.
a;
/
B.
/;
the
C.
a;
a
D.
a;
the
3.
Mike
spent
time
with
____native
people
to
gain
____
better
understanding
of
the
country.
A.
the;
a
B.
the;
/
C.
a;
the
D.
/;
a
4.
I
looked
under
___
bed
and
found
___
book
I
lost
last
week.
A.
the
;
a
B.
the
;
the
C.
/
;
the
D.
the
;
/
5.
—Did
you
enjoy
yourself
yesterday?
—Yes.
As
you
know,
________
party
went
on
in
________
most
pleasant
atmosphere.
A.
the…a
B.
the…the
C.
a…the
D.
a…a
6.
The
education
of
_______young
is
always
_______
hot
and
serious
topic
in
modern
society.
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
the
C.
/;
the
D.
the;
a
7.
Dr.
Peter
Spence,
____
headmaster
of
the
school,
told
us,
“____
fifth
of
pupils
here
go
to
study
at
Oxford
and
Cambridge.”
A.
a;
A
B.
不填;The
C.
the;
The
D.
不填;
A
8.
I
don't
think
the
experiment
is
___
failure,
because
it
has
provided
us
with
___valuable
experience
for
our
future
tests.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
不填;
a
C.
a;
a
D.
a;
不填
9.
As
Susan
stared
at
______
piles
of
plastic
in
her
recycling
bin,
______
strong
sense
of
responsibility
made
her
stick
to
her
recycling
work.
A.
不填;不填
B.
不填;
a
C.
the
;
a
D.
the;
the
10.
---
Haven’t
you
heard
the
news?
---
What
news?
---
Some
of
the
workers
are
on
____
march
while
others
are
on
____
strike.
A.
/;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
/;
/
D.
the;
the
11.
At
the
back
of
the
old
temple
__________
twelve
huge
stone
statues
together
with
__________
pagoda.
A.
does
stand;
a
8-storeyed
B.
do
stand;
a
8-
story
C.
stands;
an
8-storey
D.
stand;
an
8-
storied
12.
A
recent
study
has
come
up
with
_____
unexpected
conclusion
that
____
Africa
elephants
should
be
divided
into
two
different
species.
A.
a,
the
B.
an,
the
C.
an,
an
D.
the,
the
13.
-May
I
have_____break,
mum?
Did
you
have_____
short
one
an
hour
ago?
A.
the;
the
B.
a;/
C.
the;/
D.
a;a
14.
The
“Chinese
Dream”
is
________
dream
to
improve
people's
well-being
and
________
dream
of
harmony,
peace
and
development.
A.
the;
a
B.
a;
a
C.
a;
the
D.
the;
the
15.
Four
and
half
hours
of
discussion
took
us
up
to
midnight,
and
break
for
cheese,
chocolate
and
tea
with
sugar.
A.
a;a
B.
the;
the
C.
不填;the
D.
a;不填
16.
Wouldn’t
it
be
____
wonderful
world
if
all
nations
lived
in
____
peace
with
one
another?
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
/
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
the
17.
When
I
was
younger,
I’d
often
go
for
____
drive
with
some
friends,
purely
for
____
enjoyment
of
it.
A.
a;
an
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
/
D.
/;
the
18.
Nowadays
______
Internet
is
becoming
increasingly
popular
and
______
new
high
speed
broadband
network
was
recently
started.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
a
C.
a;
a
D.
the;
the
19.
It
was
______
hard
work,
but
completing
it
gave
me
_____
deep
sense
of
satisfaction.
A.
the;
不填
B.
the;
a
C.
不填;a
D.
a;
the
20.
Awarded
______
2012
Nobel
Prize
in
Literature,
Mo
Yan,
______
productive
contemporary
Chinese
writer,
has
published
dozens
of
short
stories
related
to
the
countryside.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
/;
a
D.
a;
the
21.
We
need
an
effective
strategy
to
help
children
living
in
poverty
to
have
the
opportunity
to
receive
good
education.
A.
/;a
B.
a;/
C.
/,the
D.
the;
a
22.
Mr.
White,
who
comes
from____
European
country,
has
formed
the
habit
of
attending
_____church
on
Sundays.
A.
an,
the
B.
an,
/
C.
a,
/
D.
a,
a
23.
Rosy
came
in
for
_________
coffee
and
told
me
_________
firecrackers
outside
kept
her
awake
last
night.
A.
a;
the
B.
不填;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
a;
the
24.
If
you
keep
on
writing,
you
will
have brighter
future,
likely
to
become
J.
K.
Rowling.
A.
the;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
a
D.
a;
the
25.
“To
meet
people’s
desire
for
_____
happy
life
is
our
mission,”
Xi
Jingping
said
to
the
press
after
he
was
elected
____general
secretary
and
chairman.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
the
C.
a;
\
D.
\;
the
26.
Jenny
likes
________
music,
but
she
doesn’t
like
________
sports.
A.
不填;
不填
B.
不填;
the
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
不填
27.
—
How
do
you
find
_________
birthday
party
of
the
Smiths?
—
I
should
say
it
was
__________
complete
failure.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
a;
/
D.
the;
/
28.
I
don’t
like
talking
on_____telephone,I
prefer
writing____letters.
A.
a
the
B.
the
/
C.
the
the
D.
a
/
29.
Only
when
you
stay
with
____
local
people
for
a
period
of
time
will
you
have
____
better
understanding
of
life
there.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
the
D.
a;
the
30.
In
________
old
society
many
young
women
died
by
so
strange
and
cruel
________
custom.
A.
不填;a
B.
不填;the
C.
the;a
D.
an;a
31.
Not
everyone
has
realized
what_______
important
part
the
balance
of________
nature
plays
in
their
life.
A.
an;the
B.
/;the
C.
an;/
D.
the;/
32.
It
can’t
be
denied
that
the
Diaoyu
Islands
are
_______
part
of
China
and
what
some
Japanese
have
done
recently
is
actually
an
offence
against
_______
Chinese
people.
A.
a;
/
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
/
D.
/;
the
33.
“The
Bailu
Plain”
directed
by
Wang
Quanan
is
______
most
moving
film
and
I
really
want
to
see
it
for
______
second
time.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
a
34.
Color
shapes
our
view
of
__world
and
it
may
have
___far
more
influence
on
our
lives
than
many
of
us
realize.
A.
a;
a
B.
the;
/
C.
the;
the
D.
the;
a
35.
-Have
you
seen_____pen?I
left
it
here
this
morning.
-ls
it_____
black
one?I
think
I
saw
it
somewhere.
A.
a,the
B.
the,the
C.
the,a
D.
a,a
36.
We
can
never
expect
____
bluer
sky
unless
we
create
____
less
polluted
world.
A.
a;
a
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
the;
the
37.
Tom’s
parents
were
very
worried
because
___little
effort
he
made
could
hardly
achieve
the
goal
to
be
___
captain
of
the
team.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
/;
/
D.
a;
/
38.
______
important
thing
in
life
is
to
have
a
great
aim,
and
______
determination
to
attain
it.
A.
An
;
不填
B.
A
;
the
C.
The
;
the
D.
The
;
不填
39.
The
big
earthquake
is
_____
terrible
blow
to
Japanese
and
people
from
all
over
the
world
feel
_____
pity
for
them.
A.
the;
/
B.
a;
the
C.
a;
/
D.
a;
a
40.
Holiday
is
______
time
for
leisure.
But
making
good
use
of
______
time
is
not
an
easy
task
for
most
people.
A.
the;
the
B.
a;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
不填;
不填
41.
Do
you
still
consider
the
child
_______
?
A.
an
honest
boy
B.
a
honest
boy
C.
honest
boy
D.
the
honest
boy
42.
Most
scientists
seem
to
agree
that
_______
certain
limit
should
be
set
on
_______consumption
of
cars
to
ease
air
pollution.
A.
a;
the
B.
/;the
C.
the;
/
D.
the;
the
43.
It
is
acknowledged
that
_______
shortest
distance
between
persons
is
_______
sincere
smile.
A.
a;
the
B.
the;
/
C.
a;
/
D.
the;
a
44.
He
witnessed
Yushu,
a
county
in
Qinghai
Province,
hit
by
_____
unexpected
earthquake,
but
the
Yushu
people
haven’t
lost
heart,
vowing
to
turn
their
homeland
into
_____
more
beautiful
Yushu.
A.
a;
a
B.
an;
the
C.
the;
a
D.
an;
a
45.
In
the
early
morning
all
of
us
stood
at
the
top
of
the
mountain
___________
east
of
the
city,
watching
__________burning
sun
rising.
A.
/;
a
B.
the;
a
C.
the;
the
D.
/;
the
【口诀助记】
泛指首提为最多,有时表示某"一个";
物质抽象表"一场",so加形容再跟"a";
可数名词为"一类",序数词前"又一个";
quite等词常放后,固定短语须琢磨。
【口诀助记】
特指双方都熟悉,上文已经被提及。
世上无二仅独一,序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物,姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类,方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词,试用此诀有效率。
【口诀助记】
名词复数泛指人,冠词用法是个零。
专有、物质、抽象名,泛指时候冠不行。
含有day的节假日,不用冠词莫忘记。
季节月份星期几,不用冠词有道理。
三餐饭和打球前,不用冠词理当然。
名词前边已有代,不用冠词也无碍。
固定词组多注意,用与不用小心记。
称呼头衔不用冠,总共八条切莫乱。