第十三章
定语从句精讲与精练
一、定语从句从句讲前练：在空格处填入适当的词
I
have
a
dog,
[1]_____ears
are
long.I
often
walk
it
in
the
park,
[2]________
the
air
is
fresh
and
heavy
with
the
smell
of
beautiful
flowers.
The
reason
[3]_________
I
am
fond
of
walking
my
dog
is
that
it
does
good
to
its
health.However,
there
was
a
time
[4]_________I
hated
walking
the
dog.
At
one
time,we
lived
in
an
old
house
[5]________was
located
on
the
river
bank.There
was
an
atmosphere
[6]______made
me
upset.The
dog
barked
loudly
at
night,
[7]_______made
me
unable
to
sleep.And
therefore,
I
got
angry
with
it.
But
now
things
have
changed
a
lot.
We
live
in
a
comfortable
house
with
a
big
yard,
[8]________
the
dog
has
more
freedom
to
enjoy
itself.
It
has
a
sharp
sense
of
smell,
of
[9]______I
feel
proud.
[10]__________is
often
the
case,
the
dog
is
loyal
to
me.
二、定语从句考点精讲：
定语从句考点1、定语从句的基本概念
1.定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
EG1：The
man
who
is
talking
to
our
English
teacher
is
Tom’s
father.
2.关系词的作用：
①放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用;
②在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致;
③指代先行词的作用，关系代词的含义就是先行词的含义，关系副词的含义等于介词+先行词的含义。
EG2：This
is
the
factory
where（in
which）his
father
once
worked.
这是我父亲曾经工作的工厂。
【解析】关系词where/in
which
除了连接主句“This
is
the
factory”与从句“his
father
once
worked”外，还在从句中作地点状语，而且指代先行词，相当于in
the
factory.
EG3：We
should
do
all
that
is
useful
to
the
people.
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
【解析】关系词that除了连接主句“We
should
do
all”和从句“is
useful
to
the
people”外，还在从句中作主语，而且指代先行词all。
3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
EG4:
Her
brother
who
is
now
a
soldier
always
encourages
her
to
go
to
college.
【限制性定语从句】
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。
（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）
EG5:Her
brother,
who
is
now
a
soldier,
always
encourages
her
to
go
to
college.
【非限制性定语从句】
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：她只有一个哥哥）
注意：
①限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号分开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开。有无逗号是区分它们的标志。
②注意定语从句的翻译：限制性定语从句翻译成“......的......”;
而非限制性定语从句翻译成两个句子。
③限制性定语从句是对现行词的修饰和限定，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充和说明，关系词不可以省略。
对比练习
1.I
am
reading
Harry
Porter,
_________________is
an
interesting
book.
2.I
am
reading
the
book
________________I
borrowed
from
the
library.
3.He
failed
in
the
exam,
_______________made
his
parents
angry.
4.He
has
two
sons.
Both
of
____________
are
teachers.
5.He
has
two
sons,
both
of
____________
are
teachers.
定语从句考点2、关系代词与关系副词的基本性质
类别
关系词
指代
担任的成分
例句
关系代词
who
人
主，宾，表
1.Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother?
whom
人
宾语
2.Mr.
Smith
is
the
person
with
whom
I
am
working
3.The
boy
(whom)
she
loved
died
in
the
war..
whose
人，物
定语
4.I
like
those
books
whose
topics
are
about
history.
5.The
boy
whose
father
works
abroad
is
my
desk
mate.
that
人，物
主，宾，表
6.A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
7.She
is
the
pop
star
(that)
I
want
to
see
very
much.
which
物
主语，宾语
8.The
book
(which)
I
gave
you
was
worth
$10.
9.The
picture
which
was
about
the
accident
was
terrible.
as
人，物
主，宾，表
10.He
is
such
a
person
as
is
respected
by
all
of
us.
11.This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
lost
yesterday.
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
12.I
will
never
forget
the
day
when
we
met
there.
where
地点
地点状语
13.This
is
the
house
where
I
was
born.
why
原因
原因状语
14.I
can’t
imagine
the
reason
why
he
turned
down
my
offer.
注意：
1）、选择哪个关系词取决于先行词的指代和关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分。
2）、如何判断关系词（常是要填的空格）在句中充当什么句子成分：主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，关系词就是什么成分。
考点对点练1.用适当的关系词填空
1.The
App
We
Chat
provides
a
networking
platform__________communication
is
faster
and
easier.
2.Running
man
is
such
an
funny
reality
show
_______has
the
gravity
to
pull
you
in
front
of
your
television.
3.The
old
pictures
bring
them
to
the
days
___________they
spent
together,_______
life
was
hard
but
happy.
4.Lenovo
has
produced
a
new
laptop
______low
cost
will
make
it
attractive
to
students.
定语从句考点3、whose
引导的定语从句
Whose引导定语从句时在从句中作定语用,后面必须接名词，先行词与后面的名词有所属关系；“whose
+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语；whose
的先行词常指人，但有时也可以指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of
which
结构互换，词序是：“the+名词+of
which或of
which+the名词”。
EG5：The
house
whose
windows
are
broken
is
mine.
【whose
windows在从句中作主语】
=The
house
of
which
the
windows
are
broken
is
mine.
=The
house
the
windows
of
which
are
broken
is
mine.
EG6:
He
is
the
man
whose
car
was
stolen
yesterday.
EG7:
It
was
a
meeting
whose
importance
I
did
not
realize
at
that
time.
【whose
importance在从句中作宾语】
定语从句考点4、as
引导的限制性定语从句
as
引导限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，常用于先行词有the
same,
such,
so
修饰时；即用于“the
same...as...与...一样,
such...as...,
so....as...像...一样的”结构。
EG8：I
have
never
heard
such
stories
as
the
teacher
told.
我从未听过老师讲的这样的故事。
EG9：The
library
doesn’t
look
the
same
as
it
was
ten
years
ago.
图书馆看上去和解放前大不一样了。
EG10：It
is
so
easy
a
book
as
every
schoolboy
can
read.
它是一本每一个男生都能够容易读懂的书。
注意对比：
EG11:This
book
is
written
in
such
easy
English
as
beginners
can
understand.
【定语从句】
这本书是用初学者都能读懂的那么简单的英语写的。
EG12:This
book
is
written
in
such
easy
English
that
beginners
can
understand
it.
【结果状语从句】
这本书是用如此简单的英语写的，以至于初学者都能读懂。
小结：
so/such.....that.....
表“如此......以至于.....”
so/such.......as.......表“像......一样的......”
定语从句考点5、介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
EG13:
In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
who/whom
she
could
turn
to
for
help.
=In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
to
whom
she
could
turn
for
help.
EG14：We
live
in
an
age
in
which
more
information
is
available
with
greater
ease
than
ever
before.
小结：先行词是物时，用“介词+which”引导定语从句；先行词是人时，用
“介词+whom”引导定语从句。
注意：介词的确定：
①根据与定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。
EG15.Wind
power
is
an
ancient
source
of
energy
_____
which
we
may
return
in
the
near
future.
②根据与先行词搭配的具体含义来确定。
EG16:
I
am
looking
for
my
glasses,
_________which
I
can’t
watch
TV
clearly.
③定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯。
EG17：He
bought
the
car
for
more
than
$20,
000,
_______
which
his
father
was
angry.
④.
表示所属关系时，用of
which/whom
引导定语从句。
EG18:
Recently,
I
bought
an
ancient
vase,
the
price
______which
was
very
reasonable.
注意:
the+
n.
+of
which(whom)可与whose+
n.
互换。
⑤.
表示整体与部分关系时，也用of
which/whom
引导定语从句。
EG19:
He
has
ten
cousins,
the
youngest
_____whom
is
very
clever.
定语从句考点6、关系副词的用法
1.要用关系副词引导定语从句除了看先行词之外，一定要在句中作状语。
对比练习：
1.I
will
never
forget
the
days
___________
I
worked
together
with
them.
2.I
will
never
forget
the
days
___________
I
spent
together
with
them.
3.Huaihua
is
the
city
_____________
I
was
born.
4.Huaiua
is
the
city______________
I
have
never
visited
before.
5.The
reason
___________she
told
us
was
not
true.
6.She
didn’t
tell
me
the
reason
___________
she
refused
the
offer.
2、关系副词可以用
“介词+关系代词”
来代替。
When=in/at/on/during
which
where=in/at/on
which
why=for
which
考点对练2：用适当的关系词或介词填空
1.I
love
my
hometown
________which
I
feel
proud.
2.The
way
______
which
he
solved
the
problem
is
simple
and
effective.
3.Many
young
people,
most
of
________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
4.Some
experts
think
that
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon_______school
education
depends.
5.I
will
never
forget
the
time
__________
I
spent
my
childhood
in
the
country.
6.This
is
the
reason
_____________he
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
定语从句考点7、that与which的区别
1、只能使用that的情况：?
1).当先行词是nothing,?something,?anything,?all,?each等不定代词时。?
EG20:
Do?you?have?anything?that?is?important?to?tell?me??
2).当先行词被all,?any,?some,?no,??every,?each等修饰时。
EG21:
I?have?some?books?that?are?very?good.?
3).当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last,?next等)所修饰时。?
EG22:
This?is?the?first?book?that?I?bought?myself.?
4).当先行词被the?very,?the?last,?the?next,?the?only，the?same?等词修饰时。?
EG23:
This?is?the?very?book?that?I?lost?yesterday.?
5).当先行词又有人又有物时。?
EG24:?I?won’t?forget?the?things?and?the?persons?that?I?saw.?
2、只能使用which的情况。?
1)、非限制性定语从句中。?
EG25：Mary?has?a?book,?which?is?very?precious.
2)、在介词之后，作介词的宾语时。?
EG26：This?is?a?house?in?which?lives?an?old?man.?
考点对练3
1.Try
to
ask
others
if
there
is
anything
______you
can
do
to
make
their
day
better.
2.This
is
the
most
interesting
film
__________I’ve
ever
seen.
3.The
only
part
of
the
meal__________I
really
liked
was
the
dessert.
4.They
will
never
forget
the
things
and
persons______
they’ve
seen
or
heard
of
during
their
long
journey.
5.The
ancient
city
of
Phoenix
is
a
popular
tourist
attraction
in
China,
_________dates
back
to
the
Spring
and
Autumn
Period.
6.Which
is
the
bike_________
you
lost?
7.The
two
things
of_________they
felt
proud
were
Jim’s
gold
watch
and
Della’s
hair.
定语从句考点8、as与which的区别
which与as一样，都可以引导非限制性定语从句，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语。
1).as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，可
以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。?
EG27:As?is?known?to?all,?fish?can’t?live?without?water.?
EG28:Air,?as?we?know,?is?gas.
EG29:She
told
me
she
won
the
match
,
which
was
a
lie.
2).如表示“如同...那样，正如....一样”含义，常用as，常用的结构有as?we?know（众所周知）=as
is
known
to
us,
as?often?happens（正如常发生的那样）as?is?often?the?case（情况常常如此）as?we?can?see（正如我们看到的一样），as
is
said
above(如上所说)等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。?
EG30:As?is?known?to?all,?China?is?a?developing?country.
EG31:Kate?was?late?for?school?,?as?often?happened.?
定语从句考点9、先行词the
way后面的定语从句
The
way作先行词时，关系词在句中作主语、宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句，作状语时用in
which,这是由短语in
the
way(用这种方法)决定的；但是也可以用that引导，that还可以省略，这完全是语言习惯。
EG32：The
way
in
which
/
(that)
he
solved
the
problem
was
very
easy.
EG33:
The
way
(that/which)
he
explained
to
us
was
very
easy.
【此句中that/which可以省略是因为它们是作宾语】
三、定语从句应考技巧：
1、在语法填空题中，如果空格在句子的开头，则需考虑用连词，如果空格前面又有名词，则空格后的从句很可能是定语从句。
2、在语法改错题中，重点关注that与which的误用，关系代词与关系副词的误用，what误用为关系代词，非限制性定语从句中as与which的误用。
四、定语从句考点精练
(一)单句语法填空
1.【2021·新高考
I
卷改编
】Though
it
is
the
only
unnatural
thing
on
your
way
up
the
mountain,
still
it
highlights
the
whole
adventure
and
offers
a
place
_______________you
can
sit
down
to
rest
your
aching
legs.
2.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
formed
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
39
opened
in
1759.?
3.【2020·全国I卷】China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
4.【2020?全国Ⅲ卷
】In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
61
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
5.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9
am
to
5
pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
62.
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
6.【2019·全国卷Ⅲ】They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
64.
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
7.【2019·浙江6月卷】On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
58.
gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
8.【2019·北京卷】The
students
benefitting
most
from
college
are
those
9
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life,taking
full
advantage
of
the
college’s
chances
and
resources(资源).
9.【2018·北京】She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
10.【2018·天津】Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
11.【2017·北京卷改编】The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
12.【2017·江苏改编】In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
_______
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
13.【2016·北京】I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
________
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
14.【2016·江苏改编】Many
young
people,
most
of_________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
15.【2016·浙江改编】Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears
,
none
of
______
has
been
proved.
16.【2016·天津改编】We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
____
the
weather
may
be
better.
17.【2015·湖南改编】It
is
a
truly
delightful
place,
________
looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
18.【2015·北京改编】Opposite
is
St.Paul's
Church,___you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.
19.【2015·江苏改编】The
number
of
smokers,
_____
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
20.【2014·四川卷改编】Until
now,
we
have
raised
50.000
pounds
for
the
poor
children,
______
is
quite
unexpected.
21.【2018·全国I】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014_____showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
22.【2018·全国II】The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil-testing
program
______
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
23.【2018·浙江】Many
westerners
______
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
24.【2018·全国I】Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
is
not
good
for
the
health.
25.【2017·全国III】But
Sarah,
_______
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models
wants
to
prove
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
26.【2016·全国I】But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
to
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
_______
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
permitted
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
(二)定语从句单句改错
1.【2020·全国卷II】Thank
you
for
your
letter,
what
really
made
me
happy.
2.【2020·全国卷III】Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food
what
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.
3.【2019·全国卷I】One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
4.【2019·全国卷III】In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
5.【2018·全国卷I】They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
6.【2017全国卷Ⅱ】In
their
spare
time，they
are
interested
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden，that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
7.
[【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Around
me
in
the
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
8.【2016·四川】The
dishes
what
I
cooked
were
Mom’s
favorite.
9.This
is
the
longest
train
which
I
have
ever
seen.
10.Which
we
all
know,
swimming
is
a
very
good
sport.
11.I
shall
never
forget
those
years
which
I
lived
in
the
farm
which
you
visited
last
week.
12.The
radio
set
which
I
bought
it
last
week
has
gone
wrong.
13.He
paid
the
boy
$10
for
washing
ten
windows,
most
of
them
hadn't
been
cleaned
for
at
least
a
year.
14.The
day
will
come
which
the
people
all
over
the
world
will
win
liberation.
15.They
talked
for
about
an
hour
of
things
and
persons
who
they
remembered
in
the
school.
16.He
is
a
man
of
great
experience,
from
who
much
can
be
learned.
17.I
have
bought
the
same
dress
which
she
is
wearing.
(三)定语从句语篇填空训练
There
was
a
time
[1]______I
was
tired
of
learning
English
and
disliked
to
speak
English.And
this
is
the
reason
[2]________
my
father
forced
me
to
join
in
a
30?day
training
in
an
English
club
before
I
went
to
senior
high
school.When
I
first
came
to
the
club，[3]______
I
met
many
strangers，I
missed
my
parents
very
much.So
I
packed
up
my
things
and
wanted
to
go
home.Fortunately，my
guide
[4]_______
teacher
was
Li
Yang，communicated
with
me
face
to
face，from
[5]________
I
gained
some
useful
instructions.He
also
showed
me
a
good
partner，and
we
got
along
well
with
each
other.Gradually
I
adapted
to
the
life
there.Every
day
I
would
like
to
talk
to
other
teenagers
and
set
down
a
series
of
activities
[6]_______
we
did.My
father
and
the
guide
[7]_______
encouraged
me
to
fall
in
love
with
English
should
be
appreciated.Now
I
feel
it
interesting
to
learn
English，into
[8]
_______
I
put
my
entire
energy.Every
day
I
will
read
my
words
and
passages
aloud.In
class
I
will
join
in
English
discussions.Before
I
go
to
sleep，I
will
recall
my
passages，through
[9]_______
I
can
memorize
a
large
number
of
new
words.[10]______
our
English
teacher
says，“As
long
as
we
form
the
habit
of
learning
English
every
day
and
have
perseverance，we
will
conquer
English
sooner
or
later.”第十三章
定语从句精讲与精练
一、定语从句从句讲前练：在空格处填入适当的词
I
have
a
dog,
[1]_____ears
are
long.I
often
walk
it
in
the
park,
[2]________
the
air
is
fresh
and
heavy
with
the
smell
of
beautiful
flowers.
The
reason
[3]_________
I
am
fond
of
walking
my
dog
is
that
it
does
good
to
its
health.However,
there
was
a
time
[4]_________I
hated
walking
the
dog.
At
one
time,we
lived
in
an
old
house
[5]________was
located
on
the
river
bank.There
was
an
atmosphere
[6]______made
me
upset.The
dog
barked
loudly
at
night,
[7]_______made
me
unable
to
sleep.And
therefore,
I
got
angry
with
it.
But
now
things
have
changed
a
lot.
We
live
in
a
comfortable
house
with
a
big
yard,
[8]________
the
dog
has
more
freedom
to
enjoy
itself.
It
has
a
sharp
sense
of
smell,
of
[9]______I
feel
proud.
[10]__________is
often
the
case,
the
dog
is
loyal
to
me.
Keys:
?1.whose
2.where
3.why
4.when
5.which/that
6.which/that
7.which
8.where
9.which
10.As
二、定语从句考点精讲：
定语从句考点1、定语从句的基本概念
1.定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
EG1：The
man
who
is
talking
to
our
English
teacher
is
Tom’s
father.
2.关系词的作用：
①放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用;
②在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致;
③指代先行词的作用，关系代词的含义就是先行词的含义，关系副词的含义等于介词+先行词的含义。
EG2：This
is
the
factory
where（in
which）his
father
once
worked.
这是我父亲曾经工作的工厂。
【解析】关系词where/in
which
除了连接主句“This
is
the
factory”与从句“his
father
once
worked”外，还在从句中作地点状语，而且指代先行词，相当于in
the
factory.
EG3：We
should
do
all
that
is
useful
to
the
people.
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
【解析】关系词that除了连接主句“We
should
do
all”和从句“is
useful
to
the
people”外，还在从句中作主语，而且指代先行词all。
3.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
EG4:
Her
brother
who
is
now
a
soldier
always
encourages
her
to
go
to
college.
【限制性定语从句】
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。
（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）
EG5:Her
brother,
who
is
now
a
soldier,
always
encourages
her
to
go
to
college.
【非限制性定语从句】
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：她只有一个哥哥）
注意：
①限制性定语从句与主句之间没有逗号分开，非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开。有无逗号是区分它们的标志。
②注意定语从句的翻译：限制性定语从句翻译成“......的......”;
而非限制性定语从句翻译成两个句子。
③限制性定语从句是对现行词的修饰和限定，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；而非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充和说明，关系词不可以省略。
对比练习
1.I
am
reading
Harry
Porter,
_________________is
an
interesting
book.
Key:which
2.I
am
reading
the
book
________________I
borrowed
from
the
library.
Key：which
/
that
3.He
failed
in
the
exam,
_______________made
his
parents
angry.
Key:
which
4.He
has
two
sons.
Both
of
____________
are
teachers.
Key:them
5.He
has
two
sons,
both
of
____________
are
teachers.
Key:whom
定语从句考点2、关系代词与关系副词的基本性质
类别
关系词
指代
担任的成分
例句
关系代词
who
人
主，宾，表
1.Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother?
whom
人
宾语
2.Mr.
Smith
is
the
person
with
whom
I
am
working
3.The
boy
(whom)
she
loved
died
in
the
war..
whose
人，物
定语
4.I
like
those
books
whose
topics
are
about
history.
5.The
boy
whose
father
works
abroad
is
my
desk
mate.
that
人，物
主，宾，表
6.A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
7.She
is
the
pop
star
(that)
I
want
to
see
very
much.
which
物
主语，宾语
8.The
book
(which)
I
gave
you
was
worth
$10.
9.The
picture
which
was
about
the
accident
was
terrible.
as
人，物
主，宾，表
10.He
is
such
a
person
as
is
respected
by
all
of
us.
11.This
is
the
same
pen
as
I
lost
yesterday.
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
12.I
will
never
forget
the
day
when
we
met
there.
where
地点
地点状语
13.This
is
the
house
where
I
was
born.
why
原因
原因状语
14.I
can’t
imagine
the
reason
why
he
turned
down
my
offer.
注意：
1）、选择哪个关系词取决于先行词的指代和关系词在定语从句中充当的句子成分。
2）、如何判断关系词（常是要填的空格）在句中充当什么句子成分：主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，关系词就是什么成分。
考点对点练1.用适当的关系词填空
1.The
App
We
Chat
provides
a
networking
platform__________communication
is
faster
and
easier.
Key:
where
2.Running
man
is
such
an
funny
reality
show
_______has
the
gravity
to
pull
you
in
front
of
your
television.
Key:as
3.The
old
pictures
bring
them
to
the
days
___________they
spent
together,_______
life
was
hard
but
happy.
Key:that/which,
when
4.Lenovo
has
produced
a
new
laptop
______low
cost
will
make
it
attractive
to
students.
Key:
whose
定语从句考点3、whose
引导的定语从句
Whose引导定语从句时在从句中作定语用,后面必须接名词，先行词与后面的名词有所属关系；“whose
+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语；whose
的先行词常指人，但有时也可以指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of
which
结构互换，词序是：“the+名词+of
which或of
which+the名词”。
EG5：The
house
whose
windows
are
broken
is
mine.
【whose
windows在从句中作主语】
=The
house
of
which
the
windows
are
broken
is
mine.
=The
house
the
windows
of
which
are
broken
is
mine.
EG6:
He
is
the
man
whose
car
was
stolen
yesterday.
EG7:
It
was
a
meeting
whose
importance
I
did
not
realize
at
that
time.
【whose
importance在从句中作宾语】
定语从句考点4、as
引导的限制性定语从句
as
引导限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，常用于先行词有the
same,
such,
so
修饰时；即用于“the
same...as...与...一样,
such...as...,
so....as...像...一样的”结构。
EG8：I
have
never
heard
such
stories
as
the
teacher
told.
我从未听过老师讲的这样的故事。
EG9：The
library
doesn’t
look
the
same
as
it
was
ten
years
ago.
图书馆看上去和解放前大不一样了。
EG10：It
is
so
easy
a
book
as
every
schoolboy
can
read.
它是一本每一个男生都能够容易读懂的书。
注意对比：
EG11:This
book
is
written
in
such
easy
English
as
beginners
can
understand.
【定语从句】
这本书是用初学者都能读懂的那么简单的英语写的。
EG12:This
book
is
written
in
such
easy
English
that
beginners
can
understand
it.
【结果状语从句】
这本书是用如此简单的英语写的，以至于初学者都能读懂。
小结：
so/such.....that.....
表“如此......以至于.....”
so/such.......as.......表“像......一样的......”
定语从句考点5、介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
EG13:
In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
who/whom
she
could
turn
to
for
help.
=In
the
dark
street,
there
wasn’t
a
single
person
to
whom
she
could
turn
for
help.
EG14：We
live
in
an
age
in
which
more
information
is
available
with
greater
ease
than
ever
before.
小结：先行词是物时，用“介词+which”引导定语从句；先行词是人时，用
“介词+whom”引导定语从句。
注意：介词的确定：
①根据与定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。
EG15.Wind
power
is
an
ancient
source
of
energy
_____
which
we
may
return
in
the
near
future.
Key:
to
【解析】由短语return
to（回到，返回）
确定的。句意：“风能是一种古老的能量来源，在不久的未来我们就会重新使用它”；Which指代前面的先行词an
ancient
source
of
energy作为介词to的宾语。”
②根据与先行词搭配的具体含义来确定。
EG16:
I
am
looking
for
my
glasses,
_________which
I
can’t
watch
TV
clearly.
Key:
without
【解析】句意：“我正在寻找我的眼镜，没有它我看不清电视”，根据句意可知应用“without（没有）”。
③定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯。
EG17：He
bought
the
car
for
more
than
$20,
000,
_______
which
his
father
was
angry.
Key:
with【解析】句意：“他用2万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气”。由“be
angry
with(对....生气)
”可知应用“with”。
④.
表示所属关系时，用of
which/whom
引导定语从句。
EG18:
Recently,
I
bought
an
ancient
vase,
the
price
______which
was
very
reasonable.
Key:
of
注意:
the+
n.
+of
which(whom)可与whose+
n.
互换。
⑤.
表示整体与部分关系时，也用of
which/whom
引导定语从句。
EG19:
He
has
ten
cousins,
the
youngest
_____whom
is
very
clever.
Key:
of
定语从句考点6、关系副词的用法
1.要用关系副词引导定语从句除了看先行词之外，一定要在句中作状语。
对比练习：
1.I
will
never
forget
the
days
___________
I
worked
together
with
them.
Key:
when/in
which
【解析】现行词the
days是表时间，而且；worked是不及物动词，后面不需接宾语，从句可以写成完整的句子“I
worked
together
with
them
in
the
days.”,这就容易看出in
the
days在句中作状语；所以空格处应作状语，故用when/in
which。
2.I
will
never
forget
the
days
___________
I
spent
together
with
them.
Key:
that/which
【解析】现行词the
days是表时间，也可以看成是物，但是；spent是及物动词，后面需接宾语，从句可以写成完整的句子“I
spent
together
the
days
with
them
.”,这就容易看出the
days在句中作宾语；所以空格处应作宾语，故用that/which。
3.Huaihua
is
the
city
_____________
I
was
born.
Key:
where/in
which【解析】现行词the
city是表地点，但是；was
born是被动语态，后面不缺宾语，从句可以写成完整的句子“I
was
born
in
the
city.”,这就容易看出in
the
city在句中作地点状语；所以空格处应作地点状语，故用where/in
which。
4.Huaiua
is
the
city______________
I
have
never
visited
before.
Key:
that/which【解析】现行词the
city是表地点，也可以看成是物；但是visited是及物动词，后面缺宾语，从句可以写成完整的句子“I
have
never
visited
the
city
before.”,这就容易看出the
city在句中作宾语；所以空格处应作宾语，故用that/which。
5.The
reason
___________she
told
us
was
not
true.
Key:
that/which【解析】先行词reason是表原因，也可以看成是表物，但是定语从句中told后缺直接宾语，所以空格处作宾语，故用that/which。
6.She
didn’t
tell
me
the
reason
___________
she
refused
the
offer.
Key:
why/for
which【解析】行词reason是表原因，而且定语从句中主语（she）和宾语(the
offer)都不缺，所以空格处作原因状语，故用why/for
which。
2、关系副词可以用
“介词+关系代词”
来代替。
When=in/at/on/during
which
where=in/at/on
which
why=for
which
考点对练2：用适当的关系词或介词填空
1.I
love
my
hometown
________which
I
feel
proud.
Key:
of
2.The
way
______
which
he
solved
the
problem
is
simple
and
effective.
Key:in
3.Many
young
people,
most
of
________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
Key:
whom
4.Some
experts
think
that
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon_______school
education
depends.
Keys:which
5.I
will
never
forget
the
time
__________
I
spent
my
childhood
in
the
country.
Key:when/during
which
6.This
is
the
reason
_____________he
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
Key:for
which/why
定语从句考点7、that与which的区别
1、只能使用that的情况：?
1).当先行词是nothing,?something,?anything,?all,?each等不定代词时。?
EG20:
Do?you?have?anything?that?is?important?to?tell?me??
2).当先行词被all,?any,?some,?no,??every,?each等修饰时。
EG21:
I?have?some?books?that?are?very?good.?
3).当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last,?next等)所修饰时。?
EG22:
This?is?the?first?book?that?I?bought?myself.?
4).当先行词被the?very,?the?last,?the?next,?the?only，the?same?等词修饰时。?
EG23:
This?is?the?very?book?that?I?lost?yesterday.?
5).当先行词又有人又有物时。?
EG24:?I?won’t?forget?the?things?and?the?persons?that?I?saw.?
2、只能使用which的情况。?
1)、非限制性定语从句中。?
EG25：Mary?has?a?book,?which?is?very?precious.
2)、在介词之后，作介词的宾语时。?
EG26：This?is?a?house?in?which?lives?an?old?man.?
考点对练3
1.Try
to
ask
others
if
there
is
anything
______you
can
do
to
make
their
day
better.
Key:that
2.This
is
the
most
interesting
film
__________I’ve
ever
seen.
Key:that
3.The
only
part
of
the
meal__________I
really
liked
was
the
dessert.
Key:that
4.They
will
never
forget
the
things
and
persons______
they’ve
seen
or
heard
of
during
their
long
journey.
Key:that
5.The
ancient
city
of
Phoenix
is
a
popular
tourist
attraction
in
China,
_________dates
back
to
the
Spring
and
Autumn
Period.
Key:
which
6.Which
is
the
bike_________
you
lost?
Key:
that
7.The
two
things
of_________they
felt
proud
were
Jim’s
gold
watch
and
Della’s
hair.
Key:
which
定语从句考点8、as与which的区别
which与as一样，都可以引导非限制性定语从句，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语。
1).as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活，可
以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。?
EG27:As?is?known?to?all,?fish?can’t?live?without?water.?
EG28:Air,?as?we?know,?is?gas.
EG29:She
told
me
she
won
the
match
,
which
was
a
lie.
2).如表示“如同...那样，正如....一样”含义，常用as，常用的结构有as?we?know（众所周知）=as
is
known
to
us,
as?often?happens（正如常发生的那样）as?is?often?the?case（情况常常如此）as?we?can?see（正如我们看到的一样），as
is
said
above(如上所说)等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。?
EG30:As?is?known?to?all,?China?is?a?developing?country.
EG31:Kate?was?late?for?school?,?as?often?happened.?
定语从句考点9、先行词the
way后面的定语从句
The
way作先行词时，关系词在句中作主语、宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句，作状语时用in
which,这是由短语in
the
way(用这种方法)决定的；但是也可以用that引导，that还可以省略，这完全是语言习惯。
EG32：The
way
in
which
/
(that)
he
solved
the
problem
was
very
easy.
EG33:
The
way
(that/which)
he
explained
to
us
was
very
easy.
【此句中that/which可以省略是因为它们是作宾语】
三、定语从句应考技巧：
1、在语法填空题中，如果空格在句子的开头，则需考虑用连词，如果空格前面又有名词，则空格后的从句很可能是定语从句。
2、在语法改错题中，重点关注that与which的误用，关系代词与关系副词的误用，what误用为关系代词，非限制性定语从句中as与which的误用。
四、定语从句考点精练
(一)单句语法填空
1.【2021·新高考
I
卷改编
】Though
it
is
the
only
unnatural
thing
on
your
way
up
the
mountain,
still
it
highlights
the
whole
adventure
and
offers
a
place
_______________you
can
sit
down
to
rest
your
aching
legs.
Key:
where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知空格后是定语从句，先行词是a
place,空格处应作地点状语，故用where。
2.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】The
80,000
objects
collected
by
Sir
Hans
Sloane,
for
example,
formed
the
core
collection
of
the
British
Museum
39
opened
in
1759.?
Key:
which/
that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“例如，Sir
Hans
Sloane
收藏的8万件物品形成了在1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心馆藏”；分析句子结构可知此处应填入定语从句的引导词,结合句意“于1759年开放”可知修饰前面的the
British
Museum,且在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词which/that。
3.【2020·全国I卷】China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
Key:where【解析】
考查定语从句。根据结构可知,空格后面是一个句子,而空格前是一个名词。结合句意可知,空格后的句子是定语从句。利用定语从句的知识,可判断出用关系副词where。
4.【2020?全国Ⅲ卷
】In
ancient
China
lived
an
artist
61
paintings
were
almost
lifelike.
Key:whose【解析】考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句子,缺少连接词,根据后面的paintings可知,我们需要填进去的词应该和paintings构成所属关系,填whose。
5.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】Now
Irene
Astbury
works
from
9
am
to
5
pm
daily
at
the
pet
shop
in
Macclesfield,
62.
she
opened
with
her
late
husband
Les.
Key:which【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句,且关系词在句中替代先行词the
pet
shop在从句中作宾语,故用关系代词which。
6.【2019·全国卷Ⅲ】They
were
well
trained
by
their
masters
64.
had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals.
Key:who
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知had
great
experience
with
caring
for
these
animals为定语从句,修饰先行词masters,masters为人,故填who。
7.【2019·浙江6月卷】On
the
edge
of
the
jacket,there
is
a
piece
of
cloth
58.
gives
off
light
in
the
dark.
Key:which/that【解析】考查定语从句。分析句式可知,先行词是cloth,后面是定语从句,且在从句中作主语,故用关系代词that/which。
8.【2019·北京卷】The
students
benefitting
most
from
college
are
those
9
are
totally
engaged(参与)in
academic
life,taking
full
advantage
of
the
college’s
chances
and
resources(资源).
Key:who/that【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。those作先行词时,关系代词一般用who;又因为that也可以指人,故填who/that。
9.【2018·北京】
She
and
her
family
bicycle
to
work,
_________
helps
them
keep
fit.
Key:which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____
helps
them
keep
fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。
10.【2018·天津】Kae,
_________sister
I
shared
a
room
with
when
we
were
at
college,
has
gone
to
work
in
Australia.
Key:whose【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。
11.【2017·北京卷改编】The
little
problems
______
we
meet
in
our
daily
lives
may
be
inspirations
for
great
inventions.
Key:that/which
12.【2017·江苏改编】In
1963
the
UN
set
up
the
World
Food
Programme,
one
of
_______
purposes
is
to
relieve
worldwide
starvation.
Key:whose
13.【2016·北京】I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
________
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
Key:whose
14.【2016·江苏改编】Many
young
people,
most
of_________were
well-educated,
headed
for
remote
regions
to
chase
their
dreams.
Key:whom
15.【2016·浙江改编】Scientists
have
advanced
many
theories
about
why
human
beings
cry
tears
,
none
of
______
has
been
proved.
Key:which
16.【2016·天津改编】We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week,
____
the
weather
may
be
better.
Key:when
17.【2015·湖南改编】It
is
a
truly
delightful
place,
________
looks
the
same
as
it
must
have
done
100
years
ago
with
its
winding
streets
and
pretty
cottages.
Key:which
18.【2015·北京改编】Opposite
is
St.Paul's
Church,___you
can
hear
some
lovely
music.
Key:where
19.【2015·江苏改编】The
number
of
smokers,
_____
is
reported,
has
dropped
by
17
percent
in
just
one
year.
Key:
as
20.【2014·四川卷改编】Until
now,
we
have
raised
50.000
pounds
for
the
poor
children,
______
is
quite
unexpected.
Key:which
21.【2018·全国I】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014_____showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
causes.
Key:that/which
22.【2018·全国II】The
Chinese
Ministry
of
Agriculture
finds
that
between
2005—when
the
government
started
a
soil-testing
program
______
gives
specific
fertilizer
recommendations
to
farmers
-
and
2011,
fertilizer
use
dropped
by
7.7
million
tons.
Key:that/which
23.【2018·浙江】Many
westerners
______
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
it
can
be
to
eat
out.
Key:
who
24.【2018·全国I】Like
anything,
it
is
possible
to
have
too
much
of
both,
is
not
good
for
the
health.
Key:which
25.【2017·全国III】But
Sarah,
_______
has
taken
part
in
shows
along
with
top
models
wants
to
prove
that
she
has
brains
as
well
as
beauty.
Key:who
26.【2016·全国I】But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
to
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
_______
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
permitted
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
Key:when
(二)定语从句单句改错
1.【2020·全国卷II】Thank
you
for
your
letter,
what
really
made
me
happy.
【答案与解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your
letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
2.【2020·全国卷III】Understanding
her
good
intentions,
I
eat
all
the
food
what
is
provided
by
Mom
with
appreciation.
【答案与解析】考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all
the
food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
3.【2019·全国卷I】One
afternoon
where
I
was
in
primary
school,
I
was
walking
by
the
school
playground.
【答案与解析】考查定语从句。先行词one
afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.【2019·全国卷III】In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
themselves
in
the
historical
environment
what
is
created
for
them.
【答案与解析】考查定语从句。先行词environment
在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故
把what改为that/which。
5.【2018·全国卷I】They
also
had
a
small
pond
which
they
raised
fish.
【答案与解析】which改成in
which或where
考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a
small
pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in
which或where。
6.【2017全国卷Ⅱ】In
their
spare
time，they
are
interested
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden，that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
Key:that--which
7.
[【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Around
me
in
the
picture
are
the
things
they
were
very
important
in
my
life
at
that
time:
car
magazines
and
musical
instruments.
Key:they--that/which
8.【2016·四川】The
dishes
what
I
cooked
were
Mom’s
favorite.
Key:what--that/which
或去掉what
9.This
is
the
longest
train
which
I
have
ever
seen.
Key:which--that
10.Which
we
all
know,
swimming
is
a
very
good
sport.
Key:Which--As
11.I
shall
never
forget
those
years
which
I
lived
in
the
farm
which
you
visited
last
week.
12.The
radio
set
which
I
bought
it
last
week
has
gone
wrong.
Key:划掉it
13.He
paid
the
boy
$10
for
washing
ten
windows,
most
of
them
hadn't
been
cleaned
for
at
least
a
year.
Key:them--whom
14.The
day
will
come
which
the
people
all
over
the
world
will
win
liberation.
Key:which--when
15.They
talked
for
about
an
hour
of
things
and
persons
who
they
remembered
in
the
school.
Key:Who--that
16.He
is
a
man
of
great
experience,
from
who
much
can
be
learned.
Key:who--whom
17.I
have
bought
the
same
dress
which
she
is
wearing.
Key:which--as
(三)定语从句语篇填空训练
There
was
a
time
[1]______I
was
tired
of
learning
English
and
disliked
to
speak
English.And
this
is
the
reason
[2]________
my
father
forced
me
to
join
in
a
30?day
training
in
an
English
club
before
I
went
to
senior
high
school.When
I
first
came
to
the
club，[3]______
I
met
many
strangers，I
missed
my
parents
very
much.So
I
packed
up
my
things
and
wanted
to
go
home.Fortunately，my
guide
[4]_______
teacher
was
Li
Yang，communicated
with
me
face
to
face，from
[5]________
I
gained
some
useful
instructions.He
also
showed
me
a
good
partner，and
we
got
along
well
with
each
other.Gradually
I
adapted
to
the
life
there.Every
day
I
would
like
to
talk
to
other
teenagers
and
set
down
a
series
of
activities
[6]_______
we
did.My
father
and
the
guide
[7]_______
encouraged
me
to
fall
in
love
with
English
should
be
appreciated.Now
I
feel
it
interesting
to
learn
English，into
[8]
_______
I
put
my
entire
energy.Every
day
I
will
read
my
words
and
passages
aloud.In
class
I
will
join
in
English
discussions.Before
I
go
to
sleep，I
will
recall
my
passages，through
[9]_______
I
can
memorize
a
large
number
of
new
words.[10]______
our
English
teacher
says，“As
long
as
we
form
the
habit
of
learning
English
every
day
and
have
perseverance，we
will
conquer
English
sooner
or
later.”
答案1.when2.why3.where
4.whose5.whom
6that/which7.who/that 8.which9.which10.As
