专题01名词
【名词思维导图】
【名词高考考查动向】
动向一、动词、形容词转换为名词
动向二、名词单数变复数规则变化
动向三、不可数名词无复数，前边无a(n)
动向四：名词所有格用法
【小题狂练一】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.
(2021?全国甲)Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
________
(watchtower)
to
take
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
daily
routines.
2.
(2021?全国乙)
________(activity)
there
range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking
(远足)
and
accommodations
aim
to
have
a
low
impact
on
the
natural
environment.
3.
(2021?全国乙)
It
is
different
from
traditional
tourism
because
it
allows
the
traveler
to
become
educated
about
the
areas,…
and
often
provides
money
for
conservation
and
benefits
the
__________(develop)
of
the
local
areas.
4.
(2021?新高考全国)The
rolling
sea
of
clouds
you
see
once
you
are
at
the
top
will
remind
you
how
tiny
we
________
(human)
are.
5.
(2021?浙江6月)
In
1844
they
bought
it
for
$1,200
and
some
land
from
Charles
Dresser,
who
performed
their
________
(marry)
ceremony
in
1842.
6.
(2021?浙江1月)It
is
calculated
by
dividing
a
________
(person)
weight
in
kg
by
their
height
in
meters
squared,
and
a
BMI
of
between
19
and
25
is
considered
healthy.
7.
(2020?全国I)
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
________
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
than
the
familiar
near
side.
8.
(2020?全国II)
Chinese
New
Year
is
a
__________
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
9.
(2020?全国IIII)
Filled
with
_______
(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
10.(2019?全国I)
In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
_______(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
11.
My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
__________
(science)
who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
12.
This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
_________(introduce)
of
electric-powered
engines
and
lifts.
13.
She
has
turned
down
several
__________
(invitation)
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies.
14.
When
they
were
free
from
work,
they
invited
us
to
local
events
and
let
us
know
of
an
interesting
_____________(compete)
to
watch,
together
with
the
story
behind
it.
15.
Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you’ll
feel
a
real
sense
of
_____________
(achieve).
16.
In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty,
what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
________(able)
to
“air
condition”
a
house
without
using
electric
equipment.
17.
As
it
turns
out,
the
store's
design
has
more
____________(significant)
than
just
a
fun
feel.
18.
It
takes
a
lot
of
creativity
and
__________
(patient)
to
create
every
piece.
19.
With
no
background
in
computing,
Mr
Ma
co-founded
Alibaba
with
__________
(create)
in
his
apartment
two
decades
ago.
20.
They
have
a
________
(vary)
of
unique
tastes,
such
as
flavors
of
apples,
lemons,
peaches
and
roses.
【小题狂练二】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21.
(2021·全国甲)
Many
students
say
they
will
talk
to
their
friend
or
classmates
because
they’re
of
the
same
age
and
can
understand
each
other.
22.
(2021·全国乙)
I
always
assist
my
parents
in
doing
the
dish
after
meals.
23.
(2020·全国I)
Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.?
24.
(2020·全国II)
Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
25.
(2019·全国Ⅱ)
Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.
26.
(2019·全国Ⅲ)
I
wish
to
have
a
chain
of
cafes
in
many
different
city.
27.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
Last
winter
when
I
went
there
again,
they
had
a
big
separate
house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.
28.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
After
supper,
we
would
play
card
games
of
all
sort
in
the
sitting
room.
29.
(2018全国II)When
I
was
little,
Friday’s
night
was
our
family
game
night.
30.
(2018全国卷III)
The
instructor
kept
repeating
the
word,
“Speed
up!”
“Slow
down!”
“Turn
left!”
31.
To
everyone’s
surprising,
the
ball
went
into
the
net.
32.
I
did
a
good
job
in
the
end.
It
was
deep
breathing
that
helped
me
out
of
anxious.
33.
Besides,
they
often
get
some
useful
informations
from
the
Internet.
34.
My
uncle
tells
me
that
the
key
to
his
success
is
honest.
35.
The
teenage
year
from
13
to
19
were
the
most
difficult
time
for
me.
36.
I'll
never
forget
the
last
winter
holiday
in
my
hometown.
On
the
way
to
my
grandpa,
my
father
drove
very
carefully
and
slowly
all
the
way,
for
it
was
snowing
heavily.
37.
The
airs
we
breathe
in
is
getting
dirtier
and
dirtier.
38.
Tea
is
the
national
drink
in
China,
but
the
produce
and
consumption
of
tea
is
distinctive
in
different
regions.
39.
If
we
go
on
a
trip
abroad,
we
can
broaden
our
view
and
gain
knowledges
we
cannot
get
from
books.
40.
Every
possible
means
have
been
used
to
prevent
the
air
pollution,
but
none
worked.
【小题狂练三】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Two
41
(month)
ago,
three
42
(hero)
caught
four
43
(thief).They
made
them
plant
some
44
(potato)
and
45
(bamboo)
in
two
46
(zoo).They
also
made
their
47
(wife)
return
the
four
big
48
(box)
with
some
precious
49
(photo)
and
50
(brush)
in
them.
【小题狂练四】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Two
51
(editor-in-chief),
three
52
(man
teacher)
and
five
53
(woman
doctor),
together
with
their
54
(child),
went
to
the
market.
They
decided
to
buy
two
55
(sheep),
three
56
(deer),
four
57
(ox),
five
58
(goose)
and
six
white
59
(mouse)
with
six
60
(tooth).
【小题狂练五】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
high
school
history
teacher
once
told
us,
“If
you
make
one
close
friend
in
school,
you
will
be
most
lucky.
61
true
friend
is
someone
who
stays
with
you
for
life.”
Experience
shows
that
he
was
right.
Good
62
(friend)
are
just
not
easily
formed.
To
most
of
us，friendships
are
thought
very
important，but
we
need
to
have
the
kinds
of
friendships
we
want.
Are
they
to
be
close
or
kept
at
arm's
63
(long)?
Do
we
want
to
share
ourselves
or
do
we
want
to
walk
on
the
surface?
For
some
people,
many
friendships
on
the
surface
are
quite
enough
and
that's
all
right.
But
at
some
point
we
need
to
make
sure
that
our
expectations
are
the
same
as
our
64
(friend)
expectations.
The
sharing
of
65
(person)
experience
is
the
surest
way
66
(deepen)
friendships.
But
it
must
be
undertaken
slowly
and
carried
on
only
if
there
are
signs
of
interest
and
action
in
return.
What
are
some
of
the
difficulties
to
friendship？
The
greatest
is
the
attraction
to
expect
too
much
too
soon.
Deep
relationships
take
time.
67
main
difficulty
is
the
68
(selfish)
to
think
one
“owns”
the
other,
including
his
time
and
attention.
Similarly，friendships
need
actions
in
return.
In
other
words，you
must
give
as
much
as
you
take.
Finally
there
is
a
question
of
taking
care
of
each
other.
69
you
spend
reasonable
time
together,
talking
on
the
phone,
writing
70
(letter)
or
doing
things
together,
friendships
will
die
away.专题01名词
【名词思维导图】
【名词高考考查动向】
动向一、动词、形容词转换为名词
动向二、名词单数变复数规则变化
动向三、不可数名词无复数，前边无a(n)
动向四：名词所有格用法
【小题狂练一】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.
(2021?全国甲)Supposedly
you
can
do
it
in
two
hours,
but
we
stopped
at
the
different
gates
and
________
(watchtower)
to
take
pictures
or
just
to
watch
the
local
people
going
about
their
daily
routines.
2.
(2021?全国乙)
________(activity)
there
range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking
(远足)
and
accommodations
aim
to
have
a
low
impact
on
the
natural
environment.
3.
(2021?全国乙)
It
is
different
from
traditional
tourism
because
it
allows
the
traveler
to
become
educated
about
the
areas,…
and
often
provides
money
for
conservation
and
benefits
the
__________(develop)
of
the
local
areas.
4.
(2021?新高考全国)The
rolling
sea
of
clouds
you
see
once
you
are
at
the
top
will
remind
you
how
tiny
we
________
(human)
are.
5.
(2021?浙江6月)
In
1844
they
bought
it
for
$1,200
and
some
land
from
Charles
Dresser,
who
performed
their
________
(marry)
ceremony
in
1842.
6.
(2021?浙江1月)It
is
calculated
by
dividing
a
________
(person)
weight
in
kg
by
their
height
in
meters
squared,
and
a
BMI
of
between
19
and
25
is
considered
healthy.
7.
(2020?全国I)
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
________
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters
(环形山),
more
so
than
the
familiar
near
side.
8.
(2020?全国II)
Chinese
New
Year
is
a
__________
(celebrate)
marking
the
end
of
the
winter
season
and
the
beginning
of
spring.
9.
(2020?全国IIII)
Filled
with
_______
(curious),
the
artist
packed
his
bags
and
left.
10.(2019?全国I)
In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
have
reported
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
_______(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
11.
My
name
is
Mireya
Mayor.
I'm
a
__________
(science)
who
studies
animals
such
as
apes
and
monkeys.
12.
This
development
was
only
possible
with
the
_________(introduce)
of
electric-powered
engines
and
lifts.
13.
She
has
turned
down
several
__________
(invitation)
to
star
at
shows
in
order
to
concentrate
on
her
studies.
14.
When
they
were
free
from
work,
they
invited
us
to
local
events
and
let
us
know
of
an
interesting
_____________(compete)
to
watch,
together
with
the
story
behind
it.
15.
Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you’ll
feel
a
real
sense
of
_____________
(achieve).
16.
In
addition
to
their
simple
beauty,
what
makes
the
adobe
dwellings
admirable
is
their
________(able)
to
“air
condition”
a
house
without
using
electric
equipment.
17.
As
it
turns
out,
the
store's
design
has
more
____________(significant)
than
just
a
fun
feel.
18.
It
takes
a
lot
of
creativity
and
__________
(patient)
to
create
every
piece.
19.
With
no
background
in
computing,
Mr
Ma
co-founded
Alibaba
with
__________
(create)
in
his
apartment
two
decades
ago.
20.
They
have
a
________
(vary)
of
unique
tastes,
such
as
flavors
of
apples,
lemons,
peaches
and
roses.
【答案与解析】
1.
watchtowers。考查名词复数用法。different后接复数名词。
2.
Activities。考查名词复数用法。谓语部分range
from
whale
watching
to
hiking暗示主语应用复数形式。
3.
development。考查名词词类转换。定冠词the后接名词，合起来作动词benefits的宾语。
4.
humans。考查名词复数用法。本句中we是主语，humans作主语同位语。
5.
marriage。考查名词词类转换。形容词性物主代词their后接名词。
6.
person’s。考查名词所有格。介乎于静名词所有格作定语，a
person’s
weight表示“一个人的体重”。
7.
interest。考查名词词类转换。of
particular
interest是固定搭配，表示“对……有特别兴趣”，介词和形容词后接名词。
8.
celebration。考查名词词类转换。不定冠词a后接名词。
9.
curiosity。考查名词词类转换。介词之后接名词作宾语。
10.
belief。考查名词词类转换。不定冠词a后接名词。
11.
scientist。考查名词词类转换。不定冠词a后接名词。
12.
introduction。考查名词词类转换。定冠词the后接名词。
13.
invitations。考查名词复数用法。名词前有限定词several，暗示名词用复数形式。
14.
competition。考查名词词类转换。不定冠词an和形容词后接名词。
15.
achievement。考查名词词类转换。介词之后接名词作宾语。a
real
sense
of
achievement表示“成就感”。
16.
ability。考查名词词类转换。形容词性物主代词their后接名词。
17.
significance。考查名词词类转换。名词作has的宾语，故填significant的名词形式significance。
18.
patience。考查名词词类转换。由and可知，是与名词creativity并列，一起做takes的宾语，故填patient的名词形式patience。
19.
creativity。考查名词词类转换。作介词
(with)
的宾语用名词,
with
creativity
(创造性地；具有创造性)。
20.
variety。考查名词词类转换。在冠词
(a)
后应用名词，不过，此处的a
variety
of
(各种各样的)
可看作是固定词组。
【小题狂练二】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
21.
(2021·全国甲)
Many
students
say
they
will
talk
to
their
friend
or
classmates
because
they’re
of
the
same
age
and
can
understand
each
other.
22.
(2021·全国乙)
I
always
assist
my
parents
in
doing
the
dish
after
meals.
23.
(2020·全国I)
Next
I
broke
the
eggs
into
a
bowl
and
beat
them
quickly
with
chopstick.?
24.
(2020·全国II)
Luckily,
I
will
go
home
in
two
weeks
for
summer
vacations.
25.
(2019·全国Ⅱ)
Since
I
was
a
kid,
I’ve
considered
different
job
I
would
like
to
do.
26.
(2019·全国Ⅲ)
I
wish
to
have
a
chain
of
cafes
in
many
different
city.
27.
(2018·全国Ⅰ)
Last
winter
when
I
went
there
again,
they
had
a
big
separate
house
to
raise
dozens
of
chicken.
28.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
After
supper,
we
would
play
card
games
of
all
sort
in
the
sitting
room.
29.
(2018全国II)When
I
was
little,
Friday’s
night
was
our
family
game
night.
30.
(2018全国卷III)
The
instructor
kept
repeating
the
word,
“Speed
up!”
“Slow
down!”
“Turn
left!”
31.
To
everyone’s
surprising,
the
ball
went
into
the
net.
32.
I
did
a
good
job
in
the
end.
It
was
deep
breathing
that
helped
me
out
of
anxious.
33.
Besides,
they
often
get
some
useful
informations
from
the
Internet.
34.
My
uncle
tells
me
that
the
key
to
his
success
is
honest.
35.
The
teenage
year
from
13
to
19
were
the
most
difficult
time
for
me.
36.
I'll
never
forget
the
last
winter
holiday
in
my
hometown.
On
the
way
to
my
grandpa,
my
father
drove
very
carefully
and
slowly
all
the
way,
for
it
was
snowing
heavily.
37.
The
airs
we
breathe
in
is
getting
dirtier
and
dirtier.
38.
Tea
is
the
national
drink
in
China,
but
the
produce
and
consumption
of
tea
is
distinctive
in
different
regions.
39.
If
we
go
on
a
trip
abroad,
we
can
broaden
our
view
and
gain
knowledges
we
cannot
get
from
books.
40.
Every
possible
means
have
been
used
to
prevent
the
air
pollution,
but
none
worked.
【答案与解析】
21.
friend改为friends。根据语境可以判断“求助于朋友们或者同学们”，应用复数形式。
22.
dish改为dishes。按生活常识，刷盘子应该不止一个，故用复数形式。
23.
chopstick改为chopsticks。按生活常识，筷子，袜子，手套等成双成对的名词，常用复数形式。
24.
vacation改为vacations。结合语境summer
vacation应该是单数意义。
25.
job
改为jobs。different暗示后接复数名词。
26.
city改为
cities。different暗示后接复数名词。
27.
chicken改为chickens。dozens
of表示“几十个”，后接复数名词。
28.
sort
改为sorts。card
games
of
all
sorts=
all
sorts
of
card
games。
29.
Friday’s改为
Friday。表示时间的名词可以直接作定语。
30.
word
改为words。根据后边的“Speed
up!”
“Slow
down!”
“Turn
left!”得知教练的话不止一句，故用复数。
31.
surprising
改为surprise。
to
one’s
surprise表示“令某人吃惊的是”。
32.
anxious改为anxiety。句意：是深呼吸帮助我摆脱了焦虑。短语help
sb
out
of
sth，介词of后接名词。
33.
informations
改为information。information是不可数名词，五复数形式。
34.
honest
改为honesty。本句意为：我的叔叔告诉我他成功的秘诀是诚信。根据语境暗示应用名词作表语。
35.
year
改为years。根据主谓一致原则和from
13
to
19得知名词应用复数形式。
36.
grandpa改为grandpa’s。句意：在去爷爷家路上，我爸爸一路上开车非常小心且缓慢，因为下着大雪。结合句意可知，此处表示“爷爷的家”，应用grandpa’s。
37.
airs改为
air。air表示“空气”时，是不可数名词，无复数形式。
38.
produce改为
production。Produce用作名词表示“农产品”，而production表示“生产（过程）”。
39.
knowledges改为
knowledge。knowledge表示“知识”时，是不可数名词，无复数形式。
40.
have改为has。means单复数同形，这里应根据限定词every判断主语应用单数形式。
【小题狂练三】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Two
41
(month)
ago,
three
42
(hero)
caught
four
43
(thief).They
made
them
plant
some
44
(potato)
and
45
(bamboo)
in
two
46
(zoo).They
also
made
their
47
(wife)
return
the
four
big
48
(box)
with
some
precious
49
(photo)
and
50
(brush)
in
them.
【答案】
41.
months
42.
heroes
43.
thieves
44.
potatoes
45.
bamboos
46.
zoos
47.
wives
48.
boxes
49.
photos
50.
brushes
【小题狂练四】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Two
51
(editor-in-chief),
three
52
(man
teacher)
and
five
53
(woman
doctor),
together
with
their
54
(child),
went
to
the
market.
They
decided
to
buy
two
55
(sheep),
three
56
(deer),
four
57
(ox),
five
58
(goose)
and
six
white
59
(mouse)
with
six
60
(tooth).
【答案】
51.
editors-in-chief
52.
men
teachers
53.
women
doctors
54.
children
55.
sheep
56.
deer
57.
oxen
58.
geese
59.
mice
60.
teeth
【小题狂练五】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
high
school
history
teacher
once
told
us,
“If
you
make
one
close
friend
in
school,
you
will
be
most
lucky.
61
true
friend
is
someone
who
stays
with
you
for
life.”
Experience
shows
that
he
was
right.
Good
62
(friend)
are
just
not
easily
formed.
To
most
of
us，friendships
are
thought
very
important，but
we
need
to
have
the
kinds
of
friendships
we
want.
Are
they
to
be
close
or
kept
at
arm's
63
(long)?
Do
we
want
to
share
ourselves
or
do
we
want
to
walk
on
the
surface?
For
some
people,
many
friendships
on
the
surface
are
quite
enough
and
that's
all
right.
But
at
some
point
we
need
to
make
sure
that
our
expectations
are
the
same
as
our
64
(friend)
expectations.
The
sharing
of
65
(person)
experience
is
the
surest
way
66
(deepen)
friendships.
But
it
must
be
undertaken
slowly
and
carried
on
only
if
there
are
signs
of
interest
and
action
in
return.
What
are
some
of
the
difficulties
to
friendship？
The
greatest
is
the
attraction
to
expect
too
much
too
soon.
Deep
relationships
take
time.
67
main
difficulty
is
the
68
(selfish)
to
think
one
“owns”
the
other,
including
his
time
and
attention.
Similarly，friendships
need
actions
in
return.
In
other
words，you
must
give
as
much
as
you
take.
Finally
there
is
a
question
of
taking
care
of
each
other.
69
you
spend
reasonable
time
together,
talking
on
the
phone,
writing
70
(letter)
or
doing
things
together,
friendships
will
die
away.
【答案与解析】
61.
A
62.
friendships
63.
length
64.
friends'
65.
personal
66.
to
deepen
67.
Another
68.
selfishness
69.
Unless
70.
letters
本文主要讲如何加深友谊(how
to
deepen
friendships)。
61.
A。在单数可数名词friend前可能是冠词、名词的所有格、形容词性物主代词或不定代词；由语境可知，此处指类别，泛指“一个”真正的朋友，故填不定冠词A。
62.
friendships。在句中作主语，用名词形式；又根据谓语动词are
formed是复数，可知作主语的名词要用复数；再根据搭配，不容易形成的应当是“友谊”，而不是“朋友”，故填friendships。
63.
length。在名词所有格后，要用名词形式。keep
sb
at
arm'
s
length意为“不使自己太接近某人；与某人保持距离(not
allow
oneself
to
become
too
friendly
with
sb)”。
64.
friends'。在名词前作定语，要用其形容词形式或者名词的所有格；根据语境，应当指“我们的朋友的”，应当用复数形式的所有格，故填friends'。
65.
personal。在名词前作定语，用形容词形式。
66.
to
deepen。在way后用不定式作定语。
67.
Another。在名词前作定语，没有提示的语法填空题，只可能是填冠词、介词、连词或代词；再根据前面的the
greatest
(difficulty)和后面的Finally可知，此处是指多者中的“另一个”，故填another。
68.
selfishness。在冠词后，要用名词。
69.
Unless。因有you
spend...和friendships
will
die
away两个句子，且两句之间没有关联词，此处一定是填关联词；由两句的谓语动词的时态可判断，应填引导条件或时间状语从句的从属连词；根据两句的逻辑关系，应填unless引导条件状语从句。
70.
letters。名词作宾语。因为是可数名词，且没有限定词，故用复数。
