2022届高考英语二轮复习：完形填空解题技巧讲解及练习（含答案）

完形填空解题技巧
?
?文章主题和行文逻辑
完型填空文章是一种“主线控制文，逻辑串联前后”的文章。因此，掌握了文章主题就像找到了房门的钥匙，主要内容一目了然。根据完型填空总分结构的特点，通常来说，主题句在首段首句。所以，首段首句以及段首句是各位考生要了解的重点。那么利用文章主题解题就是要时刻怀揣着主题，看哪个选项符合主题的要求。
例如：It
turns
out
that
the
peculiar
way
of
conduction
the
experiments
may
have
led
to
___
interpretations
of
what
happened.
(2010)
[A]disputable
[B]enlightening
[C]reliable
[D]misleading
本篇短文第一段、第二段首先介绍“霍桑效应”产生的背景及具体的推导过程。第三段开始提出文章主题，即介绍几十年后对“霍桑效应”提出的质疑。本句指出对实验数据进行重新研究的发现。既然文章主题是“质疑”原来的实验结果，空格处应该填入表示贬义的形容词，所以排除BC.
misleading
带入后表示“原来实验的特殊方式可能导致对发生的实验现象的错误性解释”符合原文主题，所以是正确答案。
?上下文和逻辑关系
知识运用试题的测试重点已经从过去考查孤立的语言知识点转向从鱼片的角度综合测试考生对文章的理解能力。因此，这一技巧在解题中显得尤为重要。
例1
In
fact,
instead
of
straining
muscles
to
build
them,
as
exercise
does,
laughter
apparently
accomplishes
the
_____.
[A]opposite
[B]impossible
[C]average
[D]expected
解析：我们看在这句话是将运动和笑对肌肉的效果进行对比。本句中“instead
of
…as
exercise
does”可知，两者效果相反，所以本题应该填入[A]opposite表示“相反的，截然不同的”。
例2
As
a
kid
I
loved
everything
about
school.
I
loved
books,
___1___,
tests
and
homework.
Most
of
all
I
longed
to
someday
march
down
the
aisle（通道）to
receive
my
___
2___.
That
seemed
more
appealing
even
than
getting
married.
But
at
15,
I
had
to
___3___,
because
my
parents
___4___
afford
tuition.
My
hope
of
getting
a
diploma
was
dead.
1.
A.
parents
B.
teachers
C.
trees
D.
flowers
解析：上文决定下文，由上文中的I
love
school，决定后文应该填B，teachers。
固定搭配
固定搭配主要是指动词与介词、副词，名词、形容词后接介词，介词与名词构成的搭配。只需要广大考生在背诵单词的时候要掌握其常考搭配。
例1
In
a
significant
tightening
of
legal
controls
over
the
press,
Lord
Irvine,
the
Lord
Chancellor,
will
introduce
a
___
bill
that
will
propose
making
payment
to
witnesses
illegal.
(2001)
A.
sketch
B.
rough
C.
preliminary
D.
draft
解析：draft
常用于法律术语中，draft
bill
意为草案，法案的意思，是习惯搭配。因此，D为正确答案。由此看见，本题并不难，关键在于我们是不是对这个短语了解。所以，需要同学们平时在常用搭配方面多些努力。
词义辨析
例1
The
technique
Mootee
uses
to
treat
people
with
OCD
is
called
cognitive-behavioral
therapy(认知行为疗法).
“It
is
based
on
the
general
idea
that
people
have
the
ability
to
change
the
___45___
they
think
and
behave,”says
Mootee.
45.A.way
B.method
C.solution
D.means
解析:
考查同义词的辨析。分析句子结构可知,此空后为一定语从句,此空是先行词。way作先行词时,定语从句的引导词可以省略或用inwhich或者that此处的定语从句中省略了引导词。再由空格后的behave可知,此处应用way。选A。
例2
Given
the
right
tools,
we
can
train
our
brains
to
act
like
what
they
did
when
we
were
younger.
All
that’s
___50___
is
the
practice
designed
just
for
the
purpose:
a
few
exercises
for
the
mind.
50.A.required
B.inquired
C.acquired
D.requested
解析：考查形近词辨析。acquire
获得;inquire
询问,打听;request
请求,要求;require需要。“that’s
”是定语从句修饰all。根据句意可知,required
合适,意为“所需要，所要求”的就是为了这个目的而设计的练习”。选A。
生活常识及文化背景
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识。有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确解题。
例1
I
said
that
I
didn't
know
how
to
get
back
into
town.
In
silence
he
started
driving.
I
ran
back
to
my
car
and
drove
behind
him.
Finally
I
recognized
a
familiar
street.
As
I
turned
to
head
home,
the
car
disappeared.
Then
I___my
driveway
when
the
warning
light
for
my
gas
tank
turned
on.
A.pulled
into
B.drove
away
C.
ran
acrossD.fountout
解析：影响这个题目正确作答的关键是对空后面的driveway的含义的理解driveay指的是the
hard
area
or
road
between
y：our
house
and
the
street，(美)(从建筑物、车库等通至道路的)私用车道车道((英)drive)。而中国家庭大多数是不存在这样的一个driveway的。本句意思是当邮箱的耗油警示灯亮起的时候，我也到家了，所以选pull
into.正确答案为A
例2
Salina
Joe
began
to__when
she
was
one-year
old
A.say
B.cry
C.sing
D.talk
解析：根据常识判断婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，
故正确答案为D。
当堂练习
练习1
It
started
30
years
ago
with
a
squirrel.
A
few
months
after
I
had
moved
into
a
downtown_1_
my
next-door
neighbor,
Nicole
Figaro,
knocked,
asking
for
help
with
a
squirrel
that
had
gotten
into
her
fat
I
frightened
the
unexpected
_2_
away
and
made
a
new
friend.
Soon
Nicole
was
inviting
me
over
fordinneror_3__home-made
food
at
my
door.
When
I
went
to
my
beach
house,
Nicole
helped__4_my
mail
and
water
my
plants.
And
when
she
traveled
as
a
flight
attendant,
I
did
the
same
for
her.
Wherever
she
went,
she'd_5_to
bring
me
wonderful
gifts,
but
her
smile
has
been
the
greatest
of
all.
In
1997,
I
had
a
lovely
child
and
it
was
Nicole
who
took
care
of
me
and
him.
Years
later,
I
returned
the
favour.
I
helped
out
when
her
husband
was
sick,
_6_
her
and
giving
her
support.
,
More
and
more,
we
drew
inspiration
from
each
other.
_7_,
the
pandemic
hit.
My
husband
was
out
of
work
and
my
son
couldn't
be
back
to
Britain
because
of
the
virus.
I
was
_8_
about
them.
Nicole
helped
my
family
to
prepare
for
the
pandemic
and
shared
necessities
with
me.
Without
her,
I
couldn't
go
through
9_times.
A
10
might
separate
our
flats
and
masks
can
separate
the
viruses,
but
nothing
is
able
to
separate
our
hearts.
1.
A.
house
B.
flat
C.
street
D.
area
2.
A.
customer
B.
host
C.
guest
D.
enemy
3.
A.
selling
B.
making
C.
posting
D.
leaving
4.
A.
look
for
B.
copy
down
C.
pick
up
D.
hold
out
5.
A.
forget
B.
keep
C.
think
D.
remember
6.
A.
helping
out
B.
staying
with
C.
smiling
at
D.
depending
on
7.
A.
Especially
B.
Actually
C.
Generally
D.
Unluckily
8.
A.
worried
B.
mad
C.
nervous
D.
serious
9.
A.
exciting
B.
simple
C.
difficult
D.
good
10.
A.
room
B.
wall
C.
yard
D.
garden
练习2
“Look
Mom,he
paints
like
me!”
Eight-year-old
Alexandra
Nechita
had
just
discovered
Pablo
Picasso’s
artwork
for
the
first
time.The
art
world
　1　
and
began
to
call
Alexandra
the
“Petite(小的)
Picasso”.
This
talented
artist
has
been
turning
heads
in
the
art
world
ever
since.?
Even
at
age
two,
Alexandra
　2　
nearly
all
her
time
on
her
coloring
books.　3　
their
daughter
spent
too
much
time
alone,Alexandra’s
parents
took
her
colouring
books
away.
They
　4　
she’
d
start
to
jump
rope
or
play
with
dolls.
But
taking
away
her
colors
was
like
taking
the
air
out
of
her
life.
Alexandra
began
to
color
on
paper
her
mother
　5　
home
from
office.?
When
Alexandra
was
four,her
parents
began
to
notice
the
figures
she
　6　.They
were
abstract
and
　7　
Picasso’s
work,
with
four
eyes
and
two
faces.
She
　8　
painting
with
watercolours
and
then
with
other
paints.?
Alexandra’s
classmates
would
sometimes
laugh
at
her
paintings.
But
her
　9　
school
teacher
saw
talent
in
her
drawings.
She
helped
eight-year-old
Alexandra
organise
her
first
　10　
at
a
local
library.?
Within
a
year,
Alexandra
had
several
other
exhibitions.
By
then,
she
had
　11　
more
than
250
paintings.
Her
exhibition
at
the
famous
Mary
Paxon
Gallery
brought
her
to
the
attention
of
national
art
critics(评论家).She
began
to
　12　
on
television,
In
news
and
talk
shows
around
America.?
Today,
Alexandra
　13　
paints
in
her
special
style.
Admirers
have
spent
a
large
amount
of
money
buying
her
paintings.
But
the
　14　
doesn’t
seem
to
have
affected
her
negatively
(消极地).Through
various
charities,
Alexandra
shares
her
wealth
with
those
　15　
around
the
world.
And
as
Alexandra
continues
to
paint,
the
world
will
be
blessed
to
experience
more
of
her
love
for
life
and
art.?
1.A.improved
B.agreed
C.waited
D
.broke
2.A.spent
B.forgot
C.remembered
D.wasted
3.A.Afraid
B.
Sure
C.
Proud
D.Ashamed
4.A.promised
B.
proved
C.reported
D.hoped
5.A.called
B.drove
C.brought
D.
sent
6.A.drew
B.counted
C.explained
D.met
7.A.referred
to
B.looked
like
C.consisted
of
D.depended
on
8.A.stopped
B.started
C.suggested
D.avoided
9.A.medical
B.high
C.primary
D.previous
10.A.conference
B.system
C.party
D.exhibition
11.A.completed
B.used
C.copied
D.lost
12.A.appear
B.perform
C.shop
D.train
13.A.directly
B.suddenly
C.still
D.seldom
14.A.style
B.time
C.
energy
D.
money
15.A.on
holiday
B.in
power
C.
on
duty
D.in
need
练习3
Each
of
us
has
goals
(目标)
for
life.
Some
of
these
may
be
long-term
(长期的)
or
?41
?lifetime
ones,
and
other
dreams
or
wishes
for
more
immediate
satisfaction.
Just
as
you
?42
?great
pleasure
when
you’re
trying
to
?43
?short-term
goals,
there’s
also
power
in
having
long-term
and
lifetime
goals.
Both
?44
?are
valuable
and
serve
each
other.
In
order
to
be
?45
?in
achieving
a
short-
or
long-term
wish
or
goal,
you
must
place
your
focus
on
the
?46
?result
and
train
your
mind
on
either
a
moment-to-moment,
day-to-day,
month-to-month,
or
year-to-year
level.
For
example,
?47
?a
farmer
is
to
plow
(耕地)
a
straight
line,
he
must
keep
his
eye
on
a
faraway
point.
If
his
attention
is
?48
?just
a
few
feet
in
front
of
him,
he
will
not
plow
straight.
So,
in
order
for
his
field
to
be
plowed
straight,
he
must
?49
?and
focus
on
his
long-term
goal.
Focusing
on
a
long-term
goal
can
?50
?the
energy
to
get
things
done
in
the
?51
.
For
instance,
when
a
runner
sets
a(n)
?52
?to
run
a
mile,
he’ll
?53
?be
tired
when
he
?54
?the
one-mile
mark.
?55
?if
this
same
runner
sets
a
goal
to
run
ten
miles,
he
probably
won’t
even
be
sweating
(出汗)
upon
?56
?this
same
one-mile
mark.
If
this
very
same
runner
was
to
set
a
goal
to
run
26
miles
and
keep
his
mind
on
the
completion
of
this
long
?57
,
not
only
wouldn’t
he
be
sweating,
but
most
likely
he
wouldn’t
even
be
out
of
breath
as
he
ran
by
the
?58
?mark.
Long-term
goals,
?59
,
can’t
be
achieved
without
first
achieving
?60
?goals.
We
may
have
a
goal
to
climb
a
ladder
(梯子),
but
we
have
to
take
one
step
at
a
time
in
order
to
reach
the
top.
1.
A.
even????
??????????
B.
just????
C.
also??????????
?????????????
D.
rather
2.
A.
understand????????
B.
experience????????
C.
explain????????????????????
D.
welcome
3.
A.
set???????
?????????????
B.
keep???
C.
prevent?????
?????????????
D.
achieve
4.
A.
terms?????????????????
B.
dreams??????
C.
types???????????????
??????
D.
thoughts
5.
A.
successful??????????
B.
special?????????
C.
interested?????????
??????
D.
different
6.
A.
important???????????
B.
certain??????????????
C.
final??????????
??????
??????
D.
happy
7.
A.
if?????????
?????????????
B.
when?
C.
although????
?????????????
D.
because
8.
A.
received?????????????
B.
attracted????
C.
directed???????????????????
D.
paid
9.
A.
correct
?????????????
B.
forget?
C.
believe??????
?????????????
D.
know
10.
A.
choose???????????????
B.
influence???
C.
report??????????????
??????
D.
provide
11.
A.
dark??????????????????
B.
present??????
C.
end??????????????????
??????
D.
future
12.
A.
date?????
?????????????
B.
story??
C.
goal??????????
?????????????
D.
example
13.
A.
probably????????????
B.
personally??
C.
partly???????????????
??????D.
quietly
14.
A.
remembers?????????
B.
reaches?????
C.
discovers?????????
??????
D.
records
15.
A.
And?????
?????????????
B.
But????
C.
So????????????
?????????????
D.
Or
16.
A.
waiting
for?????????
B.
searching
for????
C.
preparing??????????
??????D.
passing
17.
A.
race?????
?????????????
B.
game??
C.
drive?????????
?????????????
D.
flight
18.
A.
twenty-six-mile???
B.
thirteen-mile????
C.
ten-mile??????????????????D.
one-mile
19.
A.
however????????????
B.
besides
C.
instead
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
D.
therefore
20.
A.
lifetime??????????????
B.
short-term?
C.
common??????????
??????
D.
big?
【答案】
练习1
1-5
BCDCD
6-10
BDACB
练习2
1-5BAADC
6-10ABBCD
11-15AACDD
练习3
1-5
ABDCA
6-10
CACDD
11-15
BCABB
16-20.
DADAB