Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors名词性从句练习题
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| 名称 | Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors名词性从句练习题 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2012-07-17 22:03:52 | ||
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名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词
可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom ,whomever, whose, whichever
连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
一. 主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句的用法: 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 例如：
That he will come here on Wednesday is certain. 他星期三来这里是肯定的。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Where the English evening will be held has not been told. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有告知。
一些常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
（4）Whom the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
（7）What we need is time.
（8）What we need are good doctors.
（9）whoever breaks the rule will be punished.
(10) It is very clear that the boy was seriously ill.
形式主语 真正的主语
2、有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把真正的主语（即主语从句）置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 名词有（no wander, an honor, a pity, a fact, a shame, good news, a good thing, etc ）
（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 形容词有（obvious, true, natural, good, wonderful, funny, no surprising, possible, certain, likely, fortunate, doubtful, etc）
（3）It + be + V-过去分词 + that从句 过去分词有（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, believed, etc）
（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 不及物动词有（seem, appear, happen, etc）
例如：
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have accepted this silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
(14) It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(15) It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：如4、5、6、11
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that + sb (should) do…
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that+ sb (should) do…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that+ sb (should) do…
3. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则无实义。
二、宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
I find (that) he is dishonest and that he often tell lies.
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. (主从)
The question is whether she should finish it on time (表从)
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （宾从）
I wonder whether he will come or not. （宾从）
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay （宾从）
4. 在宾语从句中，时态要一致：
1）若主句是现在时态（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据需要用在何时态。
【例】 he is having supper now.
he saw the film yesterday.
he will go to Shanghai next week.
I think that he was watching TV at 7:00 last night.
he often goes to work by bus.
he has read the magazine before.
2）若主句为过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），从句也要用相应的过去时。但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时，不受时态要一致的规则限制。
【例】1.He said he will come to see me next week.(false)
He said he would come to see me next week.(true)
He said he has been there.(false)
He said he had been there.(true) 他说他曾经在这。
2. the earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
5. 宾语从句中的否定转移
注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。
例如： 我认为他不会来这里. I think he won’t come here. (false)
I don’t think he will come here. (true)
我认为他不会对我撒谎的. I don’t think he will lie to me.
我认为我们不应该借钱给他. I don’t think we should lend him money.
我相信他不会这样做。 I don’t believe he will do so.
6.动词的宾语从句
1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 2) 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win. I have found out that all the tickets have been sold out.
He told us that they would help us. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip
3)动词短语也可以带宾语从句. 常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
注意：可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the park.. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
7.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how she escaped from the prison.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
8.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
9.在宾语从句中应注意句型：
what is the matter with him.(true)
I don't know what's wrong with him.(true)
what wrong is with him.(false)
what the matter is with him.(false)
三、表语从句
1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。(表语从句一定要用陈述语序)
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
四、同位语从句
1、同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句。同位语从句是用来说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有fact，news，idea, truth , question，hope，promise，suggestion，thought，order，problem，belief，doubt，fear，possibility等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
定语从句：用来修饰其前面的名词，关系词、代词、名词在句中作成分；
同位语从句：用来说明其前面的名词的内容，引导词在从句中不作成分。
试比较下面两个例句:
1.The news (that/which) I heard is true.(定语从句)
The news that our team won the game is true.(同位语从句)
2.The suggestion that he put forward was turned down.
He put forward the suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
五、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。
7. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案B, C均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
8. —I think it is going to be a big problem. —Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
专项考点练习
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys:1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词
可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom ,whomever, whose, whichever
连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
一. 主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句的用法: 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 例如：
That he will come here on Wednesday is certain. 他星期三来这里是肯定的。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Where the English evening will be held has not been told. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有告知。
一些常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
（4）Whom the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
（7）What we need is time.
（8）What we need are good doctors.
（9）whoever breaks the rule will be punished.
(10) It is very clear that the boy was seriously ill.
形式主语 真正的主语
2、有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把真正的主语（即主语从句）置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 名词有（no wander, an honor, a pity, a fact, a shame, good news, a good thing, etc ）
（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 形容词有（obvious, true, natural, good, wonderful, funny, no surprising, possible, certain, likely, fortunate, doubtful, etc）
（3）It + be + V-过去分词 + that从句 过去分词有（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, believed, etc）
（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 不及物动词有（seem, appear, happen, etc）
例如：
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have accepted this silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
(14) It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(15) It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：如4、5、6、11
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that + sb (should) do…
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that+ sb (should) do…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that+ sb (should) do…
3. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则无实义。
二、宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
I find (that) he is dishonest and that he often tell lies.
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. (主从)
The question is whether she should finish it on time (表从)
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （宾从）
I wonder whether he will come or not. （宾从）
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay （宾从）
4. 在宾语从句中，时态要一致：
1）若主句是现在时态（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据需要用在何时态。
【例】 he is having supper now.
he saw the film yesterday.
he will go to Shanghai next week.
I think that he was watching TV at 7:00 last night.
he often goes to work by bus.
he has read the magazine before.
2）若主句为过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），从句也要用相应的过去时。但客观真理、科学原理、格言等永远用一般现在时，不受时态要一致的规则限制。
【例】1.He said he will come to see me next week.(false)
He said he would come to see me next week.(true)
He said he has been there.(false)
He said he had been there.(true) 他说他曾经在这。
2. the earth goes round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
5. 宾语从句中的否定转移
注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。
例如： 我认为他不会来这里. I think he won’t come here. (false)
I don’t think he will come here. (true)
我认为他不会对我撒谎的. I don’t think he will lie to me.
我认为我们不应该借钱给他. I don’t think we should lend him money.
我相信他不会这样做。 I don’t believe he will do so.
6.动词的宾语从句
1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 2) 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win. I have found out that all the tickets have been sold out.
He told us that they would help us. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip
3)动词短语也可以带宾语从句. 常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
注意：可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the park.. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
7.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how she escaped from the prison.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
8.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure, certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
9.在宾语从句中应注意句型：
what is the matter with him.(true)
I don't know what's wrong with him.(true)
what wrong is with him.(false)
what the matter is with him.(false)
三、表语从句
1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。(表语从句一定要用陈述语序)
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
四、同位语从句
1、同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句。同位语从句是用来说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有fact，news，idea, truth , question，hope，promise，suggestion，thought，order，problem，belief，doubt，fear，possibility等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
定语从句：用来修饰其前面的名词，关系词、代词、名词在句中作成分；
同位语从句：用来说明其前面的名词的内容，引导词在从句中不作成分。
试比较下面两个例句:
1.The news (that/which) I heard is true.(定语从句)
The news that our team won the game is true.(同位语从句)
2.The suggestion that he put forward was turned down.
He put forward the suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
五、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995) A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）
A．how B．after C．what D．when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案：D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是：无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”，与题意不符，如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
6. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。
7. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D．what，而答案B, C均与题意不符，所以应选A．when。本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
8. —I think it is going to be a big problem. —Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
专项考点练习
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off
18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys:1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B