独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式
1、逻辑主语+V-ing
这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：
1)
Silver
is
the
best
conductor
of
electricity,
copper
following
it
closely.
2)
Weather
permitting,
they
decided
to
go
for
an
outing.
3)
There
being
no
buses,
we
had
to
walk
home
after
work
yesterday.
4)
The
thief
fell
to
the
ground,
his
left
foot
broken
and
blood
running
down
from
his
mouth.
5)
Time
permitting,
we
could
have
done
it
better.
6)
It
being
noisy,
she
couldn’t
make
herself
heard
clearly.
7)
The
thieves
ran
away
separately,
each
carrying
a
bag.
【随堂练习1】
1.
__________no
bus,
we
had
to
walk
home.
A.
There
being
B.
Being
C.
Having
been
D.
There
was
2.
_______no
bus,
we
had
to
walk
home.
A.
As
there
being
B.
As
there
was
C.
Being
D.
There
was
3.
_______Sunday,
the
library
doesn't
open.
A.
Being
B.
There
being
C.
It
being
D.
Having
been
4.
______Sunday,
the
library
doesn't
open.
A.
As
it
being
B.
Being
C.
It
is
D.
As
it
is
【随堂练习1】:
ABCD
2、逻辑主语+V-ed
该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：
1)
His
eyes
still
fixed
on
the
map,
he
did
some
serious
thinking.
2)
The
job
finished,
we
went
home
straight
away.
3)
The
actress
looked
pure
and
fresh,
dressed
in
a
white
shirt
and
army
trousers.
【随堂练习2】
1.
_________,
the
train
started.
A.
The
signal
given
B.
Giving
the
signal
C.
The
signal
being
given
D.
The
signal
giving
2.
__________,
the
train
started.
A.
After
having
given
the
signal
B.
After
the
signal
given
C.
Giving
the
signal
D.
After
the
signal
was
given
3.
_________,
the
text
became
easier
for
us
to
learn.
A.
Explaining
new
words
B.
New
words
explained
C.
Being
explained
new
words
D.
Having
explained
new
words
4.
______________,
the
text
became
easier
for
us
to
learn.
A.
When
new
words
were
explained
B.
Explaining
new
words
C.
New
words
explaining
D.
Being
explained
new
words
【随堂练习2】:
ADBA
3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）
该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：
(1).
He
entered
the
room,
his
nose
red
with
cold.
(2).
He
sat
in
the
front
row,
his
mouth
half
open.
(3).
Dinner
over,
we
decided
to
play
bridge.
(4).
Father
away,
he
played
games
with
his
friends.
【随堂练习3】
1.
___________,
the
patient
can
leave
the
hospital.
A.
Better
conditions
B.
Conditions
better
C.
Conditions
are
better
D.
Being
better
conditions
2.
_________,
the
patient
can
leave
the
hospital.
A.
If
better
conditions
B.
If
conditions
better
C.
If
conditions
are
better
D.
Being
better
conditions
3.
________,
we’d
like
to
go
outing.
A.
Being
Sunday
B.
Sunday
OK
C.
Sunday
is
OK
D.
If
Sunday
OK
4.
___________,
we’d
like
to
go
outing.
A.
If
Sunday
is
OK
B.
Sunday
being
OK
C.
Sunday
OK
D.
A,B
and
C
5.
_________,
you
can
wait
a
while.
A.
The
play
being
still
on
B.
The
play
still
on
C.
Being
still
on
the
play
D.
A
and
B
6.
_________,
so
you
can
wait
a
while
A.
The
play
is
still
on
B.
The
play
being
still
on
C.
As
the
play
is
still
on
D.
The
play
still
on
【随堂练习3】:
BCBDDA
4、逻辑主语+介词短语
该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：
1).
Book
in
hand,
Mr
Smith
came
in.
2).
Gun
on
shoulder,
the
soldiers
are
marching
on.
【随堂练习4】
1.
The
boy
followed
the
nobleman
here,
___________.
A.
a
sword
in
hand
B.
a
sword
in
his
hand
C.
being
a
sword
in
hand
D.
sword
in
hand
2.
The
boy
followed
the
nobleman
here
___________.
A.
with
a
sword
in
his
hand
B.
with
a
sword
in
hand
C.
with
a
sword
being
in
hand
D.
a
sword
being
in
hand
3.
He
left
the
office,
__________.
A.
tears
being
in
eyes
B.
tears
in
eyes
C.
being
tears
in
eyes
D.
with
tears
being
in
eyes
4.
He
left
the
office
__________.
A.
with
tears
being
in
eyes
B.
with
tears
in
his
eyes
C.
being
tears
in
eyes
D.
tears
being
in
eyes
【随堂练习4】:
DABB
5、逻辑主语+名词
(1).
A
team
of
15
Indian
experts
are
organizing
a
workforce
of
400
Cambodians,
most
of
them
(
being
)
women.
独立主格结构
,
and
most
of
them
are
women.
并列句
;
most
of
them
are
women.
并列句
,
most
of
whom
are
women.
定语从句
(2).
The
doctor
has
two
daughters,
one
a
nurse,
the
other
an
engineer.
二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：
1、原因状语
该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
1).
________
no
bus,
we
had
to
walk
home.
A.
There
being
B.
As
there
was
C.
There
was
D.
A
and
B
2).
_________Sunday,
the
library
doesn't
open.
A.
It
being
B.
As
it
is
C.
Being
D.
A
and
B
3).
____________,
I
had
to
ask
for
two
days’
leave.
A.
Mother
being
ill
B.
Mother
ill
C.
As
mother
was
ill
D.
A,B
and
C
4).
____________,
we
have
to
work
late
into
the
night.
A.
The
exam
near
B.
The
exam
being
near
C.
As
the
exam
is
near
D.
A,B
and
C
【答案】DDDD
2、时间状语
独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when,
as
soon
as,
after等引导的时间状语从句。如：
1).
__________,
the
train
started.
A.
The
signal
given
B.
After
the
signal
was
given
C.
Given
the
signal
D.
A
and
B
2).
__________,
the
text
became
easier
for
us
to
learn.
A.
New
words
explained
B.
When
new
words
were
explained
C.
When
teacher
explained
new
words
D.
all
above
【答案】DD
3、条件状语
独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。如：
1).
___________,
we'll
go
to
visit
the
Great
Wall.
A.
Weather
permitting
B.
If
weather
permits
C.
If
permitting
D.
A
and
B
2).
_________,
the
patient
will
recover
himself
soon.
A.
If
the
treatment
is
in
time
B.
The
treatment
in
time
C.
The
treatment
being
in
time
D.
A,B
and
C
【答案】DD
4、伴随状语
独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：
1).
We
have
lessons
every
day,
___________.
A.
Sunday
included
B.
Sunday
including
C.
Sunday
is
including
D.
all
the
above
2).
The
boy
fell
asleep,___________.
A.
cap
on
head
B.
with
a
cap
on
head
C.
a
cap
was
on
head
D.
all
the
above
3).
Father
came
home,_________
A.
a
dog
following
him
B.
a
dog
followed
him
C.
being
followed
by
a
dog
D.
all
the
above
【答案】AAAWith的复合结构归纳
一、“with复合结构”的构成
①
形容词/副词
He
often
sleeps
with
the
windows
open.
他常常开着窗子睡觉
With
+名词+
②
名词（短语
）
表
She
is
a
girl
with
long
hair.
状
她是一个长头发的女孩
态
③
介词（短语）
The
teacher
came
in
with
a
book
in
his
hand.
老师进来了，手里拿着本书
④
现在分词（短语）--------表示主动、进行
With
the
machine
helping
us,
we
could
finish
the
work
on
time.
由于有机器的帮助，我们能按时完成任务
⑤
过在分词（短语）--------表示被动、完成
With
everything
done,
she
went
home.
做完一切事情以后，她回家了
⑥
不定式短语
-------表示要做的事情
I
can’t
go
out,
with
these
clothes
to
wash.
还有这些衣服要洗，我不能出去
二、With复合结构的作用
(1)
作定语
The
city
lies
in
a
valley
with
high
mountains
around
it.
这个城市位于一个由高山环抱的山谷中
试翻译：抱着小孩的那位妇女是汤姆的姑姑
__________________________________________
【答案】The
woman
with
a
baby
in
her
arms
is
Tom’s
aunt.
=
The
woman
who
has
a
baby
in
her
arms
is
Tom’s
aunt
(2)
作状语（也可转变成状语从句或并列句）
①
时间状语
With
winter
coming
on,
the
trees
turn
yellow
and
some
birds
fly
south.
随着冬天的到来，树叶变成黄色，一些鸟儿飞去南方
→=
When
winter
comes
on,
the
trees
turn
yellow
and
some
birds
fly
south.
②
原因状语
With
the
key
lost,
she
could
not
enter
the
room.
钥匙丢了，她不能进入房间
→=
As/Because
the
key
had
been
lost,
she
couldn’t
enter
the
room.
③
作条件状语
With
time
permitting,
we`ll
visit
the
museum.
时间允许的话，我们将会游览博物馆
→=
If
time
permits,
we`ll
visit
the
museum.
④
伴随状语
The
children
came
running
towards
us
with
some
flowers
in
their
hands.
孩子们手里拿着花，跑向我们。
→=The
children
came
running
towards
us
and
held
some
flowers
in
their
hands
⑤
结果状语
The
battle
ended
with
the
enemy
defeated.
战争以敌人的失败告终
→=The
battle
ended,
causing
the
defeat
of
the
enemy.
Exercise:
把下列句子改成同义句
1.
Because
I
have
a
lot
of
homework
to
do
,
I
can’t
go
to
bed
early.
______________________________________________________
2.
The
woman
who
wears
a
necklace
around
her
neck
must
be
very
wealthy.
______________________________________________________
3.
After
he
had
his
bike
repaired,
he
rode
on.
______________________________________________________
4.
A
terrible
earthquake
hit
Wenchuan
on
May
12,
2008,
causing
the
destruction
of
a
number
of
buildings.
______________________________________________________
5.
The
teacher
came
in,
carrying
a
cup
in
her
hand.
______________________________________________________
课堂练习
一、选择题
1.
With
the
boy
_____
us
the
way,
we
got
there
easily.
A.
showed
B.
showing
C.
to
show
D.
show
2.
With
everything
______,
she
made
her
way
home.
A.
done
B.
being
done
C.
to
do
D.
doing
3.
With
Mr.
Frank
_______us,
I’m
sure
we
will
succeed.
A.
help
B.
helped
C.
to
help
D.
helps
4.
I
can
hardly
get
asleep
______
the
noise
outside
so
loud.
A.
as
B.
for
C.
with
D.
because
of
5.
______
his
leg
broken,
he
couldn’t
come
to
school
as
usual.
A.
Because
B.
Because
of
C.
With
D.
For
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
1.
The
dog
is
waiting
for
its
owner
quietly,
_______________________
（它的大嘴张开着）
2.
__________________________（很多作业要做），
the
girl
goes
to
bed
very
late
every
night.
3.
She
felt
upset,
________________________（眼泪流下来）
4.
The
young
man
is
shooting
at
a
dog,
_______________________
（手里拿着枪）
5.
He
was
taken
to
hospital,
___________________.(
腿在流血)(bleed).
6.
The
fellow
stood
there,
_______________________________.
(双手交叉在背后)
(cross)
7.
Don’t
talk
__________________________.(嘴里满满的)
8.
________________________(电视机还开着),
the
old
man
fell
asleep.
9.___________________(新学期马上要开始),
we’ll
be
very
busy
again.
10.
_______________________(老师站在旁边)，she
felt
a
little
nervous.
11.
_______________________________(工作完成了)，he
felt
relieved.
12.
_________________________(理了头发)，he
looks
much
younger.
13.
_______________________(没事可做)，she
had
to
go
to
bed.
14.
He
died
___________________________(他的女儿还是个学生).
15.
He
lay
on
his
back,
______________________(眼睛闭着).
三、改错题
1.
With
the
man
to
guide
us
ahead,
we
had
no
trouble
finding
the
village.
2.
With
a
lot
of
work
done,
she
doesn’t
have
time
to
rest.
3.
With
the
machine
was
working
all
the
time,
we
finished
harvesting
crops
in
time.
4.
The
street
looks
more
beautiful
with
all
the
lights
are
on.
5.
With
our
problem
to
settle,
we
all
felt
happy.
6.
She
left
the
offices
with
tears
being
in
her
eyes.
参考答案
Exercises：1.
With
a
lot
of
homework
to
do,
I
can’t
go
to
bed
early.
2.
The
woman
with
a
necklace
around
her
neck
must
be
very
wealthy.
3.
With
his
bike
repaired
,
he
rode
on.
4.
A
terrible
earthquake
hit
Wenchuan
on
May
12,
2008,
with
a
number
of
buildings
destroyed.
5.
The
teacher
came
in,
with
a
cup
in
her
hand.
选择题：BACCC
完成句子：1.
with
its
big
mouth
open
2.
With
a
lot
of
homework
to
do
3.
with
tears
coming
down
4.
with
a
gun
in
his
hands
5.
with
his
leg
bleeding
6.
with
his
hands
crossed
behind
his
back
7.
with
your
mouth
full
8.
With
the
television
on
9.
With
the
new
term
to
begin
soon
10.
With
teacher
standing
beside
11.
With
the
work
finished
12.
With
his
hair
cut
13.
With
nothing
to
do
14.
with
his
daughter
a
student
15.
with
his
eyes
closed
改错题：1.
to
guide
→
guiding
2.
done
→
to
do
3.
was去掉
4.
are去掉
5.
to
settle
→
settled
6.
being去掉授课教案
学员姓名：_____________
授课教师：_
所授科目：
学员年级：__________
上课时间：____年__月__日____时___分至____时___分共___小时
教学标题
独立主格结构及with复合结构
教学目标
掌握独立主格结构的用法
教学重难点
区分非谓动词及独立主格结构的用法
上次作业检查
授课内容：
一
复习上次课内容①听写单词
②巩固上次课重点知识内容
③评讲作业上的习题二
梳理知识（新课内容）独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：Silver
is
the
best
conductor
of
electricity,
copper
following
it
closely.2、逻辑主语+V-ed
该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。如：1)
His
eyes
still
fixed
on
the
map,
he
did
some
serious
thinking.3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。如：(1).
He
entered
the
room,
his
nose
red
with
cold.
4、逻辑主语+介词短语
该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。如：1).
Book
in
hand,
Mr
Smith
came
in.5、逻辑主语+名词(1).
A
team
of
15
Indian
experts
are
organizing
a
workforce
of
400
Cambodians,
most
of
them
(
being
)
women.
独立主格结构,
and
most
of
them
are
women.
并列句;
most
of
them
are
women.
并列句,
most
of
whom
are
women.
定语从句(2).
The
doctor
has
two
daughters,
one
a
nurse,
the
other
an
engineer.三
典型例题1.
_________,
the
train
started.
A.
The
signal
given
B.
Giving
the
signal
C.
The
signal
being
given
D.
The
signal
giving2.
__________,
the
train
started.
A.
After
having
given
the
signal
B.
After
the
signal
given
C.
Giving
the
signal
D.
After
the
signal
was
given【解析】独立主格结构与时间状语从句的互换练习。
1）独立主格结构：被动关系
选A
2）时间状语从句：需要After引导词，且后为完整句子
选D四
课堂练习1.
___________,
the
patient
can
leave
the
hospital.A.
Better
conditions
B.
Conditions
better
C.
Conditions
are
better
D.
Being
better
conditions2.
_________,
the
patient
can
leave
the
hospital.A.
If
better
conditions
B.
If
conditions
better
C.
If
conditions
are
better
D.
Being
better
conditions3.
________,
we’d
like
to
go
outing.A.
Being
Sunday
B.
Sunday
OK
C.
Sunday
is
OK
D.
If
Sunday
OK4.
___________,
we’d
like
to
go
outing.A.
If
Sunday
is
OK
B.
Sunday
being
OK
C.
Sunday
OK
D.
A,B
and
C五
课堂小结六
下次课内容说明：1上完课后请教师在教案首尾签姓名，填好授课时间。
2
请不要在教案上涂改。
作业：
学员课堂表现：
签字确认
学员_____________
教师_____________
班主任_____________
