(共43张PPT)
Unit 1
Great Scientists
Let’s have a competition!
Extension
B. Archimedes
C. Thomas Edison
A. Charles Darwin
1. Which scientist said, “give me a place to stand on, and I can move the earth.”
Archimedes (287—212 BC)
Ancient Greek. He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water, the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed
A. Marie Curie
C. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
Do you remember the title of the book
The Origin of Species
Charlie Darwin(1808-1882)
Britain naturalist. The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. His book showed that people had developed from apes.
3.Who invented the first steam engine
A. Thomas Newcomen
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
Thomas Newcomen(1663—1729)
British. He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1689 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children
A. Thomas Edison
C. Archimedes
B. Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel(1822—1884)
Czech. The father of genetics. He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. Between 1856—1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance.
5. Who discovered radium
A. Marie Curie
C. Newton
B. Zhang Heng
Marie Curie (1867-1934) was born in Poland, moved to Paris and studied chemistry and physics there. She married Pierre Curie and together they studied radioactive materials and discovered radium. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her death in 1934 was almost certainly due to radiation in her work.
6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities
A. Stephen Hawking
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
Thomas Edison(1847----1931)
American. He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.
7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
A. Gregor Mendel
C. Marie Curie
B. Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci(1452-----1519)
He was a famous Italian artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible. Some of his famous paintings include “The smile of Mona Lisa” “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine and a flying machine.
8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground
A. Sir Humphry Davy
C. Faraday
B. Thomas Newcomen
Sir Humphry Davy(1778—1829)
British. He did research into different gases and discovered the medical value of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) as an anaesthetic. In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.
9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened
A. Charles Darwin
C. Watt
B. Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng ,Chinese( 78-----139)
He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon’s head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth, making a noise.
10.Who put forward a theory about black holes
A. Stephen Hawking
C. Copernicus
B. Archimedes
Stephen Hawking (1942--- )
British. He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.
What impressed you most in 2003
Who did great contributions to defeating the Sars
A. Zhong Nanshan
C. Qian Xuesheng
B. Stephen Hawking
中国工程院院士、广州呼吸病研究所所长
What other infectious diseases do you know
For example: When you eat some seafood……
You feel……
Maybe you have got ________.
Cholera
pest 鼠疫
cholera霍乱
SARS 非典
AIDS 艾滋病
rabies狂犬病
malaria疟疾
bird flu 禽流感
dengue fever 登革热
smallpox天花
……
infectious diseases
John Snow defeats “King cholera”
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Powerful, hard to cure …..
How to prove a new idea Put them in order.
Find a problem
Make up a question
Think of a method
Collect results
Analyze the results
Repeat if necessary
Draw a conclusion
Draw a conclusion Think of a method
Collect results Make up a question
Find a problem Analyze the results
Find supporting evidence Repeat if necessary
Find supporting evidence
Part1
Part2
Part3
part4
(Para. 1)
(Para. 2)
(Para. 3-5)
(Para. 6)
Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Introduction of two theories
Study of the outbreak in 1854
Prevention of Cholera and John Snow defeated King Cholera
Find the main idea of each part:
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Part 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Part 2: Two theories
Part 3: Study of the outbreak in 1854
Find a Problem:
Make up a question:
What is the cause of the cholera
Which is right
What did John Snow do when another outbreak hit London in 1854
. He was ready to test the two theories.
. He began to gather information.
. He marked on a map where all the dead people had lived.
1 death
2 death
5 death
…
1,2,…30,…40: numbers of houses
Think of a method:
mark on a map
Result:
Water was to blame
Collect and analyze results
result1 Water was the cause of the cholera
research Look into the __________of the water for two streets
result2 He found that the water_______________________
suggestion He told people to___________________
______________________
result3 He found ___________________in another part of London.
suggestion He suggested that the source of all water supplies ______________and _______________be found.
source
came from the river.
remove the handle
from the water pump.
two other deaths
Conclusion: polluted water carried the disease.
be examined
new methods
1
2
3
Find a problem
Make up a question
Think of a method
What’s the causes of cholera
Which theory is right
Study the outbreak in 1854 and gather information /collect data.
4
5
Collect results
Mark information on a map to find out where dead people live.
Analyse results
Find out where they got water. Analyse the water to see if it is the cause of the illness.
6
7
8 Repeat if necessary
Find support-
ing evidence
Find two other deaths in another part.
Make a conclusion
The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of cholera.
Not necessary in this experiment as the conlcusions were so clear.
Scientific Report by John Snow
The problem
Two theories Idea 1:
Idea 2: people absorbed the
disease_________________.
The method
The results
Idea 1 or 2 why
The conclusion
No body knew___________________
______________________________.
the cause of the serious disease of cholera
________________________ that attacked people
____________from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct.
He found the cause of cholera was____________________.
_______. Because the data showed a connection between the water and the deaths.
Cholera could be __________ now that its cause was known.
Strange cloud in the air
with their meals
Collect data
the polluted water
defeated
Idea 2
Discussion
What should you do if you're traveling to a country that has a cholera outbreak according to Snow’s theory
.Eat cooked food while it is still hot.
.Boil water thoroughly(完全) before drinking.
.Wash hands with soap and water before preparing food and eating.
.Avoid eating raw food, especially seafood.
…
John Snow was a __________ doctor in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______________it. In 1854 when a cholera ______ out, he began to gather information. He ______ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the ______ of all water supply be _________ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __________.
well-known
19th
cause
broke
marked
pump
source
examined
dealing
defeated
Summary:
defeat/control(共41张PPT)
Unit 1
Great Scientists
1. Can you name some famous scientists A competition between groups is needed.
In your opinion, what qualities
should a scientist have For
example,who has these qualities
1.Albert Eintein, Stephen Hawking, Issac Newton,Thomas Edison, Madam
Curie, Zhang Heng, Galileo, Archimedes, Charles Darwin, Thomas
Newcomen, Qian Xueshen, Nicolaus Copernicus, John Snow.
2.Good qualities examples
eg:Perseverance Marie Curie
Strong determination Steven Hawking
Careful Copernicus
Creative Albert Einstein
Clever and strict Thomas Edison
Patien Galileo
Isaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Stephen Hawking
Do you know these great scientists and their main achievement
Zhang Heng
The earliest instrument
of telling earthquakes
Do you know
Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float
Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed
Archimedes
Charles Darwin
Who discovered radium
Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities
Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people
Maries Curie
Thomas Edison
Leonardo da Vinci
Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground
Who put forward a theory about black holes
Sir Humphrey Davy
Stephen Hawking
Who invented the first steam engine
Thomas Newcomen
The first steam engine
Do you know
发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。
Leonardo da Vinci
遗传学
电灯
浮力定理
镭
进化论
蒸汽机
矿工安全灯
黑洞理论
地动仪
阿基米德 Archimedes
达尔文 Charles Darwin
纽科文 Thomas Newcomen
孟德尔Gregor Mendel
居里夫人Marie Curie
爱迪生Thomas Edison
汉弗来.戴维爵士Sir Humphry Davy
张衡Zhang Heng
斯蒂芬.霍金 Stephen Hawking
A brief introduction of cholera
Broad Street
Bacteria of cholera
What is Cholera
Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibria cholerae. It infects people‘s intestines(肠), causing diarrhea(腹泻), vomiting and leg cramps. The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated with the bacteria.
After a disaster, this is a very real danger, since regular, clean water and food supplies are often unavailable. The disease can be spread even further by infected people using already dirty water sources to clean themselves or dispose of waste.
Cholera can be mild or even without symptoms, a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. The diarrhea and vomiting brought on by the infection quickly leaves the body without enough fluid. The following dehydration(脱水) and shock can kill a person within hours.
Broad Street
Pre-reading:Put the stages on page 1 about research into a disease in correct order .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Find a problem
Make up a question
Think of a method
Collect results
Analyse the results
Draw a conclusion
Repeat if necessary
Find supporting evidence
John Snow
( 1813~ 1858)
Englishman
York
John Snow was born in York on March 15th, 1813, the oldest of nine children.
John Snow was born and worked as a doctor in Great Britain. He was originally an anaesthetist(麻醉师), which means that he put people to sleep during operations. He also began to experiment using the same drugs to help women when they had babies. That is why he became the doctor for Queen Victoria at the births of her many children.
London
1836
37
38
39
40
1845
41
42
43
44
At the time he lived, cholera was the most fightening disease. There were 4 outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s, which killed many thousands of people in the industrial cities of England. In 1853 there were outbreaks in Newcastle and Gateshead. In London more than ten thousand people died. Then in 1854 on August 31st “ The most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began. It was so violent and sudden that 127 people around Broad Street died in the first 3 days.
John Snow believed that cholera came from drinking polluted water. He noticed that the disease began in the stomach and that the victims died very quickly from a loss of liquid after severe vomiting and diarrhoea. He believed that when water from the toilet and drinking water were mixed, it was possible for the illness to be passed from one person to the next.At this time, there was no running water in houses so people had to collect their water from pumps in the street. In addition, they were forced to depend on the water company to supply them with clean water.
So where the water company collected its water was very important. If the drinking water came from the lower part of the River Thames(after London people had used it as a toilet), it could already be polluted. If the water came from the upper part of the River Thames(before…), it would be clean for people to drink.
What’s the main idea of the passage
2. What helps John Snow find the clue about the cause of the disease
3. When was John Snow able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried disease
4.Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street
Skimming
Task 1:Skiming and Scanning
Skimming
What’s the main idea of the passage
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
The source of all drinking water should be examined.
How did John Snow collect, analyze data and find the cause of the disease and solved it .
2. What helps John Snow find the clue about the cause of the disease
3. When was John Snow able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried disease
A map of London
After he found two deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
4.Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street
Because these families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.
Scanning:Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph:
C.John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.
F.He got interested in
two theories explaining…
A.He needed to prove the second theory was correct.
E.He found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
D.Polluted water carried the disease
B.Finally “King Cholera” was defeated
C
F
A
E
D
B
Task 2: Read and answer
1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in
3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. Both A and B
4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do
1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first
2 Which theory did John Snow believe in
Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.
People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________.
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. both A and B
4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do
Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine.
Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.
Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.
Mind Map of the text
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera
Paragraph 2: Two theories
Find a Problem: What cause the cholera
Make up a question: Which is right
Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854
Think of a method: Test two theories
Collect the results: Mark the deaths
Analyse the results: Reason for deaths and no death
Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854
Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854
Find supporting evidence:Polluted water carried cholera
Analyse the results: Find the resource of the water
Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera
John Snow defeat King Cholera
Draw a conclusion: Cholera could be defeated now that its cause was known.
Repeat if necessary
Group Discussion
Cholera is a 19th century disease. What diseases do you think are similar to cholera today
Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map
What should you do if you're travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak according to Snow’s theory
TIPS
What should you do if you're travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak
Drink only water that you have boiled Other safe drinks include tea or coffee made with boiled water, or bottled beverages with no ice.
Eat only food that's been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that you've peeled yourself.
Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish.
Avoid raw salads and vegetables.
Avoid food and drinks from street vendors.
2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today Why
SARS and AIDS. They are both very serious, have unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Module 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Part 1. Warming-up
1. Science affects us all by advancing our material comfort and lifestyle. Some famous scientists made great contribution to human beings. Try the quiz in Warming up to see whether you have got enough knowledge.
2. Can you name some deadly diseases in history, especially some infectious diseases
3. Do you know what Cholera is What causes Cholera How does it spread
Part 2. Pre-reading
1.Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research There are some stages in setting out a new scientific idea on page 1. What order would you put them in
2. Look at the picture, the map and the title and predict the content of the reading passage. Then skim it quickly to see if you were right.
Part. 3 Reading
careful reading
Paragraph Stages in an experienment Example in this investigation
1 Find a problem The ________ of cholera
2 Make up a question Theory one: Cholera ___________ in the air Theory two: When people _______ cholera into their bodies with meals, their bodies were ________ and soon they died.
3 Think of a method Begin to ___________ information on those who died in two streets to________ the _________ theory was true
4 Collect results Plot information on a _______ to find how many people ______ and where they got _______
5 Analyse results _____________ the source of the water to see if that is the__________of the illness.
6 Find supporing evidence With extra ________ , it was announced definitely that ________ water carried cholera.
7 Draw a conclusion _______________ spread cholera. The source of all drinking water should be ___________ to make sure it is _______
Choose the best answers
1. What’s the purpose of the text ( )
A. To show us how difficult it was to find a cure for cholera.
B. To tell us how John Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it.
C. To show us how difficult it was to carry out experiments at that time.
D. To tell us the way cholera spread and how serious it was.
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text ( )
A. John Snow became famous after cholera hit England in the 19th century.
B. John Snow began to collect information long before cholera hit England in the 19th century.
C. The mother and her daughter mentioned in the text both lived in Broad Street.
D. John Snow felt unsure about the cause of cholera after he finished the map.
3. Why was cholera called “King Cholera” in the text ( )
A. Because cholera caused many deaths.
B. Because it got its name from Queen Victoria.
C. Because cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.
D. Because it was defeated with the help of the king.
4 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by______. ( )
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. Both A and B
Part 4. Groupwork
Cholera is a 19th century disease. What diseases do you think are similar to cholera today
Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map
What should you do if you're travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak Module 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Part 1. lead-in
1. Science affects us all by advancing our material comfort and lifestyle. Some famous scientists made great contribution to human beings. Try the quiz in Warming up to see whether you have got enough knowledge.
2. Life is very precious especially when we face with unexpected diseases or disasters or even death. So scientists have made great efforts to cure terrible diseases. Can you name some deadly disease in history, especially some infectious disease
(suggested answer: Black death（黑死病）, Bird flu, SARS, Swine flu（猪流感）, Cholera ……)
3. Do you know what Cholera is What cause Cholera How does it spread
(suggested answer: Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibria cholerae. It infects people’s intestines(肠), causing diarrhea(腹泻), vomiting and leg cramps.
The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated with the bacteria. The disease can be spread even further by infected people using already dirty water sources to clean themselves or dispose of waste. Cholera can be mild or even without symptoms, a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. )
Part 2. Pre-reading
Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research There are some stages in setting out a new scientific idea on page 1. What order would you put them in
(suggested answer: 1. find a problem. 2. make a question 3. think of a method, 4. collect results. 5. analyse the results. 6. find supporting evidence. 7 Draw a conclusion)
Part. 3 Reading
skimming
According to the answer of the exercise of pre-reading, can you match the seven paragraphs with the seven stages Then check whether you have put the seven stages in the right order.
Para.1. Find a problem. Para.2. Make a question Para.3. Think of a method,
Para4. Collect results. Para5. Analyse the results. Para 6. Find supporting evidence.
Para.7 Draw a conclusion
Then finish Ex1 on Page 3.
Suggested answers: 2,1,4,7,3,8,5,6
careful reading
Paragraph Stages in an experience Example in this investigation
1 Find a problem The ________ of cholera
2 Make a question Theory one: Cholera ___________ in the air Theory two: When people _______ cholera into their bodies with meals, their bodies were ________ and soon they died.
3 Think of a method Begin to ___________ information on those who died in two streets to________ the _________ theory was true
4 Collect results Plot information on a _______ to find how many people ______ and where they got _______
5 Analyse results _____________ the source of the water to see if that is the__________of the illness.
6 Find supporing evidence With extra ________ , it was announced definitely that ________ water carried cholera.
7 Draw a conclusion _______________ spread cholera. The source of all drinking water should be ___________ to make sure it is _______
Choose the best answers
1. What’s the purpose of the text ( B )
A. To show us how difficult it was to find a cure for cholera.
B. To tell us how John Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it.
C. To show us how difficult it was to carry out experiments at that time.
D. To tell us the way cholera spread and how serious it was.
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text ( D )
A. John Snow became famous after cholera hit England in the 19th century.
B. John Snow began to collect information long before cholera hit England in the 19th century.
C. The mother and her daughter mentioned in the text both lived in Broad Street.
D. John Snow felt unsure about the cause of cholera after he finished the map.
3. Why was cholera called “King Cholera” in the text ( C )
A. Because cholera caused many deaths.
B. Because it got its name from Queen Victoria.
C. Because cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.
D. Because it was defeated with the help of the king.
4 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by______. (D)
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. Both A and B
Part 4. Group work
Cholera is a 19th century disease. What diseases do you think are similar to cholera today
Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map
What should you do if you're travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak
SARS and AIDS, which had unknown cause, they are both very serious, and need public health care to solve them.
No, I don’t think so.
Drink only water that you have boiled or treated with chlorine 氯气or iodine碘. Other safe drinks include tea or coffee made with boiled water and carbonated碳酸, bottled beverages with no ice.
Eat only food that's been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that you've peeled by yourself.
Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish.
Avoid raw salads and vegetables.
Avoid food and drinks from street vendors.
"Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it."
cause
multiplied
absorbed
attacked
gather
water
prove
second
map
cause
died
Analyse
polluted
evidence
examined
Polluted water
safe
