Module 9 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans
Discuss
1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented
2. Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude
3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used
4. Which ones do you think are still used today
Reading
Comprehending
1. Read the passage and answer the following questions.
What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant ( )
What is the use of a compass ( )
A. To set the course of the ship B. To measure the position of the ship
C. To measure the speed of the ship D. To tell the time
2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship
3) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude
2. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups:
1) What skills would you seek in your sailors
2) What problems would you anticipate for this journey
3. Read the passage again and use the information to analyze the navigational skills.
Using nature
1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.
2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _____________________________.
3. Sailors used ________________________________to increase their speed.
Using instruments
4. There were two methods to find longitude:
1)_______________________
2)_______________________(共20张PPT)
What is a navigator
Warming up
A navigator explores new routes across the sea.
2. What is the difference between a navigator and an explorer
A navigator explores the sea; an explorer discovers new places on land.
navigator
sea
nautical instruments
find new islands or continents
Navigator is sb. who finds the position and plots the course of a ship by using maps and nautical instruments.
explorer
land
use of compass and landmarks
find new places within an already identified island or continent
Explorer is sb. who travels into or through a place in order to learn about it.
1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented
Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.
Discuss
2. Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude
Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.
3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used
1) compass ( in ancient China)
2) astrolabe
3) sextant
4) sea / nautical / marine chart
4. Which ones do you think are still used
today
Sea charts are still used today.
compass
astrolabe
sextant
a bearing circle
a bearing circle
方位圆
the first instrument to measure the sun’s position and the sun’s shadow
a quadrant
a special tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars
an astrolabe
measure how high stars were above the horizon
A
longitude
latitude
an updated navigational instrument to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship
sextant
a nautical/sea chart
Comprehending
1. Read the passage and answer the following questions.
What is the use of a bearing circle,
astrolabe, quadrant or sextant ( )
What is the use of a compass ( )
A. To set the course of the ship
B. To measure the position of the ship
C. To measure the speed of the ship
D. To tell the time
A
B
2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship Speed and time are important in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.
3) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude
The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship's position.
2. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups:
1) What skills would you seek in your sailors
2) What problems would you anticipate for this journey
3. Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills.
1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.
2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _________________________________
_______________________.
3. Sailors used ________________________
________to increase their speed.
fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog
sea currents or tides and winds
Using nature
4. There were two methods to find longitude:
1)_______________________
2)__________________________________
measuring time and speed
compass and complicated mathematical tables
Using instruments
category items category Items
Clothes shoes
Hygiene Tools
bedding Medicines
What would you need for a week’s journey across the North Sea to England
shirt, trousers
soap
blanket
waterproof boots
knife, scissors
sea-sick tablets,Module 9 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans
Discuss
1. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented
Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.
2. Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude
Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.
3. Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used
1) compass ( in ancient China)
2) astrolabe
3) sextant
4) sea / nautical / marine chart
4. Which ones do you think are still used today
Sea charts are still used today.
Reading
Comprehending
1. Read the passage and answer the following questions.
What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant ( ) B
What is the use of a compass ( ) A
A. To set the course of the ship B. To measure the position of the ship
C. To measure the speed of the ship D. To tell the time
2) Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship Speed and time are important in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.
3) Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude
The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship's position.
2. Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups:
1) What skills would you seek in your sailors
2) What problems would you anticipate for this journey
3. Read the passage again and use the information to analyze the navigational skills.
Using nature
1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.
2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _____________________________.
3. Sailors used ________________________________to increase their speed.
Keys: fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog
sea currents or tides and winds
Using instruments
4. There were two methods to find longitude:
1)_______________________
2)_______________________
Keys: measuring time and speed
compass and complicated mathematical tables
